85:
259:. In early 1936, Turkey was interested in signing an agreement for the resettlement of a considerable amount of Muslims from Yugoslavia if the population would agree. However, in 1940 the Turkish Parliament refused a deal, as the heavy majority of Albanians considered themselves Albanian and did not want to move. However, economic migration of Albanians and Muslim Bosnians to Turkey during this period continued.
22:
301:, calling the state for help to make the "Arnaut suffer as much as he can". This would be done through fines, arrests, ruthless application of all police regulations, punishment, smuggling, deforestation and violence. A ruthless collection of taxes would be used and all public schools be closed. Albanian homes and villages could be burnt down, referring to the
313:. Čubrilović noted that the Chetniks and paramilitaries could be of good use where they would pressure the Albanians to leave, making it "the most effective means". Their land was to be confiscated and given to Montenegrin and Serb settlers and thus change the ethnic structure. These methods would result in ethnic cleansing.
461:
The colonization program, despite the emigration of tens of thousands, failed to significantly change the ethnic imbalance in Kosovo. The idea, however, persisted. Vaso Čubrilović, a respected historian, wrote in a March 7, 1937, government memorandum entitled "The
Expulsion of the Albanians", "It is
360:
The April War and the collapse of
Yugoslavia by the invasion of the Third Reich's German army in April 1941 stopped it and the document remained hidden in the archives for years. Čubrilović's paper was "erased" by the Communist authorities because they believed that "all non-Slavic" people should be
613:
a 'hardy, resistant, and prolific race', incapable of assimilation, and advocated a 'mode of evacuation' that ranged from 'private initiatives' and a variety of state pressures to 'secretly raising the
Albanian villages and settlements to the ground'....a desire to solve the Kosovo question by mass
288:
In a memorandum submitted by the UK's
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Čubrilović proposed in 1937 the mass eviction of Albanians to Albania and Turkey. This proposal was a suggestion to resorting to the use of force as the "only solution" and generating fear as a prerequisite. Other suggestions
227:
and other
Albanian-populated areas within Yugoslavia from medieval times to the present. While explaining why previous methods put in place by the Yugoslav authorities to overturn the ethnic majority of Albanians in those areas had failed so far, such as slow colonization or agrarian reforms, it
317:
At a time when
Germany can expel tens of thousands of Jews and Russia can shift millions of people from one part of the continent to another, the expulsion of a few hundred thousand Albanians will not lead to the outbreak of a world war. However, those who decide should know what they want and
462:
impossible to repel the
Albanians just by gradual colonization...The only possibility and method is the brutal power of a well-organized state... We have already stressed that for us the only efficient way is the mass deportation of the Albanians out of their triange".
356:
The programme was difficult to put into practice because of the economical and political situation at the time. Yugoslavia did not have the political and military power to apply this plan and no actual political action was undertaken to realise this plan.
869:
Even an early key ideologue of the
Serbian policy towards the Albanians, Vasa Čubrilović, in his 1937 pamphlet "iseljavanje Arnauta" (The Resettlement of the Albanians), characterized the Serbian policy as the "colonization of Kosovo and
289:
propounded were the use of "persecution for trivial offences", "economic exclusion" and "burning down
Albanian villages and city quarters". He called for this colonisation programme to be placed in the hands of the Army.
270:
organization, originally presented it as a lecture on 7 March 1937 at the
Serbian Cultural Club in Belgrade. It suggested a radical solution, ethnic cleansing in the form of expulsion, of Albanians from Kosovo as a
328:Čubrilović believed that the Albanians were nationalistic, tribalistic, fanatical, superstitious and that previous expulsion plans, like those enacted within the wider Niš region during 1878 in areas such as the
297:
The paper details a radical solution, the mass expulsion of Albanians. Čubrilović proposed that the Albanians be forced to emigrate free willingly through harassment and
256:
344:
and that their lives should be made as miserable as possible forcing them to leave. Arrangements eventually led to the relocation of tens of thousands of
849:Čubrilović, Vasa. "Iseljavanje Arnauta." The departure of the Arnauts] In Kosovo in the Heart of the Powder Keg, edited by Elsie, Robert (1991): 400-424.
404:(Исељавање Арнаута), the name of the paper of the lecture archived at the Military History Institute, is known in English as "The Expulsion of the
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incorporated into Yugoslavia. The international community found the document in the 1960s, which was then given to Albanian president
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940:Драган Белић, ed. (18–27 January 1988), "Шта садржи реферат др Васе Чубриловића из 1937. године Исељавање Арнаута",
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suggested in detail a radical solution – the mass expulsion of Albanians. The expulsion was seen by Čubrilović as a
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Former US Parlimant representative, Joe DioGuardi, referring to The Expulsion of the Albanians in 1998
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184:
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Reka, Blerim (2014), "The Ohrid Peace Process: The Past, the Present, and the Future Perspective",
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who used it to criticize the Yugoslav authorities, who denied that such a document even existed.
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382:. Čubrilović's document was not supported by Yugoslav historians and professors except for
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793:
When History is a Nightmare: Lives and Memories of Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia-Herzegovina
755:"Medjunarodni znanstveni skup "Jugoistocna Europa 1918.-1995." Ideologija Velike Srbije"
633:"Medjunarodni znanstveni skup "Jugoistocna Europa 1918.-1995." Ideologija Velike Srbije"
598:
Saviours of the Nation: Serbia's Intellectual Opposition and the Revival of Nationalism
538:
223:(1897–1990) on 7 March 1937. The text elaborates on the ethnic composition dynamics of
688:. Vol. 1. Department of Political Science, Columbia University. 1997. p. 37.
