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United Nations Global Compact

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a partnership between the Syrian Government represented by the State Planning Commission and the UNDP Country Office in Syria. It was launched under the patronage of the Head of State Planning Commission and in the presence of the Deputy Chairperson of the UN Global Compact in July 2008. The Syrian Global Compact Local Network has 26 businesses, five NGOs, and five federations of commerce and industry. It was displayed among 10 selected ones from around the world in the Global Compact Sixth Annual Local Networks Forum. The Syria story was called a "leadership case" and the Syria Network growth ratio was ranked first among the global top ten in 2008. The UNGC National Advisory Council has been formulated and held its founders’ meeting on 15 October 2008, with the participation of leaders from the Syrian private sector, international corporate representatives, local and international civil society organizations, UNDP, the Syrian Government, media and education sectors.
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and linguistic contexts. Additionally, there are related programmes for particular topics of interest, such as the Business for Peace initiative, that bring awareness to businesses and other organizations about instability and conflict, such that organizations can help to address these concerns from their own perspective and with the assistance of their local networks. Local connections to supplement the international connections made by the Global Compact at large can help to broaden the engagement and impact of members. Local Networks are independent, self-governed and self managed entities, and work closely with the UN Global Compact's New York headquarters, and coordinate as points of contact for UN Global Compact signatories in their respective countries. The Local Networks of the Global Compact are showcased, but not limited to the interactions chronicled below:
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assembly. The steering committee includes representatives from large companies, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the public sector, educational entities and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In order to abide by the rules of Spanish legislature, the general assembly holds a vote each year on budgetary issues and resolutions and nominates the steering committee. The Global Compact Network Spain has been successful in involving SMEs, developing interactive resources and reporting tools and emphasizing human rights through the commitment of the local companies.
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Thinkers Campus was Ethical Cities: Locking in Liveability. This was followed by the organisation of an Urban Innovation Forum on Ethical Cities in July 2016 in Barcelona, Spain as a collaboration between the UN Global Compact - Cities Programme, RMIT Europe and UN-Habitat. In Fall 2016, RMIT University and the UN Global Compact Cities Programme launched a Massive Open Online Course on FutureLearn with the title of Ethical Cities: Shaping the Future of Your City.
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Its members are 20 leading companies and organizations in Bulgaria, members the UN Global Compact as well. The Association is managed by a steering committee and control committee. Their main goals are to learn from each other, to communicate, to generate an advocacy impact and initiate dialogue or partnerships with other actors such as the government, local authorities, labour organisations and civil society organizations.
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was a campaigning organization led by Corpwatch that highlighted weaknesses in the principles underlying the Global Compact. The Global Compact was also criticized by Maude Barlow, senior adviser on water issues to the President of the United Nations General Assembly in December 2008, for bluewashing.
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The Syria initiative aims at enhancing civic engagement and corporate social responsibility of private sector by promoting the ten principles of the UN Global Compact as well as forging partnerships between private sector organizations, public sector institutions and civil society. This initiative is
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Bulgaria. With the active participation and financial contribution of its members Global Compact Bulgaria organized numerous initiatives related to environment, health, education and youth. Among them are the projects: "Unleashing Entrepreneurship"; "Love Bridge"; "Sharing Best Practices in Corporate
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The Global Compact Local Network in Australia was established in 2009 by a steering committee drawn from the Australian business community and stakeholder groups. It was formally incorporated in 2011. as the Global Compact Network Australia Limited, and elections were held for the inaugural board of
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Local networks of the Global Compact advance the initiative and its ten principles at a country level. Currently there are approximately 85 Local Networks in total. These networks help companies and non profit organizations understand what responsible business means within diverse national, cultural,
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Notable companies who have signed on the Global Compact include, but are not limited to, Starbucks, L'Oreal, Bayer AG, Coca-Cola, 3M, Deloitte, and Zurn. In addition to its signatories, the Global compact has been repeatedly supported by the UN General Assembly, honoring its 15th anniversary in June
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wrote to the UN Global Compact saying they are "concerned and frustrated" by its inclusion of a controversial Brazilian ranching company, Yaguarete Porá. The company has been charged and fined for illegally clearing the Ayoreo's forests and concealing evidence of uncontacted Ayoreo living there. The
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in Geneva. It adopted the Geneva Declaration on corporate responsibility. Marking the 10th anniversary of the Global Compact's launch, the Global Compact Leaders Summit 2010 took place on 24–25 June 2010 in New York. On the occasion, the Blueprint for Corporate Sustainability Leadership identifying
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Stoddard, Isak; Anderson, Kevin; Capstick, Stuart; Carton, Wim; Depledge, Joanna; Facer, Keri; Gough, Clair; Hache, Frederic; Hoolohan, Claire; Hultman, Martin; Hällström, Niclas; Kartha, Sivan; Klinsky, Sonja; Kuchler, Magdalena; Lövbrand, Eva; Nasiritousi, Naghmeh; Newell, Peter; Peters, Glen P.;
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The Global Compact provides a list of over 20,000 active participant organizations, composed of roughly 16,000 businesses and 4,000 non-business entities on its website. The site provides a brief overview of each participant, and a link to their Letter of Commitment (if new), Financial Overview and
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Critics have included an informal network known as Global Compact Critics that cited a lack of mechanisms for sanctioning non compliance or lack of progress. The Global Compact Critics formally disbanded in February 2015. Similarly, the Alliance for a Corporate-Free UN, which also no longer exists,
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The Global Compact Network in Mexico in December 2014 endorsed the commitment of the private sector towards improving gender equality. Echoing the sentiments of initiatives such as the "HeforShe", and the large support of individuals in the region for promoting gender equality and empowering women.
