458:. The line between been god and god-like was at times less than clear to the population at large, and Augustus seems to have been aware of the necessity of keeping the ambiguity. As a purely semantic mechanism, and to maintain ambiguity, the court of Augustus sustained the concept that any worship given to an emperor was paid to the "position of emperor" rather than the person of the emperor. However, the subtle semantic distinction was lost outside Rome, where Augustus began to be worshiped as a deity. The inscription DF thus came to be used for Augustus, at times unclear which meaning was intended. The assumption of the title
339:
Amun, to solely lead worship identifying as the Son of the God he called Father, the latter which he recognized through the aten (sun), the vehicle through which the power of the God manifested to him. Within a few years of his first epiphany and becoming king, King
Akhenaten had dropped the priestly title of ḥm ntr tpy, but remained serving as the sole cleric and son of the Father in his rule of the Two Lands. Later still, the closest Egypt came to the Jewish variant of theocracy was during the reign of
67:
734:
398:
338:
redefined the pharaoh's godship. He taught "there was only one god and only one person who now knew the god: Akhenaten himself" and assumed position of the ḥm ntr tpy (first servant of god). He eventually eliminated all representation on his behalf by the priests of Amun as he also eliminated the god
831:
The text seems to talk about a messianic figure from
Ephraim who broke evil before righteousness by three days. Later the text talks about a "prince of princes" a leader of Israel who was killed by the evil king and not properly buried. The evil king was then miraculously defeated. The text seems to
329:
are known to have been referred to as the son of a particular god and their begetting in some cases is even given in sexually explicit detail. Egyptian pharaohs did not have full parity with their divine fathers but rather were subordinate. Nevertheless, in the first four dynasties, the pharaoh was
148:
on many occasions. On two occasions, Jesus is recognized as the Son of God by a voice which speaks from Heaven. Jesus explicitly and implicitly describes himself as the Son of God and he is also described as the Son of God by various individuals who appear in the New
Testament. Jesus is called the
716:
Islam rejects any kinship between God and any other being, including a son. Thus, rejecting the belief that Jesus is the begotten son of God, God himself or another god. As in
Christianity, Islam believes Jesus had no earthly father. In Islam Jesus is believed to be born due to the command of God
462:
by
Augustus meshed with a larger campaign by him to exercise the power of his image. Official portraits of Augustus made even towards the end of his life continued to portray him as a handsome youth, implying that miraculously, he never aged. Given that few people had ever seen the emperor, these
766:" are occasionally found in Jewish literature, they never refer to physical descent from God. There are two instances where Jewish kings are figuratively referred to as a god. These terms are often used in the general sense in which the Jewish people were referred to as "children of the L
619:
Another interpretation stems from the Judaic understanding of the title, which describes all human beings as being Sons of God. In parts of the Old
Testament, historical figures like Jacob and Solomon are referred to as Sons of God, referring to their descent from
528:, the term "Son of God" is applied to Jesus, but does not indicate a literal physical relationship between Jesus and God, but is symbolic and is used to indicate the very strong spiritual relationship between Jesus and God and the source of his authority.
358:
referred to himself as a son of Rakib. Rakib-El is a god who appears in
Phoenician and Aramaic inscriptions. Panammuwa II died unexpectedly while in Damascus. However, his son the king Bar-Rakib was not a native of Damascus but rather the ruler of
548:
among others. Shoghi
Effendi notes that, since all Manifestations of God share the same intimate relationship with God and reflect the same light, the term Sonship can in a sense be attributable to all the Manifestations.
832:
refer to
Jeremiah Chapter 31. The choice of Ephraim as the lineage of the messianic figure described in the text seems to draw on passages in Jeremiah, Zechariah and Hosea. This leader was referred to as a son of God.
2728:
157:, the King chosen by God. The contexts and ways in which Jesus' title, Son of God, means something more or something other than the title Messiah remain the subject of ongoing scholarly study and discussion.
2372:
The tablet, probably found near the Dead Sea in Jordan according to some scholars who have studied it, is a rare example of a stone with ink writings from that era — in essence, a Dead Sea Scroll on stone.
318:, there was also a widespread use of "Son of God/Son of Heaven" for instance, in the third century BC, the ruler was called Chanyü and similar titles were used as late as the 13th century by Genghis Khan.
532:, the head of the Baháʼí Faith in the first half of the 20th century, also noted that the term does not indicate that the station of Jesus is superior to other prophets and messengers that Baháʼís name
2432:
872:
refers to a figure who will be called the son of God and son of the Most High. It is debated if this figure represents the royal messiah, a future evil gentile king or something else.
