767:
their land plus an expensive rehabilitation package. The Bill does not mandate a process by which the time involved in land acquisition is reduced from current levels of years. Nor does the Bill consider the effect of excessive costs upfront, and expensive rehabilitation mandate over time, on the financial feasibility of large-scale, socially necessary infrastructure projects needed by 90%+ of
Indians who are not landowners. In an editorial, Vidya Bala writes that the most important weakness in the Bill is bringing non-government transactions too under its purview. Private players buying 50+ acres of urban land tracts or 100+ acres of rural areas would be required to comply with the R&R package stated in the Bill.
763:
claims that the bill, if passed, will increase the cost of acquisition of land to unrealistic level. It will be almost impossible to acquire 50-acre or 100-acre land at one place for planned development. They suggest that if India does not facilitate urbanization in an organized manner, all the incremental population will be housed in disorganized housing developments such as slums with dire consequences for Indian economy. In the long run, even farmers will suffer as fringe development of urban centres will largely be in the form of unauthorized developments and they will not realize the true economic potential of their lands.
759:'s Sahoo argues that the bill fails to adequately define "public purpose". The current definition, he claims, can be interpreted vaguely. In leaving public purpose too vague and porous, it would ensure that land acquisition will remain hostage to politics and all kinds of disputes. More clarity is needed, perhaps with the option that each state have the right to hold a referendum, whereby the voters in the state can vote to approve or disapprove proposed public purpose land acquisitions through the referendum, as is done through local elections in the United States for certain public acquisition of private or agricultural land.
106:
with the least disturbance to the owners of the land and other affected families and provide just and fair compensation to the affected families whose land has been acquired or proposed to be acquired or are affected by such acquisition and make adequate provisions for such affected persons for their rehabilitation and resettlement and for ensuring that the cumulative outcome of compulsory acquisition should be that affected persons become partners in development leading to an improvement in their post–acquisition social and economic status and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
729:. These success-linked infrastructure bonds may also help poor states reduce the upfront cost of land acquisition for essential public projects such as hospitals, schools, universities, affordable housing, clean drinking water treatment plants, electricity power generation plants, sewage treatment plants, flood control reservoirs, and highways necessary to bring relief to affected public during fires, epidemics, earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters. The state of Kerala has decided to pursue the use of infrastructure bonds as a form of payment to land owners.
462:
In addition to the above condition, wherever multi-crop irrigated land is acquired an equivalent area of cultivable wasteland shall be developed by the state for agricultural purposes. In other type of agricultural land, the total acquisition shall not exceed the limit for all the projects in a
District or State as notified by the Appropriate Authority. These limits shall not apply to linear projects which includes projects for railways, highways, major district roads, power lines, and irrigation canals.
656:
guaranteed entitlements from India's non-agriculture-derived GDP to the people supported by agriculture-derived GDP. It is expected that the Act will directly affect 13.2 crore hectares (32.6 crore acres) of rural land in India, over 10 crore land owners, with an average land holding of about 3 acres per land owner. Families whose livelihood depends on farming land, the number of livelihood-dependent families per acre varies widely from season to season, demands of the land, and the nature of crop.
38:
334:
democratic republic, as contemplated by the
Constitution. There is no reason why a new concept of property should be introduced in the place of the old so as to bring in its wake the vestiges of the doctrine of Laissez Faire and create, in the name of efficiency, a new oligarchy. Efficiency has many facets and one is yet to discover an infallible test of efficiency to suit the widely differing needs of a developing society such as ours" (1983 AIR 803, 1983 SCR (3) 327) (
740:– India's largest real estate developer – claims that the current bill may limit private companies such as DLF from developing affordable housing for millions of Indians. DLF suggests that direct land transactions with owners on a willing voluntary basis, at market-determined rate, should be kept out of the purview of the bill. There should be no conditions imposed on free market transactions between willing sellers and willing buyers.
775:, 1958, the atomic energy Act, 1962, the special economic zones Act, 2005, the cantonments Act, 2006, the railways Act, 1989 amongst others. Laws can not be in conflict with each other. LARR Bill carve outs through Sections 97, 98 and 99 add confusion, offering a means for numerous citizen petitions, lawsuits and judicial activism. The LARR 2011 Bill thus fails to deliver on the goals motivating it.