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The Global Compact Network India has been one of the pioneering local initiatives of the Global Compact. It is one of the first local networks to be set up as a legal entity. Over the last nine years the network has seen modest growth and has been able to create a niche for itself within efforts by
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had to identify and formulate a new strategy for sustainability. So, between 2009 and 2010 the members signed an institutional framework for future organizational development. As a result, on 10 September 2010 a new independent organization was founded – Association Global Compact Network Bulgaria.
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was established in 2004. It is the second largest local network of the UN Global Compact after Spain, with more than 1,100 participants in 2017. The main aim of the Global Compact Network France is to add personalized value to the French participants of the Global Compact, in order to help them to
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In April 2003, under the directorship of David Teller, a framework called the Melbourne Model was developed that went beyond the Ten Principles. It begins by drawing the resources of government, business and civil society into a cross-sector partnership in order to develop a practical project that
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The UN Global Compact's goals are intentionally flexible and vague, but it distinguishes the following channels through which it provides facilitation and encourages dialogue: policy dialogues, learning, local networks and projects. The Global Compact creates resources and guides that business and
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and corporate social responsibility initiative, with more than 20,000 corporate participants and other stakeholders in over 167 countries. The organization consists of a global agency, and local "networks" or agencies for each participating country. Under the Global Compact, companies are brought
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The GCN Germany (DGCN) was created in the year 2000 on the initiative of German companies as one of the first national platforms. Its tasks and obligations as an official local Network are defined in a Memorandum of Understanding with the UN Global Compact; it may only bear the name of the Global
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Criticisms of the Global Compact often hinge on its choice to position itself as a voluntary organization rather than a regulatory one. Critics argue that in the absence of effective monitoring and enforcement provisions, the Global Compact fails to hold corporations accountable. Moreover, these
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The Global Compact Network Spain is the largest local network of signatories to the UN Global Compact. As an independent legal entity launched in 2004, it is managed by a steering committee with a chairman, deputy chairman, secretary, treasurer and 16 directors elected by the network's general
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The GCN Germany brings together all German signatories of the UN Global Compact. The network comprises more than 780 German companies and organizations from civil society, science, and the public sector and serves to provide information on issues of corporate responsibility, exchange ideas, and
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In 2015, RMIT Professor Ralph Horne became the third director of the UN Global Compact Cities Programme and in February 2016 an Urban Thinkers Campus was organised at RMIT Melbourne in collaboration with World Vision International as part of the buildup to UN Habitat III. The theme of the Urban
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proposed that cities as well as corporations should be allowed to join the UN Global Compact, arguing that this would provide a clear statement of a city's commitment to positive change, as well as motivating participation in international dialogue. The proposal was accepted, and the UN Global
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The Global Compact Network (GCN) India was formed by organizations from India who participate in the Global Compact. It was registered on 24 November 2003, with Registrar of Societies, NCT, Delhi, as a non-profit body. The main objective of the Network is to provide a forum to various Indian
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directors. In 2011 it established two business-led leadership groups dealing with human rights and anti-corruption. The GCNA draws its funding directly from members and member-based activities, in contrast to many networks who rely in part on government funding.
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the business community directed towards realising the vision of sustainable development in India. At present Arun Kumar Singh, CMD, ONGC, is the President of the Global Compact Network India for the term 2023-25 and is managed by a Governing Council.
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While the Global Compact does expel members, this is generally done in response to failure to register reports with the organization, rather than in response to an organization's broader actions. For example, Leaders of the tribe Ayoreo Indians in
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and other mechanics to help curb climate effects within the scope of business solutions. However, research shows that global carbon dioxide emissions are 60% higher in 2021 than in 1990, and now require fundamental system-level changes.
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method was elaborated to guide a city or urban region through a rigorous assessment process. As one of the outcomes it provides a figurative image of the overall sustainability of that city to illustrate its strengths and weaknesses.
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As of August 2020 there were 120 participants in the City Network, 85 of them in Latin America and the Caribbean. Milwaukee and San Francisco were the only U.S. member cities. The Cities Programme ended in 2021.
