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Cleveland, OH (Jul-Sept 2004); Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, VA (Oct 2004-Jan 2005); Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Memphis, TN (Feb-May 2005); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (Jun-Aug 2005); Jule
Collins Smith Museum of Fine Art at Auburn University, Auburn, AL (Sept-Dec 2005); High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA (Mar-Jun 2006); de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (Jul-Dec 2006); Museum of Art, Fort Lauderdale, FL (Sept 2007-Jan 2008).
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then sheriff of
Halifax County, North Carolina. The following year, Pettway relocated to Geeās Bend, transporting his family and furnishings in a wagon train while 100 enslaved men, women, and children were forced to walk on foot from North Carolina to their new life in Alabama. Many members of the community still carry the Pettway name. After emancipation, many formerly enslaved people stayed on the plantation as
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years until the middle of the twentieth century, Gee's Bend women made quilts primarily to keep themselves and their families warm in unheated houses that lacked running water, telephones and electricity. Many quilts were also imbued with spiritual meaning, serving as a way to memorialize loved ones
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Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX (Jun-Sept 2006); Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, IN (Oct-Dec 2006); Orlando Museum of Art, Orlando, FL (Jan-Apr 2007); The
Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (Jun-Aug 2007); Tacoma Art Museum, Tacoma, WA (Sept-Dec 2007); The Speed Art Museum, Louisville, KY
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Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX (Sept-Nov 2002); Whitney Museum of
American Art, New York, NY (Nov 2002-Mar 2003); Mobile Art Museum, Mobile, AL (Jul-Aug 2003); Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI (Sept 2003-Jan 2004); Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (Feb-May 2004); Cleveland Art Museum,
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Due to the scarcity of resources, the majority of early twentieth-century quilts were made out of old work-clothes and other used materials such as fertilizer and flour sacks. As a wider variety of cheap fabric became available in the second half of the twentieth century, work-clothes quilts became
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who acquired 6,000 acres of land and established a cotton plantation in 1816 with seventeen enslaved people. The Gee family operated the plantation until 1845, when, to settle significant debts, they relinquished ownership, including 98 enslaved people, to Mark H. Pettway, a relative, enslaver, and
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The quilts of Gee's Bend are among the most important
African-American visual and cultural contributions to the history of art within the United States. The women of Geeās Bend have gained international attention and acclaim for their artistry, with exhibitions of Gee's Bend quilts held in museums
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began a process of transferring artworks from its collection into the permanent collections of museums worldwide, with the goal of diversifying museum collections and securing the place of Black artists from the
American South in American art history. As of May 2024, Geeās Bend quilts are in the
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brought his civil rights campaign to Geeās Bend. At the time, no
African-American had ever successfully registered to vote in Wilcox County, despite comprising nearly 80% of the population. Many quiltmakers in Geeās Bend braved the threat of violence to march with King in Camden in March 1965,
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The practice of reusing old materials has resulted in a proclivity for improvisational approaches to quilt design. Indeed, many Geeās Bend quilts can be called improvisational, or āmy wayā quilts as they are known locally, in which quiltmakers start with basic forms and then follow their own
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A cooperative farming association called Gee's Bend Farms, Inc. was established by the federal government, and in the years that followed, a school, medical clinic, general store, warehouse, gristmill, and cotton gin were built, along with nearly 100 houses that residents could purchase with
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merchant who had been advancing credit to more than 60 families in the Bend died. When his estate foreclosed on their debts and raided Geeās Bend for anything of value, including livestock, farm equipment, and stored food, the impoverished community was driven into complete destitution.
156:, white officials in the county seat of Camden discontinued ferry service to Geeās Bend, contributing to the communityās isolation, cutting it off from basic services, and hindering members' ability to register to vote. Ferry service was not restored until 2006. In February 1965,
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individual artistic paths (ātheir wayā) to stitch unexpected patterns, shapes, and colors. The transference of aesthetic knowledge and skills from generation to generation has been fundamental to the Geeās Bend quilting tradition for centuries.
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The quilting tradition can be dated back to the nineteenth century and endures to this day. The residents of Geeās Bend, Alabama, are direct descendants of the enslaved people who worked the cotton plantation established in 1816 by Joseph Gee.