78:
576:(US$ 354 to 780 per year), and between ₹41 and 72 per day for women working in farms (US$ 274 to 480 per year). This wage rate in rural India study included the following agricultural operations common in India: ploughing, sowing, weeding, transplanting, harvesting, winnowing, threshing, picking, herdsmen, tractor driver, unskilled help, mason, etc.
313:
acquired for public use, and fair rehabilitation of land owners and those directly affected from loss of livelihoods. The
Government of India believed that a combined law was necessary, one that legally requires rehabilitation and resettlement necessarily and simultaneously follow government acquisition of land for public purposes.
329:
that the word "Compensation" deployed in
Article 31(2) implied full compensation, that is the market value of the property at the time of the acquisition. The Legislature must "ensure that what is determined as payable must be compensation, that is, a just equivalent of what the owner has been deprived of"). Elsewhere, Justice
271:. On 30 May 2015, President of India promulgated the amendment as an ordinance for third time. The Supreme Court refused to stay the ordinance following a public interest litigation. The amendment bill was referred to a joint parliamentary committee. The committee was not able to attain a consensus. The amendment bill lapsed.
320:
The right not to be deprived of one's property save by authority of law has since been no longer a fundamental right. "No person shall be deprived of his property saved by authority of law" (Constitution 44th
Amendment, w.e.f. 10.6.1979). The amendment ensured that the right to property‟ is no more a
770:
LARR 2011 Bill's sections 97, 98 and 99 are incongruous with other laws of India in details and intent. Section 98, for example, says that the provisions of the Bill shall not apply to the enactments relating to land acquisition specified in the Fourth
Schedule of the Bill. According to Indian Legal
724:
LARR 2011 as proposed mandates that compensation and rehabilitation payments to land owners and livelihood losers be upfront. This misaligns the interests of land acquirer and those affected. Once the payment is made, one or more of the affected families may seek to delay the progress of the project
684:
If the affected families on the above rural land demand 100% upfront compensation from the land acquirer, and the market value of land is ₹1,00,000 per acre, the Act mandates the land acquirer to offset the loss of an average per capita 2010 income of ₹11,136 per year created by this 3 acre of rural
461:
The Act forbids land acquisition when such acquisition would include multi-crop irrigated area. However such acquisition may be permitted on demonstrable last resort, which will be subjected to an aggregated upper limit for all the projects in a
District or State as notified by the State Government.
381:
Projects involving agro-processing, supply of inputs to agriculture, warehousing, cold storage facilities, marketing infrastructure for agriculture and allied activities such as dairy, fisheries, and meat processing, set up or owned by the appropriate
Government or by a farmers' cooperative or by an
540:
The Bill as drafted mandates compensation and entitlements without limit to number of claimants. Thus, for clarity and as an example, if 1000 acres of rural land is to be acquired for a project, with market price of ₹2,25,000 per acre (US$ 5000 per acre), 100 families claim to be land owners, and 5
418:
When government declares public purpose and shall control the land directly, consent of the land owner shall not be required. However, when the government acquires the land for private companies, the consent of at least 80% of the project affected families shall be obtained through a prior informed
105:
An Act to ensure, in consultation with institutions of local self-government and Gram Sabhas established under the
Constitution, a humane, participative, informed and transparent process for land acquisition for industrialisation, development of essential infrastructural facilities and urbanisation
655:
According to Government of India, the contribution of agriculture to Indian economy's gross domestic product has been steadily dropping with every decade since its independence. As of 2009, about 15.7% of India's GDP is derived from agriculture. Act will mandate higher payments for land as well as
529:
Schedule III of LARR 2011 proposes additional amenities over and beyond those outlined above. Schedule III proposes that the land acquirer shall provide 25 additional services to families affected by the land acquisition. Some examples of the 25 additional services include schools, health centres,
333:
ruled (State of Maharashtra v. Chandrabhan Tale on 7 July 1983) that the fundamental right to property has been abolished because of its incompatibility with the goals of "justice" social, economic and political and "equality of status and of opportunity" and with the establishment of "a socialist
312:
believed there was a heightened public concern on land acquisition issues in India. Of particular concern was that despite many amendments, over the years, to India's Land Acquisition Act of 1894, there was an absence of a cohesive national law that addressed fair compensation when private land is
240:
and lays down the procedure and rules for granting compensation, rehabilitation and resettlement to the affected persons in India. The Act has provisions to provide fair compensation to those whose land is taken away, brings transparency to the process of acquisition of land to set up factories or
766:
The bill inflates the cost of land to help a small minority of Indians at the cost of the vast majority of Indian citizens, as less than 10% of Indian population owns rural or urban land., The LARR Bill 2011 favours a privileged minority of land owners as the Bill mandates above market prices for
762:
The Confederation of Real Estate Developers' Association of India claims that the proposed LARR 2011 bill is kind of one-sided, its ill-thought-out entitlements may sound very altruistic and pro-poor, but these are unsustainable and will kill the goose that lays the golden egg. This group further
751:
seeks about 4000 acres for its US$ 12 billion proposed steel manufacturing plant in the Indian state of Orissa. In most cases, even small companies planning US$ 10-US$ 300 million investment, seeking 100 or more acres will be affected by the compensation plus rehabilitation effort and expenses of
720:
Some economists suggest that it attaches an arbitrary mark-up to the historical market price to determine compensation amounts, along with its numerous entitlements to potentially unlimited number of claimants. This according to them shall guarantee neither social justice nor the efficient use of
575:
A 2010 report by the Government of India, on labour whose livelihood depends on agricultural land, claims that, per 2009 data collected across all states in India, the all-India annual average daily wage rates in agricultural occupations ranged between ₹53 and 117 per day for men working in farms
570:
According to the United States Department of Agriculture, as of January 2010, the average farmland value in the United States was $ 2,140 per acre (₹96,300 per acre). The farmland prices in the United States varied between different parts of the country, ranging from $ 480 per acre to $ 4,690 per
514:
In addition to the above compensation and entitlements under the proposed LARR 2011, scheduled caste and schedule tribe (SC/ST) families will be entitled to several other additional benefits per Schedule II of the proposed bill. India has over 250 million people protected and classified as SC/ST,
328:
State must pay compensation at the market value for such land, building or structure acquired (Inserted by Constitution, Seventeenth Amendment Act, 1964), the same can be found in the earlier rulings when property right was a fundamental right (such as 1954 AIR 170, 1954 SCR 558, which propounded
725:
to extract additional compensation, thereby adversely affecting those who chose long term employment in the affected families. The Bill, these economists suggest, should link compensation and entitlements to the progress and success of the project, such as through partial compensation in form of
659:
Act provides to compensate rural households – both land owners and livelihood losers. The Act goes beyond compensation, it mandates guaranteed series of entitlements to rural households affected. According to a July 2011 report from the Government of India, the average rural household per capita
555:
The average effective cost of land, in the above example will be at least ₹41,00,000 (US$ 91,400) per acre plus replacement homes and additional services per Schedule III to VI of the proposed bill. Even if the pre-acquisition average market price for land were just ₹22,500 per acre (US$ 500 per
411:
Project for residential purposes to the poor or landless or to persons residing in areas affected by natural calamities, or to persons displaced or affected by reason of the implementation of any scheme undertaken by the Government, any local authority or a corporation owned or controlled by the
732:
LARR 2011 places no limit on total compensation or number of claimants; nor does it place any statute of limitations on claims or claimants. The beneficiaries of the Bill, with guaranteed jobs for 26 years, will have no incentive to be productive. The Bill should place a limit on total value of
673:
an additional entitlement of a job to the family member, or a payment of ₹5,00,000 (US$ 11,000) up front, or a monthly annuity totaling ₹24,000 (US$ 550) per year for 20 years with adjustment for inflation – the option from these three choices shall be the legal right of the affected land owner
493:
an additional entitlement of a job to the family member, or a payment of ₹5,00,000 (US$ 11,000) up front, or a monthly annuity totaling ₹24,000 (US$ 550) per year for 20 years with adjustment for inflation – the option from these three choices shall be the legal right of the affected land owner
321:
fundamental right but rather a constitutional/legal right/as a statutory right and in the event of breach, the remedy available to an aggrieved person is through the High Court under Article 226 of the Indian Constitution and not the Supreme Court under Article 32 of the Constitution. .
441:
651:
Per an April 2010 report, over 50% of Indian population (about 60 crore people) derived its livelihood from farm lands. With an average rural household size of 5.5, LARR Bill 2011 R&R entitlement benefits may apply to about 10.9 crore rural households in India.