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2015 alongside the Secretary-General, Ban Ki-Moon, himself who claims that "Business can be a global force for good" and that "advocacy and example can drive action to achieve a life of dignity for all people".
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besides encouraging good corporate citizenship. The Network, acts as an Apex level nodal agency representing various Indian Corporate bodies/ Institutions/ NGOs/ SMEs, who are committed to the UN Global Compact
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The UN Global Compact was initially launched with the first nine Principles. On 24 June 2004, during the first Global Compact Leaders Summit, Kofi Annan announced the addition of the tenth principle against
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The Ten Principles represent a set of core values drawn from major international agreements. The Ten Principles and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are considered to be strongly aligned with
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Ayoreo asked that the company be expelled from the Global Compact. The Brazilian Vale mining company withdrew from the UN Global Compact after civil society groups demanded that it be delisted.
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became increasingly important. The Melbourne Model was further elaborated, with a sustainability indicators programme developed as a way of assessing and monitoring progress. In 2012, the
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Much of this progress is being achieved by practical guidelines for how private entities can make a more diverse, inclusive workplace that create codes of global business.
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Compact - Cities Programme was launched in 2002. It was formed as an urban-focused component of the Global Compact with its International Secretariat initially located in
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leadership criteria linked to implementation of the ten principles, efforts to support development objectives, and engagement in the Global Compact was released. In 2009
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partnered with the UN Global Compact. This was a very friendly partnership since Rotary International played a role in the chartering of the United Nations.
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James, P.; Scerri, A. (2011). "Auditing cities through circles of sustainability". In Amen, M.; Toly, N. J.; McCarney, P. L.; Segbers, K. (eds.).
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The United Nations Global Compact and the Encyclical Laudato Si: A special theme issue of The Journal of Corporate Citizenship (Issue 64)
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The UN Global Compact is not a regulatory instrument, having a "guiding rather than binding character". It is sometimes referred to as
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Companies/ Organizations to exchange experiences, network and work together on activities related to CSR. This is expected to promote
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Businesses may be becoming more directly involved in government partnerships and more open to private sector interventions such as
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make progress in their CSR approach and enlarge the Global Compact network. The local network is entirely financed by its members.
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as an organization that "promotes responsible business practices and UN values among the global business community and the
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Contributions (if applicable), Communication on Progress (COP), Communication on Engagement (COE, non-business).
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critics argue that companies could potentially misuse the Global Compact as a public relations instrument for "
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McWilliams, Abagail; Rupp, Deborah E.; Siegel, Donald S.; Stahl, Günter; Waldman, David A. (24 October 2019).
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Whose partnership for whose development? Corporate accountability in the UN system beyond the Global Compact
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The UN Global Compact is a principle-based framework for businesses, stating ten principles in the areas of
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The Global Compact Local Network in Bulgaria was founded in January 2003, under the auspices of President
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Following its creation in 2000 the Global Compact initially focused on support for Ten Principles and the
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Sokona, Youba; Stirling, Andy; Stilwell, Matthew; Spash, Clive L.; Williams, Mariama (18 October 2021).
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Sustainable development: the UN Millennium Development Goals, the UN Global Compact, and the common good
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1 Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights; and
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The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility: Psychological and Organizational Perspectives
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policies, and to report on their implementation. The UN Global Compact is the world's largest
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Participating in the UN Global Compact: Best Practices and Challenges from German Businesses
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Compact Network Germany as long as it carries out these tasks and fulfils these obligations.
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non profit organizations may use in their efforts to support the Compact's overall mission.
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Sustainable Development Goals in Southeast Asia and ASEAN: National and Regional Approaches
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International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World
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the UN Global Compact, in partnership with the Lloyd's Register Foundation and the French
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Beyond the Bottom Line: Integrating Sustainability into Business and Management Practice
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Learning To Talk: Corporate Citizenship and the Development of the UN Global Compact
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With the end of the support from UNDP Bulgaria, the Global Compact Local Network in
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9 Encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies.
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Bardy, Roland; Rubens, Arthur; Saner, Raymond; Yiu, Lichia (18 February 2021).
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Governing Through Goals: Sustainable Development Goals as Governance Innovation
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8 Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility; and
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6 The elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.
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Fussler, Claude; Cramer, Aron; Vegt, Sebastian van der (8 September 2017).
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addresses a seemingly intractable urban issue. In 2007, the then Director,
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Melbourne became the first city to engage the Global Compact in June 2001.
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Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)
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One such example is the SDG Compass, developed in collaboration with the
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10 Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including
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Gudic, Milenko; Tan, Tay Keong; Flynn, Patricia M. (10 September 2020).
