881:, Leader of the Opposition, held that any proposal for "provincial reciprocity" would pressure the "Dominion Government to go on their marrow bones to the American Republic and ask them for better trade relations...it would show the Americans that we were in some dire distress, and without some assistance from them in the shape of trade relations, we were at their mercy. I think that when an important case, such as the question of trade relations with the United States is pending, the local Legislature should remain quiet, and let the Dominion Government carry the burden." McLeod also presaged his own proposed amendments to Liberal "reciprocity" trade resolutions--"we hope the negotiations will result in establishing the freest trade relations between the countries, consistent with the exigencies of the Dominion and our relations with Great Britain"—with his interpretations of lulls in "
661:
31:
231:
885:" deliberations: "formerly our Liberal friends advocated doing away with the Legislative Council, but they do not advocate that now in this House. It would not be pleasing to some of their friends in the other branch of the Legislature." Alterations to Liberal "reciprocity" resolutions proved more divisive within Conservative ranks than narratives of the origins of "
271:
781:, as doing so would help Britain "continue for all time to be an integral part of the greatest of all World-Powers, supreme on sea and unassailable on land, permanently delivered from all fear of hostile attack, and capable of wielding irresistible influence in all parts of this planet." The Scottish-born American
696:(acting as Foreign Secretary in his uncle Salisbury's absence) instructed a policy of strict non-interference. This ardent permissiveness toward American action set Britain apart from other European powers and was particularly decisive in the easy American victory, in light of British naval supremacy.
902:
measure to propose, we are in unison with them." Conservative appraisals of "provincial reciprocity" as a question of legislative sovereignty, rather than solely international commerce and political economy, became crucial for fictional and nonfictional narratives of Anglo-American reunion as well as
400:
effectively ended the currency issue, thereby securing
British loans in the United States and putting the two countries on the same terms of trade. The resolution of the currency issue thus also served to realign Republican Party opinion in favor of the British at the turn of the century, paving the
925:
envisioned a future in which the US and
Britain would form a close military alliance and in a decades-long war defeat and subdue all other nations, uniting the world under their joint rule—with Washington, D.C., and London serving as joint planetary capitals and the US President and British Monarch
860:
The
Atlantic Maritimes played an important role in furthering reconciliation on the eve of the Great Rapprochement. The 1890 appointment of Massachusetts Republican and fishing magnate Isaac C. Hall, a key figure in developing conceptions of "provincial reciprocity," as U.S. Consul to Prince Edward
418:
in the United States, British government was split between the
Conservative Party (1895–1905) and the Liberal Party (1905–16). The Republican Party became noticeably warmer toward Britain during the period, while the shift from Conservative to Liberal government favored the United States in London.
257:
rejected both the applicability and legal validity of the Monroe doctrine and asserted that
Britain remained an imperial power in the Americas. Cleveland responded in kind, establishing an investigatory commission to determine the true boundary and publicly stating that his administration would use
160:
British Empire rapidly diminished after 1865. The United States emerged from the Civil War as a major industrial power with a renewed commitment to a stronger federal government as opposed to one ruled by individual states, permitting engagement in imperial expansion and economic globalization. The
897:
countered that "when the
Dominion Government want to undertake some great measure, such as a treaty with the United States, he knows that instead of being weakened by the assistance of Local Parliaments, they will be strengthened by that assistance. I do not mean to say that we ought to raise any
892:
In Prince Edward Island, Conservative challenges against "provincial reciprocity" did not preclude
Conservative advocacy for U.S. trade treaties by "Dominion reciprocity" with "provincial" support. For example, when a Liberal delegate accused Conservatives of attempting to "press upon the Dominion
687:
rushed to express
British sympathies to the Americans. Most European powers remained aloof from the conflict, fearing American retaliation, but publicly urged peace. The Salisbury ministry, by contrast, secretly sought McKinley's personal approval before urging peace and went so far as to expedite
261:
Partly due to the influence of business interests, who feared war between the powers, tensions were defused. The
British cabinet agreed to approach the Americans diplomatically, and Great Britain and Venezuela signed an arbitration agreement in 1896. In 1899, the arbitration committee ultimately
352:
of every other nation; shall we, their descendants, when we have grown to seventy millions, declare that we are less independent than our forefathers? No, my friends, that will never be the verdict of our people. Therefore, we care not upon what lines the battle is fought. If they say
618:
Shortly after the arbitration agreement in the
Venezuela crisis, Secretary Olney and Ambassador Pauncefote reached an agreement to settle all further disputes between the United States and Great Britain via arbitration. The treaty was approved by President Cleveland during his
645:, was that the British public took the side of the Cuban revolutionaries against Spanish colonial rule. Attitudes within the Salisbury ministry, however, were cooler. Conservative disposition opposed anti-colonial revolution as a rule and Britain had previously favored
143:
of the British Empire), stoked continued American popular resentment toward the British. Americans considered Britain their "natural enemy" and "prime villain," though acknowledged closer cultural and political affinity with Britain than with mainland European nations.