624:. Biblical scholars use this title as a way of affirming Jesus' humanity, that he is fully human but, also sent from his father who is God almighty alone as mentioned in John 3:16.
330:
considered to be the embodiment of a god. Thus, Egypt was ruled by direct theocracy, wherein "God himself is recognized as the head" of the state. During the later
2824:
1313:
929:
533:
2815:
2264:
1537:
2436:
2577:
2543:
2472:
2408:
2226:
2192:
1914:
1887:
1779:
1752:
1665:
1513:
1486:
1461:
1382:
1345:
2320:
2496:
2248:
2161:
2141:
2116:
2096:
1834:
1807:
1732:
1712:
1692:
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1271:
1247:
1227:
1207:
1180:
1109:
1089:
1068:
1019:
995:
963:
835:
The text seems to be based on a Jewish revolt recorded by
Josephus dating from 4 BC. Based on its dating the text seems to refer to
2355:
746:
670:
2921:
2503:
1929:
777:, the term referred to Israel in particular or it referred to human beings in general, it was not used as a reference to the
418:
149:"Son of God," and followers of Jesus are called, "Christians." As applied to Jesus, the term is a reference to his role as
2808:
2182:
435:(son of the god). As a daring and unprecedented move, Augustus used this title to advance his political position in the
378:) and many other figures were considered to be sons of gods through union with mortal women. From around 360 BC onwards
217:
1317:
2686:
2268:
49:
787:
has a broader meaning and usage and can refer to a wide range of people and objects, not necessarily related to the
1158:
1122:
193:
2916:
2895:
2890:
890:
community seemed to think that at the end of days Melchizedek would reign as their king. The passage is based on
757:
558:
2533:
2801:
1337:
King and Messiah as Son of God: Divine, Human, and Angelic Messianic Figures in Biblical and Related Literature
2855:
2845:
2734:
2641:
924:
805:
351:
188:
of the Trinity identifies Jesus as God the Son, identical in essence but distinct in person with regard to
2272:
1199:
200:
Christians accept the application to Jesus of the term "Son of God", which is found in the New Testament.
568:
145:
1544:
525:
66:
2593:
2926:
2875:
1288:
613:
605:
231:
38:
1427:
2723:
664:
379:
239:
2885:
2870:
2360:
903:
824:
written in the first person and dated to the late 1st century BC. It is a tablet described as a "
800:
788:
778:
597:
436:
181:
2330:
2507:
1335:
2754:
2573:
2567:
2539:
2468:
2404:
2222:
2216:
2188:
2157:
2137:
2112:
2092:
1910:
1883:
1877:
1830:
1803:
1775:
1748:
1728:
1708:
1688:
1661:
1641:
1616:
1596:
1509:
1503:
1482:
1457:
1378:
1372:
1341:
1267:
1261:
1243:
1223:
1203:
1176:
1105:
1085:
1064:
1015:
991:
959:
855:
refer to the sons of God rather than the sons of Israel, probably in reference to angels. The
813:
545:
322:
294:
42:
2462:
2398:
1904:
808:, also called the Vision of Gabriel or the Jeselsohn Stone, is a three-foot-tall (one metre)
919:
907:
852:
825:
609:
572:
304:
290:
266:
247:
75:
2789:
in The Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. ed. by Joel Greene, Scot McKnight and I. Howard
1684:
906:
and the related text The Story of Asenath, Joseph is referred to as the son of God. In the
2840:
2696:
836:
742:
705:
655:
594:
367:
315:
141:
126:
1906:
Understanding Islam and Christianity: Beliefs That Separate Us and How to Talk About Them
2850:
2793:
692:
633:
590:
537:
529:
197:
189:
165:
154:
114:
79:
2759:
Quest of the Historical Jesus: A Critical Study of the Progress from Reimarus to Wrede
2910:
2706:
2351:
2325:
2297:
883:
722:
641:
505:
410:
331:
262:
221:
213:
137:
60:
809:
674:
582:
501:
286:
106:
2464:
Redemption and Resistance: The Messianic Hopes of Jews and Christians in Antiquity
1824:
343:. He took on the role of ruler not as a god but rather as a high-priest and king.