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low-interest government loans. Through federal intervention, the residents of Geeās Bend therefore became landowners of the land worked by their enslaved forebears. Cultural traditions like quilt making were nourished by these continuities.
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federal agency which aimed to alleviate rural poverty. In 1937, the federal government pieced together and purchased the former
Pettway plantation, some 10,000 acres of land. The Resettlement Administration and its successor, the
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as āsome of the most miraculous works of modern art
America has produced,ā the quilts were displayed at 11 other museums nationwide. Since this first exhibition, Geeās Bend quilts have been exhibited in museums worldwide.
183:, to produce made-to-order quilts and other quilted products, helping to inspire a national revival of interest in patchwork. It officially closed in 2012, a year after the death of its last original board member,
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In 2002, the seminal exhibition āThe Quilts of Geeās Bendā, celebrating the artistic legacy of four generations of Geeās Bend quiltmakers, debuted at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Hailed by the
1445:. PBS documentary series about the craft movement in the United States. This episode includes a segment about the Gee's Bend Quilters, which begins at approximately 4:10, concludes at about 17:10.
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Since 2022, the annual Airing of the Quilts
Festival, which features quilt displays and sales, workshops, and guided tours, has attracted thousands of visitors to Geeās Bend.
851:"A Remarkable Thing Is Happening In Wilcox County, Ala.; A year ago it had no Negro voter. Today a 30-year-old Negro is running for sheriff and could win. A Remarkable Thing"
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cheated them out of thousands of dollars from the sales of their quilts. The lawsuit was resolved and dismissed without comment from lawyers on either side in 2008.
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In August 2006, the United States Postal Service released a sheet of ten stamps commemorating Gee's Bend quilts sewn between c.1940 and 1998 as part of the
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less prevalent. Nevertheless, frugality, the recycling of old materials, and commemoration continue to be central tenets of quilting in Geeās Bend.
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In March 1966, more than 60 quiltmakers from Geeās Bend, Alberta, and surrounding communities met in Camdenās Antioch Baptist Church to found the
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and galleries across the United States and beyond. This recognition has, in turn, brought increased economic opportunities to the community.
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Levine, W. Lawrence; Trachtenberg, Alan (1988). "Arthur Rothstein: Tenant Farmers". In Fleischhauer, Carl; Brannan, Beverly B. (eds.).
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In 2003, more than 50 Geeās Bend quilt makers came together to form the Geeās Bend Quilters Collective to sell and market their works.
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539:(Dec 2007-Mar 2008); Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (Apr-Jul 2008); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (Aug-Oct 2008).
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175:. The Bee, one of the few Black womenās cooperatives in the United States, landed contracts with major retailers, such as
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As cotton prices fell throughout the 1920s, farmers in Geeās Bend were forced deeper into debt. In the summer of 1932, a
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Duncan, Sally Anne (February 2005). "From Cloth to Canvas: Reinventing Gee's Bend Quilts in the Name of Art".
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1159:(1st ed.). Atlanta, GA: Tinwood Books in association with the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.
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In the early 1960s, in response to members of the communityās growing participation in the
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of Gee's Bend, Alabama. It includes a nine-patch center block surrounded by pieced strips.
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created by a group of women and their ancestors who live or have lived in the isolated
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252:, the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.
84:) is an isolated, rural community of about seven hundred residents, southwest of
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1370:"'But a Quilt Is More': Recontextualizing the Discourse(s) of Gee's Bend Quilts"
497:
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Jennie Pettway and another girl with the quilter Jorena Pettway, Gee's Bend 1937
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715:"From slavery to national fame: The Gee's Bend quilts that changed modern art"
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History Refused to Die: Highlights from the Souls Grown Deep Foundation Gift
1054:"2nd Annual 'Gee's Bend Airing Of The Quilts' Taking Place October 7, 2023"
2027:
1182:
Beardsley, John; Arnett, William; Arnett, Paul; Livingston, Jane (2002).
1151:
Beardsley, John; Arnett, William; Arnett, Paul; Livingston, Jane (2002).