370:
For strategic purposes relating to naval, military, air force, and armed forces of the Union, including central paramilitary forces or any work vital to national security or defence of India or State police, safety of the people; or *For corridor purpose
716:
Some criticize the Act citing that it is heavily loaded in favour of land owners and ignores the needs of poor Indians who need affordable housing, impoverished families who need affordable hospitals, schools, employment opportunities and infrastructure and
377:
All activities or items listed in the notification of the Government of India in the Department of Economic Affairs (Infrastructure Section) number 13/6/2009-INF, dated 27 March 2012, excluding private hospitals, private educational institutions and private
300:. It allows the acquisition of land for some public purpose by a government agency from individual landowners after paying a government-determined compensation to cover losses incurred by landowners from surrendering their land to the agency.
618:
Multiplication factors in rural and urban area are added rather than increasing the base Land cost (Land is most essential component for any infrastructure geographically, socially, economically, as per terrain available with/without
1376:
422:
The Act includes an urgency clause for expedited land acquisition. The urgency clause may only be invoked for national defense, security and in the event of rehabilitation of affected people from natural disasters or emergencies.
506:
if the land is acquired for urbanization, 20% of the developed land will be reserved and offered to land owning families, in proportion to their land acquired and at a price equal to cost of acquisition plus cost of subsequent
752:
LARR 2011. The WSJ article further claims that the proposed LARR 2011 bill doesn't actually define the word "acquisition," and leaves open a loophole that could allow government agencies to continue banking land indefinitely.
419:
process before government uses its power under the Act to acquire the remaining land for public good, and in case of a public-private project at least 70% of the affected families should consent to the acquisition process.
638:
Land Holding & maintenance cost to farmers/Land owners (as per current date land situation) till land acquired by government/others (As crop price are also not favorable to farmers in compression to other item in
699:
The effects of LARR Bill 2011, in certain cases, will apply retroactively to pending and incomplete projects. land acquisition for all linear projects such as highways, irrigation canals, railways, ports and others.
559:
The LARR Bill of 2011 proposes the above benchmarks as minimum. The state governments of India, or private companies, may choose to set and implement a policy that pays more than the minimum proposed by LARR 2011.
1418:
733:
entitlement benefits that can be annually claimed per acre, this entitlement pool should then be divided between the affected families, and the government should run this program if it is considered to be fair.
341:
The Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, 2011 was introduced in Lok Sabha. Two bills on similar lines were introduced in Lok Sabha in 2007. These Bills lapsed with the dissolution of the
1038:
680:
additional benefits may apply if the land is resold without development, used for urbanization, or if the land owner belongs to SC/ST or other protected groups per rules of the Government of India
1508:
648:
The 2013 Act is expected to affect rural families in India whose primary livelihood is derived from farms. The Act will also affect urban households in India whose land or property is acquired.
408:
Project for planned development or the improvement of village sites or any site in the urban areas or provision of land for residential purposes for the weaker sections in rural and urban areas;
956:
1386:
1133:
824:
1490:
663:
For a typical rural household that owns the average of 3 acres of land, the Act will replace the loss of annual average per capita income of ₹11,136 for the rural household, with:
556:
acre) in the above example, the proposed R&R, other entitlements and Schedule III to VI would raise the effective cost of land to at least ₹33,03,000 (US$ 73,400) per acre.
1428:
689:₹18,36,000 (US$ 41,727) to the rural land owner; which is the total of R&R allowances of ₹6,36,000 plus ₹12,00,000 – which is four times the market value of the land, plus
1068:
17:
615:
During this period LARR 2011 bill under discussion, Compensation is as per previous Land acquisition bill (Poor farmers lost their lands in unfair/ unfavorable condition)
537:
2011 proposes that Schedule II through VI shall apply even when private companies willingly buy land from willing sellers, without any involvement of the government.
267:
In December 2014 the Land Acquisition Ordinance 2014 was issued. An amendment bill was then introduced in Parliament. Lok Sabha passed the amendment bill but not the
800:
335:
695:
additional payments of ₹6,36,000 each to any additional families claiming to have lost its livelihood because of the acquisition, even if they do not own the land
988:
1618:
1046:
530:
roads, safe drinking water, child support services, places of worship, burial and cremation grounds, post offices, fair price shops, and storage facilities.
