499:, had directed one short film and intended to expand his role in the film industry, namely as a producer. De Leon had just put up a new production company, Cinema Artists, and was in the process of seeking out projects. Eventually, De Leon remembered of Del Mundo's trial adaptation. Having been friends since their days at Ateneo de Manila, De Leon contacted Del Mundo with the idea of producing the latter's spec script. Del Mundo, who just returned from his four-year course in Kansas, gave De Leon his blessing and agreed to further polish the screenplay. "It was the right time," Del Mundo recalls.
355:, as he stares at a peculiar building from a distance. While pursuing his quest, he has to work to survive urban life. At first, Julio lands a job as a construction worker. In the site, he befriends Atong, a fellow worker who was hired some five weeks before. Another co-worker advises Julio that city life is quite difficult unless one has the income to enjoy urban comforts. Julio begins to slowly observe the harsh reality of society, culminating to the accidental death of a worker.
544:, who had previously acted in Brocka's films, initially played the lead role of Julio Madiaga. Having already participated in several days of shooting, Ilagan was asked to drop out of the production when Brocka became dissatisfied with the performance. Upon viewing the dailies, Brocka was convinced that Ilagan, who had a very healthy appearance, did not meet his vision of Julio—a pitiful vagrant that wades in and around the urban gutters. The role was re-cast with newcomer
473:, which was supposed to be a major assignment, by the middle of the semester; earlier than what was expected. His professor, Nestor Torre, requested him to make another screenplay as way of filling in the extra time. Because he had just written an original screenplay, Del Mundo tried his hand at adapting a literary source for a change. He chose Reyes' story, already a novel by then, as the subject for his next assignment. After turning in the
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tries to approach her, but before he can even say anything, the lady shrieks in distress. Julio flees to prevent making a scene, running back to Atong and leaving the marketplace with him. This is followed by other occasions of spotting Mrs. Cruz, leading Julio to discover that Ligaya was brought to Manila for
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Enraged, Julio stalks Ah-Tek, whom he saw at Ligaya's funeral. The following night, Julio goes to Ah-Tek's house and kills him to avenge the death of Ligaya. Afterwards, a mob pursues, corners and strikes the fearful Julio. A heavenly silhouette of Ligaya is shown as the film fades to white, then sky blue.
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Despondent, Julio returns to Pol's home, where he's been staying. Pol informs him the next day that Ligaya died that night - she allegedly fell down a flight of stairs, but her bruising suggests she was killed by Ah-Tek, the man who rented her from Mrs. Cruz and kept her and their baby imprisoned.
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One day, while Julio and Atong shop for clothes in the marketplace, a woman dressed in black and wearing sunglasses catches Julio's attention. She reminds him of Mrs. Cruz, the woman who brought his girlfriend, Ligaya, to Manila for schooling. Julio runs through the crowd to follow the woman. He
567:, a former matinee idol famous for playing angst-ridden romantic leads in LVN's teen rebel pictures, was cast against type as the wise and sympathetic Atong. Character actor Tommy Yap was cast as the rarely-seen antagonist, Ah-Tek. Yap would later appear—albeit less significantly—in Brocka's
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The musical stars Arman Ferrer as Julio
Madiaga; Shiela Valderrama-Martinez as Ligaya Paraiso (with Lara Maigue as alternate); Floyd Tena as Pol; Noel Rayos as Atong; Aicelle Santons as Perla (with Rita Daniela as alternate); Dulce as Mrs. Cruz (with Ima Castro as alternate).
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made it a "NYT Critics' Pick" and wrote, "The movie's palpable, deeply lived-in realism is among its great attractions, largely because the film isn't just a story about a young
Filipino Everyman, but because it's also a de facto record of Manila in the 1970s." Inkoo Kang of
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dictatorship and included homosexual themes not present in the original source. "Brocka understood the popular audience well," Del Mundo says. "He suggested additions to the screenplay to make it more commercial. It was fun working with him, although he was quite emotional."
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as Atong - A construction worker Julio befriends. Atong serves as Julio's guide to the plight of the working class; and in effect Manila, helping him cope with the unpleasantness of the city . He later gets wrongfully arrested and meets his demise at the hands of fellow
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Julio eventually locates Ligaya, and she explains everything that's happened to her since leaving home. Julio plans with Ligaya to return to
Marinduque with her four-month old baby. They agree to meet at Arranque market, but she fails to appear at the appointed time.
