350:. In 1843 land on Burwood Road was granted to the Anglican Church for a school. St. Mary's Catholic Church opened in 1846, a Presbyterian Church in 1857 and St. Paul's Anglican in 1871. Mansions of the 1870s such as The Priory were built here due to a firm belief in its health-giving climate, compared to the smog and crowding of the city suburbs. They were built as quasi-ancestral estates, perhaps in blissful ignorance of how quickly suburbs can evolve. Living was primitive: no street lighting (until 1883), home lighting by candle or lamp (oil, kerosene after 1860), no gas (until 1882), no piped water (until 1886), home wells/tanks, few bathrooms, no indoor toilets, with pans (from 1880) replacing outdoor cess pits.
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361:, in 1901. Skilled tradesmen and materials were plentiful and comparatively cheap, and combined with the improvement in building techniques associated with cavity walls, damp-courses and terracotta tiled roofs, provided the means for an era of intense building activity. Unlike the Victorian era's large commercial and Government building, the main thrust of the Federation era was constructing new suburbs around Sydney harbour with shops for the middle classes.
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299:, as "a garden of 4 acres in full cultivation, containing upwards of three hundred Trees, bearing the following choice fruits, viz. The Orange, Citron, Lemon, Pomegranate, Loquat, Guava, Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, Apples, Pears, the Cherry, Plums, Figs, Chestnuts, Almonds, Medlars, Quinces; with abundance of Raspberries, Strawberries, and the finest Melons. &c;".
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331:), and to cut "such timber as may be deemed fit for naval purposes" - the area was thick with tall ironbark. Faithful exchanged it in 1815. Alexander Riley bought his 81 hectares (200 acres) north of the new road incorporating it into his Burwood estate. This was jointly owned by the Rowley family after 1833 and had no streets across it, only a few tracks.
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auctioned the estate. It was bought by Sydney businessman
Alexander Riley. He's believed to have built Burwood Villa in 1814 (perhaps on older (1797) foundations of Rowley's shepherd's cottage) and lived here until departing for England in 1817. 200 hectares (500 acres) had been cleared for pasture. In 1824
430:. Walls are cemented and painted, the tower is richly ornamented. Front projecting wing and two storey decorative cast iron verandahs. Front projecting wing has decorated bay window on ground floor and forms open verandah to first floor with edging of decorative iron well landscaped gardens, lawns and
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An excellent example of the great
Victorian mansions and a reminder that Burwood was one of Sydney's fashionable suburbs for the well to do. The house has fine external applied detailing and has retained its landscaping. It is a good example of its period and a rare survival in condition and setting.
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station, one of the first stations) was a wooden platform near a level crossing over the grassy track that was Neich's Lane (later
Burwood Road). This was beside "the newly laid out township of Cheltenham". Speedy transport meant subdivision and consolidation followed, filling out the area. Burwood's
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It is representative of the mansions that were built to house the wealthy families of the late nineteenth century, dating from 1877 and being one of the first mansions on
Burwood Road, with an expansive garden. It is a reminder that Burwood was one of Sydney's fashionable suburbs for the well to do.