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1105:
Souls Grown Deep Like the Rivers: Black Artists from the American South
579:
Souls Grown Deep like the Rivers: Black Artists from the American South
93:
1186:. Tinwood Books in association with the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.
817:"Martin Luther King's Call for Voting Rights Inspired Isolated Hamlet"
798:"A Crossing Long Closed in Bigotry Reopens in the Spirit of Commerce"
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Exhibiting Blackness: African Americans and the American Art Museum
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permanent collections of over 40 museums across three continents.
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31:
1078:
Livingston, Jane (2002). "Reflections on the Art of Gee's Bend".
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Creation Story: Gee's Bend Quilts and the Art of Thornton Dial
2056:
1338:"Anatomy of a quilt: The Gees' Bend Freedom Quilting Bee"
225:, filed lawsuits alleging that curator and art collector
109:, which left them perpetually in debt to the landowners.
565:
We Will Walk ā Art and Resistance in the American South
551:
Souls Grown Deep: Artists of the African American South
312:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
572:
Called to Create: Black Artists of the American South
775:. University of California Press. pp. 147ā148.
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1918:
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1271:"The Quilts of Gee's Bend: How Great Art Gets Lost"
961:"Handmade Alabama Quilts Find Fame and Controversy"
1152:
1310:Mary Lee Bendolph, Gee's Bend Quilts, and Beyond
1400:Wilder, Elyzabeth Gregory (November 25, 2008).
553:. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA
546:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY
1960:
1521:
8:
2085:List of North American pieced quilt patterns
1336:Scheper-Hughes, Nancy (September 22, 2003).
560:. New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, LA
681:"ART REVIEW; Jazzy Geometry, Cool Quilters"
279:Women from Gee's Bend work on a quilt, 2005
1967:
1953:
1945:
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1224:Geeās Bend Gospel Music from 1941 and 2002
1204:. Frist Center for the Visual Arts. 2012.
536:Geeās Bend: The Architecture of the Quilt.
1329:Stitchin' and Pullin': A Gee's Bend Quilt
1252:Gee's Bend: The Architecture of the Quilt
993:Press, The Associated (August 26, 2008).
574:. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
27:Quilting tradition of Gee's Bend, Alabama
2330:San Jose Museum of Quilts & Textiles
2305:Museum of the American Quilter's Society
1896:Stichin' and Pullin': A Gee's Bend Quilt
746:Beardsley, John (2002). "River Island".
679:Kimmelman, Michael (November 29, 2002).
96:. The area is named after Joseph Gee, a
1327:McKissack, Pat; Cabrera, Cozbi (2008).
668:
612:List of African-American visual artists
2335:Conservation and Restoration of Quilts
1469:Marvar, Alexandra (October 29, 2018).
1184:Gee's Bend: The Women and Their Quilts
1080:Gee's Bend: The Women and Their Quilts
748:Gee's Bend: The Women and Their Quilts
1427:"The Quilts of Gee's Bend in Context"
1269:Herman, Brandon L. (April 16, 2015).
1136:. University of Massachusetts Press.
217:In 2007, two Gee's Bend quiltmakers,
7:
883:Moehringer, J. r (August 22, 1999).
796:Jarvie, Jenny (September 19, 2006).
741:
739:
737:
735:
713:Dairen, Joshua (December 15, 2023).
674:
672:
367:Rhode Island School of Design Museum
2388:African-American history of Alabama
995:"Alabama: Quilters Resolve Lawsuit"
482:Clark Atlanta University Art Museum
1934:Quilts of the Underground Railroad
1431:Auburn University, Women's Studies
567:. Turner Contemporary, Margate, UK
486:Spelman College Museum of Fine Art
25:
815:Haberman, Clyde (March 9, 2015).
392:Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco
199:during its display at New York's
2300:International Quilt Study Center
1254:. Atlanta: Tinwood Books. 2006.
1103:Lampkins-Fielder, Raina (2023).
849:Roberts, Gene (April 17, 1966).
1368:Sohan, Vanessa Kraemer (2015).
1028:"NEA National Heritage Fellows"
959:Dewan, Shaila (July 29, 2007).
913:. University of Alabama Press.