882:
is referred to as god the divine judge. Melchizedek in the bible was the king of
2860:
879:
848:
753:
733:
576:
564:
431:
225:
209:
161:
130:
31:
975:
856:
710:
696:
118:
17:
1851:
Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices
1405:
1040:
2865:
1882:(Édition révisée. ed.). Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. p. 239.
863:
335:
2676:. trans. and ed. by William Whiston. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publishing. 1960.
360:
355:
321:
Examples of kings being considered the son of god are found throughout the
2041:
1502:
K. van der Toorn; Bob Becking; Pieter Willem van der Horst, eds. (1999).
891:
821:
541:
509:
486:
467:
422:
402:
371:
347:
185:
173:
2701:
Historical Theology: An Introduction to the History of Christian Thought
1123:"International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Sons of God (New Testament)"
910:
both Jacob and the angel are referred to as angels and the sons of God.
297:. This title may also be translated as "son of God" given that the word
783:
718:
688:
683:
475:
383:
340:
326:
299:
282:
177:
150:
109:
as another way to refer to humans who have a special relationship with
56:
2250:"By Three Days, Live": Messiahs, Resurrection, and Ascent to Heavon in
425:, a title given to him 15 years later, in 27 BC) thus became known as
2880:
887:
637:
601:
481:
405:
minted circa 18 BC. Obverse: CAESAR AVGVSTVS; reverse: DIVVS IVLIV(S)
122:
762:
Although references to "sons of God", "son of God" and "son of the L
442:
The word which was applied to Julius Caesar when he was deified was
274:
254:
600 AD) have assumed titles that reflect a filial relationship with
121:
is called God's firstborn son. Solomon is also called "son of God".
397:
325:. Egypt in particular developed a long lasting tradition. Egyptian
2828:
2729:
Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus
1658:
Experiencing Rome: culture, identity and power in the Roman Empire
1374:
The Mind of Egypt: History and Meaning in the Time of the Pharaohs
934:
876:
869:
774:
738:
732:
678:
647:
586:
439:, finally overcoming all rivals for power within the Roman state.
396:
255:
83:
65:
346:
According to the Bible, several kings of Damascus took the title
1879:
The new encyclopedia of Islam, with introduction by Huston Smith
621:
391:
387:
375:
270:
2797:
2638:
ed. by Henry A. Fischel. New York: KTAV Publishing House. 1977.
1260:
Boscaro, Adriana; Gatti, Franco; Raveri, Massimo, eds. (2003).
2742:
Development of Christian Doctrine: Some Historical Prolegomena
2662:. Grand Rapids: InterVarsity Press. Eerdmans Publishing. 2003.
2535:
Judaism of the Second Temple Period: Qumran and Apocalypticism
817:
363:
it is unknown if other rules of Sam'al used similar language.
110:
2766:
Invitation to Christian Spirituality: An Ecumenical Anthology
2660:
Christology in Cultural Perspective: Marking Out the Horizons
1772:
In The Glory of the Father: The Baháʼí Faith and Christianity
470:(emperor from 14 to 37 AD) came to be accepted as the son of
354:
contains similar language. The son of Panammuwa II a king of
293:
was responsible for the well-being of the whole world by the
866:
text in which God refers to the Davidic messiah as his son.
160:
The term "Son of God" should not be confused with the term "
1800:
The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh, Volume 2: Adrianople 1863–68
277:
meaning child) was first used in the Western Zhou dynasty (
2711:
From Politics to Piety: The Emergence of Pharisaic Judaism
2667:
Thirsty for God: A Brief History of Christian Spirituality
2065:
1969:
1945:
1829:. New Delhi, India: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 491.
90:
Historically, many rulers have assumed titles such as the
2780:
The Jesus Quest: The Third Search for the Jew of Nazareth
2761:. trans. by W. Montgomery. London: A & C Black. 1931.
2569:
The Gospel of John in Cultural and Rhetorical Perspective
2017:
1993:
669:'Jesus, son of Mary'), and is understood to be a
230:
Throughout history, emperors and rulers ranging from the
1909:. Euguen, Oregon: Harvest House Publishers. p. 12.
1428:"Akhenaten, Nefertiti & Aten: From Many Gods to One"
593:. It derives from several uses in the New Testament and
352:
a stela erected by Bar-Rakib for his father Panammuwa II
37:"God's Son" redirects here. For the 2002 Nas album, see
2218:
Constantine, Divine Emperor of the Christian Golden Age
2156:
by Amy-Jill Levine and Marc Z. Brettler (Nov 15, 2011)
1705:
Gardner's art through the ages: the western perspective
1456:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 198–206.
