Chickasaw Nation - Knowledge (XXG)

499:. In exchange for hides and slaves, the Chickasaw obtained metal tools, guns, and other supplies from the settlers. With a population of around 3,500–4,000, the Chickasaw were smaller than their surrounding neighbors such as the Choctaw, with a population of about 20,000. However, there became increased efforts by the English and the French to establish and maintain strong alliances with the Chickasaw Nation and surrounding sovereign tribes due to power struggles in the region; effective trade routes later became the focal point of the wars fought between Great Britain and France. During the colonial period, some Chickasaw towns traded with French colonists from La Louisiane, including their settlements at 840:. The governor and the lieutenant governor are elected to serve four-year terms and run for political office together. The Chickasaw government also has an executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial department. In addition to electing a governor and lieutenant governor, voters also select thirteen members to make up the tribal legislature (with three-year terms), and three justices to make up the tribal supreme court. The elected officials provided for in the Constitution believe in a unified commitment, whereby government policy serves the common good of all Chickasaw citizens. This common good extends to future generations as well as today’s citizens. 484:

the political organization of a chiefdom governmental system, with the head chief residing in the largest and main temple mound in the chiefdom, with the remaining family lineage and commoners spreading out across the villages. Months after an uneasy truce permitting the Spanish stay in their camps for the winter and survive on the tribe's food supply, the Chickasaws planned a surprise night attack on Desoto and his men as they prepared to leave. By this, they successfully sent a defiant message to their European enemies not to return to their land. As a result, 150 years passed before the Chickasaw received another European expedition.

4777: 6476: 6206: 5757: 5007: 5532: 6001: 4223: 3589: 4506: 3207: 5292: 3982: 72: 573:, both areas not heavily populated by members of the tribe. They remained in their primary homeland of northern Mississippi and northwest Alabama until the 1830s. After decades of increasing pressure by federal and state governments to cede their land, as European Americans were eager to move into their territory and had already begun to do so as squatters or under fraudulent land sales, the Chickasaw finally agreed to cede their remaining Mississippi homeland to the U.S. under the 519:, the new state of Georgia was trying to strengthen its claim to western lands, which it said went to the Mississippi River under its colonial charter. It also wanted to satisfy a great demand by planters for land to develop, and the state government, including the governor, made deals to favor political insiders. Various development companies formed to speculate in land sales. After a scandal in the late 1780s, another developed in the 1790s. In what was referred to as the 844:

support tribal government operations, are invested in further diversification of enterprises, and fund more than 200 programs and services. These programs cover education, health care, youth, aging, housing and more, all of which directly benefit Chickasaw families, Oklahomans, and their communities. This unique system is key to the Chickasaw Nation’s efforts to pursue self-sufficiency and self-determination, ensuring the continuous enrichment and support of Indian lives.

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generated outrage when the details were publicized. Reformers passed a state law forcing the annulment of this sale in February 1796. But the Georgia-Mississippi Company had already sold part of its holdings to the New England Mississippi Company, and it had sold portions to settlers. Conflicts arose as settlers tried to claim and develop these lands. Georgia finally ceded its claim to the U.S. in 1810, but the issues took nearly another decade to resolve.

833:. Anoatubby was elected governor in 1987, and at the time, the tribe had a larger spending budget than funds available. Anoatubby's effective management gradually led the tribe toward progress, as tribal operations and funding have increased exponentially. Governor Anoatubby lists another of his primary goals as meeting the needs and desires of the Chickasaw people by providing opportunities for employment, higher education, and health care services. 596:, the Chickasaw Nation was forced to move to Indian territory, suffering a significant decline in population. However, due to the negotiating skills of the Chickasaw leaders, they were led to favorable sales of their land in Mississippi. Of the Five Civilized Tribes, the Chickasaw were one of the last ones to move. In 1837, the Chickasaw and Choctaw signed the Treaty of Doaksville, by which the Chickasaw purchased the western lands of the 97: 6666: 82: 585: 2736: 6678: 909:. In 1987, with funding from the U.S. federal government, the Chickasaw Nation operated just over thirty programs with the goal of developing a firm financial base. Today, the nation has more than two hundred tribally funded programs and more than sixty federally funded programs providing services in sectors such as housing, education, entertainment, employment, and healthcare. 920:), as well as the Chickasaw Nation Medical Center in Ada, were established in 1987. Not long after, many additional health clinics and facilities opened, with even a convenient housing facility on the campus of the Chickasaw Nation Medical Center designed to relieve families and patients of travel and lodging costs if traveling far from home. 472:

that they were descendants of the pre-historic Mississippian tribes, having migrated from the West given their oral histories. According to some of their oral stories, the Chickasaw first settled in the Chickasaw Old Fields, what is currently northern Alabama today, and later re-established themselves near the Tombigbee River.

413:, consisting of intergenerational stories that speak to the tribe’s legacy and close relationship with the Choctaw. The similarities in the language of the Chickasaw and the Choctaw have prompted anthropologists to propose a number of theories regarding the origins of the Chickasaw Nation, as it continues to remain uncertain. 468:, and the skill and craftmanship of artisans is reflected in the elaborate and intricate remains of burials. Furthermore, as chiefdoms arose within the Chickasaw Nation—and across the Southeast in general—the increased social complexity and population growth were sustained by effective and widespread farming practices. 701:. There has been a great decline over the years in the number of speakers, as the language is spoken by less than two hundred people today, with the majority being Chickasaw elders. The Chickasaw language was often discouraged in students attending school (often even including tribally run schools). 311:

comprises about 7,648 square miles with jurisdictional boundaries spanning south-central Oklahoma across four national subdivided districts—the Pontotoc District, Pickens District, Tishomingo District and Panola District—all of which have relatively equal populations. Over half a dozen of Oklahoma’s

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is one of the largest and most important ceremonies of the Chickasaw Nation. This religious festival takes place in the latter half of summer, lasting two to eight days. It serves as a religious renewal in addition to thanksgiving, as all members of the tribe give thanks for the year’s corn harvest

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While the origins of the Chickasaw continue to remain uncertain, anthropologists and historians have proposed several theories. One theory is that the Chickasaw were at one time a part of the Choctaw and later branched off, given their close connections linguistically and geographically. Another is

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In 2002, the Chickasaw Nation purchased Bank2 with headquarters in Oklahoma City. It was renamed 'Chickasaw Community Bank' in January 2020. It started with $ 7.5 million in assets and has grown to $ 135 million in assets today. The Chickasaw Nation also operates many historical sites and museums,

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is credited as being the first European to contact the Chickasaw during his travels of 1540, and along with his army, were some of the first, and last, European explorers to come into contact with the Mississippian cultures and nations of the Southeast. He learned they were an agrarian nation with

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Though it may have seemed like the federal government finally achieved their goal of completely assimilating the Chickasaw Nation into mainstream American life, the Chickasaw people continued to practice traditional activities and gather together socially, believing that the community involvement

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In 1907, when Oklahoma entered the Union as the 46th state, the role of tribal governments in Indian Territories ceased, and as a result, the Chickasaw people were then granted United States citizenship. For decades until 1971, the United States appointed representatives for the Chickasaw Nation.