447:Princeton University Art Museum
250:National Endowment for the Arts
594:Louisiana Museum of Modern Art
515:Art Gallery of New South Wales
397:Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts
317:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
201:Whitney Museum of American Art
80:Gee's Bend (officially called
1:
1493:. Souls Grown Deep Foundation
1456:. Souls Grown Deep Foundation
1082:. Tinwood Books. p. 58.
773:Documenting America 1935-1943
750:. Tinwood Books. p. 73.
232:In 2015, Gee's Bend quilters
18:The Quilts of Gee's Bend
1471:"Can You Copyright a Quilt?"
1441:Craft in America, Season 6,
510:National Gallery of Victoria
422:Minneapolis Institute of Art
402:Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
347:Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
246:National Heritage Fellowship
135:Farm Security Administration
2174:Underground Railroad quilts
1975:Layered textiles and quilts
1874:Souls Grown Deep Foundation
1275:The Journal of Modern Craft
342:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
244:were joint recipients of a
126:Resettlement Administration
2404:
1487:"The Quilts of Gee's Bend"
1132:Cooks, Bridget R. (2011).
474:, University of Washington
462:Philadelphia Museum of Art
372:Indianapolis Museum of Art
2210:International Honor Quilt
2054:
1921:African-American quilting
1612:Emma Lee Pettway Campbell
1331:. New York: Random House.
1218:Documentary video on the
1107:. Royal Academy of Arts.
528:The Quilts of Gee's Bend.
478:Hampton University Museum
332:New Orleans Museum of Art
2368:African-American artists
2295:Great Lakes Quilt Center
1867:Collecting organizations
1450:"Gee's Bend Quiltmakers"
1287:10.2752/174967809X416233
1244:10.1525/mua.2005.28.1.19
1155:The Quilts of Gee's Bend
911:The Freedom Quilting Bee
909:Callahan, Nancy (1987).
558:The Quilts of Geeās Bend
412:Birmingham Museum of Art
387:Equal Justice Initiative
1879:Torrey Quilt Collection
1777:Bettie Bendolph Seltzer
1762:Pearlie Kennedy Pettway
1597:Loretta Pettway Bennett
1354:10.1111/1467-8322.00203
1312:. Tinwood Books. 2006.
590:The Irreplaceable Human
452:The Phillips Collection
427:The Contemporary Austin
352:Baltimore Museum of Art
327:Studio Museum in Harlem
181:Sears, Roebuck, and Co.
2378:Wilcox County, Alabama
2075:English paper piecingā
2061:
1642:Mary Elizabeth Kennedy
1404:. Samuel French, Inc.
280:
158:Martin Luther King Jr.
145:
41:
2315:Quilters Hall of Fame
2060:
1832:Deborah Pettway Young
1677:Addie Pearl Nicholson
802:The Los Angeles Times
583:Royal Academy of Arts
432:Des Moines Art Center
382:Blanton Museum of Art
377:Currier Museum of Art
278:
268:after their deaths.
154:civil rights movement
143:
122:Franklin D. Roosevelt
35:
2183:Notable modern works
1858:Quilts of Gee's Bend
1853:Freedom Quilting Bee
607:African American art
521:Selected exhibitions
442:Toledo Museum of Art
417:Asheville Art Museum
357:Dallas Museum of Art
307:The National Gallery
191:Twenty-first century
173:Freedom Quilting Bee
46:quilts of Gee's Bend
2288:museums, and events
2237:Jennifer Chiaverini
2190:AIDS Memorial Quilt
2151:History of quilting
1822:Estelle Witherspoon
1792:Geraldine Westbrook
1752:Martha Jane Pettway
1647:Nettie Jane Kennedy
1627:Rachel Carey George
1592:Linda Diane Bennett
1232:Museum Anthropology
1222:and a double-CD of
1220:Geeās Bend quilters
637:Estelle Witherspoon
596:, HumlebƦk, Denmark
120:In 1935, President
58:Gee's Bend, Alabama
2242:Mary Cozens-Walker
2196:Quilt of Belonging
2080:Foundation piecing
2062:
1906:Leaving Gee's Bend
1901:Patricia McKissack
1812:Patty Ann Williams
1807:Nell Hall Williams
1782:Sue Willie Seltzer
1757:Mensie Lee Pettway
1692:Annie Bell Pettway
1622:Minnie Sue Coleman
1567:Louisiana Bendolph
1437:on April 19, 2019.
