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The Feminist Five

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uniform, but willingly left with them so they would not enter the house. Zheng had her glasses confiscated when she was detained. Zheng was threatened by agents who told her her parents would suffer for the rest of their lives due to her actions. As a result of the stress received during interrogations, Zheng suffered from lack of sleep and hair fall outs. Zheng's health continued to deteriorate as she developed anxiety and her eyesight became poorer due to her glasses being confiscated. She also felt guilty about the other women's incarceration because she was the one who had thought of distributing stickers against sexual harassment.
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put their futures at risk, and even pressured by state agents. Additionally, the lack of medical treatment for Wu Rongrong, who was suffering from Hepatitis B, prompted supporters to voice their concerns at the detention center where the women were held. Social media crackdowns were also implemented, as activists found ways to communicate through WeChat. The supporters were however briefly detained. In a similar show of support, people all around the world posted pictures online of themselves wearing masks of the five women's faces.
351:. During her interrogation, Wu attempted to make the agents release the other women by explaining that she was the founder Weizhiming Women's Center and that the other women were only volunteers. Wu was then taken to the center where the agents searched for and confiscated her electronic devices. Her home was also searched and her husband interrogated. Wu was finally taken to the Beijing Haidian District detention center where Li Maizi, Wei Tingting and Zheng Churan were being held. Wu Rongrong suffered from 20: 433:, who was then the US ambassador at the UN, tweeted: “In China speaking out against sexual harassment is ‘creating a disturbance.’ Disturbance is restricting NGOs fighting for universal rights.” Several petitions were made calling for the women's release both globally and within China, including a petition from 344:), and called an “unfilial daughter”. In an attempt to make her talk, the agents forced Li's father write a letter reprimanding her and ordering her to cease her work as a feminist activist however Li identified the letter as having been coerced. Li was also accused of being a spy for “subverting state power”. 258:: 郑愚然), also known as Big Rabbit, is a feminist activist and writer. Zheng was invited by Wu Rongrong to participate in the “Occupy Men's Toilets” protest alongside Li Maizi, in 2012. She also worked on the “Bloody Brides” campaign where Li Maizi, Wei Tinting and Xiao Meili in blood-stained wedding gowns. 480:
After the arrest of the Feminist Five, feminist activism was made harder to practice in China. In 2017, the “Overseas NGO Management Law” made it illegal to accept funds from foundations that do not have offices in China. Moreover, NGOs that do not have specific qualifications are unable to cooperate
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In addition to these pleas from the global and Chinese public as well as world leaders and organizations to release the Feminist Five, human rights lawyers in China made a statement asking for the women's release on March 9, 2015 and female lawyers reached out to the Department of Public Security and
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In China, specifically Guangzhou and Beijing, women took the streets wearing masks of the Feminist Five's faces as a show of support. Petitions circulated within universities and students who had signed those petitions would be warned and threatened by university officials with poor marks that would
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Wang Man was arrested and taken underground in the Beijing Haidian detention center, where the other Feminist Five were being held. Wang Man, like Wei and Zheng, also had her glasses confiscated and could not properly see her surroundings. Wang was placed in isolation after her interrogation. One of
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Zheng Churan, who was living with her parents at the time, was arrested at her home after the authorities went looking for her under the pretense of needing to check her housing registration. Zheng claims they did not have a search warrant or any identification and only one of the men wore a police
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The incident became part of Chinese feminist history and the Feminist Five are still criminalized and under state surveillance after their release. While their detention sparked outrage and encouraged young women to speak up and also take part in feminist activism, it was hard to engage in feminist
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Regardless of these efforts to discourage people from taking part in feminist activism, the story of the Feminist Five became known around the world, and inspired young women in China to get involved as well. According to Wu's deputy, Gina, “The detention of the Feminist Five was awful, but on the
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Although movements such as #MeToo that spread throughout several countries across the world could not be completely stifled, censorship and crackdowns did not allow for the movement to take off completely in China. In 2017, three women planning to hand out anti-sexual harassment stickers as the
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In 2010, Wang started working for an anti-poverty NGO in Beijing where she met feminist activists she could relate to, which led her to becoming involved in feminist campaigns such as the “Occupy Men's Toilets” campaign. Wang also wrote articles about street feminist activism in China.