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Public Goods, Sustainable Development and the Contribution of Business
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The United Nations Global Compact: Achievements, Trends and Challenges
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The first Global Compact Leaders Summit, chaired by Secretary-General
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McIntosh, Malcolm; Waddock, Sandra; Kell, Georg (29 September 2017).
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Cities and Global Governance: New Sites for International Relations
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Turker, Duygu; Toker, Huriye; Altuntas, Ceren (18 December 2013).
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Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
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United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP-FI)
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4 The elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labour;
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2 Make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses.
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to get businesses and firms worldwide to adopt sustainable and
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together with UN agencies, labour groups and civil society.
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The UN Global Compact was announced by UN Secretary-General
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Holzhacker, Ronald L.; Agussalim, Dafri (14 January 2019).
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Szelągowska, Anna; Pluta-Zaremba, Aneta (19 October 2021).
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United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
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Raising the Bar: Creating Value with the UN Global Compact
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Biermann, Frank; Pattberg, Philipp (1 November 2008).
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Contemporary Issues in Corporate Social Responsibility
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World Federalist Movement/Institute for Global Policy
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Whanake: The Pacific Journal of Community Development
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Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
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International Journal of Social Research Methodology
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United Nations Global Compact Network Australia. 335:World Business Council for Sustainable Development 157:on 31 January 1999 and was officially launched at 4611:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 2726:"Communication on Engagement | UN Global Compact" 2623:"UN Global Compact Expels Thousands of Companies" 1294:Human Rights: A Key Idea for Business and Society 1160:Therien, Jean-Philippe; Pouliot, Vincent (2006). 1572:Kanie, Norichika; Biermann, Frank (5 May 2017). 5408:Organizations established by the United Nations 5245:Environmental, social, and corporate governance 4585:World Federation of United Nations Associations 4080:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 1136:Research Handbook on Transnational Corporations 208: 165:works on the basis of a mandate set out by the 1853:"December 2009 Dear Rotary District Governors" 1551:. Notre Dame, Ind: Univ. of Notre Dame Press. 243:5 The effective abolition of child labour; and 233:and the effective recognition of the right to 4711: 3143: 3083:World Constitution and Parliament Association 2930: 2500:Rasche, Andreas; Kell, Georg (16 June 2010). 295: 8: 4480:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 2560:American University International Law Review 2150:"Work with a Local Network to Advance Peace" 343:Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 204:United Nations Convention Against Corruption 175:Sustainable Stock Exchanges (SSE) initiative 39: 2044:Scerri, Andy; James, Paul (February 2010). 1445:The Economics of Sustainable Transformation 179:Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) 83:Sanda Ojiambo, CEO & Executive Director 4718: 4704: 4696: 4573:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 4485:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities 3886: 3206: 3150: 3136: 3128: 2937: 2923: 2915: 2621:Cheeseman, Gina-Marie (16 February 2012). 1723:Annual Review of Environment and Resources 1632:Annual Review of Environment and Resources 1286: 1284: 866:"Business Application | UN Global Compact" 841:"Business Application | UN Global Compact" 45: 38: 2676: 2453:Utting, Peter; Zammit, Ann (1 May 2009). 2039: 2037: 1744:1983/93c742bc-4895-42ac-be81-535f36c5039d 1742: 1692: 1643: 914: 912: 526:In 2007, the Secretariat moved from the 487:Learn how and when to remove this message 4002:Conference on International Organization 2794:"UN Global Compact | Coca-Cola HBC" 2665:Lex Social: Revista de Derechos Sociales 1645:10.1146/annurev.environ.33.050707.085733 944: 942: 5382: 5079:Pollutant release and transfer register 3917:Office international d'hygiène publique 1470:"Seaweed Manifesto | UN Global Compact" 778: 3712:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General 2862:"Our Participants - UN Global Compact" 2780:"Bayer supports the UN Global Compact" 2701:"Our Participants | UN Global Compact" 2355:"UNDP Syria - UN Syria Global Compact" 1841:. United Nations Global Compact. 