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Juling
Bagabaldo as Mrs. Cruz - One of the antagonists of the story. An unsavory character who recruits unsuspecting, young provincial women to her prostitution ring. It was speculated by Julio that "Mrs. Cruz" may not even be her real name, but rather an
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A stage adaption of the film was released in 2017, directed by Joel
Lamangan. It was presented by Grand Leisure Corporation and features music by Von de Guzman, choreography by Douglas Nierras, and production design by Jun Flavier Pablo.
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as Julio
Madiaga - The 21-year-old protagonist who hails from Marinduque, wandering Manila in search of his lover, Ligaya. He starts the narrative as a patient, if naive, character; only to gradually transform into a weary and vengeful
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succeeds where so many political allegories fail: With ethical and emotional sophistication, it dramatizes the suffering of the disadvantaged with characters that feel individual yet archetypal." Meanwhile, Jose Capino, writing for
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as Ligaya
Paraiso - The betrothed of Julio. She was brought away to Manila with the thought of getting proper education, only to wind up getting entrapped in sexual slavery. Her name literally translates to "joyful
363:. He continues encountering various people in Manila, including callboys (male prostitutes) and family members of co-workers, and reunites with former workmate Pol, who supported him earlier and was a good friend.
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as Pol - A friend of Julio who also acts as his confidant. He serves as Julio's guide to the impoverished districts of Manila. Steadfast and loyal, Pol also offers his help and gives advice to Julio whenever
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Pancho
Pelagio as Mr. Balajadia - One of the antagonists of the story. He is the foreman of the construction site Julio worked in. Arrogant and selfish, he often treated his subordinates unfairly.
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was produced with a modest budget. Principal photography occurred in 1974. The film was shot on actual locations around the vicinity of Manila, to better capture the authenticity of the city.
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is one of the few
Filipino films that has been consistently placed among the world's top 100 films of all time. It is the only film from the Philippines that entered in the list of the book,
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Pio de Castro as Imo - A colleague of Julio from the construction site. He was initially poor at the start of the narrative, but has later improved his lifestyle.
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for a mission to find his lover Ligaya. While making plans for his mission, he has to survive the conditions in the capital city, contending with issues like
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as part of the Cinema
Classics section and was released in the Philippines on August 7, 2013. The restored film was released on DVD and Blu-Ray as part of
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Jojo Abella as Bobby - A call boy Julio befriends. He serves as Julio's guide to the world of male prostitution. An attraction towards Julio is implied.
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rated it 4/5 stars and wrote that it is "widely (and understandably) considered one of the pinnacles of Filipino cinema". Alan Jones of
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in the part. Prior to this film, Roco's only foray in to acting was a relatively small role in Brocka's previous film,
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and editing by brothers Edgardo and Ike Jarlego. It tells the story of JĂşlio Madiaga, a young man from the province of
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Newly restored "Maynila sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag" (Manila in the Claws of Light) to premier in Cannes Film Festival 2013
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is the first and currently the only Southeast Asian film to receive a sole Criterion release.
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re-enrolled in his alma mater to take a short course in film writing. There, he wrote
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The adaptation in to film originally started out life as a writing exercise. In 1970,
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who bought Ligaya from Mrs. Cruz's prostitution ring and made her his kept woman.
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Tommy Yap as Ah-Tek - One of the antagonists of the story. He is an unscrupulous
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by voters, especially the locals and international filmmakers and critics.
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magazine from 1966 to 1967, and was later published into a novel.
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as Omeng - Another colleague of Julio from the construction site.
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It was shown as part of the Cannes Classics section of the
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in 1970. From time to time, Julio passes by the corner of
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rated it 4.5/5 stars and called the film a precursor to
853:"Fields of Vision – Ten Best Filipino Films Up to 1990"
709:/ L'Immagine Ritrovata laboratory, in association with
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marked what would become the first lead role for Roco.
505:, who had just received acclaim for his previous work,
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Lipa "Arandia" Massacre: Lord, Deliver Us from Evil
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Manila in the Claws of Light: A Proletarian Inferno
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1634:Manila Kingpin: The Asiong Salonga Story
1050:"Cannes Classics 2013 line-up unveiled"
798:Labastilla, Skilty C. (November 2017).
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659:1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die
1463:Andrea, Paano Ba ang Maging Isang Ina?
1942:(segment "Katumbas ng Kahapon", 1989)
883:"Manila In The Claws Of Light (1975)"
863:from the original on February 2, 2017
721:. The restored film premiered at the
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1376:Pagputi Ng Uwak... Pag-itim Ng Tagak
909:Dargis, Manohla (February 5, 2014).