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The structure of the current government encourages and supports infrastructure for strong business ventures and an advanced tribal economy. The use of new technologies and dynamic business strategies in a global market are also encouraged. Revenues generated by Chickasaw Nation tribal businesses

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in the 19th century and subsequently organized into what is now the northern Mississippi and Alabama and the western reaches of Tennessee and Kentucky. As of 2023, the Chickasaw Nation is the 12th largest Indigenous nation in the United States by population, counting a total worldwide population

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The Chickasaw Nation is also contributing heavily to the tourism industry in Oklahoma. In 2010, the Chickasaw Cultural Center opened, attracting more than 200,000 visitors from around the world as well as providing hundreds of employment opportunities to local residents. In this year alone, the

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The Chickasaw Nation follows the traditional monogamous marriage system, with the groom obtaining the blessings of the wife’s parents and following with a simple ceremony soon after. Marriage ceremonies were all arranged by women. Adultery is a misdemeanor seriously looked down upon with severe

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of January 1795, the state of Georgia sold 22 million acres of its western lands to four land companies, although this territory was occupied by the Chickasaw and other tribes, and there were other European nations with some sovereignty in the area. This was the second Yazoo land sale, which

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In 2007, the Chickasaw Nation of Oklahoma enacted and began promoting the Chickasaw Language Revitalization Program. A focus of this program is the Master Apprentice Program, which pairs a language-learning student with an individual already fluent in Chikashshanompa’ in attempts to gain

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Bander, Margaret. “Glimpses of Local Masculinities: Learning from Interviews with Kiowa, Comanche, Apache and Chickasaw Men.” Journal of the Southern Anthropological Society, vol. 31, 2005, www.southernanthro.org/downloads/publications/SA-archives/2005-vol31.pdf#page=2.

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Increases in higher education funding and scholarships have enabled many students to pursue higher education, with funding increasing from $ 200,000 thirty years ago to students receiving more than $ 15 million in scholarships, grants, and other educational support.

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Luthey, Graydon Dean. “Chickasaw Nation v. United States: The Beginning of the End of the Indian-Law Canons in Statutory Cases and the Start of the Judicial Assault on the Trust Relationship?” American Indian Law Review, vol. 27, no. 2, 2002, p. 553.,

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A. G. Young and S. M. Miranda, "Cultural Identity Restoration and Purposive Website Design: A Hermeneutic Study of the Chickasaw and Klamath Tribes," 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, HI, 2014, pp. 3358-3367, doi:

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The division of the Choctaw Nation was ratified by the Choctaw–Chickasaw Treaty of 1854. The Chickasaw constitution, establishing the nation as separate from the Choctaw, was signed August 30, 1856, in their new capital of Tishomingo (now

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as the Chickasaw Nation's first Ambassador to the United States in 1995. Blackwell had previously served as the Chickasaw delegate to the United States from 1990 to 1995. At the time of his appointment in 1995, Blackwell became the first

674:, to work toward the re-establishment of its government. With the passage of Public Law 91-495, their tribal government was recognized by the United States. In 1971, the people held their first tribal election since 1904. They elected 378:. The people of the Chickasaw Nation were one of just five Indigenous nations, along with the people of the Cherokee Nation, the Choctaw Nation, the Muscogee Nation and the Seminole Nation, which White people subjective believed to be 868:

The Chickasaw Nation operates more than 100 diversified businesses in a variety of services and industries, including manufacturing, energy, health care, media, technology, hospitality, retail and tourism. Among these are

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Russon, Author: Mary-Ann. “Chickasaw Nation: The Fight to Save a Dying Native American Language.” Chickasaw Nation: The Fight to Save a Dying Native American Language | Indigenous Governance Database, 1 Jan. 1970,

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private as well as public consequences since this was thought to bring shame and dishonor to the families. As the Chickasaws practice matrilineal descent, children usually follow their mother’s house or clan name.

646:, the United States forced the Chickasaw Nation into a new peace treaty due to their support for the Confederacy. Under the new treaty, the Chickasaw (and Choctaw) ceded the "Leased District" to the United States. 390:, due to their agrarian culture, adoption of centralized governments with written constitutions, intermarriages with White settlers, conversion to Christianity, adoption of capitalism, and enslaving Black people 1511:

Hally, David J., and John F. Chamblee. “The Temporal Distribution and Duration of Mississippian Polities in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee.” American Antiquity, vol. 84, no. 3, 2019, pp. 420–437.,

534:, wrote a 1797 pamphlet to address the land speculation initiated by the Georgia-Mississippi Company. Within this discussion, he wrote about the Chickasaw and their territory in what became Mississippi: 697:, a traditionally oral language, is the primary and official language of the Chickasaw Nation. Over 3,000 years old, Chikashshanompa’ is part of the Muskogean language family and is very similar to the 2724: 1860: 460:

and across the Eastern Woodlands with some regional variations. This was a period of increasing sociopolitical complexity, with the intensification of agriculture, settlements in larger towns or

557:, who in 1744 resided among the Chickasaw, named their principal towns as being Shatara, Chookheereso, Hykehah, Tuskawillao, and Phalacheho. The Chickasaw sold a section of their lands with the 836:

The Chickasaw Nation’s current three-department system of government was established with the ratification of the 1983 Chickasaw Nation Constitution. The tribal government takes the form of a

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conversational fluency. Other attempts at language revitalization have included establishing university language courses, creating a language learning app, and running youth language clubs.

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Johnson, Jay K. “Stone Tools, Politics, and the Eighteenth-Century Chickasaw in Northeast Mississippi.” American Antiquity, vol. 62, no. 2, 1997, pp. 215–230., doi:10.2307/282507.

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Chickasaw Nation also opened a Welcome Center, Artesian Hotel, Chickasaw Travel Shop, Chickasaw Conference Center and Retreat, Bedré Fine Chocolate Factory, and the Salt Creek Casino.

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National Geographic Society. “Southeast Native American Groups.” National Geographic Society, 4 Mar. 2020, www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/southeast-native-american-groups/.

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Johnson, Jay K. “Stone Tools, Politics, and the Eighteenth-Century Chickasaw in Northeast Mississippi.” American Antiquity, vol. 62, no. 2, 1997, pp. 215–230., doi:10.2307/282507.

4715: 550:. Their country is an extensive plain, tolerably well watered from springs, and a pretty good soil. They have seven towns, and their number of fighting men is estimated at 575. 1548:

Champagne, Duane. Social Order and Political Change: Constitutional Governments among the Cherokee, the Choctaw, the Chickasaw, and the Creek. Stanford University Press, 1998.

6723: 6404: 6144: 5695: 4945: 631:. The nation consisted of four divisions: Tishomingo County, Pontotoc County, Pickens County, and Panola County. Law enforcement in the nation was provided by the Chickasaw 5458: 1252: 6708: 5933: 4145: 3512: 681:

Since the 1980s, the tribal government has focused on building an economically diverse base to generate funds that will support programs and services to Indian people.

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tribal ambassador to the United States government. Blackwell served in Washington as ambassador from 1995 until his death on January 3, 2013. Governor Anoatubby named

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Cobb, Charles R. “Mississippian Chiefdoms: How Complex?” Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. 32, no. 1, 2003, pp. 63–84., doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093244.