239:
873:. These conflicts began with U.S. Senate Republicans' 1885 abrogation of fishery articles in the Treaty of Washington, U.S. Senate Republicans' rejection of the 1888 Bayard-Chamberlain Treaty (after passage of the Retaliation Act), and the
262:
awarded Britain ninety percent of the disputed territory. The resolution of the crisis through arbitration (rather than war) and its establishment of the United States' free hand in the Americas served to ease British-American tensions.
293:
American currency policy was a dominant domestic issue throughout the 19th century with an international tinge. Generally speaking, banking interests, which were then heavily centered in
836:
In addition to geopolitical alignment brought about by the American turn toward empire, the United States and Great Britain resolved long-held trade disputes during the period.
2238:
340:, Bryan directly accused England of interference in American economic sovereignty and framed outright bimetallism without international approval as a nationalist alternative:
447:
321:. Many American manufacturing interests therefore called for "sound currency," meaning either acceptance of the international gold standard or bimetallism contingent upon
1789:
1645:
988:
797:
appeared to threaten. The US seemed to understand and to some extent agree with British imperial aspirations, if not always with the methods used in their pursuit.
322:
733:
The United States emerged from the war as an imperial power with possessions around the globe, and a special interest in the approaches to what in 1914 became the
676:(wherein the Spanish Ambassador suggested that Great Britain desired war with the United States) outraged the Salisbury government, and after the sinking of the
870:
411:
1703:
889:." Although nine Conservative delegates (in addition to McLeod) voted for his amendments, three joined the Liberal bloc in defeating the proposed revisions.
1698:
790:
692:
introduced a reciprocal conciliatory measure to pay Britain a long-withheld arbitration award. Over Pauncefote's objection and with Chamberlain's support,
359:
instead of having a gold standard because England has, we will restore bimetallism, and then let England have bimetallism because the United States has it.
948:
861:
Island spurred Conservative calls for "Dominion reciprocity." The revived idea of "provincial reciprocity," distinguished from "Dominion reciprocity" by
453:
1799:
349:
118:
874:
1654:
623:
session and submitted to Congress with support from many academics and peace advocates, but was rejected resoundingly by the United States Senate.
684:
286:
The British acquiescence to negotiation and arbitration in the Venezuelan crisis may have been influenced by a desire to avoid negotiation with
72:
The convergence was noted by statesmen and scholars of the time, but the term "Great Rapprochement" may have been coined by American historian
117:
was harshly negative for much of the 19th century. Enmity between the two nations, largely driven from the American side, had peaked amid the
1994:
898:
factious difficulties or anything of that kind, but we should in any and every way show the Dominion Government that when they have a really
438:
1590:
1464:
49:
hold hands and sit together in the background in a promotional poster for the United States and Great Britain Industrial Exposition (1898).
657:
rather than Conservative), who now gave speeches in support of American intervention and privately suggested an outright alliance to Hay.
668:
played a decisive role in the largely naval conflict and marked a turning point in the diplomatic relationship between the two countries.
385:, Harvey went so far as to argue that the total extermination of the English name from the face of the planet would be popular and just.
1638:
247:
2075:
939:
was written to encourage reconciliation between Great Britain and the United States in the name of cooperative civilizing imperialism.