2010. 1495:"Launch of the Safe Seaweed Coalition" 161:in New York City on 26 July 2000. The 4864:Principles for Responsible Investment 4626:UN television film series (1964–1966) 4378:International Narcotics Control Board 4309:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 4097:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 4068:Convention on the Rights of the Child 4046:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 2961:United Nations Parliamentary Assembly 2352:Info on the Syria case available at: 2259:Hoessle, Ulrike (12 September 2017). 2135:UN Global Compact, Cities Programme, 2115:UN Global Compact, Cities Programme, 1735:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011104 1318:Dumalaon, Janelle (14 October 2015). 1191:Williams, Oliver F. (21 April 2023). 752:Manifesto for a Global Economic Ethic 7: 5418:United Nations Development Programme 5413:United Nations Environment Programme 5353: 4450:United Nations Postal Administration 4085:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 3804:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 1938:The Journal of Corporate Citizenship 1822:United Nations Global Compact Office 1382:The Journal of Corporate Citizenship 1343:The Journal of Corporate Citizenship 1224:The Journal of Corporate Citizenship 598:United Nations Development Programme 425:adding citations to reliable sources 393:UN Global Compact – Cities Programme 144:Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3853:Permanent representatives to the UN 3742:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs 2283:"UN Global Compact Network Germany" 2176:"Engage Locally- UN Global Compact" 1526:. Lexington Books. pp. 74–76. 1291:Buhmann, Karin (13 December 2021). 380:, was held on 5–6 July 2007 at the 5043:Environmental full-cost accounting 4662:Withdrawal from the United Nations 3848:Security Council Permanent members 2640:Dickens, Amy (25 September 2015). 2379:Global Policy Forum Europe (ed.), 2220:Global Compact Network Bulgaria - 2194:"Global Compact Network Australia" 1994:Scerri, Andy; James, Paul (2010). 639:develop joint practical solutions. 25: 5423:International Labour Organization 4647:United Nations in popular culture 4331:Expulsion from the United Nations 4276:General Assembly President (2016) 2533:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 1673:American Journal of Public Health 1667:Esty, DC; Bell, ML (April 2018). 1320:"'Turn risks into opportunities'" 897:Coco, Kristen (8 December 2014). 811:Anita Chepkoech (22 April 2022). 331:Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) 5385: 5352: 5343: 5342: 5332: 4917: 4824:Extended producer responsibility 4679: 3111: 2092:"Ethical Cities - Online Course" 1946:10.9774/GLEAF.4700.2003.au.00014 1394:10.9774/GLEAF.4700.2015.se.00004 1355:10.9774/GLEAF.4700.2014.ma.00005 1236:10.9774/GLEAF.4700.2016.de.00005 401: 5428:Corporate social responsibility 5033:Eco-Management and Audit Scheme 4235:International Court of Justice 3784:Sport for Development and Peace 1973:. Routledge. pp. 111–135. 1578:. MIT Press. pp. 196–199. 762:Corporate social responsibility 436:"United Nations Global Compact" 412:needs additional citations for 229:3 Businesses should uphold the 27:Non-binding United Nations pact 5305:Socially responsible marketing 5300:Socially responsible investing 3912:Permanent Court of Arbitration 3907:International Peace Conference 3274:International Court of Justice 2659:Carby-Hall, Jo (8 July 2020). 2604:"UN fails uncontacted Indians" 2506:. Cambridge University Press. 1057:Leadership and Business Ethics 256:7 Businesses should support a 1: 5295:Socially responsible business 4445:Sustainable Development Goals 3972:Declaration by United Nations 3897:International Telegraph Union 3078:Campaign for World Government 2000:Community Development Journal 925:. Routledge. pp. 53–63. 880:"About the UN Global Compact" 621:Global Compact Network France 354:Sustainable Development Goals 101:United Nations Global Compact 5240:Environmental pricing reform 4771:environmental responsibility 4373:International Criminal Court 3809:UN organizations by location 3099:Provisional Earth Federation 2419:Bruno. K. and Karliner. J., 1547:Williams, Oliver F. (2014). 1065:10.1007/978-94-024-2111-8_20 1051:Williams, Oliver F. (2022). 949:Ruggie, John Gerard (2001). 350:Millennium Development Goals 260:to environmental challenges; 140:Millennium Development Goals 32:Global Compact for Migration 5270:Market governance mechanism 5126:Global Reporting Initiative 5096:standards and certification 5003:Social return on investment 4507:Security Council veto power 3814:Sexual Violence in Conflict 3737:Economic and Social Affairs 3308:Economic and Social Council 2269:10.13140/RG.2.2.27136.43523 1499:Lloyd's Register Foundation 1218:Moody-Stuart, Mark (2016). 1139:. Edward Elgar Publishing. 1112:. Oxford University Press. 757:Global Reporting Initiative 747:Global Compact on Migration 5444: 5210:Community interest company 5154:Community-based monitoring 4988:Genuine progress indicator 4558:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea 4383:International Day of Peace 3865:General Assembly Observers 3188:General Assembly President 2554:Bunn, Isabella D. (2004). 