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Between 1889 and 1918 Australia's population swelled from three to five million triggering an urgent need for housing. Suburban spread was greatly assisted by expansion of the public transport system of trams, ferries and trams, which formed a well-integrated pre-car transport system. Rapid suburban
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Until the 1830s
Burwood consisted of a few inns along the highways and two or three huge, undeveloped estates. Within the next 20 years these began to break up, attracting settlers and encouraging the growth of nascent villages at Burwood and Enfield. Riley died in 1833 and Rowley's children, now of
319:) was William Faithful's grant of 400 hectares (1,000 acres) (1808) at "Liberty Plains". Faithful was a private in the NSW Corps: discharged in 1799 he became Captain Foveaux's farm manager, and this connection got him the grant. Apart from 6.1 hectares (15 acres) of Sarah Nelson's on Malvern Hill (
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It has an expansive garden - a rare survivor and evidence of
Burwood's onetime prominence among Sydney's fashionable suburbs. The mansion is well set back from Burwood Road with a semi-circular sweep of carriage loop in gravel, edged with recently replanted box hedges (Buxus sempervirens). To the
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and Henry Biggs. Almost at once they subdivided into lots of 1.6–8.1 hectares (4–20 acres) for country homes and small farms. In 1834 the
Burwood estate was held by John Lucas, husband of Thomas's daughter Mary Rowley), who divided 46 hectares (113 acres) of his 86 hectares (213 acres) into small
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Under Rowley's will the estate passed to his three underage children. Executors Dr Harris and Major
Johnstone were both involved in the 1808 Bligh rebellion and returned to England for the court martial, so Governor Macquarie appointed Thomas Moore as guardian and executor. In 1812 he wrongfully
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and suburbs. This made the first attempt at a comprehensive review of Sydney's problems, gathering many reform ideas. It recognised the relationship between planning and local government and advocated introduction of a town planning bill along the lines of John Burns' 1900 English Bill. Some
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The "Garden Suburb" came to mean a suburb with special areas zoned for different uses, e.g.: residential and commercial; an absence of attached terraces with free-standing houses, wide tree-lined streets, "nature strips" on footpaths, parks reserves and gardens. Much-derided rear lanes and
260:. Its winding route reflects pre-existing land grant boundaries and topography. To Burwood's north over Parramatta Road was Longbottom Government Farm, staffed by convicts. This grew to over 280 hectares (700 acres) on heavily timbered flat, sloping to swamps on Hen and Chicken Bay.
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The Priory is representative of mansions that were built to house the wealthy families of the late nineteenth century. It is a two-storey
Victorian mansion dating from 1877, one of the first on Burwood Road. It features a three-storey elaborately decorated tower, a two-storey
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Despite opening up of the Rowley estate there was little settlement in
Burwood between the two highways before 1860. Sydney Railway Company opened the first railway line to Parramatta in 1855. Burwood "station" (just west of
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biggest growth spurt was between 1874 & 1900 (Burwood's population was, respectively: 1200–7400, an increase not matched since. 1835 maps show this as the only track between Parramatta / Liverpool Roads in Burwood.
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recommendations, such as introducing building regulations for the whole metropolitan area "to prevent the straggling of suburbs and to ensure development along harmonious lines" went into 1919's Local Government Act.
369:, spurred on by the Federal Capital Competition of 1912. 1913's arrival from North America of winners, Walter Burley & Marion Mahony Griffin, saw formation of the Town Planning Association of NSW, with architect
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recorded how valuable timber (ironbark) was cut and sawn on the spot, conveyed to Sydney in boats by the river. "Charcoal for the forges and foundries is likewise prepared here" he noted.
271:, over Burwood's clay soil, were important to the area's development: Captain Thomas Rowley's Burwood Farm estate and William Faithful's 400-hectare (1,000-acre) grant to its south in
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The Priory was built by grazier Mowbray Forrest, in 1877 on land purchased from C. H. Humphrey. Forrest was a prominent citizen and trustee of the Burwood School of Arts.
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rights-of-way became redundant with sewerage and the provision of side access between houses. Verandas and bay windows were means of integrating house & garden.
279:, named it after the farm he'd lived on in Cornwall. 1799 and subsequent grants brought it to 300 hectares (750 acres) but he continued to live at Kingston Farm in
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in 1797, others being sold to Macarthur, Marsden & Cox. The southern boundary of his farm was approximately today's Woodside Avenue and Fitzroy Street.
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and west to Punchbowl Road. The government retained a right to build a road through it (doing so in 1815: Liverpool Road or the Great South Road, now the
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445:). A number of mature large trees line the front iron fence facing Burwood Road between the two drive entry gates: a Queensland /macadamia nut (
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as president. Founding members Sulman and J. P. Fitzgerald were among witnesses at the 1900 Royal Commission into the Improvement of the
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638:
Fraser, Hugh, in Heritage Council of NSW, 1981-4, amended and added to by Stuart Read, 17/5/2008 with excerpts from Eric Dunlop (1975).
485:). To the south on Minna Avenue are more mature figs which indicate the extent of The Priory's land prior to subdivision on this side.
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or The Boulevard in Strathfield were in marked contrast to most development in Australian cities of the late 19th century.
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age, started legal proceedings and regained possession of the 750-acre estate. It was divided between Thomas jnr., John,
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The front garden's detailed plantings have recently been reinstated (gravel drive, box hedges, cast iron fountain).