814:
1951:
852:
toward China garnered much goodwill on the western side of the Atlantic and further accelerated the pace of rapprochement after 1900.
2130:
2024:
2058:
1614:
1274:
1096:
825:
821:
1567:
415:
333:
224:
200:
862:
708:
484:
313:
of the American dollar also had implications for access to international trade, which was dominated by the gold-backed British
1968:
1963:
741:'s economy and navy, and it was cutting back on potential conflicts on its periphery to focus on the rising threat across the
1631:
336:
nomination for President on a platform explicitly opposed to the sound currency argument. Near the conclusion of his famous
1513:
The Parliamentary Reporter, or Debates and Proceedings of the House of Assembly, of Prince Edward Island, for the Year 1892
1978:
730:
remarked that the most significant event of the 20th century would be "the fact that the North Americans speak English."
2039:
1884:
1758:
991:
in 1902, that Pauncefote had secretly asked McKinley's permission to join the European calls for peace outraged Germany.
904:
699:
At times, formal permissiveness crossed into material or moral support. During the 90-day war, Britain sold coal to the
93:
89:
73:
2155:
613:
1914:
1845:
866:
720:
637:
In the early stages of the Spanish–American War of 1898, the common belief in the United States, fueled by Ambassador
1946:
1323:
1919:
810:
1784:
931:
646:
174:
2145:
1811:
665:
632:
1746:
894:
878:
688:
the sale of two cruisers to the United States as part of its mobilization effort. At Hay's suggestion, Senator
1419:
Brothers Across The Ocean: British Foreign Policy and the Origins of the Anglo-American 'Special Relationship'
1251:
2208:
2198:
2140:
2080:
1926:
1753:
1736:
968:
886:
882:
806:
180:
97:
1999:
1936:
1719:
1211:
778:
704:
654:
547:
329:
287:
275:
1941:
2085:
1763:
1673:
1426:
472:
1532:
Neale, Robert G. (1953). "British-American Relations During the Spanish-American War: Some Problems".
1291:
2090:
2009:
2004:
1724:
1520:
953:
922:
620:
575:
378:
337:
216:
2070:
1833:
1804:
1600:
737:. At the same time, the British Empire was coming under increasing pressure from the growth of the
374:
345:
85:
46:
2203:
2170:
2135:
2014:
1931:
1909:
1889:
1855:
789:
declined, London realized the value of a long-term ally that would prevent an upset in Britain's
785:
shared the goal by telling Stead, "We are heading straight to the Re-United States." As American
769:
By 1901, many influential Britons advocated for a closer relationship between the two countries.
700:
393:
370:
318:
250:
220:
162:
2190:
2175:
2051:
2019:
1973:
1610:
1586:
1563:
1557:
1460:
1270:
1092:
1088:
727:
716:
689:
673:
660:
587:
541:
490:
466:
397:
204:
157:
1264:
723:
at the onset of war, the British soldiers and sailors in the harbor openly cheered for them.
2185:
2065:
1860:
1794:
1741:
1683:
1474:
849:
677:
566:
389:
235:
208:
136:
219:
of the Doctrine and asserting American authority to arbitrate all boundary disputes in the
2165:
2160:
1828:
1688:
1668:
1486:
1266:
Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: A Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia
963:
936:
782:
758:
478:
186:
81:
1431:
1186:
392:, paving the way for fourteen years of unanimous Republican government. Soon after, the
30:
2109:
1956:
1838:
1823:
1731:
1693:
1604:
1546:
1500:
794:
693:
553:
517:
314:
254:
192:
129:
114:
62:
57:
was the convergence of diplomatic, political, military, and economic objectives of the
17:
1623:
1433:
Great Britain and the United States: A History of Anglo-American Relations (1783-1952)
2232:
2102:
2097:
1768:
1678:
1081:
958:
917:
738:
581:
505:
362:
310:
298:
279:
212:
196:
165:
therefore generated or expanded Anglo-American geopolitical and commercial networks.
58:
734:
712:
535:
511:
258:"every means in its power" to prevent British expansion into Venezuelan territory.