301:The film features cinematography by
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1143:an essay by José B. Capino at the
993:Uhlich, Keith (February 4, 2015).
832:from the original on June 13, 2021
563:. for the role of Ligaya Paraiso.
448:. It was originally serialized in
333:greatest Filipino film of all time
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1961:Kailan Mahuhugasan ang Kasalanan?
1626:Ang Tanging Ina Mo (Last na 'To!)
2056:Films based on Philippine novels
1275:Geron Busabos: Ang Batang Quiapo
1021:Jones, Alan (February 1, 2014).
937:Kang, Inkoo (February 5, 2014).
800:"On Film Polls and Pinoy Rebyu"
525:Maynila, sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag
251:Maynila, sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag
1471:Ang Totoong Buhay ni Pacita M.
1344:Maynila sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag
1023:"Manila in the Claws of Light"
995:"Manila in the Claws of Light"
965:Capino, Jose (June 12, 2018).
440:The film is based on a story,
35:Maynila sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag
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2051:Films directed by Lino Brocka
1946:Babangon Ako't Dudurugin Kita
1682:Balangiga: Howling Wilderness
1455:Bilangin ang Bituin sa Langit
271:from a screenplay written by
2046:Films based on short fiction
1817:Manila in the Claws of Light
1658:Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo
1442:Saan Nagtatago ang Pag-ibig?
1181:FAMAS Award for Best Picture
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241:Manila in the Claws of Light
1499:Inagaw Mo ang Lahat sa Akin
1311:Mga Anghel na Walang Langit
1233:Hanggang Sa Dulo Ng Daigdig
1195:Ang Sawa Sa Lumang Simboryo
851:David, Joel (May 3, 2014).
534:An independent production,
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1336:Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang
817:10.52518/2017.14.2-15cmpos
715:Cinema Artists Philippines
508:Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang
278:In the Claws of Brightness
168:Cinema Artists Philippines
77:In the Claws of Brightness
1803:Weighed But Found Wanting
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723:2013 Cannes Film Festival
667:2013 Cannes Film Festival
297:, and in his film debut,
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2031:Philippine mystery films
1862:Mother, Sister, Daughter
1674:Barcelona: A Love Untold
1479:Ikaw Pa Lang ang Minahal
727:The Criterion Collection
617:The Criterion Collection
463:Clodualdo del Mundo, Jr.
192:August 7, 2013
1363:Minsa'y Isang Gamu-gamo
1201:Huk Sa Bagong Pamumuhay
699:World Cinema Foundation
353:Ongpin and Misericordia
273:Clodualdo del Mundo Jr.
182:July 16, 1975
66:Clodualdo del Mundo Jr.
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2026:Philippine drama films
1931:Natutulog Pa ang Diyos
1293:Kapag Puso'y Sinugatan
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642:Awards and recognition
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442:Sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag
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1598:Kasal, Kasali, Kasalo
1305:Pinagbuklod ng Langit
275:, based on the story
1969:Gumapang Ka sa Lusak
1909:Pasan Ko ang Daigdig
1832:My Father, My Mother
1145:Criterion Collection
479:University of Kansas
329:until its revolution
2061:Films set in Manila
1939:3 Mukha ng Pag-ibig
1486:Masahol Pa sa Hayop
1448:Ibulong Mo sa Diyos
707:Cineteca di Bologna
527:(lit. translation:
1993:Sa Kabila ng Lahat
1901:This Is My Country
1769:Films directed by
1398:Kumander Alibasbas
1281:Daigdig Ng Mga Api
916:The New York Times
729:on June 12, 2018.
611:The Claws of Light
599:The New York Times
554:The Claws of Light
536:The Claws of Light
429:mestizo de sangley
29:1975 Filipino film
18:The Claws of Light
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1855:Whore of a Mother
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1262:El Filibusterismo
1083:. August 30, 2017
1000:Time Out New York
944:The Village Voice
648:1976 FAMAS Awards
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606:The Village Voice
590:review aggregator
565:Lou Salvador, Jr.
395:Lou Salvador, Jr.
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1087:February 19,
1085:. Retrieved
1080:ABS-CBN News
1078:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1054:Screen Daily
1053:
1044:
1032:. Retrieved
1026:
1016:
1004:. Retrieved
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976:. Retrieved
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948:. Retrieved
942:
932:
920:. Retrieved
914:
904:
892:. Retrieved
886:
877:
865:. Retrieved
857:Amauteurish!