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growth brought increased interest in town planning and the British concept (Ebenezer Howard's 'Garden City') of the
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The front garden's detailed plantings have recently been reinstated (gravel drive, box hedges, cast iron
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The 1880s was the era of the debates that led to Australia's fractious states combining into a single
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published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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Conservation of the Federation House, a series of one-day seminars, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984
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until his death in 1806. He'd bought some of the first Spanish merinos brought from the
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Two storey Victorian mansion with three storey tower. Built of brick, cement and stone
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Fraser, Hugh; Clements, Phillip; Powell, Helen; Heritage Council of NSW (1984).
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was first created in 1791, a vital land (rather than water) artery between
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allotments for sale. Streets such as Webb, Lucas Road, Wentworth Road and
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312:'s The Boulevarde reflect the boundaries of these subdivisions/estates.
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is a heritage-listed residence at 213 Burwood Road, in the
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mansion's north-west and rear is a fenced tennis court.
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covered most of modern Burwood. Rowley, adjutant of the
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To the south (including the land that later become the
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Harvest of the Years: the history of Burwood 1874-1975
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195:Location of The Priory and grounds in Sydney
122:Priory and Grounds; The Priory & Grounds
531:Australian residential architectural styles
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733:National Trust of Australia (NSW) (1986).
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501:The Priory and Grounds was listed on the
385:Tree-lined streets such as Burwood Road,
602:Department of Planning & Environment
797:New South Wales State Heritage Register
758:New South Wales State Heritage Register
597:New South Wales State Heritage Register
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503:New South Wales State Heritage Register
226:New South Wales State Heritage Register
248:and Rose Hill's settlement and crops.
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683:Read, Stuart, pers.comm., 17/5/2008
16:Heritage-listed residence in Sydney
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656:LEP, modified Read, S., 17/5/2008
112:New South Wales Heritage Register
817:1877 establishments in Australia
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735:National Trust Suburban Register
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130:State heritage (complex / group)
692:Read, S., pers.comm., 17/5/2008
162:Residential buildings (private)
481:) and another species of fig (
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422:. It has an expansive garden.
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756:, entry number 00287 in the
724:Fox and Associates (1989).
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807:Houses in New South Wales
220:local government area of
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812:Houses completed in 1877
802:Burwood, New South Wales
295:described the estate in
489:Modifications and dates
451:), lemon-scented gums (
357:, declared at Sydney's
252:Road opened in 1814 as
218:Municipality of Burwood
50:Municipality of Burwood
726:Burwood Heritage Study
457:), Port Jackson figs (
448:Macadamia integrifolia
24:The Priory and grounds
784:at Wikimedia Commons
706:Dunlop, Eric (1975).
478:Lophostemon confertus
592:"Priory and Grounds"
82:33.8834°S 151.1019°E
782:The Priory, Burwood
523:Christianity portal
472:Cinnamomum camphora
469:), camphor laurel (
466:Phoenix canariensis
454:Corymbia citriodora
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754:Priory and Grounds
483:Ficus ?microphylla
418:and an attractive
297:Views of Australia
262:Commissioner Bigge
254:Governor Macquarie
143:Reference no.
87:-33.8834; 151.1019
44:213 Burwood Road,
780:Media related to
505:on 2 April 1999.
228:on 2 April 1999.
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138:2 April 1999
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743:Attribution
428:foundations
416:balustrades
405:Description
371:John Sulman
348: 1838
325:Cooks River
310:Strathfield
285:Cape Colony
246:Sydney Cove
85: /
73:151°06′07″E
61:Coordinates
56:, Australia
791:Categories
537:References
420:bay window
393:The Priory
355:Federation
317:Appian Way
305:John Lucas
212:suburb of
206:The Priory
135:Designated
70:33°53′00″S
762:CC-BY 4.0
674:RNE, 1982
621:CC-BY 4.0
277:NSW Corps
250:Liverpool
604:. H00287
509:See also
443:fountain
432:driveway
412:verandah
337:Ashfield
159:Category
41:Location
765:licence
624:licence
321:Croydon
281:Newtown
273:Enfield
237:Burwood
232:History
216:in the
214:Burwood
154:Mansion
46:Burwood
608:1 June
269:grants
210:Sydney
98:Built
610:2018
267:Two
151:Type
127:Type
101:1877
665:LEP
256:'s
146:287
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345:c.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