1263:
Rethinking Japan: Social Sciences, Ideology and Thought
289:
belief that as Son of Heaven (and as its delegate) the
2636:
Essays in Greco-Roman and Related Talmudic Literature.
1940:
1938:
2461:
Markus Bockmuehl; James Carleton Paget, eds. (2007).
1481:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 72–73.
1061:
One teacher: Jesus' teaching role in Matthew's gospel
1266:. Vol. II. Japan Library Limited. p. 300.
1196:
East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History
1149:(10th ed.) (2001). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
758:
Son of God (Christianity) § Old Testament usage
30:
For the second person of the Christian Trinity, see
2356:"Tablet ignites debate on messiah and resurrection"
2136:by Maxine Grossman and Adele Berlin (Mar 14, 2011)
1329:
1327:
1538:"Panammuwa and Bar-Rakib: two structural analyses"
1334:Adela Yarbro Collins; John Joseph Collins (2008).
2749:The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600)
1505:Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible DDD
1173:China : a cultural and historical dictionary
585:, the title "Son of God" refers to the status of
2572:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 313–316.
2594:"The Story of Asenath" and "Joseph and Aseneth"
1569:Cartledge, Paul (2004). "Alexander the Great".
2625:. Edinburgh: T & T Clark Publishing. 1996.
2254:, Israel Knohl, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1377:. Harvard University Press. pp. 300–301.
930:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
196:(the First and Third Persons of the Trinity).
2809:
2751:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1971.
2598:Pseudepigrapha, Apocrypha and Sacred Writings
2456:
2454:
1866:, Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2010, p. 74
1793:
1791:
1102:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
485:. By the end of the 1st century, the emperor
421:. His adopted son, Octavian (better known as
413:was formally deified as "the divine Julius" (
8:
2713:. Providence, R. I.: Brown University. 1973.
2134:The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion
2538:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 249.
2319:van Biema, David; Tim McGirk (2008-07-07).
2221:. Cambridge University Press. p. 342.
2129:
2127:
2125:
1826:Lights of Guidance: A Baháʼí Reference File
1774:. Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 74–75.
1745:Encyclopedia of ancient Asian civilizations
1508:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 686.
951:
949:
839:, one of the three leaders of this revolt.
721:(Gabriel) to "blow" the soul of Jesus into
303:in Chinese may either mean sky or god. The
2816:
2802:
2794:
2782:. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press. 1995.
2768:. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999.
2693:. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press. 1998.
2683:. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press. 1993.
2655:. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing. 1993.
2623:Early Christianity and Hellenistic Judaism
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
1802:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. p. 182.
1633:
1631:
1629:
1366:
1364:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
1903:McDowell, Jim, Josh; Walker, Jim (2002).
1765:
1763:
1761:
1543:. University of Sheffield. Archived from
1191:
1189:
1168:
1166:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1676:
1674:
1432:American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE)
1314:"The Life and Conquests of Genghis Khan"
1012:The Tanach - The Torah/Prophets/Writings
988:The Tanach - The Torah/Prophets/Writings
1638:The world that shaped the New Testament
1588:
1586:
1584:
1479:Akhenaten and the Origins of Monotheism
1454:Akhenaten and the Origins of Monotheism
1147:Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary
956:Introduction to the Science of Religion
945:
2744:. London: Yale University Press. 1969.
2433:"DEUTERONOMY 32:8 AND THE SONS OF GOD"
2291:
2289:
703:in Arabic) with a new revelation, the
307:was also called the Son of Heaven (天子
72:Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
2775:. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. 1968.
2720:. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. 1980.
2703:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 1998.
1014:. Stone Edition. 1996. p. 1923.
429:(son of the divine Julius) or simply
311:) starting in the early 7th century.
105:The term "Son of God" is used in the
7:
2669:. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. 2005.
2630:An Introduction to the New Testament
1864:The Understanding of Christian Faith
990:. Stone Edition. 1996. p. 741.
2321:"Was Jesus' Resurrection a Sequel?"
2111:by Cyril Glassé, Huston Smith 2003
1202:, Anne Walthall, James Palais 2008
1082:The words and works of Jesus Christ
1041:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Son of God"
820:, containing a collection of short
659:
2154:The Jewish Annotated New Testament
1970:"Surah Al-Ma'idah [5:116]"
1849:J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann,
25:
2653:Backgrounds in Early Christianity
2467:. A&C Black. pp. 27–28.