153:
122:
270:
230:
820:
After a final British flirtation with Germany's anti-American designs during the
381:
echoed this theme in their speeches, alarming British opinion. In his 1894 tract
348:
over again. Our ancestors, when but three millions in number, had the courage to
139:
and disputes over borders and fishing rights between the U.S. and Canada (then a
2217:
2180:
2150:
2114:
2045:
2030:
1874:
786:
770:
642:
357:
is good, but that we cannot have it until other nations help us, we reply that,
354:
306:
302:
66:
207:, called for a vigorous American enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine. President
1850:
1816:
1582:
1456:
1444:
Race and Rapprochement: Anglo-Saxonism and Anglo-American Relations, 1895–1904
529:
1491:
British-American Diplomacy 1895–1917: Early Years of the Special Relationship
1865:
742:
650:
282:
as a threat to the London-based systems of international trade and finance.
42:
38:
34:
1252:
http://www.siwps.org/wp-content/uploads/Mitrovich-THE-FATEFUL-TRIANGLE.pdf
845:
638:
523:
140:
84:
in the United States, British withdrawal from the Western Hemisphere to
1227:
The Relations of the United States and Spain: The Spanish–American War
294:
135:, direct hostilities declined. However, other incidents, such as the
1579:
Made in Britain: Nation and Emigration in Nineteenth-Century America
1453:
Dreamworlds of Race: Empire and the Utopian Destiny of Anglo-America
805:
As part of the process of imperial retrenchment, Britain resolved a
191:, claiming that Britain sought to expand their territorial claim in
152:
The fundamental socioeconomic distinctions between the agrarian and
1079:
Michael Edward Brown; Sean M. Lynn-Jones; Steven E. Miller (1996).
1525:
Blood, Class, and Empire: The Enduring Anglo–American Relationship
754:
659:
290:, a leading candidate for President of the United States in 1896.
269:
229:
29:
1548:
The Great Rapprochement: England and the United States, 1895—1914
824:, Britain and the United States embraced unreservedly during the
809:, withdrew its objections to an American-controlled canal in the
278:
served to alarm British interests, who saw his opposition to the
183:, working as a lobbyist for the Venezuelan government, published
1311:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 201–14.
664:
The British policy of non-intervention and tacit support in the
223:. Cleveland's acquiescence may also have been influenced by his
78:
The Great Rapprochement: England and the United States 1895–1914
1627:
409:
401:
way for rapprochement under successive Republican presidents.
65:
from 1895 to 1915, the two decades before American entry into
427:
301:
while agrarian and mining interests favored an inflationary
1606:
Succeeding John Bull: America in Britain's Place, 1900-1975
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
813:
of 1901, and agreed in 1902 to arbitrate a debt collection
398:
the legal adoption of a pure American gold standard in 1900
1124:
1122:
1120:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
361:
If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the
726:
Observing the war in the final months before his death,
242:
over Venezuela as the Republican Congress cheers him on.
1240:
English in Europe: The Acquisition of a Third Language
179:
In 1895, former United States ambassador to Venezuela
653:. The exception among the cabinet was Chamberlain (a
365:
as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost.
926:
being the joint Heads of State of this World State.
893:
Government to get a treaty with the United States,"
2123:
1987:
1900:
1777:
1712:
1661:
561:
United States ambassadors to the Court of St. James
1499:
1430:
1263:Will Kaufman; Heidi Slettedahl Macpherson (2005).
1080:
1429:(1955). "15: American Imperialism (1898–1912)".
1324:""Our Next Haul:" Complete HarpWeek Explanation"
405:Presidents and Prime Ministers during the period
1515:. Queen Street: George Gardiner, Steam Printer.
396:, a final failed international conference, and
342:
1639:
1216:. Glasgow: John Smith & Son. p. 174.
871:31st General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
309:policy to reduce or erase nominal debts. The
86:focus on preservation of its African colonies
8:
1296:. Horace Markley. pp. 396–399, 405–407.