1342:Anthropology Today
999:The New York Times
965:The New York Times
855:The New York Times
821:The New York Times
685:The New York Times
627:Sue Willie Seltzer
467:Seattle Art Museum
407:High Museum of Art
362:Ackland Art Museum
337:Hood Museum of Art
288:Public collections
281:
212:American Treasures
146:
42:
2363:American quilters
2345:
2344:
2159:Gee's Bend quilts
2100:Possum-skin cloak
1942:
1941:
1772:Sally Mae Pettway
1722:Jessie T. Pettway
1717:Henrietta Pettway
1572:Mary Lee Bendolph
1552:Nellie Mae Abrams
1443:episode: INDUSTRY
889:Los Angeles Times
617:Jessie T. Pettway
472:Henry Art Gallery
234:Mary Lee Bendolph
167:Mary Lee Bendolph
165:and her daughter
16:(Redirected from
2395:
2373:American artists
2203:Chinese Souls #2
2043:Sashiko quilting
2018:ProvenƧal quilts
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1702:Arlonzia Pettway
1697:Annie E. Pettway
1682:Mertlene Perkins
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1491:Souls Grown Deep
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1454:Souls Grown Deep
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1433:. Archived from
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437:Speed Art Museum
294:Souls Grown Deep
124:established the
54:African-American
36:A 1979 quilt by
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2325:Quilt Treasures
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2013:Patchwork quilt
1993:Corded quilting
1988:Baltimore album
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1846:Quilting groups
1841:
1827:Annie Mae Young
1817:Magalene Wilson
1797:Andrea Williams
1747:Lutisha Pettway
1742:Lucy T. Pettway
1737:Louella Pettway
1732:Loretta Pettway
1602:Mary L. Bennett
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1374:College English
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1126:Further reading
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885:"Crossing Over"
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1727:Lola Pettway
1672:Aolar Mosely
1536:Quilters of
1497:December 17,
1495:. Retrieved
1490:
1477:December 17,
1475:. Retrieved
1473:. The Nation
1460:December 17,
1458:. Retrieved
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2310:Quilt Index
2272:Molly Upton
2164:Rajah Quilt
2141:Ribbon work
2038:Ralli quilt
1919:History of
1667:Flora Moore
1662:Lucy Mooney
1281:(1): 9ā15.
935:"Philately"
588:2023-2024:
570:2022-2023:
556:2019-2020:
498:Tate Modern
265:post-bellum
2352:Categories
1652:Lucy Mingo
1538:Gee's Bend
1402:Gee's Bend
1166:0965376648
663:References
238:Lucy Mingo
161:including
90:Black Belt
60:along the
56:hamlet of
38:Lucy Mingo
2136:Penny rug
2126:Khayamiya
2095:Patchwork
2090:Log Cabin
2068:Patchwork
2023:Quilt art
1295:191470782
1007:0362-4331
973:0362-4331
863:0362-4331
829:0362-4331
693:0362-4331
504:Australia
292:In 2016,
88:, in the
2116:AppliquƩ
2109:Applique
2048:Trapunto
2028:Quilting
1981:Quilting
1545:Quilters
1386:24240050
1175:51172928
601:See also
214:series.
130:New Deal
2232:Jo Budd
1063:May 29,
1037:May 29,
1012:May 29,
978:May 29,
944:May 29,
894:May 29,
868:May 29,
834:May 29,
724:May 29,
698:May 29,
98:planter
94:Alabama
76:History
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549:2018:
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259:Quilts
240:, and
114:Camden
82:Boykin
50:quilts
1888:Books
1382:JSTOR
1291:S2CID
100:from
86:Selma
2131:Mola
1499:2020
1479:2020
1462:2020
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1361:2020
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1302:2020
1256:ISBN
1206:ISBN
1188:ISBN
1171:OCLC
1161:ISBN
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1109:ISBN
1084:ISBN
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1039:2024
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