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to Indigenous cultures on account of race and assessed the perceived inferiority of non-White people by the degree to which they adopted the customs and values of

1931: 1725:“Chickasaw Nation.” Indian Country - Chickasaw Language Revitalization, msu-anthropology.github.io/indian-country/sites/chickasaw-language-revitalization.html. 409:. This is primarily an oral language, with no historic written component. A significant part of their culture is passed on to each generation through their 6718: 2710: 2702: 2740: 1870: 488: 6670: 3707: 2939: 1839: 663:

would sustain their culture, language, core beliefs, and values. This gave rise to the movement towards which the Chickasaw would govern themselves.

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Cobb, Amanda J. Listening to Our Grandmothers' Stories: the Bloomfield Academy for Chickasaw Females, 1852-1949. University of Nebraska Press, 2007.

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in Indian Territory. This western area was called the Chickasaw District, and consisted of what are now Panola, Wichita, Caddo, and Perry counties.

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is believed to live above the clouds along with a number of other lesser deities, such as the spirits of the sky and clouds, and evil spirits.

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Gibson, Arrell M. “Chickasaw Ethnography: An Ethnohistorical Reconstruction.” Ethnohistory, vol. 18, no. 2, 1971, p. 99., doi:10.2307/481307.

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descent provides the basic societal structure of the nation, with children becoming members of and under the care of their mother’s clan.

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was the first man to serve in this capacity. Governor Johnston served the Chickasaw Nation from 1906 until his death in 1939 at age 83.

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Munro, Pamela, and Catherine Willmond. Let's Speak Chickasaw = Chikashshanompa' Kilanompoli'. University of Oklahoma Press, 2008.

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The Chickasaws are a nation of Indians who inhabit the country on the east side of the Mississippi, on the head branches of the

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exceeding 80,000 citizens, the majority of which reside in Oklahoma, where the Chickasaw national government is established in

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Perdue, Theda, and Michael D. Green. The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Southeast. Columbia University Press, 2012.

1244: 6763: 6738: 6382: 6122: 5673: 5216: 4923: 3891: 5436: 5911: 4123: 3490: 1627: 4406: 3123: 3034: 2553: 2543: 2503: 670:, Native American Indian activism was on the rise. A group of Chickasaw met at Seeley Chapel, a small country church near 235: 81: 6656: 5208: 3883: 2914: 2789: 2340:

First person interview conducted on October 18, 2010 with Bill Anoatubby, the tribal Governor of the Chickasaw Nation.

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Davis, Jenny L. (2016). "Language Affiliation and Ethnolinguistic Identity in Chickasaw Language Revitalization".

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Atkinson, James R. Splendid Land, Splendid People: the Chickasaw Indians to Removal. Univ. of Alabama Press, 2004.

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Atkinson, James R. Splendid Land, Splendid People: the Chickasaw Indians to Removal. Univ. of Alabama Press, 2004.

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From Chicaza to Chickasaw: the European Invasion and the Transformation of the Mississippian World, 1540-1715

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Admin. “The Green Corn Ceremony.” Native American Netroots, 5 May 2011, nativeamericannetroots.net/diary/951.

1663:“Doaksville.” Doaksville and Fort Towson | Oklahoma Historical Society, www.okhistory.org/sites/ftdoaksville. 1521:

Green, Richard 2007 Chickasaw lives. Volume one, Explorations in tribal history. Ada, Okla.: Chickasaw Press.

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Governor Anoatubby highly prioritizes the services available to the Chickasaw people. Two health clinics (in

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The Chickasaw removal is one of the most traumatic episodes in the history of the nation. As a result of the

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by a landslide as governor of the Chickasaw Nation, further tightening communal support and identity.

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formally recognized by the United States government. The Chickasaw citizenry descends from the

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Jean, Wendy St. (2003). "Trading Paths: Mapping Chickasaw History in the Eighteenth Century".

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The next encounter the Chickasaw Nation had with European settlers was with French explorers

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Building a Nation: Chickasaw Museums and the Construction of Chickasaw History and Heritage

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of the southern region. The United States eventually leased the area between the 100th and

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Fitzgerald, David, et al. Chickasaw: Unconquered and Unconquerable. Chickasaw Press, 2006.

1955: 1771: 1103: 1061: 1051: 1024: 906: 874: 539: 504: 383: 375: 371: 1892: 1650: 2337: 2290:. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904. 2:918-931. (accessed December 27, 2006). 6553: 6510: 6495: 6246: 6231: 5556: 5311: 5140: 5130: 5090: 5085: 4816: 4626: 4525: 3793: 3777: 3737: 3671: 3394: 3384: 3364: 3359: 3304: 3281: 3276: 3266: 3099: 3054: 3049: 2979: 2944: 2686: 2468: 2457: 2439: 2279:. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904. 2:652-653 (accessed December 25, 2006). 2248:

Galloway, Patricia Kay. Choctaw Genesis, 1500-1700. University of Nebraska Press, 1998.

2185:"Governor Anoatubby Says State of the Chickasaw Nation is the Strongest It's Ever Been" 2167:

Swanton, John Reed. Chickasaw Society and Religion. University of Nebraska Press, 2006.

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Gibson, Arrell M. (1971). "Chickasaw Ethnography: An Ethnohistorical Reconstruction".

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nnigovernance.arizona.edu/chickasaw-nation-fight-save-dying-native-american-language.

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for the use of the Plains tribes. The area was referred to as the "Leased District".

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At the core of Chickasaw religious beliefs and traditions is the supreme deity

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Although originally the western boundary of the Choctaw Nation extended to the

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counties are located within the boundaries of the four Chickasaw districts:

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Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.

1917: 1135: 2149: 1368:"Five Civilized Tribes | The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture" 370:

of the 18th and 19th centuries largely viewed their culture as inherently

6619:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 6353:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 6093:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 5882:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 5644:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 5407:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 5179:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 4894:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 4664:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 4377:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 4094:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 3854:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 3461:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties 2809: 2744: 2735: 1558:

Lamplugh, George R. (2010). "James Gunn: Georgia Federalist, 1789-1801".

1153: 1131: 1070: 461: 106: 2934: 2676: 2589: 2574: 2413: 898: 185: 2104: 1932:"Transgender and non-binary candidates elected in several US 'firsts'" 3074: 2904: 1580:

Politics on the Periphery: Factions and Parties in Georgia, 1783-1806

1039:, recording artist and co-founder of the Native American music group 1861:"Chickasaw Nation Ambassador Charles W. Blackwell – a Man of Vision" 2302:"Organization of the Counties in the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations" 2096: 1786:“Biography.” Governor, governor.chickasaw.net/About/Biography.aspx. 1673:

Arrell Morgan Gibson (1981). "The Federal Government in Oklahoma".

1357:“Districts.” Legislative, legislative.chickasaw.net/Districts.aspx. 2854: 2779: 956:, Goldsby Gaming Center, Jet Stream Casino, Madill Gaming Center, 635:. Non-Indians fell under the jurisdiction of the federal court at 583: 465: 6487: 6447: 6217: 6187: 6012: 5976: 5768: 5738: 5543: 5501: 5303: 5273: 5018: 4988: 4788: 4758: 4517: 4471: 4234: 4188: 3993: 3948: 3600: 3555: 3218: 3188: 2599: 2594: 2584: 2579: 1865: 1456: 1454: 1452: 902: 6386: 6126: 5915: 5677: 5440: 5212: 4927: 4697: 4410: 4127: 3887: 3494: 3127: 3114: 2706: 2347: 2324: 2122:

A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.