113:American sentiment towards England and the
1646:
1632:
1624:
753:Washington refused to give support to the
266:The gold standard and the election of 1896
1376:
1364:
1352:
1340:
807:border conflict between Canada and Alaska
1400:
1047:
1035:
461:British ambassadors to the United States
80:. Perkins attributes the convergence to
1502:Anglo-American Understanding, 1898-1903
1446:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
1187:"Home - Theodore Roosevelt Association"
1173:
1161:
1128:
1111:
1066:
1023:
1011:
1004:
980:
865:construction of Article 33 in the 1871
128:. After 1872 and the settlement of the
2239:United Kingdom–United States relations
949:United Kingdom–United States relations
414:While the period was dominated by the
227:'s reliance on Irish-American voters.
185:British Aggressions in Venezuela: The
1140:
27:Improving US-UK relations (1895–1915)
7:
1388:
1309:Public Papers and Addresses: 1889-93
388:However, Bryan lost the election to
350:declare their political independence
274:The 1896 presidential nomination of
1655:International relations (1814–1919)
369:Other Bryanite populists including
248:Secretary of State for the Colonies
90:naval threat from the German Empire
1585:: University of California Press.
500:United States Secretaries of State
199:watershed. The Congress, led by a
96:and integration into the emerging
25:
1506:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
826:Theodore Roosevelt administration
444:Marquess of Salisbury (1895–1900)
1293:The Americanization of the World
1229:, French Ensor Chadwick, p. 156.
869:, contributed to debates in the
775:The Americanization of the World
169:1895 Venezuelan boundary dispute
76:in his 1968 study of the period
1437:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
875:1888 U.S. presidential election
777:for both to merge to unify the
709:submarine communications cables
649:to protect stable trade in the
1609:. Cambridge University Press.
1459:: Princeton University Press.
1:
2025:Kronstadt–Toulon naval visits
1979:1917 Franco-Russian agreement
1969:Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty
1534:Australian Historical Studies
1498:Campbell, Charles S. (1957).
1083:Debating the Democratic Peace
1885:Second Industrial Revolution
1759:League of the Three Emperors
1269:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 48–49.
822:Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03
801:Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03
672:However, publication of the
1915:Treaty of Versailles (1871)
1562:. Univ. of Nebraska Press.
1511:Crosskill, William (1892).
1307:Harrison, Benjamin (1893).
907:in the Atlantic Maritimes.
773:even proposed that year in
433:British Foreign Secretaries
2255:
1964:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905
1577:Tuffnell, Stephen (2020).
1559:The War With Spain in 1898
1551:. New York City: Atheneum.
1545:Perkins, Bradford (1968).
641:and Liberal pressmen like
630:
611:
172:
148:American industrialization
82:growing imperial ambitions
1785:European balance of power
1479:The Anglosphere Challenge
1442:Anderson, Stuart (1981).
987:The later revelation, by
647:Spanish control over Cuba
297:, favored a deflationary
253:, the British cabinet of
215:acquiesced, adopting the
175:Venezuelan crisis of 1895
2076:Venezuela Naval Blockade
1747:Anglo-Russian Convention
1556:Trask, David F. (1996).
1210:Risk, Robert K. (1908).
2081:Alaska boundary dispute
1754:Anglo-Japanese Alliance
1737:Franco-Russian Alliance
969:Alaska Boundary Dispute
903:burgeoning New England
863:Harrison Administration
715:'s fleet sailed out of
614:Olney–Pauncefote Treaty
608:Olney–Pauncefote Treaty
383:Coin's Financial School
323:international agreement
238:twists the tail of the
211:and Secretary of State
203:majority under Senator
181:William Lindsay Scruggs
98:global financial system
94:rapid industrialization
18:The Great Rapprochement
2000:Unification of Germany
1947:Taft–Katsura agreement
1417:Adams, Iestyn (2005).
989:the Viscount Cranborne
932:The White Man's Burden
844:Britain's adoption of
815:dispute with Venezuela
779:English-speaking world
705:United States military
669:
548:William Jennings Bryan
367:
330:William Jennings Bryan
288:William Jennings Bryan
283:
276:William Jennings Bryan
243:
156:United States and the
100:by the United States.
50:
2086:First Moroccan Crisis
1800:Spread of nationalism
1764:Eight-Nation Alliance
1521:Hitchens, Christopher
1451:Bell, Duncan (2020).
1290:Stead, W. T. (1901).
1191:Theodoreroosevelt.org
1087:. MIT Press. p.