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in 1877–1878, would be the only effective way. He proposed that Albanians be called
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The document was mentioned and published in January 1988 in the Belgrade newspaper
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persist in achieving this, regardless of the possible international obstacles.
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The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities
893:Исељавање Арнаута (Предавање одржано у Српском културном клубу 7. марта 1937)
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Western Intervention in the Balkans: The Strategic Use of Emotion in Conflict
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being a Turkish term for Albanians. It is also translated into English as
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997:
405:
729:
The Road to Independence for Kosovo: A Chronicle of the Ahtisaari Plan
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249:
224:
306:
820:
Tozun Bahcheli; Barry Bartmann; Henry Srebrnik (9 September 2004).
15:
956:"1937 | Vaso Cubrilovic: The Expulsion of the Albanians"
980:"The Expulsion of the Albanians (Full English Translation)"
570:"House of Commons - Foreign Affairs - Minutes of Evidence"
540:
Serbia's Secret War: Propaganda and the Deceit of History
815:
813:
257:
Greece and Turkey made a successful population exchange
861:
Südosteuropa. Zeitschrift für Politik und Gesellschaft
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Genocide After Emotion: The Post-Emotional Balkan War
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909:"Migrations of ethnic Albanians in Kosovo 1938-1950"
219:) was a lecture presented by the Yugoslav historian
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515:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 101–.
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895:, Архив Војноисторијског института, 11-Ф2-К-69
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685:The International Journal of Albanian Studies
485:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 163–.
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732:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 19–.
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796:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 238–.
544:. Texas A&M University Press. pp.
449:. Cambridge University Press. p. 159.
823:De Facto States: The Quest for Sovereignty
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659:Kosovo: The Politics of Identity and Space
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502:
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45:. Please do not remove this message until
989:. United States House of Representatives.
923:
65:Learn how and when to remove this message
656:Dr Denisa Kostovicova (9 October 2005).
41:Relevant discussion may be found on the
699:Stjepan Mestrovic (13 September 2013).
536:Philip J. Cohen; David Riesman (1996).
443:Roger D. Petersen (30 September 2011).
432:
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595:Jasna Dragovic-Soso (9 October 2002).
248:, Albanians were concentrated in the
7:
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418:The Resettlement of the Albanians
20:
838:'The Expulsion of the Arnauts'
303:1877–78 expulsions of Albanians
262:Čubrilović, a historian at the
512:The Search for Greater Albania
202:The Expulsion of the Albanians
78:The Expulsion of the Albanians
1:
232:measure to prevent potential
150:Ethnic Cleansing of Albanians
962:. 1937-03-07. Archived from
662:. Routledge. pp. 151–.
509:Paulin Kola (January 2003).
414:The departure of the Arnauts
275:measure, a means to prevent
705:. Routledge. pp. 44–.
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47:conditions to do so are met
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1013:Serbian–Albanian conflict
891:Čubrilović, Vaso (1937),
826:. Routledge. p. 97.
726:Henry H. Perritt (2010).
266:and former member of the
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790:Stevan M. Weine (1999).
479:Mylonas, Harris (2012).
142:Conference/ Presentation
1028:Works about geopolitics
1023:Anti-Albanian sentiment
907:Bjelajac, Mile (2007).
336:given to Serbia in the
107:March 7, 1937
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264:University of Belgrade
601:. MQUP. p. 128.
338:Treaty of San Stefano
246:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
123:Serbian Cultural Club
925:10.2298/BALC0738219B
352:Aftermath and legacy
277:Albanian irredentism
234:Albanian irredentism
1018:Serbian irredentism
960:Albanianhistory.net
402:Iseljavanje Arnauta
216:Iseljavanje Arnauta
158:Serbian Nationalism
98:Iseljavanje Arnauta
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34:of this article is
180:Slobodan Jovanović
96:Исељавање Арнаута
833:978-1-135-77121-8
803:978-0-8135-2676-8
739:978-0-521-11624-4
712:978-1-136-16349-4
669:978-1-134-27632-5
608:978-0-7735-7092-4
555:978-0-89096-760-7
522:978-1-85065-664-7
492:978-1-107-02045-0
456:978-1-139-50330-3
299:settling of Serbs
211:Исељавање Арнаута
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173:Organized by
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390:Annotations
363:Enver Hoxha
348:to Turkey.
323:Čubrilović
163:Perpetrator
1007:Categories
970:2016-02-01
764:2016-02-01
642:2016-02-01
427:References
384:Ivo Andrić
311:Kuršumlija
240:Background
111:1937-03-07
32:neutrality
916:Balcanica
901:Secondary
870:Metohija"
867:: 19–33,
255:In 1923,
43:talk page
580:30 April
332:and the
321:—
285:Kosovo.
282:Yugoslav
252:region.
129:Location
36:disputed
998:Youtube
885:Primary
880:Sources
410:Arnauts
406:Arnauts
330:Toplica
244:In the
207:Serbian
109: (
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637:Hic.hr
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376:Zagreb
293:Points
250:Kosovo
225:Kosovo
155:Motive
983:(PDF)
942:Борба
912:(PDF)
380:Start
371:Borba
342:Turks
147:Theme
119:Venue
828:ISBN
798:ISBN
734:ISBN
707:ISBN
664:ISBN
603:ISBN
582:2023
550:ISBN
517:ISBN
487:ISBN
451:ISBN
420:.
416:and
309:and
139:Type
104:Date
29:The
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920:doi
548:–.
546:160
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307:Niš
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