436:, with each clan having their own leaders. Their tradition of 2318: 2202:"The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture: Chickasaw" 6474: 6204: 5999: 5755: 5530: 5290: 5005: 4775: 4504: 4221: 3980: 3587: 3205: 2343: 1530:“Chickasaw History.” Chickasaw, www.tolatsga.org/chick.html. 860:

ambassador-at-large in 2013, a role similar to Blackwell's.

737:), the spirit of fire and giver of life, light, and warmth. 382:

at that time. These nations were historically designated by

3110: 2308:

8:3 (September 1930) 315-334. (accessed December 26, 2006).

877:, Lazer Zone Family Fun Center and the McSwain Theatre in 1998:"Chickasaw Nation Hall of Fame - Eula Pearl Carter Scott" 1424: 1422: 1220: 1201:, attorney, federal government official and law professor 416:

Clans within the Chickasaw Nation are separated into two

255: 1796:

Barbour, Jeannie; Cobb, Amanda J.; Hogan, Linda (2006).

1765:

2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory.

1393:"Black History and the "Five Civilized Tribes," a story" 1128:, Governor of Chickasaw Nation (1898–1902 and 1904–1939) 940:, as well as a number of casinos. Their casinos include 2111:

Green, Richard. Chickasaw Lives. Chickasaw Press, 2007.

1473:

The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Southeast

6654: 1116:, author, writer-in-residence of the Chickasaw Nation 561:, resulting in the loss of what became known as the 6614: 6595: 6577: 6542: 6524: 6486: 6446: 6348: 6323: 6293: 6260: 6216: 6186: 6088: 6069: 6034: 6011: 5975: 5877: 5858: 5823: 5790: 5767: 5737: 5639: 5620: 5590: 5542: 5500: 5402: 5383: 5348: 5325: 5302: 5272: 5174: 5149: 5109: 5061: 5017: 4987: 4889: 4870: 4835: 4787: 4757: 4659: 4640: 4617: 4592: 4574: 4516: 4470: 4372: 4353: 4335: 4299: 4281: 4233: 4187: 4089: 4064: 4039: 4016: 3992: 3947: 3849: 3830: 3812: 3655: 3637: 3599: 3554: 3456: 3431: 3403: 3333: 3290: 3217: 3187: 2958: 2751: 2669: 2608: 2562: 2496: 2427: 2381: 1156:, ally of the United States under George Washington 1110:, first enrolled Native American to travel in space 250: 234: 213: 196: 184: 176: 171: 163: 158: 148: 143: 131: 113: 35: 1470:Perdue, Theda; Green, Michael D. (June 22, 2005). 2338:Voices of Oklahoma interview with Bill Anoatubby. 2023:oklahoma state senate staff (February 19, 2014). 295:whose original territory was appropriated by the 6714:Federally recognized tribes in the United States 1064:, state representative, state senator, niece of 1583:. University of Delaware Press. pp. 148–. 756: 738: 714: 536: 431: 421: 291:-speaking Indigenous nation established in the 40: 2258:. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2001 1122:, Governor of the Chickasaw Nation (1963–1987) 577:and relocate west of the Mississippi River to 6398: 6138: 5927: 5689: 5452: 5224: 4939: 4709: 4422: 4139: 3899: 3506: 3139: 2718: 2359: 2284:"TREATY WITH THE CHOCTAW AND CHICKASAW, 1866" 2273:"TREATY WITH THE CHOCTAW AND CHICKASAW, 1854" 2254:Johnson, Neil R.; C. Neil Kingsley (editor). 1821: 1819: 1677:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 112. 1249:Office of the Governor | The Chickasaw Nation 1005:, governor of the Chickasaw Nation since 1987 960:, Newcastle Travel Gaming, RiverStar Casino, 829:counties in Oklahoma. The tribal governor is 8: 4776: 1918:"Who We Are | Chickasaw Community Bank" 1833: 1831: 1606:Georgia Speculation Unveiled; In Two Numbers 6475: 6205: 5756: 5006: 1334:"Geographic Information | Chickasaw Nation" 1245:"The Chickasaw Nation 2023 Progress Report" 722: 607:, virtually no Chickasaw lived west of the 6724:States and territories established in 1856 6405: 6391: 6383: 6145: 6131: 6123: 5934: 5920: 5912: 5696: 5682: 5674: 5531: 5459: 5445: 5437: 5231: 5217: 5209: 4946: 4932: 4924: 4716: 4702: 4694: 4429: 4415: 4407: 4146: 4132: 4124: 3906: 3892: 3884: 3513: 3499: 3491: 3146: 3132: 3124: 3111: 2725: 2711: 2703: 2366: 2352: 2344: 2215:"Business Is Booming for Chickasaw Nation" 32: 6000: 4222: 3588: 2183:Chickasaw Nation Media Relations Office. 777:. Their tribal jurisdictional area is in 773:The Chickasaw Nation is headquartered in 135:Tishomingo, Oklahoma (Historically); now 6709:American Indian reservations in Oklahoma 4505: 3206: 1799:Chickasaw: Unconquered and Unconquerable 1100:, first Governor of the Chickasaw nation 6704:1856 establishments in Indian Territory 6661: 5291: 3981: 2124:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. 1855: 1853: 1608:, New Haven: Elisha Babcock, p. 42 1212: 249: 233: 195: 183: 170: 157: 142: 130: 112: 93: 65: 27:Native American tribe based in Oklahoma 1760: 1758: 167:7,648 sq mi (19,810 km) 2057:. University of North Carolina Press. 1802:. Graphic Arts Center Publishing Co. 1675:Oklahoma: A History of Five Centuries 1651:"The Chickasaw Villages & Nation" 1239: 1237: 1033:(1883–1940), movie actor and director 212: 175: 162: 147: 7: 1949:"Carter, Charles David (1868–1929)." 1150:, quarterback for the Miami Dolphins 627:). The first Chickasaw governor was 2474:Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws 2227:"Mission, Vision & Core Values" 2176:Southern Plains Tribal Health Board 2000:. Hof.chickasaw.net. Archived from 1777:2011: 8. Retrieved January 2, 2012. 1775:Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. 1624:The History of the American Indians 1054:, U.S. Congressman from Mississippi 476:European contact, 16th–17th century 6719:Native American tribes in Oklahoma 6671:Indigenous peoples of the Americas 6413:Municipalities and communities of 6153:Municipalities and communities of 5942:Municipalities and communities of 5704:Municipalities and communities of 5467:Municipalities and communities of 5239:Municipalities and communities of 4954:Municipalities and communities of 4724:Municipalities and communities of 4437:Municipalities and communities of 4154:Municipalities and communities of 3914:Municipalities and communities of 3521:Municipalities and communities of 3154:Municipalities and communities of 3040:Fox (Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo) 2213:Ellis, Randy (December 12, 2017). 2053:Ethridge, Robbie Franklyn (2013). 1893:"Press Release | Chickasaw Nation" 611:, due to continual raiding by the 456:developed around 800 CE along the 25: 2486:Chickasaw Nation v. United States 2288:Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties 2277:Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties 1869:. January 4, 2013. Archived from 1255:from the original on May 21, 2024 1195:, educator, journalist, publisher 1048:, U. S. Congressman from Oklahoma 1021:, literary and political theorist 889:; Chickasaw Nation Industries in 6676: 6664: 2734: 893:; Global Gaming Solutions, LLC; 732:the One sitting / dwelling above 95: 80: 70: 1144:, civil engineer and politician 2325:Chickasaw Nation Video Network 2025:"Oklahoma State Senate - News" 1936:Largs and Millport Weekly News 1168:, sociologist and winner of a 709:Religion and cultural practice 565:, in 1818. This area included 1: 2554:White House of the Chickasaws 2544:Savannah Town, South Carolina 2138:The American Indian Quarterly 2076:10.1016/j.langcom.2015.04.005 1476:. Columbia University Press. 1251:. March 25, 2024. p. 3. 1170:MacArthur "Genius" Fellowship 847:Governor Anoatubby appointed 588:Map of Chickasaw Nation, 1891 2261:(Revision of 1960 edition). 2064:Language & Communication 1560:Georgia Historical Quarterly 1181:Jerod Impichchaachaaha' Tate 2206:Oklahoma Historical Society 1577:George R. Lamplugh (1986). 1073:, U.S. Congressman, son of 6805: 6754:Jefferson County, Oklahoma 4727:Jefferson County, Oklahoma 1134:, businessman, founder of 1082:(1908–1996), visual artist 757: 739: 715: 594:Indian Removal Act of 1830 517:American Revolutionary War 41: 6789:Stephens County, Oklahoma 6784:Pontotoc County, Oklahoma 6774:Marshall County, Oklahoma 6759:Johnston County, Oklahoma 6624: 6472: 6427: 6416:Stephens County, Oklahoma 6358: 6202: 6167: 6156:Pontotoc County, Oklahoma 6098: 5997: 5956: 5887: 5753: 5718: 5707:Marshall County, Oklahoma 5649: 5528: 5481: 5412: 5288: 5253: 5184: 5003: 4968: 4957:Johnston County, Oklahoma 4899: 4773: 4738: 4669: 4502: 4451: 4382: 4219: 4168: 4099: 3978: 3928: 3859: 3585: 3535: 3466: 3203: 3168: 3121: 2519:Chickasaw Nation Capitols 2509:Chickasaw Cultural Center 1954:November 2, 2012, at the 1649:Cook, Stephen R. (2022). 1626:. London: Dilly. p. 1397:African American Registry 1094:, storyteller and actress 934:Chickasaw Nation Capitols 666:During the 1960s and the 407:Muskogean language family 94: 66: 57: 6769:McClain County, Oklahoma 5470:McClain County, Oklahoma 2282:Kappler, Charles (ed.). 2271:Kappler, Charles (ed.). 1604:Bishop, Abraham (1797), 1512:doi:10.1017/aaq.2019.31. 1015:, pro-wrestling tag team 575:Treaty of Pontotoc Creek 6779:Murray County, Oklahoma 6744:Garvin County, Oklahoma 6734:Carter County, Oklahoma 5945:Murray County, Oklahoma 4157:Garvin County, Oklahoma 3524:Carter County, Oklahoma 3005:Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe) 2245:10.1109/HICSS.2014.417. 1770:April 24, 2012, at the 1175:Eula Pearl Carter Scott 769:Government and politics 650:20th century to present 489:René-Robert de La Salle 432: 422: 307:The Chickasaw Nation’s 274: 119:; 168 years ago 6749:Grady County, Oklahoma 6729:Bryan County, Oklahoma 6480: 6210: 6005: 5761: 5536: 5296: 5011: 4781: 4510: 4440:Grady County, Oklahoma 4227: 3986: 3593: 3211: 3157:Bryan County, Oklahoma 2741:Native American tribes 2656:Treasure Valley Casino 2330:July 18, 2014, at the 2306:Chronicles of Oklahoma 1183:, composer and pianist 1060:(1922–2004), mayor of 972:, Washita Casino, and 966:Treasure Valley Casino 589: 552: 532:New Haven, Connecticut 454:Mississippian cultures 394:of White slaveowners. 101:Location (red) in the 6764:Love County, Oklahoma 6739:Coal County, Oklahoma 6478: 6208: 6003: 5759: 5534: 5294: 5242:Love County, Oklahoma 5009: 4779: 4508: 4225: 3984: 3917:Coal County, Oklahoma 3591: 3209: 2692:Five Civilized Tribes 2631:Chisholm Trail Casino 2534:New Savannah, Georgia 2294:doi:10.2307/20070704. 2256:The Chickasaw Rancher 2150:10.1353/aiq.2004.0085 1961:Retrieved 6 May 2012. 