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to lodge their complaints. The Public Interest Collaborative Network for Women Lawyers, a group of feminist lawyers, also signed a petition demanding the women's release. This resulted in a crackdown where hundreds of the human rights lawyers involved, such as
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Wei Tingting, like Zheng, also had her glasses confiscated when she was arrested and could no longer see. Wei was asked about her activism and was denied a lawyer when she asked to call for one during her interrogation. Wei posted an essay on
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Engaging in feminist activism in China remains difficult due to censorship and various restrictions put in place to keep people from doing so, but the actions of the Feminist Five have nonetheless inspired more young women to take action.
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that she had gotten used to being under state surveillance. Zheng Churan also talks about being monitored by Guangzhou agents, although they were not the same ones that had interrogated her during the Feminist Five's detention in 2015.
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According to Li Maizi, Li was placed in cell 1105, Zheng Churan in cell 1107, Wei Tingting cell 1103 and Wang Man in cell 1101. Wu Rongrong on the other hand was placed in cell 1203, further away from the other cells.
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Li Maizi was arrested at her home, where she lived with her partner Teresa Xu. At first, Li did not speak during interrogations. She was cursed at by the agents interrogating her for her sexuality (Li identifies as a
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other hand, so many more people started paying attention to our cause and volunteering”. Moreover, more women (including high schoolers) came to use the word “feminist” to identify themselves.
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and was still recovering from 2 weeks of hospitalization when she was arrested. During her incarceration, her requests for medical treatment were ignored and she was not allowed to rest.
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The Feminist Five were arrested on March 6, 2015 in different cities and officially detained on International Women's Day in Beijing Haidian District detention center on the grounds of “
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As a result of their incarceration, all five of the women were left to deal with psychological issues. In the case of Wang Man and Wu Rongrong, medical neglect was also a concern.
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although protests within China were subject to censorship and crackdowns. The Feminist Five were released on bail on April 13, 2015 due to the backlash following their detention.
159:. The group protested the lack of public toilets for women by occupying men's public toilets in Guangzhou. The protest was then reported by various Chinese news outlets such as 70:(March 8) and became known following their arrest. Their arrest sparked outrage both internationally and domestically, leading to protests in support of the five women in the 833: 484:
These restrictions also affected the Feminist Five. After the women's release, lack of funding and pressure from authorities forced Wu Rongrong's Weizhiming to shut down.
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tweeted on April 10, 2015: “Rights of women and girls should never be suppressed. We urge Chinese leaders to show respect for women's rights and #FreeBeijing20Five”.
617: 181:' Beijing office in a white wedding dress covered with fake blood to celebrate American citizen Kim Lee's divorce grant due to domestic violence from her husband 378:
During their incarceration, the five women found comfort in hearing each other's voices and knowing they were not alone. Wei Tingting would sing songs such as “
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In 2012, Wei participated in the “Bloody Brides” campaign against domestic violence organized by Wu Rongrong, where she paraded with Li Maizi and Xiao Meili.
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to address his “sexist behaviour” and listed different types of sexist behaviours through a poll she made online that gathered more than 10,000 responses.
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Following great pressure on the government calling for their release, the women were let go on bail on April 13, 2015 after being detained for 37 days.
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protesting where a woman bound with white sheet was laid on the ground, with sheets of papers spelling "We Could All Be Deng Yujiao" placed above her.
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during her incarceration and also had to face the same challenges regarding her eyesight as Zheng who had gotten her glasses confiscated as well.
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Feminist Five had done, were expelled from their homes in Guangzhou. Posts written against sexual harassment and sexual assault on WeChat and
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Wang's greatest concerns during her detention was that she had a heart condition and was uncertain of when she would be able to return home.
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was permanently banned on Weibo for posting “sensitive and illegal information.” The account had 180,000 followers on the platform.
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Following the news of their arrest, the hashtag #FreeBeijing20Five (#FreeTheFive was then used instead) started being used on
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Digital painting portraits of (clockwise starting top-left) Li Tingting, Zheng Churan, Wei Tingting, Wu Rongrong, Wang Man.
