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individual development, discusses criteria for permitting the state to limit individual actions, and suggests ways of confining the state to its proper bounds. In so doing, he uniquely combines the ancient concern for human excellence and the modern concern for what has come to be known as negative liberty.
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called him, has an exuberance and attention to principle that make it a valuable introduction to classical liberal political thought. It is also crucial for an understanding of liberalism as it developed in Europe at the turn of the nineteenth century. Humboldt explores the role that liberty plays in
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Humboldt defines the criteria by which the permissible limits of the state's activities may be determined. His basic principle, like that of Mill, is that the only justification for government interference is the prevention of harm to others. He discusses in detail the role and limits of the state's
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as: "The grand, leading principle, towards which every argument … unfolded in these pages directly converges, is the absolute and essential importance of human development in its richest diversity." Many commentators believe that
Humboldt’s discussion of issues of freedom and individual
46:: a brief quotation provides the epigraph that Mill chose for that work, and it is discussed favorably by Mill in its third chapter, "Of Individuality, as One of the Elements of Well-Being." Mill had access to an 1854 English translation under the title
36:. Though written in the early 1790s, it was not published in its entirety until 1852, long after von Humboldt's death in 1835. It was a significant source for the ideas that
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Translated from the German of Baron
Wilhelm von Humboldt, by Joseph Coulthard, Jun. (London: John Chapman, 1854).
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Ideen zu einem
Versuch die Grenzen der Wirksamkeit des Staats zu bestimmen
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responsibility for the welfare, security and morals of its citizens.
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responsibility possesses greater clarity and directness than
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Wilhelm von
Humboldt describes his purpose in writing
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