1221:"U.S. Census website" 1193:Estelle Chisholm Ward 1162:, writer and producer 986:Remington Park Casino 950:Chisholm Trail Casino 672:Connerville, Oklahoma 668:civil rights movement 587: 388:Five Civilized Tribes 285:historical population 215: • Summer ( 149: • Governor 6637:United States portal 6371:United States portal 6111:United States portal 5900:United States portal 5662:United States portal 5425:United States portal 5197:United States portal 4912:United States portal 4780:Jefferson County map 4682:United States portal 4395:United States portal 4112:United States portal 3872:United States portal 3479:United States portal 3035:Mescalero-Chiricahua 2790:Cheyenne and Arapaho 2661:WinStar World Casino 2636:Gold Mountain Casino 2549:Tishomingo City Hall 2399:Four Mothers Society 2382:Culture and religion 1978:on November 24, 2013 1972:"TE ATA (1895-1995)" 1046:Charles David Carter 982:Grand Prairie, Texas 974:WinStar World Casino 954:Gold Mountain Casino 871:Bedré Fine Chocolate 849:Charles W. Blackwell 625:Tishomingo, Oklahoma 559:Treaty of Tuscaloosa 376:Western civilization 267:The Chickasaw Nation 117:August 30, 1856 42:Chikashsha I̠yaakni' 37:The Chickasaw Nation 18:The Chickasaw Nation 6479:Stephens County map 6325:Indian reservations 6209:Pontotoc County map 5760:Marshall County map 5151:Indian reservations 5010:Johnston County map 4066:Indian reservations 3433:Indian reservations 2404:Green Corn Ceremony 2195:on October 6, 2019. 2120:Pritzker, Barry M. 1938:. November 4, 2020. 1844:ion Oklahoma online 1496:Gorman, Joshua M.; 1126:Douglas H. Johnston 944:, Artesian Casino, 838:democratic republic 752:Green Corn Festival 657:Douglas H. Johnston 276:Chikashsha I̠yaakni 6597:Indian reservation 6481: 6211: 6071:Indian reservation 6006: 5860:Indian reservation 5762: 5622:Indian reservation 5537: 5535:McClain County map 5385:Indian reservation 5297: 5012: 4872:Indian reservation 4782: 4642:Indian reservation 4511: 4355:Indian reservation 4228: 3987: 3832:Indian reservation 3594: 3212: 2805:Citizen Potawatomi 2504:Bloomfield Academy 2464:Treaty of Hopewell 2321:, official website 2300:Wright, Muriel H. 2172:"Chickasaw Nation" 1873:on January 8, 2013 883:The Artesian Hotel 590: 521:Yazoo land scandal 497:American Southwest 405:’) belongs to the 399:Chickasaw language 293:American Southeast 177: • Total 164: • Total 60:Indian reservation 30:Indian reservation 6652: 6651: 6646: 6645: 6380: 6379: 6120: 6119: 6004:Murray County map 5909: 5908: 5671: 5670: 5434: 5433: 5206: 5205: 4921: 4920: 4691: 4690: 4404: 4403: 4226:Garvin County map 4121: 4120: 3881: 3880: 3592:Carter County map 3488: 3487: 3108: 3107: 3030:Hitchiti-Mikasuki 2770:Alabama-Quassarte 2700: 2699: 2621:Black Gold Casino 2616:Ada Gaming Center 2529:Kullihoma Grounds 2267:978-0-87081-635-2 2130:978-0-19-513877-1 2004:on August 8, 2016 1809:978-1-55868-992-3 1590:978-0-87413-288-5 1483:978-0-231-50602-1 1372:www.okhistory.org 1199:Kevin K. Washburn 968:, Texoma Casino, 948:, Border Casino, 946:Black Gold Casino 942:Ada Gaming Center 938:Kullihoma Grounds 571:western Tennessee 511:18th–19th century 458:Mississippi River 281:Indigenous nation 264: 263: 16:(Redirected from 6796: 6699:Chickasaw Nation 6681: 6680: 6679: 6669: 6668: 6667: 6660: 6638: 6631: 6605:Chickasaw Nation 6477: 6439: 6432: 6422: 6417: 6407: 6400: 6393: 6384: 6372: 6365: 6333:Chickasaw Nation 6207: 6179: 6172: 6162: 6157: 6147: 6140: 6133: 6124: 6112: 6105: 6079:Chickasaw Nation 6002: 5968: 5961: 5951: 5946: 5936: 5929: 5922: 5913: 5901: 5894: 5868:Chickasaw Nation 5758: 5730: 5723: 5713: 5708: 5698: 5691: 5684: 5675: 5663: 5656: 5630:Chickasaw Nation 5533: 5493: 5486: 5476: 5471: 5461: 5454: 5447: 5438: 5426: 5419: 5393:Chickasaw Nation 5293: 5265: 5258: 5248: 5243: 5233: 5226: 5219: 5210: 5198: 5191: 5159:Chickasaw Nation 5008: 4980: 4973: 4963: 4958: 4948: 4941: 4934: 4925: 4913: 4906: 4880:Chickasaw Nation 4778: 4750: 4743: 4733: 4728: 4718: 4711: 4704: 4695: 4683: 4676: 4650:Chickasaw Nation 4509:Grady County map 4507: 4463: 4456: 4446: 4441: 4431: 4424: 4417: 4408: 4396: 4389: 4363:Chickasaw Nation 4224: 4180: 4173: 4163: 4158: 4148: 4141: 4134: 4125: 4113: 4106: 4074:Chickasaw Nation 3983: 3940: 3933: 3923: 3918: 3908: 3901: 3894: 3885: 3873: 3866: 3840:Chickasaw Nation 3708:Dripping Springs 3590: 3547: 3540: 3530: 3525: 3515: 3508: 3501: 3492: 3480: 3473: 3441:Chickasaw Nation 3210:Bryan County map 3208: 3180: 3173: 3163: 3158: 3148: 3141: 3134: 3125: 3112: 2960:Tribal languages 2940:United Keetoowah 2870:Muscogee (Creek) 2830:Fort Sill Apache 2765:Absentee Shawnee 2739: 2738: 2727: 2720: 2713: 2704: 2651:SaltCreek Casino 2646:Riverwind Casino 2641:Newcastle Casino 2514:Chickasaw Nation 2435:Chickasaw Nation 2368: 2361: 2354: 2345: 2319:Chickasaw Nation 2234: 2231:Chickasaw Nation 2222: 2209: 2196: 2191:. Archived from 2189:Chickasaw Nation 2179: 2178:. June 24, 2017. 2161: 2108: 2079: 2058: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2020: 2014: 2013: 2011: 2009: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1974:. Archived from 1968: 1962: 1946: 1940: 1939: 1928: 1922: 1921: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1857: 1848: 1847: 1835: 1826: 1823: 1814: 1813: 1793: 1787: 1784: 1778: 1762: 1753: 1750: 1744: 1741: 1735: 1732: 1726: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1708: 1705: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1670: 1664: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1555: 1549: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1531: 1528: 1522: 1519: 1513: 1509: 1503: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1467: 1461: 1458: 1447: 1444: 1438: 1435: 1429: 1426: 1417: 1414: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1364: 1358: 1355: 1349: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1330: 1324: 1321: 1315: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1296: 1290: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1279:Chickasaw Nation 1271: 1265: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1241: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1217: 1166:Rebecca Sandefur 976:. They also own 970:SaltCreek Casino 962:Riverwind Casino 958:Newcastle Casino 760: 759: 742: 741: 736: 733: 730: 727: 724: 720: 719: 699:Choctaw language 695:Chikashshanompa’ 579:Indian Territory 567:western Kentucky 563:Jackson Purchase 481:Hernando de Soto 435: 433:Inchokka' Lhipa' 429: 334:Jefferson County 260: 257: 220: 127: 125: 120: 99: 84: 74: 52: 44: 43: 33: 21: 6804: 6803: 6799: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6793: 6689: 6688: 6687: 6677: 6675: 6665: 6663: 6655: 6653: 6648: 6647: 6642: 6636: 6630:Oklahoma portal 6629: 6620: 6610: 6591: 6573: 6545: 6538: 6520: 6482: 6470: 6442: 6437: 6430: 6423: 6420: 6415: 6411: 6381: 6376: 6370: 6364:Oklahoma portal 6363: 6354: 6344: 6319: 6296: 6289: 6256: 6212: 6200: 6182: 6177: 6170: 6163: 6160: 6155: 6151: 6121: 6116: 6110: 6104:Oklahoma portal 6103: 6094: 6084: 6065: 6037: 6030: 6007: 5995: 5971: 5966: 5959: 5952: 5949: 5944: 5940: 5910: 5905: 5899: 5893:Oklahoma portal 5892: 5883: 5873: 5854: 5826: 5819: 5786: 5763: 5751: 5733: 5728: 5721: 5714: 5711: 5706: 5702: 5672: 5667: 5661: 5655:Oklahoma portal 5654: 5645: 5635: 5616: 5593: 5586: 5538: 5526: 5496: 5491: 5484: 5477: 5474: 5469: 5465: 5435: 5430: 5424: 5418:Oklahoma portal 5417: 5408: 5398: 5379: 5351: 5344: 5321: 5298: 5295:Love County map 5286: 5268: 5263: 5256: 5249: 5246: 5241: 5237: 5207: 5202: 5196: 5190:Oklahoma portal 5189: 5180: 5170: 5145: 5112: 5105: 5057: 5013: 5001: 4983: 4978: 4971: 4964: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4922: 4917: 4911: 4905:Oklahoma portal 4904: 4895: 4885: 4866: 4838: 4831: 4783: 4771: 4753: 4748: 4741: 4734: 4731: 4726: 4722: 4692: 4687: 4681: 4675:Oklahoma portal 4674: 4665: 4655: 4636: 4613: 4595: 4588: 4570: 4512: 4500: 4466: 4461: 4454: 4447: 4444: 4439: 4435: 4405: 4400: 4394: 4388:Oklahoma portal 4387: 4378: 4368: 4349: 4331: 4302: 4295: 4277: 4229: 4217: 4183: 4178: 4171: 4164: 4161: 4156: 4152: 4122: 4117: 4111: 4105:Oklahoma portal 4104: 4095: 4085: 4060: 4042: 4035: 4012: 3988: 3985:Coal County map 3976: 3943: 3938: 3931: 3924: 3921: 3916: 3912: 3882: 3877: 3871: 3865:Oklahoma portal 3864: 3855: 3845: 3826: 3808: 3658: 3651: 3633: 3595: 3583: 3550: 3545: 3538: 3531: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3489: 3484: 3478: 3472:Oklahoma portal 3471: 3462: 3452: 3427: 3399: 3336: 3329: 3286: 3213: 3201: 3183: 3178: 3171: 3164: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3117: 3109: 3104: 2962: 2954: 2825:Eastern Shawnee 2815:Delaware Nation 2756: 2754: 2747: 2733: 2731: 2701: 2696: 2665: 2604: 2558: 2492: 2479:Atoka Agreement 2423: 2377: 2372: 2332:Wayback Machine 2315: 2241: 2239:Further reading 2225: 2212: 2200:Pate, James P. 2199: 2182: 2170: 2135: 2082: 2061: 2052: 2046: 2041: 2040: 2030: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2017: 2007: 2005: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1981: 