2459:Journal of Business Ethics 2439:Knight. G. and Smith. J., 1002:Journal of Business Ethics 29: 5328: 5235:Environmental degradation 5084:Sustainability accounting 4948:Ethical positioning index 4915: 4675: 4102:World Heritage Convention 3990:Dumbarton Oaks Conference 3700:General Assembly Building 3165: 3107: 3012:Democratic mundialization 2899:. United Nations Newswire 2471:10.1007/s10551-008-9917-7 2126:, accessed 17 August 2020 2062:10.1080/13645570902864145 1178:10.1163/19426720-01201006 1014:10.1007/s10551-005-3413-0 967:10.1163/19426720-00704003 742:Circles of Sustainability 552:Circles of Sustainability 538:, itself affiliated with 521:Circles of Sustainability 44: 5265:Health impact assessment 5136:Sustainability reporting 5105:Toxics Release Inventory 4899:Transparency (behavioral 4874:Social impact assessment 4763:Corporate accountability 4408:Military Staff Committee 3747:Dag Hammarskjöld Library 3250:Deputy Secretary-General 3179:Deputy Secretary-General 3063:Global citizens movement 3042:Transnational governance 3007:Democratic globalization 2582:The Business Ethics Blog 1685:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304336 1376:Hoessle, Ulrike (2015). 1337:Hoessle, Ulrike (2014). 1197:. Taylor & Francis. 116:corporate sustainability 30:Not to be confused with 5320:Supply chain management 5260:Global justice movement 5059:profit-and-loss account 4579:Woodrow Wilson Memorial 4541:UN International School 4536:UN Federal Credit Union 4517:Security Council reform 4353:Four Nations Initiative 4281:Security Council (2016) 4124:Security Council vetoes 3255:Under-Secretary-General 3073:World Service Authority 2678:10.46661/lexsocial.5067 2426:8 February 2017 at the 2122:21 October 2020 at the 1265:Jennings, Anne (2018). 767:Sustainable development 601:Social Responsibility". 532:Global Cities Institute 528:Committee For Melbourne 202:in accordance with the 65:Framework and Mechanism 5285:SDG Publishers Compact 5047:Environmental conflict 4854:Organizational justice 4529:Security Council mural 4495:Millennium Declaration 4440:SDG Publishers Compact 3902:Universal Postal Union 3092:Provisional government 2608:International Survival 2138:, accessed 17 May 2021 1932:Teller, David (2003). 296: 287: 258:precautionary approach 231:freedom of association 5275:Product certification 5074:Life-cycle assessment 4993:Performance indicator 4884:Social responsibility 4849:Organizational ethics 4779:social responsibility 4667:Women in peacekeeping 4326:Drug control treaties 2981:World taxation system 1907:"Rotary & the UN" 235:collective bargaining 163:Global Compact Office 153:in an address to the 5280:Public participation 5215:Conflict of interest 4805:inequality in the UK 4797:in the United States 4789:Environmental racism 4621:United Nations Radio 4616:United Nations Medal 4568:University for Peace 4299:Bretton Woods system 4034:governed territories 3779:Developing Countries 3690:Secretariat Building 3559:Specialized agencies 2287:www.globalcompact.de 1860:Rotary International 996:Kell, Georg (2005). 421:improve this article 387:Rotary International 155:World Economic Forum 112:socially responsible 5250:Ethical consumerism 5200:Benefit corporation 5092:metrics and indices 4894:Sullivan principles 4809:injustice in Europe 4393:International Years 4358:Genocide Convention 3794:Outer Space Affairs 3789:Disarmament Affairs 3754:Safety and Security 3695:Conference Building 3675:Secretariat offices 3320:Trusteeship Council 2751:"UN Global Compact" 2730:unglobalcompact.org 2705:unglobalcompact.org 2248:About GC Bulgaria - 2180:unglobalcompact.org 2156:. UN Global Compact 2154:unglobalcompact.org 1474:unglobalcompact.org 845:unglobalcompact.org 791:unglobalcompact.org 167:UN General Assembly 92:unglobalcompact.org 41: 5338:Environment portal 5110:Triple bottom line 5038:Emission inventory 4943:Double bottom line 4889:Stakeholder theory 4413:Official languages 3960:London Declaration 3769:Internal Oversight 3759:Palestinian Rights 3331:Funds, programmes, 3022:Global citizenship 2966:World constitution 2800:on 4 February 2016 2584:. 22 December 2008 2012:10.1093/cdj/bsp013 1913:on 19 October 2014 1095:. 1 February 1999. 652:sustainable growth 382:Palais des Nations 193:The Ten Principles 18:The Global Compact 5373: 5372: 5290:Social enterprise 5195:Bangladesh Accord 5055:management system 5051:impact assessment 5028:Carbon accounting 4958:Impact assessment 4909:UN Global Compact 4801:in Western Europe 4753:Aarhus Convention 4693: 4692: 4524:UN Art Collection 4500:Millennium Summit 4455:UN Block By Block 4435:Ralph Bunche Park 4403:UN laissez-passer 4363:UN Global Compact 4320:Delivering as One 4219:Secretary-General 4110: 4109: 4090:Indigenous Caucus 3984:Tehran Conference 3978:Moscow Conference 3953:Preparatory years 3922:League of Nations 3822: 3821: 3722:Palace of Nations 3424:UNEP/GRID-Arendal 3240:Secretary-General 3183:Amina J. Mohammed 3170:Secretary-General 3125: 3124: 3027:Global governance 2946:Global governance 2540:978-1-5275-6625-5 2513:978-0-521-14553-4 2406:978-1-351-28115-7 2361:on 9 January 2010 2263:. Working Paper. 