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Jonathan loses his last ally. Pratt tries to provoke
Jonathan into insubordination and court-martial, and an order arrives commanding Jonathan to confiscate all of Judge Townsend's possessions. Celia and Jonathan react in anger, fear, and confusion; they yearn for another time and another place where they might find peace. Jonathan decides to desert. Townsend publicly denounces the North, and Jonathan and Celia discover that Lieutenant Patrick has carried out the order of confiscation. Sensing a trap, they plan to escape the country. Suddenly, Jonathan's guards capture three Guardian Knights, Lucas among them, about to burn a torch on Wade's lawn.
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The judge invites
Jonathan to his home and describes the residence's beauty before the war and its mistreatment by Sherman's troops. The maid, Nicey, deems Jonathan a good man, but Celia denounces him for not understanding the depth of Southern suffering. Jonathan bitterly reveals his own losses from
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Celia confesses her love for
Jonathan, but Lucas taunts the couple with hints of vigilante reprisals. Jonathan's appeal to higher authority to spare Judge Townsend is denied, and he undergoes an agony of conscience. He announces to the Townsends the Judge's dismissal. Judge Townsend rages violently
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In the middle of the night, the full contingent of
Guardian Knights arrive to free Lucas, while Union soldiers, led by Pratt and Patrick, also surround the house before attempting to arrest Jonathan for insubordination. Shots are fired, and Jonathan is killed; both sides begin to blame each other.
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The Civil War is over. The citizens of
Columbia, South Carolina, lament the sorrow and horror of the war. Colonel Jonathan Wade, with his aide, Lieutenant Patrick, leads the Northern troops of occupation into Columbia and greets Judge Townsend with kindness, but the Judge's daughter, Celia, scorns
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Several months later, during a confrontation with
Jonathan, Lucas demands back his old way of life, the way of privilege and slavery. Enoch Pratt insists that Judge Townsend be removed from the bench and that the Radical Republicans should use reform as a means of securing future political power.
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Northern pardon brokers selling citizenship to ex-Confederates arouse the indignation of Judge
Townsend. Lucas Wardlaw, a hotheaded Southerner, expresses the resentment for Northern reformers. With the arrival of Enoch Pratt, chief of the Freedmen's Bureau, tensions erupt. An evening party at the
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Jonathan's attempts to remain impartial have only angered both
Northerners and Southerners. Pratt accuses Celia of influencing the Colonel and enlists Lieutenant Patrick in a plot to destroy Jonathan. Judge Bell, Judge Townsend's replacement, resigns in disgust at the political corruption, and
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At the wedding, Nicey sings a spiritual about the wedding feast at Canaan. The
Guardian Knights of White Men's Rights harass Nicey and her friends, but Nicey bravely faces them down. Jonathan and Celia try to shelter themselves from the world with their love.
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was one of the two new operas Rudel had presented at New York City Opera which deserved revival. Floyd thoroughly revised the opera over the course of two years following a co-commission by the HGO and the
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The revised version premiered at the
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Main roles and premiere casts are given for both the premiere in New York City in 1962, conducted by Julius Rudel, as the revised version in 1990 in Houston, conducted by
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Kneeling by Jonathan's side, Celia silences them, accusing both sides of the murder of a good and decent man. Nicey prays that God accept Jonathan into heaven.
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against Jonathan; Celia, though torn between her love for Jonathan and her father, accepts Jonathan's offer of marriage. Her father renounces her.
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Townsends' home disintegrates as the Southern citizens furiously refuse to submit to the Northern reforms preached by a fervent Pratt.
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served as historical consultant. The music, by a composer with a more eclectic taste than before, features more
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and Allen Charles Klein. It was subsequently presented at Greater Miami Opera,
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People of Columbia, Guardian Knights, Union Soldiers, and Nicey's Friends
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since 1976, listened to a tape of the 1962 performances, together with
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the war, and the two young people begin to understand one another.
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Jonathan sees the shortcomings of all the extremists' demands.
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