2298:"A new Dead Sea Scroll in Stone?"
2042:"Surah Ali 'Imran [3:59]"
2018:"Surah Al-Ma'idah [5:75]"
1994:"Surah Al-Ma'idah [5:72]"
1853:, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 634-635
350:. From the archaeological record
285:book of songs, and reflected the
281:1000 BC). It is mentioned in the
2066:"Surah Al-Anbya [21:91]"
1316:. Humanities 360. Archived from
747:Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore
725:and so she gave birth to Jesus.
463:images sent a distinct message.
450:. Thus, Augustus called himself
2506:5 (1995) 43-66 . Archived from
2187:. T&T Clark International.
1946:"Surah An-Nisa [4:171]"
600:. The term is used in all four
2718:The Christological Controversy
2504:Bulletin for Biblical Research
1930:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
1340:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
1312:Darian Peters (July 3, 2009).
745:in the Borghese Chapel of the
125:, just and pious men, and the
1:
2296:Yardeni, Ada (Jan–Feb 2008).
2109:The new encyclopedia of Islam
1681:A companion to Roman religion
1104:by Geoffrey W. Bromiley 1988
278:
251:
243:
235:
144:, "Son of God" is applied to
2773:Gnosis and the New Testament
2632:. New York: Doubleday. 1997.
717:"be". God ordered the angel
218:Imperial cult (ancient Rome)
2403:. Society of Biblical Lit.
2302:Biblical Archaeology Review
1823:Hornby, Helen, ed. (1983).
1287:Britannica, Encyclopaedia.
1063:by John Yueh-Han Yieh 2004
386:by using the title "Son of
273:meaning sky/heaven/god and
50:Son of God (disambiguation)
2943:
2648:, London: SCM Press. 1989.
2431:Michael S. Heiser (2001).
1640:by Calvin J. Roetzel 2002
1593:Early Christian literature
798:
794:
751:
631:
562:
556:
382:may have implied he was a
207:
204:Rulers and imperial titles
54:
36:
29:
2836:
2646:Christology in the Making
2566:Jerome H. Neyrey (2009).
2215:Jonathan Bardill (2011).
1798:Taherzadeh, Adib (1977).
1477:Hoffmeier, James (2015).
1452:Hoffmeier, James (2015).
1242:by Bertrand Russell 2007
958:by Friedrich Muller 2004
559:Son of God (Christianity)
169:
41:. For the 2014 film, see
2091:by W. Barnes Tatum 2009
1770:Lepard, Brian D (2008).
1707:by Fred S. Kleiner 2008
1660:by Janet Huskinson 1999
1293:Xiongnu (people) article
773:When it was used by the
446:, not the distinct word
55:Not to be confused with
2778:Witherington, Ben III.
2735:Oxford University Press
2716:Norris, Richard A. Jr.
2397:Matthias Henze (2011).
2184:Jesus, Gnosis and Dogma
2181:Riemer Roukema (2010).
1747:by Charles Higham 2004
1727:by Brian W. Jones 1992
1406:"Catholic Encyclopedia"
1175:by Michael Dillon 1998
925:Jesus, King of the Jews
886:. At least some in the
524:In the writings of the
2532:David Flusser (2007).
2089:Jesus: A Brief History
1876:Glassé, Cyril (2001).
1536:K. Lawson Younger Jr.
781:. In Judaism the term
749:
687:, the Arabic term for
516:meaning "son of God".
406:
87:
48:. For other uses, see
2922:Religious terminology
2787:"The Gospel of John."
1615:by Pat Southern 1998
752:Further information:
736:
695:), sent to guide the
671:prophet and messenger
589:as the divine son of
569:Jesus in Christianity
400:
238:1000 BC) in China to
69:
2831:in the New Testament
2691:The Person of Christ
2658:Greene, Colin J. D.
1725:The Emperor Domitian
1371:Jan Assmann (2003).
1240:The Problem of China
1222:by Hisho Saito 2010
847:In some versions of
806:Gabriel's Revelation
795:Gabriel's Revelation
650:, Jesus is known as
606:Acts of the Apostles
534:Manifestation of God
334:, King Amenhotep IV/
232:Western Zhou dynasty
2740:Pelikan, Jaroslav.
2672:Josephus, Flavius.
2651:Ferguson, Everett.
2269:National Geographic
1862:Schubert M. Ogden,
1595:by Helen Rhee 2005
1127:BibleStudyTools.com
380:Alexander the Great
240:Alexander the Great
2871:Light of the World
2755:Schweitzer, Albert
2681:The Work of Christ
2361:The New York Times
2265:"The First Jesus?"
