153:
In some countries, the parliament kept the same name when its feudal organization was replaced with a more modern kind of representation, like census or universal
280:
174:
135:
357:
191:
442:
422:
285:
131:
317:
186:
76:
179:
118:
Representation through estates was the norm in Europe until the advent of popular representation beginning with the
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231:
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123:
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206:
17:
244:
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158:
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201:
377:
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147:
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143:
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138:, generally seen as marking the start of the French Revolution. Estates continued to meet in
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196:
40:
32:
48:
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224:
399:
99:, although actual membership in the third estate varied from country to country.
100:
68:
64:
251:
154:
96:
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75:. A meeting of the estates that covered an entire kingdom was called an
162:
139:
112:
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126:
were convoked only twice between 1614 and 1789, both times during the
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130:(1648–53), and in neither case did they actually meet. At the
468:(Oxford University Press, 2005 ). Retrieved 29 December 2017.
429:(Oxford University Press, 2005 ). Retrieved 29 December 2017.
59:: Rendek), was the assembly of the representatives of the
228:, the territorial estates within the Holy Roman Empire
107:
and people with no estate from birth were separated in
67:
times, called together for purposes of deliberation,
241:, a meeting of the three estates of the realm
146:until 1848, in Sweden until 1866, and in the
8:
417:
415:
427:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
466:The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance
437:
435:
411:
281:States General of the Batavian Republic
175:Convention of the Estates of Scotland
7:
358:States of Holland and West Friesland
132:final meeting of the Estates in 1789
255:, the former parliament of Sardinia
192:Estates of the Netherlands Antilles
14:
286:States General of the Netherlands
134:, they voted to join in a single
425:, in Hans J. Hillebrand (ed.),
318:States Provincial (Netherlands)
187:Council of States (Switzerland)
63:, the divisions of society in
1:
464:," in Gordon Campbell (ed.),
180:Convention of Estates (1689)
247:, the former diet of Sweden
501:
291:States Provincial (France)
15:
124:Estates General of France
87:The first estate was the
214:Estates General (France)
383:States of South Holland
373:States of North Holland
368:States of North Brabant
207:Estates of Sint Maarten
18:Estate (disambiguation)
245:Riksdag of the Estates
239:Parliament of Scotland
232:Estates of WĂĽrttemberg
161:was replaced with the
159:Riksdag of the Estates
52:
44:
36:
378:States of Overijssel
348:States of Gelderland
311:Estates of Languedoc
148:Duchy of Mecklenburg
61:estates of the realm
27:, also known as the
16:For other uses, see
353:States of Groningen
343:States of Friesland
338:States of Flevoland
306:Estates of Burgundy
301:Estates of Brittany
443:Estate or (Latin)
421:Gordon Griffiths,
333:States of Flanders
269:States of Election
264:States of Guernsey
259:States of Alderney
219:Estates of Navarre
202:Estates of Curaçao
95:and the third the
423:"Estates-general"
393:States of Zeeland
388:States of Utrecht
363:States of Limburg
328:States of Drenthe
323:States of Brabant
157:. In Sweden, the
136:National Assembly
120:French Revolution
115:as late as 1905.
91:, the second the
492:
469:
439:
430:
419:
296:Estates of BĂ©arn
276:States of Jersey
197:Estates of Aruba
500:
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491:
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489:
475:
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473:
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171:
169:List of estates
142:until 1828, in
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77:estates general
21:
12:
11:
5:
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84:
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13:
10:
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2:
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459:or (Italian)
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62:
58:
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50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
19:
485:Legislatures
465:
460:
456:
455:or (German)
452:
451:or (French)
448:
444:
426:
400:Zemsky Sobor
250:
223:
152:
150:until 1918.
117:
86:
28:
24:
22:
447:or (Dutch)
101:Bourgeoisie
69:legislation
406:References
225:Landstände
45:Landstände
165:in 1866.
97:commoners
57:Hungarian
479:Category
252:Stamenti
155:suffrage
105:peasants
93:nobility
83:Overview
73:taxation
163:Riksdag
144:Hungary
140:Navarre
113:Finland
25:Estates
445:status
128:Fronde
122:. The
109:Sweden
89:clergy
65:feudal
53:Staten
41:German
33:French
29:States
461:stato
457:Stand
449:staat
49:Dutch
37:États
453:Ă©tat
111:and
23:The
71:or
481::
434:^
414:^
103:,
79:.
55:,
51::
47:,
43::
39:,
35::
441:"
31:(
20:.
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