856:Reciprocity in Canada
811:Hay–Pauncefote Treaty
663:
473:Michael Henry Herbert
448:Marquess of Lansdowne
273:
233:
33:
2091:Algeciras Conference
2071:Annexation of Hawaii
2010:Great Eastern Crisis
2005:Unification of Italy
1995:Formation of Romania
1812:French–German enmity
1601:Watt, Donald Cameron
954:Special Relationship
923:Edgar Rice Burroughs
867:Treaty of Washington
793:, which Germany and
666:Spanish–American War
633:Spanish–American War
627:Spanish–American War
576:Joseph Hodges Choate
379:Mary Elizabeth Lease
338:Cross of Gold speech
217:Olney interpretation
109:American Anglophobia
2156:Philippine–American
2141:First Sino-Japanese
1974:Racconigi agreement
1920:Treaty of Frankfurt
1880:Great Rapprochement
1834:Scramble for Africa
1367:, pp. 477–478.
1322:Kennedy, Robert C.
423:Other key diplomats
375:William Hope Harvey
344:It is the issue of
195:to incorporate the
55:Great Rapprochement
2015:Congress of Berlin
1932:Reinsurance Treaty
1910:Congress of Vienna
1890:Industrial warfare
1856:Scramble for China
1330:. Harper's Weekly.
1213:America at College
921:, American writer
911:In popular culture
701:United States Navy
670:
572:John Hay (1897–98)
394:Klondike Gold Rush
371:John Peter Altgeld
284:
251:Joseph Chamberlain
244:
221:Western Hemisphere
163:Reconstruction era
119:American Civil War
51:
2226:
2225:
2195:Albanian Revolts
2052:German Naval Laws
2036:Naval arms races
2020:Berlin Conference
1952:Hague Conventions
1403:, pp. 63–64.
1391:, pp. 43–64.
1343:, pp. 11–12.
1164:, pp. 32–39.
1143:, pp. 45–48.
1131:, pp. 20–26.
1069:, pp. 13–19.
728:Otto von Bismarck
711:. When Commodore
707:to use Britain's
690:Henry Cabot Lodge
685:Julian Pauncefote
599:
598:
588:Walter Hines Page
542:Philander C. Knox
491:Cecil Spring Rice
467:Julian Pauncefote
205:Henry Cabot Lodge
16:(Redirected from
2246:
2146:Spanish–American
2066:Fashoda Incident
1942:Treaty of Björkö
1927:Treaty of Berlin
1861:Open Door Policy
1795:Eastern question
1742:Entente Cordiale
1648:
1641:
1634:
1625:
1620:
1596:
1592:978-0-52034470-9
1573:
1552:
1541:
1528:
1516:
1507:
1505:
1494:
1487:Burton, David H.
1482:
1475:Bennet, James C.
1470:
1466:978-0-69119401-1
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1070:
1064:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
992:
985:
850:Open Door Policy
840:Open Door policy
791:balance of power
703:and allowed the
655:Liberal Unionist
567:Thomas F. Bayard
439:Earl of Kimberly
428:
416:Republican Party
390:William McKinley
334:Democratic Party
236:Grover Cleveland
225:Democratic Party
209:Grover Cleveland
137:Murchison letter
74:Bradford Perkins
21:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2161:Boxer Rebellion
2119:
1983:
1937:Treaty of Paris
1902:
1896:
1829:New Imperialism
1790:Ottoman decline
1773:
1720:Triple Alliance
1708:
1669:Austria-Hungary
1657:
1652:
1617:
1599:
1593:
1576:
1570:
1555:
1544:
1531:
1519:
1510:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1467:
1450:
1441:
1425:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1237:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1195:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1026:, pp. 4–6.