510:
if acquired land is resold without development, 20% of the appreciated land value shall be mandatorily shared with the original owner whose land was acquired
855:
1518:
908:
385:
Project for industrial corridors or mining activities, national investment and manufacturing zones, as designated in the National Manufacturing Policy;
563:
For context purposes, the proposed land prices because of compensation and R&R LARR 2011 may be compared with land prices elsewhere in the world:
963:
1594:
Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Social Impact Assessment and Consent) Rules, 2014
470:
Compensation under this Act provides for resettlement and rehabilitation of people affected by displacement and acquisition of land under the act.
324:
Moreover, no one can challenge the reasonableness of the restriction imposed by any law the legislature made to deprive the person of his property.
233:
1460:
1144:
1613:
1494:
541:
families per acre claim their rights as livelihood losers under the proposed LARR 2011 Bill, the total cost to acquire the 1000 acre would be
1291:
397:
Any infrastructure facility as may be notified in this regard by the Central Government and after tabling of such notification in Parliament;
567:
According to The Financial Times, in 2008, the farmland prices in France were Euro 6,000 per hectare ($ 2,430 per acre; ₹1,09,350 per acre).
503:
if the land owner loses a home in a rural area, then an additional entitlement of a house with no less than 50 square meters in plinth area
1239:
1182:
934:
1134:"Land Acquisition Law and Practice in Myanmar: Overview, Gap Analysis with IFC PS1 & PS5 and Scope of Due Diligence Recommendations"
692:
a house with no less than 50 square metres in plinth area and benefits from Schedule III-VI as applicable to the rural land owner, plus
1165:
882:
747:
claims that the proposed LARR 2011 rules will apply even when any private company acquires 100 acres of land or more. For context,
1568:
437:
person whose name is recorded as the owner of the land or building or part thereof, in the records of the authority concerned; or
1475:
635:
Fair compensation including life time productive income from land to Farmer/land owner (Till date he/she or family holding land)
1183:"Bill Track - The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, 2013"
1608:
1593:
825:"The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Amendment) Bill, 2015"
736:
LARR 2011 as proposed severely curtails free market transactions between willing sellers and willing buyers. For example,
756:
285:
1365:. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, MINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION, NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY OFFICE. 8 July 2011.
447:
person who is entitled to be granted Patta rights on the land under any law of the State including assigned lands; or
1550:
200:
632:
Compensation should be time bound and to amount to be released with is a time frame / as per bill recommendations.
609:
Not many changes are done in bill after parliamentary discussions and LARR 2011 bill passed with marginal changes.
1359:
237:
1240:"The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013"
405:
Project for housing, or such income groups, as may be specified from time to time by the appropriate Government;
860:
829:
1589:
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013
1532:
612:
Large land acquisition are done by government/others during the period bill is under discussion in parliament.
18:
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013
1273:
744:
670:
an upfront payment of ₹1,36,000 (US$ 3,000) for subsistence, transportation and resettlement allowances, and
218:
Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013
71:
Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013
391:
Project for Government administered, Government aided educational and research schemes or institutions;
241:
buildings, infrastructural projects and assures rehabilitation of those affected. The Act replaced the
1295:
1213:
442:
The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006
364:
Section 2(1) of the Act defines the following as public purpose for land acquisition within India:
309:
136:
85:
1513:
1423:
1381:
1115:
330:
261:
1331:
1309:
1442:
1015:
596:
Compensation as per newly amended bill is not distributed (Under below mentioned circumstances)
515:
about 22% of its total population. The proposed additional benefits to these families include:
1107:
118:
771:
Code, the Fourth Schedule referred to by LARR 2011 Bill, consists of 16 bills, including the
1039:"Land Acquisition Ordinance re-promulgated as Amendment Bill lies with Joint Parl Committee"
1069:"Farm Laws repeal: Second big climbdown by Modi government since coming to power in 2014"
1345:
551:
Livelihood loser entitlements = ₹365,00,00,000 (US$ 70,000,000) + 5000 replacement homes
51:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
785:
343:
1602:
525:
free land for community and social gatherings, and special Schedule V and VI benefits
316:
Forty-Fourth Amendment Act of 1978 omitted Art 19(1) (f) with the net result being:-
252:
The Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, 2011 was introduced in
1588:
629:
Bill recommendation to be implemented as dated bill appeared in parliament.(2011)
256:
on 7 September 2011. The bill was then passed by it on 29 August 2013 and by the
805:
748:
737:
268:
257:
246:
1016:"Land Acquisition Ordinance 2014: Dismissing democracy, displacing safeguards?"