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activist who became a prominent feminist figure in China along with the other Feminist Five following the group's arrest.
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In 2012, Li Maizi initiated the“Occupy Men's Toilets” protest organized by the Gender Equality Work Group, where she met
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That same year, Li took part in the “Bloody Brides” parade for Valentine's Day to protest domestic violence alongside
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The five women were detained for 37 days after planning to hand out sexual harassment stickers on the subway ahead of
1392: 290:: éŸŠć©·ć©·) is an LGBT and women's rights activist. Wei joined the LGBT organization Wuhan Rainbow after organizing the 119: 234: 1259: 834:"Four Years on: The Whereabouts of the 'Feminist Five' and the Sustainability of Feminist Activism in China" 391: 382:”, joined by Li Maizi who would sing “A Song for All Women” in order to make the other women feel at ease. 240:
In 2012, Wu organized the “Bloody Brides” parade in which Li Maizi, Wei Tingting and Xiao Meili took part.
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summit on women's rights in New York as part of the celebration of the twentieth anniversary of Beijing's
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with international foundations and these new limitations made joining feminist movements harder.
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Wu moved to Beijing to study at China Women's University where she volunteered for anti-poverty,
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and led Guangdong officials to respond by promising to add more public toilets for women.
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The Global Trajectories of Queerness: Re-thinking Same-Sex Politics in the Global South
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activism without funding. Their actions are still recognized, particularly during the
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called “Prison Notes” where she documented her life in detention. Wei suffered from
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Despite their release, the Feminist Five are still criminalized and subject to
229:, a young woman who had killed a government official in self-defence as he was 1340:"How the arrest of 5 Chinese women galvanized the country's feminist movement" 395: 171: 1366: 951: 770: 720:"'Feminism is my soul,' says gay Chinese activist after 37 days in detention" 675: 939: 426: 379: 95: 83: 1081: 1236:"Meet the Brave Women Behind China's Very First Modern Feminist Movement" 348: 313: 215: 208: 44: 1057:"Chinese activist Zheng Churan: 'Hey Trump, feminists are watching you" 410: 368: 341: 36: 697:"I went to jail for handing out feminist stickers in China | Li Maizi" 1134:"Blood brides: feminist activists cracking China's patriarchal order" 364: 91: 1004:"China's 'Feminist Five' to continue the fight against gender bias" 1260:"U.S. calls on China to release detained women's rights activists" 1182:"Five Chinese feminists held over International Women's Day plans" 297:
Wei also worked as the director of an LGBT organization, Ji'ande.
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in April to call for the women's release. The hashtag referenced
806:"Chinese women's rights group collapses under official pressure" 664:"Taking Feminist Battle to China's Streets, and Landing in Jail" 149: 1355:"China Releases 5 Women's Rights Activists Detained for Weeks" 203:: æ­Šć”˜ć”˜) is a feminist activist who worked on women's rights at 225:
In 2009, she organized a campaign at Yirenping in support of
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Betraying Big Brother : the feminist awakening in China
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who was Li Maizi's lawyer, were detained months later.