1612:978-90-04-39194-9 1585:978-0-262-03562-0 1533:978-0-7391-8374-8 1455:978-1-000-48430-4 1428:978-1-000-16092-5 1304:978-1-000-48487-8 1204:978-1-000-94942-1 1166:Global Governance 1146:978-1-78347-691-6 1119:978-0-19-880228-0 1074:978-94-024-2110-1 955:Global Governance 932:978-1-351-28090-7 903:UN Global Compact 884:UN Global Compact 501:City of Melbourne 497: 496: 489: 471: 316:international law 206:adopted in 2003. 103:is a non-binding 97: 96: 40:UN Global Compact 16:(Redirected from 5435: 5390: 5389: 5381: 5356: 5355: 5346: 5345: 5336: 4921: 4839:Little Eichmanns 4720: 4713: 4706: 4697: 4686:World portal 4684: 4683: 4590:Biopiracy treaty 4176:Nagorno-Karabakh 4146:Security Council 4129:General Assembly 4056:Human Rights Day 3996:Yalta Conference 3966:Atlantic Charter 3887: 3843:Founding members 3764:Peace Operations 3648:World Bank Group 3342:Culture of Peace 3333:and other bodies 3286:Security Council 3262:General Assembly 3228:Principal organs 3207: 3174:António Guterres 3152: 3145: 3138: 3129: 3118:World portal 3116: 3115: 3037:Internationalism 3017:Global apartheid 2976:World federalism 2971:World government 2939: 2932: 2925: 2916: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2844: 2838: 2837: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2816: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2796:. 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3194: 3192:Dennis Francis 3185: 3176: 3166: 3163: 3162: 3159:United Nations 3157: 3155: 3154: 3147: 3140: 3132: 3123: 3122: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3101: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3049: 3047:World currency 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2998: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2944: 2942: 2941: 2934: 2927: 2919: 2911: 2910: 2888: 2867: 2853: 2839: 2825: 2811: 2785: 2770: 2756: 2742: 2717: 2692: 2671:(2): 130–173. 2651: 2632: 2613: 2610:. 5 July 2011. 2595: 2569: 2546: 2539: 2519: 2512: 2492: 2445: 2432: 2412: 2405: 2385: 2372: 2345: 2331: 2317: 2301:"Travel India" 2292: 2274: 2251: 2240: 2213: 2199: 2185: 2167: 2148:Mylly, Tiina. 2140: 2128: 2108: 2083: 2033: 2006:(2): 219–236. 1986: 1979: 1959: 1924: 1898: 1872: 1844: 1827: 1806: 1780: 1766: 1729:(1): 653–689. 1708: 1659: 1638:(1): 277–294. 1618: 1611: 1591: 1584: 1564: 1557: 1539: 1532: 1512: 1486: 1461: 1454: 1434: 1427: 1407: 1368: 1329: 1324:Deutsche Welle 1310: 1303: 1280: 1257: 1210: 1203: 1183: 1152: 1145: 1125: 1118: 1098: 1093:United Nations 1080: 1073: 1043: 1008:(1/2): 69–79. 988: 961:(4): 371–378. 938: 931: 908: 889: 871: 857: 832: 803: 777: 776: 774: 771: 770: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 737: 734: 724: 721: 698: 695: 694: 693: 687: 684: 683: 682: 676: 673: 672: 671: 665: 662: 661: 660: 656: 645: 642: 641: 640: 636: 630: 627: 626: 625: 615: 612: 611: 610: 602: 588: 585: 584: 583: 577: 574: 568: 567:Local networks 565: 544:climate change 499:In 2001, the 495: 494: 409: 407: 400: 394: 391: 369: 366: 361:carbon pricing 307: 304: 294:' Encyclical 286: 285: 268: 267: 264: 261: 248: 247: 244: 241: 238: 221: 220: 217: 194: 191: 105:United Nations 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 81: 78: 75: 74: 71: 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5440: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5366: 5365:Organizations 5363: 5361: 5360: 5351: 5349: 5341: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5330: 5327: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5225:Disinvestment 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5173:certification 5170: 5167: 5164: 5163:certification 5160: 5159:Environmental 5157: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5117: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5018:Environmental 5015: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4962:environmental 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4925: 4920: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4732: 4731:environmental 4728: 4721: 4716: 4714: 4709: 4707: 4702: 4701: 4698: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4674: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4597: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4525: 4522: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4470:Treaty Series 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4210: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4147: 4144: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3924: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3879: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3830:and observers 3825: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3774:Legal Affairs 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3745: 3744: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3672: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3555: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3306: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3284: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3237: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3226: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3199: 3193: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3153: 3148: 3146: 3141: 3139: 3134: 3133: 3130: 3120: 3119: 3114: 3106: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3056:Organisations 3054: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2940: 2935: 2933: 2928: 2926: 2921: 2920: 2917: 2898: 2892: 2889: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2863: 2857: 2854: 2849: 2843: 2840: 2835: 2829: 2826: 2821: 2815: 2812: 2799: 2795: 2789: 2786: 2781: 2774: 2771: 2766: 2760: 2757: 2752: 2746: 2743: 2731: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2706: 2702: 2696: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2655: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2636: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2617: 2614: 2609: 2605: 2599: 2596: 2583: 2579: 2573: 2570: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2550: 2547: 2542: 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Routledge. 