450:
any person who has been declared as such by an order of the court or Authority;
795:
790:
726:
548:
Land owner entitlements = ₹6,30,00,000 (US$ 1,400,000) + 100 replacement homes
96:
77:
1401:
1111:
772:
497:
an additional upfront compensation of ₹50,000 (US$ 1,100) for transportation
394:
Project for sports, health care, tourism, transportation of space programme;
253:
1334:. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of India. April 2010.
388:
Project for water harvesting and water conservation structures, sanitation;
293:
1315:. Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India. 30 March 2010.
1119:
1095:
1219:. Research and Information Division, Lok Sabha Secretariat. April 2013.
297:
1166:"The Land Acquisition and Resettlement and Rehabilitation Bill, 2011"
856:"'State govts acquire land by subverting rights and bending the law'"
193:
1360:"KEY INDICATORS OF HOUSEHOLD CONSUMER EXPENDITURE IN INDIA, 2009–10"
487:
660:
expenditure/income in 2010, was ₹928 per month (US$ 252 per year).
606:
Land acquired in the period bill is under discussion in parliament.
374:
For infrastructure projects, which includes the following, namely:
264:
on 27 September 2013. The Act came into force from 1 January 2014.
1214:"The Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, 2011"
1096:"History of Eminent Domain in Colonial Thought and Legal Practice"
500:
an additional upfront resettlement allowance of ₹50,000(US$ 1,100)
289:
935:"President Pranab Mukherjee gives nod to Land Acquisition Bill"
677:
a house with no less than 50 square meters in plinth area, and
260:
on 4 September 2013. The bill then received the assent of the
31:
1461:"DLF calls for some changes in the new Land Acquisition Bill"
1419:"Kerala: Govt nod for land acquisition rehabilitation policy"
989:"The New Land Acquisition Act to come into effect from 2014"
1533:"Proposed land acquisition Bill seen as a retrograde step"
1332:"Agriculture Census – All Social Groups, 2005–2006, India"
1292:"Land use, value and management: Agricultural Land Values"
773:
ancient monuments and archaeological sites and remains Act
519:
an additional land grant of 2.5 acres per affected family
712:, LARR 2011, is being criticized on a number of fronts:
284:
The Land Acquisition Act, 1894 was a law passed by the
1509:"Builders call land acquisition bill anti-development"
1402:"The Land Acquisition Bill: A Critique and a Proposal"
1348:. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
957:"Gazette Notification of coming into force of the Act"
444:
or under any other law for the time being in force; or
1346:"Consumption Expenditure of Farmer Households, India"
1443:"Industry against proposed law on land acquisition"
288:, that governed the process of land acquisition in
192:
184:
176:
168:
160:
152:
142:
132:
124:
114:
84:
70:
1569:"Jairam Ramesh controversial land bill draws flak"
1033:
1031:
1029:
590:Compensation criteria are not understandable/clear
545:Land compensation = ₹90,00,00,000 (US$ 20,000,000)
1377:"Assocham seeks review of Land Acquisition Bill"
1326:
1324:
1322:
1294:. USDA Economic Research Service. Archived from
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1551:"Land Acquisition Bill – Short of expectations"
909:"Land Acquisition Bill introduced in Lok Sabha"
801:2011 land acquisition protests in Uttar Pradesh
522:an additional assistance of ₹50,000 (US$ 1,100)
434:
367:
146:29 August 2013 and 5 September 2013(Lok Sabha)
580:Issues and expectations regarding compensation
431:The Act defines the following as land owner:
8:
667:four times the market value of the land, and
593:Compensation prices variation place to place
490:38,000 (US$ 800) for the first year - may be
1491:"The New Land Acquisition Bill: A Critique"
1478:. The Wall Street Journal, India Real Time.
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
883:"Cabinet clears land bill despite protests"
1476:"Jairam Ramesh Speaks on Land Acquisition"
440:person who is granted forest rights under
1022:(11) – via Oxfam Open Repository.
816:
486:an additional subsistence allowance of
102:
1274:"European farmland hits record prices"
402:Project for project affected families;
67:
1400:Ghatak & Ghosh (September 2011).