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In 2016, Zheng wrote a letter to then-President-elect
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on public transportation. The quintet is composed of
472:. In December 2016, Wu Rongrong explained to writer 718: 915:"Meet the 5 Female Activists China Has Detained" 39:on March 6, 2015 for planning a protest against 496:were taken down. In 2018, the popular account 417:, a campaign dedicated to helping free women 390:The Feminist Five's arrest happened ahead of 347:Wu Rongrong was arrested upon her arrival in 8: 921:(in Chinese). The New York Times. 2015-04-14 1106:Tellis, Ashley; Bala, Sruti (2015-10-30). 616:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 177:In 2013, Li Maizi attended a party at the 1162:International Federation for Human Rights 1082:"BBC 100 Women 2016: Who is on the list?" 747:"Detention of the Feminist Five in China" 717:Tang, Didi; Chang, Jack (19 April 2015). 1210:"China's detained 'guerrilla feminists'" 974:China's Millennials: The Want Generation 513: 1284: 1282: 1280: 881: 879: 609: 330:Picking quarrels and provoking trouble 312:: 王曌) is a gender researcher based in 1204: 1202: 1051: 1049: 998: 996: 994: 909: 907: 828: 826: 587: 585: 583: 581: 579: 577: 575: 573: 571: 569: 567: 565: 563: 561: 559: 557: 555: 553: 551: 549: 547: 545: 543: 541: 539: 537: 7: 800: 798: 796: 740: 738: 712: 710: 657: 655: 653: 651: 649: 629: 627: 535: 533: 531: 529: 527: 525: 523: 521: 519: 517: 386:International Attention and Release 14: 779:10.15767/feministstudies.41.2.476 763:10.15767/feministstudies.41.2.476 144:: æŽć©·ć©·), also known as Li Maizi ( 731:from the original on 2022-06-18. 148:: 李éșŠć­) is a women's rights and 118:groups and protests such as the 16:Chinese women's rights activists 1234:Bianco, Marcie (7 April 2015). 114:The five women had met through 812:. Associated Press. 2015-06-05 636:"A Cafe Chat With Li Tingting" 1: 662:Jacobs, Andrew (2015-04-05). 1289:Sile, Zhao (17 April 2015). 1028:Beach, Sophie (2009-05-26). 977:. Rowman & Littlefield. 447:All China-Women's Federation 1353:Wong, Edward (2015-04-13). 1314:Zeng, Jinyan (2015-04-17). 634:Cao, Yaxue (27 July 2016). 592:Hong Fincher, Leta (2018). 294:in Wuhan in 2007 and 2009. 268:Zheng was chosen as one of 233:her. The campaign involved 1414: 695:Li, Maizi (8 March 2017). 279: 272:in 2016 for her activism. 247: 192: 133: 120:Gender Equality Work Group 47:(birth name Li Tingting), 1034:China Digital Times (CDT) 971:Fish, Eric (2016-08-15). 404:World Conference on Women 68:International Women's Day 1008:South China Morning Post 222:. Wu graduated in 2007. 392:Chinese Communist Party 24: 218:, and women's rights 35:who were arrested in 22: 745:Zheng, Wang (2015). 398:'s cohosting of the 324:Arrest and Detention 944:Wall Street Journal 419:political prisoners 231:sexually assaulting 31:is a group of five 1359:The New York Times 893:. 14 November 2018 668:The New York Times 470:state surveillance 394:general secretary 25: 1393:Feminism in China 1119:978-90-04-21794-2 984:978-1-4422-7249-1 859:"Finding a Voice" 474:Leta Hong Fincher 292:Vagina Monologues 41:sexual harassment 33:Chinese feminists 1405: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1373: 1350: 1344: 1343: 1336: 1330: 1329: 1327: 1326: 1311: 1305: 1304: 1302: 1301: 1286: 1275: 1274: 1272: 1271: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1246: 1231: 1225: 1224: 1222: 1221: 1206: 1197: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1168: 1154: 1148: 1147: 1145: 1144: 1130: 1124: 1123: 1103: 1097: 1096: 1094: 1093: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1069: 1068: 1053: 1044: 1043: 1041: 1040: 1025: 1019: 1018: 1016: 1015: 1000: 989: 988: 968: 962: 961: 959: 958: 936: 930: 929: 927: 926: 911: 902: 901: 899: 898: 883: 874: 873: 871: 870: 855: 849: 848: 846: 845: 830: 821: 820: 818: 817: 802: 791: 790: 751:Feminist Studies 742: 733: 732: 722: 714: 705: 704: 692: 686: 685: 683: 682: 659: 644: 643: 631: 622: 621: 615: 607: 589: 1413: 1412: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1383: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1371: 1369: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1338: 1337: 