1022:
1018:
1010:
1006:
1001:
996:
995:
986:
982:
977:
964:New Imperialism
945:
937:Rudyard Kipling
913:
858:
842:
834:
803:
783:Andrew Carnegie
767:
765:Calls for union
759:Second Boer War
751:
749:Second Boer War
635:
629:
616:
610:
605:
600:
479:Mortimer Durand
454:Sir Edward Grey
425:
412:
410:
407:
268:
187:Monroe Doctrine
177:
171:
150:
111:
106:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2252:
2250:
2242:
2241:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2193:
2188:
2178:
2173:
2171:Russo-Japanese
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2136:Anglo-Egyptian
2133:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2110:Bosnian Crisis
2107:
2106:
2105:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2059:Austro-Italian
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1957:Martens Clause
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1839:Egyptian Lever
1826:
1824:Pax Britannica
1821:
1820:
1819:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1805:Sovereign debt
1802:
1797:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1732:Triple Entente
1729:
1728:
1727:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1699:United Kingdom
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1597:
1591:
1574:
1568:
1553:
1542:
1529:
1517:
1508:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1465:
1448:
1439:
1423:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1377:Crosskill 1892
1369:
1365:Crosskill 1892
1357:
1355:, p. 472.
1353:Crosskill 1892
1345:
1341:Crosskill 1892
1333:
1314:
1299:
1282:
1275:
1255:
1244:
1238:Jasone Cenoz,
1231:
1219:
1202:
1178:
1166:
1145:
1133:
1116:
1104:
1097:
1071:
1052:
1050:, p. 118.
1040:
1028:
1016:
1003:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
979:
978:
976:
973:
972:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
944:
941:
912:
909:
857:
854:
841:
838:
833:
830:
802:
799:
766:
763:
750:
747:
694:Arthur Balfour
674:De LĂ´me Letter
631:Main article:
628:
625:
612:Main article:
609:
606:
604:
601:
597:
596:
592:
591:
585:
579:
573:
570:
558:
557:
554:Robert Lansing
551:
545:
539:
533:
527:
521:
518:William R. Day
515:
509:
496:
495:
494:
488:
482:
476:
470:
458:
457:
451:
445:
442:
426:
424:
421:
408:
406:
403:
315:pound sterling
267:
264:
255:Lord Salisbury
193:British Guiana
170:
167:
158:industrialized
149:
146:
115:British Empire
110:
107:
105:
102:
63:British Empire
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2251:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Italo-Turkish
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2131:Russo-Turkish
2129:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:Treaty of Fes
2101:
2100:
2099:
2098:Agadir Crisis
2096:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1769:Balkan League
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1725:Dual Alliance
1723:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1704:United States
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1618:
1616:9780521250221
1612:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1458:
1455:. Princeton,
1454:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1401:Hitchens 2004
1397:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1379:, p. 15.
1378:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1276:9781851094318
1272:
1268:
1267:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1203:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1176:, p. 41.
1175:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1114:, p. 20.
1113:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1098:9780262522137
1094:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:Tuffnell 2020
1044:
1041:
1038:, p. 97.
1037:
1036:Tuffnell 2020
1032:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1005:
998:
990:
984:
981:
974:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
959:Samoan crisis
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
942:
940:
938:
934:
933:
927:
924:
920:
919:
918:The Moon Maid
910:
908:
906:
901:
896:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
855:
853:
851:
847:
839:
837:
831:
829:
828:(1901–1909).
827:
823:
818:
816:
812:
808:
800:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
764:
762:
760:
756:
748:
746:
744:
740:
739:German Empire
736:
731:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
686:
683:, Ambassador
682:
681:
675:
667:
662:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
634:
626:
624:
622:
615:
607:
603:Rapprochement
602:
595:
589:
586:
583:
582:Whitelaw Reid
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
564:
563:
562:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
506:Richard Olney
504:
503:
502:
501:
497:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
464:
463:
462:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
436:
435:
434:
430:
429:
422:
420:
417:
404:
402:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
366:
364:
363:gold standard
360:
356:
351:
347:
341:
339:
335:
332:won the 1896
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:gold standard
296:
291:
289:
281:
280:gold standard
277:
272:
265:
263:
259:
256:
252:
249:
241:
237:
232:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:Richard Olney
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:Orinoco River
194:
190:
188:
182:
176:
168:
166:
164:
159:
155:
147:
145:
142:
138:
134:
132:
127:
125:
120:
116:
108:
103:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
70:
68:
64:
60:
59:United States
56:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
2044:
2040:Anglo-German
2029:
1901:Treaties and
1879:
1662:Great powers
1605:
1578:
1569:0-80329429-8
1558:
1547:
1540:(21): 72–89.