1979: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1956:Wayback Machine 1947: 1943: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1901: 1899: 1891: 1890: 1886: 1876: 1874: 1859: 1858: 1851: 1837: 1836: 1829: 1824: 1817: 1810: 1795: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1781: 1772:Wayback Machine 1763: 1756: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1696: 1692: 1685: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1648: 1647: 1643: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1591: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1506: 1495: 1491: 1484: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1420: 1415: 1411: 1401: 1399: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1376: 1374: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1342: 1340: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1308: 1306: 1304:Britannica Kids 1298: 1297: 1293: 1283: 1281: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1258: 1256: 1243: 1242: 1235: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1104:John Herrington 1052:Travis Childers 1025:Stephanie Byers 998: 866: 854:Native American 771: 734: 731: 728: 725: 711: 692: 687: 652: 513: 478: 451: 446: 403:Chikashshanompa 384:White Americans 362:Stephens County 358:Pontotoc County 350:Marshall County 338:Johnston County 254: 214: 123: 121: 118: 109: 90: 89: 88: 87: 78: 77: 62: 53: 46: 38: 31: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6802: 6800: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6685: 6673: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6640: 6633: 6625: 6622: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6608: 6601: 6599: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6589: 6583: 6581: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6550: 6548: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6536: 6530: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6492: 6490: 6484: 6483: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6452: 6450: 6444: 6443: 6428: 6425: 6424: 6412: 6410: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6387: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6367: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6342: 6339:Choctaw Nation 6336: 6329: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6301: 6299: 6291: 6290: 6288: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6266: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6222: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6203: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6192: 6190: 6184: 6183: 6168: 6165: 6164: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6142: 6135: 6127: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6114: 6107: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6082: 6075: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6042: 6040: 6036:Unincorporated 6032: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6017: 6015: 6009: 6008: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5988: 5981: 5979: 5973: 5972: 5957: 5954: 5953: 5941: 5939: 5938: 5931: 5924: 5916: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5896: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5871: 5864: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5831: 5829: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5796: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5779: 5773: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5743: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5703: 5701: 5700: 5693: 5686: 5678: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5665: 5658: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5633: 5626: 5624: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5598: 5596: 5592:Unincorporated 5588: 5587: 5585: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5548: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5524: 5518: 5513: 5506: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5482: 5479: 5478: 5466: 5464: 5463: 5456: 5449: 5441: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5428: 5421: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5389: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5356: 5354: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5342: 5337: 5331: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5308: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5278: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5238: 5236: 5235: 5228: 5221: 5213: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5200: 5193: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5168: 5165:Choctaw Nation 5162: 5155: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5117: 5115: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5067: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5023: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4999: 4993: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4969: 4966: 4965: 4953: 4951: 4950: 4943: 4936: 4928: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4915: 4908: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4876: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4843: 4841: 4837:Unincorporated 4833: 4832: 4830: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4793: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4769: 4763: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4723: 4721: 4720: 4713: 4706: 4698: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4678: 4670: 4667: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4646: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4623: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4611: 4606: 4600: 4598: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4580: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4522: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4476: 4474: 4468: 4467: 4452: 4449: 4448: 4436: 4434: 4433: 4426: 4419: 4411: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4398: 4391: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4366: 4359: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4347: 4341: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4329: 4324: 4318: 4313: 4307: 4305: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4287: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4239: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4193: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4153: 4151: 4150: 4143: 4136: 4128: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4108: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4083: 4080:Choctaw Nation 4077: 4070: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4047: 4045: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4033: 4028: 4022: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4010: 4005: 3998: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3953: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3913: 3911: 3910: 3903: 3896: 3888: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3868: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3843: 3836: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3818: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3663: 3661: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3649: 3643: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3605: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3560: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3520: 3518: 3517: 3510: 3503: 3495: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3475: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3450: 3447:Choctaw Nation 3444: 3437: 3435: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3409: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3341: 3339: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3296: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3223: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3193: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3143: 3136: 3128: 3122: 3119: 3118: 3115: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2966: 2964: 2963:(still spoken) 2956: 2955: 2953: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2880:Otoe-Missouria 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2820:Delaware Tribe 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2761: 2759: 2749: 2748: 2732: 2730: 2729: 2722: 2715: 2707: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2612: 2610: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2524:Fort Jefferson 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2490: 2482: 2476: 2471: 2469:Trail of Tears 2466: 2461: 2458:Ex parte Joins 2454: 2453: 2452: 2447: 2440:Chickasaw Wars 2437: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2370: 2363: 2356: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2335: 2334:- Chickasaw.TV 2322: 2314: 2313:External links 2311: 2310: 2309: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2280: 2269: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2235: 2223: 2210: 2197: 2180: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2144:(3): 758–780. 