962:. Government of India. Archived from
292:until 2013 and continues to do so in
7:
1619:Acts of the Parliament of India 2013
849:
847:
1449:. Chennai, India. 14 November 2011.
382:institution set up under a statute;
1517:. 7 September 2011. Archived from
1427:. 23 November 2011. Archived from
1385:. 6 September 2011. Archived from
854:Sonak, Ishani (12 December 2018).
674:family, not the land acquirer, and
25:
1474:Lahiri, Tripti (4 August 2011).
76:
36:
1094:Bhattacharyya, Debjani (2015).
1014:Kohli, Kanchi (February 2015).
474:Rehabilitation and resettlement
336:Dey Biswas 2014, 14-15 footnote
937:. NDTV. PTI. 27 September 2013
148:4 September 2013 (Rajya Sabha)
1:
1614:Manmohan Singh administration
1100:Economic and Political Weekly
1045:. 1 June 2015. Archived from
494:family, not the land acquirer
757:Observer Research Foundation
360:Definition of public purpose
286:Imperial Legislative Council
1310:"WAGE RATES IN RURAL INDIA"
1171:. PRS Legislative Research.
1635:
1143:. May 2015. Archived from
685:land, with the following:
427:Definition of 'land owner'
243:Land Acquisition Act, 1894
222:Land Acquisition Act, 2013
201:Land Acquisition Act, 1894
426:
206:
199:
91:
75:
45:This article needs to be
1489:Sahoo (September 2011).
1020:Oxfam India Policy Brief
830:PRS Legislative Research
234:Act of Indian Parliament
27:Act of Indian Parliament
1229:Section 2(2) of the Act
745:The Wall Street Journal
1141:Displacement Solutions
453:
415:
1609:Property law in India
1521:on 26 September 2012.
1263:Section 10 of the Act
1245:. Parliament of India
1073:The Financial Express
478:For land owners, the
457:Limits on acquisition
1298:on 2 September 2011.
644:Benefits and effects
1575:. 20 November 2011.
1539:. 15 November 2011.
1049:on 15 December 2016
310:Government of India
137:Parliament of India
86:Parliament of India
1514:The Times of India
1424:The Times of India
1382:The Times of India
1075:. 19 November 2021
993:The Economic Times
915:. 7 September 2011
889:. 6 September 2011
350:Discussion of bill
262:President of India
125:Territorial extent
1389:on 19 April 2012.
995:. 16 October 2013
969:on 4 January 2014
331:O Chinnappa Reddy
214:
213:
164:27 September 2013
156:27 September 2013
66:
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16:(Redirected from
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238:land acquisition
185:Committee report
180:No. 77-C of 2011
153:Assented to
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247:British rule
242:
230:RFCTLARR Act
229:
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1573:India Today
1185:. PRS India
806:POSCO India
749:POSCO India
738:DLF Limited
717:industries.
507:development
269:Rajya Sabha
258:Rajya Sabha
188:17 May 2012
1603:Categories
1249:10 October
1189:10 October
1079:18 January
999:1 November
941:10 October
919:17 January
867:18 January
836:17 January
812:References
796:Land bonds
791:Public use
727:land bonds
721:resources.
704:Criticisms
619:resources)
482:provides:
355:Provisions
275:Background
97:Long title
1555:The Hindu
1447:The Hindu
1112:0012-9976
973:4 January
254:Lok Sabha
169:Commenced
1120:44002962
780:See also
639:economy)
294:Pakistan
232:) is an
226:LARR Act
210:In force
115:Citation
601:Example
378:hotels;
371:railway
298:Myanmar
280:History
208:Status:
194:Repeals
143:Enacted
47:updated
1118:
1110:
1053:1 June
893:1 June
585:Issues
412:State.
220:(also
161:Signed
1405:(PDF)
1363:(PDF)
1313:(PDF)
1243:(PDF)
1217:(PDF)
1169:(PDF)
1137:(PDF)
1116:JSTOR
967:(PDF)
960:(PDF)
571:acre.
533:LARR
290:India
1251:2013
1191:2013
1108:ISSN
1081:2022
1055:2015
1001:2013
975:2014
943:2013
921:2022
895:2015
887:NDTV
869:2022
838:2022
755:The
710:Bill
535:Bill
480:Bill
308:The
304:Need
296:and
216:The
338:).
228:or
224:or
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488:₹
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20:)
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