1537:
1533:
1524:
1512:
1501:
1490:
1478:
1452:
1443:
1432:
1418:
1411:Bibliography
1396:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1327:
1317:
1308:
1302:
1292:
1285:
1265:
1258:
1247:
1239:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1205:
1194:. Retrieved
1190:
1181:
1174:Perkins 1968
1169:
1162:Perkins 1968
1136:
1129:Perkins 1968
1112:Perkins 1968
1107:
1082:
1074:
1067:Perkins 1968
1043:
1031:
1024:Perkins 1968
1019:
1014:, p. 4.
1012:Perkins 1968
1007:
983:
930:
928:
916:
914:
899:
891:
887:amalgamation
883:amalgamation
859:
843:
835:
819:
804:
774:
768:
752:
735:Panama Canal
732:
725:
713:George Dewey
698:
679:
671:
636:
617:
593:
560:
559:
536:Robert Bacon
512:John Sherman
499:
498:
460:
459:
432:
431:
413:
387:
382:
368:
358:
343:
327:
305:or outright
292:
285:
260:
245:
240:British Lion
184:
178:
154:isolationist
151:
130:
123:
112:
77:
71:
54:
52:
2218:World War I
2181:Balkan Wars
2166:Second Boer
2151:Banana Wars
2115:July Crisis
2046:Dreadnought
2031:Weltpolitik
1875:Pan-Slavism
1581:. Oakland,
1427:Allen, H.C.
895:Neil McLeod
879:Neil McLeod
787:Anglophobia
771:W. T. Stead
757:during the
719:harbor for
643:W. T. Stead
578:(1899–1905)
526:(1898–1905)
485:James Bryce
469:(1895–1902)
355:bimetallism
319:German mark
307:free silver
303:bimetallist
67:World War I
1903:agreements
1851:Great Game
1817:Revanchism
1196:2017-01-10
1141:Trask 1996
999:References
530:Elihu Root
246:Guided by
234:President
201:Republican
173:See also:
104:Background
1866:Meiji era
1713:Alliances
1389:Bell 2020
929:The poem
900:bona-fide
743:North Sea
717:Hong Kong
651:Caribbean
621:lame duck
590:(1912–19)
584:(1905–12)
569:(1895–97)
556:(1915–20)
550:(1913–15)
544:(1909–13)
532:(1905–09)
514:(1897–98)
508:(1895–97)
493:(1913–18)
487:(1907–13)
481:(1903–06)
475:(1902–03)
456:(1905–16)
450:(1900–05)
328:Populist
311:soundness
161:post-war
43:Britannia
39:John Bull
37:embraces
35:Uncle Sam
2233:Category
1603:(1984).
1523:(2004).
1489:(1999).
1477:(2004).
1328:HarpWeek
943:See also
846:John Hay
639:John Hay
524:John Hay
189:on Trial
141:dominion
121:and the
61:and the
47:Columbia
1846:In Asia
1679:Germany
905:tourism
131:Alabama
2204:Second
2191:Second
1988:Events
1778:Trends
1694:Russia
1674:France
1613:
1589:
1566:
1463:
1273:
1095:
795:Russia
721:Manila
594:
538:(1909)
520:(1898)
441:(1895)
377:, and
295:London
133:claims
126:affair
92:, and
41:, and
2209:Third
2199:First
2186:First
1689:Japan
1684:Italy
975:Notes
832:Trade
755:Boers
680:Maine
124:Trent
2124:Wars
1611:ISBN
1587:ISBN
1564:ISBN
1461:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1093:ISBN
678:USS
346:1776
317:and
88:and
53:The
45:and
1089:147
935:by
915:In
848:'s
2235::
1583:CA
1536:.
1457:NJ
1326:.
1189:.
1148:^
1119:^
1091:.
1055:^
877:.
817:.
761:.
745:.
373:,
325:.
69:.
1647:e
1640:t
1633:v
1619:.
1595:.
1572:.
1538:6
1527:.
1493:.
1481:.
1469:.
1421:.
1279:.
1242:.
1199:.
1101:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