2133: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2097:10.2307/481307 2080: 2059: 2050: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2027:. Oksenate.gov 2015: 1989: 1963: 1941: 1923: 1909: 1884: 1849: 1827: 1815: 1808: 1788: 1779: 1754: 1745: 1736: 1727: 1718: 1709: 1700: 1690: 1683: 1665: 1656: 1641: 1611: 1596: 1589: 1569: 1550: 1541: 1532: 1523: 1514: 1504: 1489: 1482: 1462: 1448: 1439: 1430: 1418: 1409: 1384: 1359: 1350: 1325: 1316: 1291: 1266: 1233: 1211: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1178: 1172: 1163: 1157: 1151: 1145: 1139: 1129: 1123: 1117: 1111: 1101: 1095: 1089: 1086:Hiawatha Estes 1083: 1077: 1068: 1055: 1049: 1043: 1037:Jeff Carpenter 1034: 1028: 1022: 1016: 1006: 1003:Bill Anoatubby 999: 997: 996:Notable people 994: 978:Lone Star Park 932:including the 865: 862: 831:Bill Anoatubby 770: 767: 758:Aba' Binni'li' 740:Aba' Binni'li' 717:Aba' Binni'li' 710: 707: 691: 688: 686: 683: 651: 648: 642:Following the 617:98th meridians 613:Plains Indians 605:100th meridian 598:Choctaw Nation 528:Abraham Bishop 512: 509: 493:Henri de Tonti 477: 474: 450: 447: 445: 442: 346:McClain County 262: 261: 252: 248: 247: 238: 232: 231: 221: 211: 210: 200: 194: 193: 188: 182: 181: 178: 174: 173: 169: 168: 165: 161: 160: 156: 155: 153:Bill Anoatubby 150: 146: 145: 141: 140: 139:(1907-present) 133: 129: 128: 115: 111: 110: 100: 92: 91: 85: 79: 75: 69: 68: 67: 64: 63: 58: 55: 54: 39: 36: 29: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6801: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6684: 6674: 6672: 6662: 6658: 6639: 6634: 6632: 6627: 6626: 6623: 6617: 6613: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6594: 6588: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6576: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6541: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6523: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6485: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6440: 6433: 6426: 6421:United States 6418: 6408: 6403: 6401: 6396: 6394: 6389: 6388: 6385: 6373: 6368: 6366: 6361: 6360: 6357: 6351: 6347: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6322: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6292: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6259: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6215: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6180: 6173: 6166: 6161:United States 6158: 6148: 6143: 6141: 6136: 6134: 6129: 6128: 6125: 6113: 6108: 6106: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6091: 6087: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6068: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6033: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6016: 6014: 6010: 5992: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5969: 5962: 5955: 5950:United States 5947: 5937: 5932: 5930: 5925: 5923: 5918: 5917: 5914: 5902: 5897: 5895: 5890: 5889: 5886: 5880: 5876: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5845:New Woodville 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5822: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5731: 5724: 5717: 5712:United States 5709: 5699: 5694: 5692: 5687: 5685: 5680: 5679: 5676: 5664: 5659: 5657: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5642: 5638: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5589: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5541: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5494: 5487: 5480: 5475:United States 5472: 5462: 5457: 5455: 5450: 5448: 5443: 5442: 5439: 5427: 5422: 5420: 5415: 5414: 5411: 5405: 5401: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5259: 5252: 5247:United States 5244: 5234: 5229: 5227: 5222: 5220: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5199: 5194: 5192: 5187: 5186: 5183: 5177: 5173: 5166: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5148: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5016: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4981: 4974: 4967: 4962:United States 4959: 4949: 4944: 4942: 4937: 4935: 4930: 4929: 4926: 4914: 4909: 4907: 4902: 4901: 4898: 4892: 4888: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4834: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4751: 4744: 4737: 4732:United States 4729: 4719: 4714: 4712: 4707: 4705: 4700: 4699: 4696: 4684: 4679: 4677: 4672: 4671: 4668: 4662: 4658: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4616: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4591: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4573: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4464: 4457: 4450: 4445:United States 4442: 4432: 4427: 4425: 4420: 4418: 4413: 4412: 4409: 4397: 4392: 4390: 4385: 4384: 4381: 4375: 4371: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4346: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4181: 4174: 4167: 4162:United States 4159: 4149: 4144: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4130: 4129: 4126: 4114: 4109: 4107: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4092: 4088: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3934: 3927: 3922:United States 3919: 3909: 3904: 3902: 3897: 3895: 3890: 3889: 3886: 3874: 3869: 3867: 3862: 3861: 3858: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3829: 3823: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3811: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3682:Caldwell Hill 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 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824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 775:Ada, Oklahoma 768: 766: 764: 753: 748: 744: 718: 708: 706: 702: 700: 696: 689: 684: 682: 679: 677: 676:Overton James 673: 669: 664: 660: 658: 649: 647: 645: 640: 638: 634: 633:Lighthorsemen 630: 626: 620: 618: 614: 610: 609:Cross Timbers 606: 601: 599: 595: 586: 582: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 551: 549: 545: 541: 535: 533: 529: 525: 522: 518: 510: 508: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 485: 482: 475: 473: 469: 467: 463: 459: 455: 448: 443: 441: 439: 434: 428: 426: 419: 414: 412: 408: 404: 400: 395: 393: 392:in the manner 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 363: 359: 355: 354:Murray County 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 326:Garvin County 323: 319: 318:Carter County 315: 310: 305: 303: 298: 297:United States 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 277: 272: 268: 259: 253: 246: 242: 239: 237: 229: 225: 222: 218: 208: 204: 201: 199: 192: 189: 187: 179: 166: 154: 151: 138: 137:Ada, Oklahoma 134: 116: 108: 104: 98: 83: 73: 61: 56: 50: 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3932:County seat 3814:Ghost towns 3773:Pruitt City 3659:communities 3539:County seat 3405:Ghost towns 3337:communities 3172:County seat 2910:Sac and Fox 2419:Stomp dance 2070:: 100–111. 2031:November 9, 2008:November 9, 1982:November 7, 1902:October 16, 1877:January 20, 1377:October 15, 1300:"Chickasaw" 1284:October 23, 1148:Bryce Petty 1114:Linda Hogan 1088:, architect 1009:Jack Brisco 763:Stomp Dance 555:James Adair 438:matrilineal 342:Love County 322:Coal County 309:reservation 245:405 and 572 6693:Categories 6579:Ghost town 5835:Aylesworth 5800:Cumberland 5577:Washington 5340:Greenville 5043:Mill Creek 5033:Mannsville 4997:Tishomingo 4979:Tishomingo 4584:Middleberg 4337:Ghost town 4031:Cottonwood 3957:Centrahoma 3758:Pooleville 3697:Countyline 3614:Gene Autry 3574:Lone Grove 3320:Sand Point 3310:Cartwright 3237:Bennington 3070:Potawatomi 2755:recognized 2682:Chakchiuma 2428:Government 1402:August 21, 1309:August 21, 1275:"Homeland" 1259:August 20, 1207:References 1187:Fred Waite 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289:Chickasaw 271:Chickasaw 256:chickasaw 224:UTC−05:00 203:UTC−06:00 198:Time zone 191:Chickasaw 49:Chickasaw 6683:Oklahoma 6569:Santa Fe 6564:Meridian 6456:Comanche 6237:Fitzhugh 5840:McMillan 5777:Kingston 5572:Rosedale 5375:Rubottom 5282:Marietta 5264:Marietta 5121:Fillmore 5096:Pontotoc 4812:Ringling 4807:Hastings 4604:Cox City 4556:Pocasset 4546:Ninnekah 4291:Hennepin 4008:Phillips 3962:Coalgate 3939:Coalgate 3799:Woodford 3768:Provence 3763:Post Oak 3748:Oil City 3624:Springer 3569:Healdton 3418:Hatsboro 3242:Bokchito 3116:Counties 3045:Muscogee 3020:Delaware 3015:Comanche 2995:Cheyenne 2990:Cherokee 2915:Seminole 2850:Kickapoo 2845:Kialegee 2810:Comanche 2785:Cherokee 2745:Oklahoma 2539:Old Town 2389:Language 2328:Archived 1952:Archived 1768:Archived 1622:(1775). 1253:Archived 1154:Piomingo 1132:Tom Love 1071:Tom Cole 827:Stephens 823:Pontotoc 815:Marshall 803:Johnston 690:Language 430:and the 418:moieties 372:superior 279:) is an 107:Oklahoma 6657:Portals 6280:Pickett 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