856:
846:
834:. Retrieved
807:
803:
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778:. Retrieved
764:
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719:Mike de Leon
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497:LVN Pictures
489:Mike De Leon
487:
470:
466:
456:
449:
441:
439:
369:
365:
361:prostitution
357:
342:
323:
319:prostitution
276:
267:directed by
265:mystery film
250:
240:
239:
238:
209:Running time
75:
26:
1771:Lino Brocka
1421:Ang Padrino
1227:Kalibre .45
978:December 9,
867:January 19,
686:Restoration
546:Bembol Roco
503:Lino Brocka
475:spec script
402:Tommy Abuel
295:Tommy Abuel
285:. It stars
269:Lino Brocka
222:Philippines
213:125 minutes
89:Produced by
56:Lino Brocka
52:Directed by
2016:1975 films
2010:Categories
1650:On the Job
1582:Naglalayag
1523:José Rizal
780:October 7,
756:References
542:Jay Ilagan
436:Production
391:paradise".
375:Characters
345:Marinduque
307:Marinduque
196:2013-08-07
186:1975-07-16
159:Max Jocson
1782:Santiago!
1702:Magikland
1574:Magnifico
1355:1976–2000
1207:Salabusab
1188:1952–1975
1059:April 30,
972:Criterion
826:245578823
581:Reception
461:graduate
139:Edited by
2036:Neo-noir
1796:Stardoom
1531:Muro-Ami
1123:AllMovie
861:Archived
836:June 13,
830:Archived
804:Plaridel
774:GMA News
737:See also
701:and the
451:Liwayway
398:inmates.
259:neo noir
256:Filipino
232:Filipino
228:Language
156:Music by
108:Starring
72:Based on
1977:Biktima
1825:Insiang
1726:Mallari
1507:Mumbaki
1299:Igorota
1034:May 25,
1006:May 25,
950:May 25,
922:May 25,
894:May 25,
744:Insiang
654:Maynila
570:Insiang
405:needed.
384:person.
246:Tagalog
218:Country
194: (
184: (
1996:(1991)
1988:(1991)
1980:(1990)
1972:(1990)
1964:(1989)
1956:(1989)
1948:(1989)
1934:(1988)
1926:(1988)
1918:(1987)
1912:(1987)
1904:(1984)
1896:(1982)
1888:(1980)
1880:(1980)
1872:(1980)
1864:(1979)
1858:(1979)
1850:(1979)
1847:Jaguar
1842:(1978)
1834:(1978)
1828:(1976)
1820:(1975)
1812:(1974)
1806:(1974)
1798:(1971)
1792:(1971)
1784:(1970)
1729:(2023)
1721:(2022)
1713:(2021)
1710:Katips
1705:(2020)
1697:(2019)
1695:Aswang
1691:(2018)
1685:(2017)
1677:(2016)
1669:(2015)
1661:(2014)
1653:(2013)
1645:(2012)
1637:(2011)
1629:(2010)
1621:(2009)
1615:(2008)
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1438:(1986)
1430:(1985)
1424:(1984)
1416:(1983)
1413:Karnal
1408:(1982)
1400:(1981)
1394:(1980)
1391:Aguila
1386:(1979)
1383:Jaguar
1378:(1978)
1372:(1977)
1366:(1976)
1347:(1975)
1339:(1974)
1331:(1973)
1325:(1972)
1319:(1971)
1313:(1970)
1307:(1969)
1301:(1968)
1295:(1967)
1289:(1966)
1283:(1965)
1277:(1964)
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1265:(1962)
1257:(1961)
1249:(1960)
1243:(1959)
1235:(1958)
1229:(1957)
1223:(1956)
1215:(1955)
1209:(1954)
1203:(1953)
1197:(1952)
824:
731:Manila
513:Marcos
424:alias.
349:Manila
311:Manila
1619:Dukot
1612:Baler
1317:Lilet
822:S2CID
315:crime
262:drama
1885:Bona
1112:IMDb
1089:2020
1061:2013
1036:2015
1008:2015
980:2020
952:2015
924:2015
896:2015
869:2017
838:2021
782:2015
717:and
588:, a
339:Plot
317:and
1132:at
1121:at
1110:at
812:doi
711:LVN
705:at
596:of
523:to
495:of
481:in
281:by
81:by
2012::
1077:.
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808:14
806:.
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772:.
713:,
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321:.
293:,
289:,
248::
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926:.
898:.
871:.
840:.
814::
244:(
198:)
188:)
20:)
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