2398: 2397: 2389: 2386: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2360: 2356: 2349: 2346: 2341: 2335: 2332: 2327: 2321: 2318: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2278: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2244: 2241: 2228: 2224: 2217: 2214: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2195: 2189: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2171: 2168: 2155: 2151: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2112: 2109: 2097: 2093: 2087: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1990: 1987: 1982: 1980:9781315572086 1976: 1972: 1971: 1963: 1960: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1928: 1925: 1912: 1908: 1902: 1899: 1886: 1882: 1876: 1873: 1861: 1854: 1848: 1845: 1837: 1831: 1828: 1823: 1816: 1810: 1807: 1795:. 6 July 2007 1794: 1790: 1784: 1781: 1776: 1770: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1712: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1663: 1660: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1622: 1619: 1614: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1568: 1565: 1560: 1558:9780268044299 1554: 1550: 1543: 1540: 1535: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1516: 1513: 1500: 1496: 1490: 1487: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1457: 1451: 1448:. Routledge. 1447: 1446: 1438: 1435: 1430: 1424: 1421:. Routledge. 1420: 1419: 1411: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1372: 1369: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1349:(53): 27–60. 1348: 1344: 1340: 1333: 1330: 1325: 1321: 1314: 1311: 1306: 1300: 1297:. Routledge. 1296: 1295: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1261: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1230:(64): 23–32. 1229: 1225: 1221: 1214: 1211: 1206: 1200: 1196: 1195: 1187: 1184: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1156: 1153: 1148: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1129: 1126: 1121: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1102: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1084: 1081: 1076: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1047: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 992: 989: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 945: 943: 939: 934: 928: 924: 923: 915: 913: 909: 904: 900: 893: 890: 885: 881: 875: 872: 867: 861: 858: 846: 842: 836: 833: 820: 819: 814: 807: 804: 792: 788: 782: 779: 772: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 739: 735: 733: 729: 722: 720: 717: 711: 707: 705: 696: 690: 689: 685: 679: 678: 674: 668: 667: 663: 657: 653: 648: 647: 643: 637: 633: 632: 628: 622: 618: 617: 613: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 590: 586: 580: 579: 575: 573: 566: 564: 560: 556: 553: 549: 548:globalization 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 524: 522: 518: 512: 509: 507: 502: 491: 488: 480: 469: 466: 462: 459: 455: 452: 448: 445: 441: 438: –  437: 433: 432:Find sources: 426: 422: 416: 415: 410:This article 408: 404: 399: 398: 392: 390: 388: 383: 379: 375: 367: 365: 362: 357: 355: 351: 346: 344: 340: 336: 332: 327: 323: 321: 317: 313: 305: 303: 300: 299: 293: 283: 279: 275: 274: 273: 272: 265: 262: 259: 255: 254: 253: 252: 245: 242: 239: 236: 232: 228: 227: 226: 225: 218: 215: 214: 213: 212: 207: 205: 201: 192: 190: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 147: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 120: 117: 113: 109: 106: 102: 93: 90: 86: 82: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 5357: 5230:Eco-labeling 5205:Child labour 5100:supply chain 5098: / 5094: / 5090: / 5086: / 5057: / 5053: / 5049: / 5045: / 4908: 4819:Ethical code 4807: / 4803: / 4799: / 4795: / 4791: / 4777: / 4773: / 4769: / 4765: / 4677: 4639: 4631: 4577: 4423:Peacekeeping 4398:Interpreters 4362: 4318: 4019:Peacekeeping 3937:organization 3838:Full members 3799:Partnerships 3685:Headquarters 3407:peacekeeping 3109: 2948:and identity 2901:. 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Index

The Global Compact
Global Compact for Migration

unglobalcompact.org
United Nations
pact
socially responsible
corporate sustainability
Millennium Development Goals
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Kofi Annan
World Economic Forum
UN Headquarters
UN General Assembly
UN System
Sustainable Stock Exchanges (SSE) initiative
Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP-FI)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
corruption
United Nations Convention Against Corruption
freedom of association
collective bargaining
precautionary approach
extortion
bribery
Pope Francis
Laudato Si'
soft law
international law

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