1333: 1324: 1322: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1299: 1297: 1288: 1287: 1278: 1269: 1267: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1244: 1242: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1219: 1217: 1208: 1207: 1200: 1191: 1189: 1180: 1179: 1175: 1166: 1164: 1156: 1155: 1151: 1142: 1140: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1120: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1091: 1089: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1066: 1064: 1055: 1054: 1047: 1038: 1036: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1013: 1011: 1002: 1001: 992: 985: 970: 969: 965: 956: 954: 938: 937: 933: 924: 922: 913: 912: 905: 896: 894: 885: 884: 877: 868: 866: 857: 856: 852: 843: 841: 832: 831: 824: 815: 813: 804: 803: 794: 744: 743: 736: 725:The Independent 716: 715: 708: 694: 693: 689: 680: 678: 661: 660: 647: 633: 632: 625: 608: 604: 591: 590: 515: 510: 498:Feminist Voices 463: 423:Hillary Clinton 388: 326: 306: 284: 278: 270:BBC's 100 Women 252: 246: 235:performance art 197: 191: 179:Feminist Voices 138: 132: 112: 104:#MeToo movement 17: 12: 11: 5: 1411: 1409: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1378: 1345: 1331: 1306: 1295:Foreign Policy 1276: 1251: 1226: 1198: 1173: 1149: 1125: 1118: 1098: 1073: 1045: 1020: 990: 983: 963: 946:. 2012-02-22. 931: 903: 875: 850: 822: 792: 757:(2): 476–482. 734: 706: 687: 645: 623: 602: 512: 511: 509: 506: 462: 459: 431:Samantha Power 387: 384: 325: 322: 305: 302: 286:Wei Tingting ( 280:Main article: 277: 274: 254:Zheng Churan ( 248:Main article: 245: 242: 193:Main article: 190: 187: 161:People's Daily 134:Main article: 131: 128: 116:women's rights 111: 108: 76:United Kingdom 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1410: 1399: 1398:2015 in China 1396: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1349: 1346: 1341: 1335: 1332: 1321: 1317: 1310: 1307: 1296: 1292: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1265: 1261: 1255: 1252: 1241: 1237: 1230: 1227: 1215: 1211: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1187: 1183: 1177: 1174: 1163: 1159: 1153: 1150: 1139: 1138:openDemocracy 1135: 1129: 1126: 1121: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1102: 1099: 1087: 1083: 1077: 1074: 1062: 1058: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1035: 1031: 1024: 1021: 1009: 1005: 999: 997: 995: 991: 986: 980: 976: 975: 967: 964: 953: 949: 945: 941: 935: 932: 920: 916: 910: 908: 904: 892: 888: 882: 880: 876: 864: 860: 854: 851: 839: 835: 829: 827: 823: 811: 807: 801: 799: 797: 793: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 741: 739: 735: 730: 726: 721: 713: 711: 707: 702: 698: 691: 688: 677: 673: 669: 665: 658: 656: 654: 652: 650: 646: 641: 637: 630: 628: 624: 619: 613: 605: 603:9781786633644 599: 595: 588: 586: 584: 582: 580: 578: 576: 574: 572: 570: 568: 566: 564: 562: 560: 558: 556: 554: 552: 550: 548: 546: 544: 542: 540: 538: 536: 534: 532: 530: 528: 526: 524: 522: 520: 518: 514: 507: 505: 501: 499: 495: 489: 485: 482: 478: 475: 471: 466: 460: 458: 455: 453: 448: 442: 438: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 407: 405: 401: 397: 393: 385: 383: 381: 376: 372: 370: 366: 360: 356: 354: 350: 345: 343: 337: 333: 331: 323: 321: 317: 315: 311: 303: 301: 298: 295: 293: 289: 283: 275: 273: 271: 266: 264: 259: 257: 251: 243: 241: 238: 236: 232: 228: 223: 221: 217: 212: 210: 206: 202: 199:Wu Rongrong ( 196: 188: 186: 184: 180: 175: 173: 169: 164: 162: 158: 153: 151: 147: 143: 140:Li Tingting ( 137: 129: 127: 125: 121: 117: 109: 107: 105: 99: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 72:United States 69: 64: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 29:Feminist Five 21: 1370:. 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Index


Chinese feminists
Beijing
sexual harassment
Li Maizi
Wu Rongrong
Zheng Churan
Wei Tingting
Wang Man
International Women's Day
United States
United Kingdom
South Korea
Hong Kong
India
Poland
Australia
#MeToo movement
women's rights
Gender Equality Work Group
Wu Rongrong
Li Tingting
Chinese
Chinese
LGBT
Zheng Churan
People's Daily
Wei Tingting
Xiao Meili
Feminist Voices

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