1320:on April 26, 2014.
1220:A History of Japan
904:Joseph and Aseneth
801:Messiah ben Joseph
750:
697:Children of Israel
504:, the 2nd-century
437:Second Triumvirate
407:
182:Christian theology
88:
2904:
2903:
2724:O'Collins, Gerald
2665:Holt, Bradley P.
2579:978-0-8028-4866-6
2545:978-0-8028-2469-1
2474:978-0-567-03043-6
2410:978-1-58983-541-2
2228:978-0-521-76423-0
2194:978-0-567-46642-6
2046:Surah Ali 'Imran
2022:Surah Al-Ma'idah
1998:Surah Al-Ma'idah
1974:Surah Al-Ma'idah
1916:978-0-7369-4991-0
1889:978-0-7591-0190-6
1781:978-1-931847-34-6
1753:978-0-8160-4640-9
1666:978-0-415-21284-7
1515:978-0-8028-2491-2
1488:978-0-19-979208-5
1463:978-0-19-979208-5
1384:978-0-674-01211-0
1347:978-0-8028-0772-4
1080:Dwight Pentecost
859:reads similarly.
812:with 87 lines of
668:
489:was being called
323:Ancient Near East
295:Mandate of Heaven
39:God's Son (album)
16:(Redirected from
2934:
2917:Biblical phrases
2876:Logos (The Word)
2866:Last/Second Adam
2856:King of the Jews
2851:Christ (Messiah)
2818:
2811:
2804:
2795:
2771:Wilson, R. Mcl.
2697:McGrath, Alister
2679:Letham, Robert.
2628:Brown, Raymond.
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2501:
2495:EDWARD M. COOK.
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2435:. Archived from
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2394:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2329:. Archived from
2316:
2310:
2309:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2271:. Archived from
2261:
2255:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2178:
2165:
2151:
2145:
2131:
2120:
2106:
2100:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1942:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1873:
1867:
1860:
1854:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1795:
1786:
1785:
1767:
1756:
1742:
1736:
1722:
1716:
1702:
1696:
1678:
1669:
1655:
1649:
1635:
1624:
1610:
1604:
1590:
1579:
1578:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1542:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1368:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1331:
1322:
1321:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1257:
1251:
1237:
1231:
1217:
1211:
1193:
1184:
1170:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1119:
1113:
1099:
1093:
1078:
1072:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1037:
1026:
1025:
1008:
1002:
1001:
984:
978:
973:
967:
953:
920:Emperor of Japan
908:Prayer of Joseph
853:Dead Sea Scrolls
843:Dead Sea Scrolls
816:text written in
769:
765:
663:
661:
573:Divine filiation
427:divi Iuli filius
305:Emperor of Japan
291:Emperor of China
280:
253:
248:Emperor of Japan
245:
237:
171:
129:are all called "
119:nation of Israel
82:proclaimed that
76:Baptism of Jesus
21:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2841:Alpha and Omega
2832:
2822:
2792:
2687:Macleod, Donald
2621:Borgen, Peder.
2617:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2513:on 4 March 2016
2510:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2396:
2395:
2378:
2366:
2364:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2336:
2334:
2333:on July 8, 2008
2318:
2317:
2313:
2295:
2294:
2287:
2278:
2276:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2152:
2148:
2132:
2123:
2107:
2103:
2087:
2083:
2074:
2072:
2070:Surah Al-Anbya
2064:
2063:
2059:
2050:
2048:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2024:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1978:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1857:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1769:
1768:
1759:
1743:
1739:
1723:
1719:
1703:
1699:
1679:
1672:
1656:
1652:
1636:
1627:
1611:
1607:
1591:
1582:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1550:on 4 March 2016
1547:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1426:Stevens, Anna.
1425:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1238:
1234:
1218:
1214:
1194:
1187:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1100:
1096:
1079:
1075:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1029:
1022:
1010:
1009:
1005:
998:
986:
985:
981:
974:
970:
954:
947:
943:
916:
900:
845:
837:Simon of Peraea
826:Dead Sea scroll
803:
797:
789:Jewish eschaton
779:Jewish mashiach
767:
763:
760:
743:Nicolas Cordier
737:Statue of King
731:
644:
630:
595:early Christian
579:
561:
555:
522:
512:used the title
491:dominus et deus
368:Greek mythology
316:Eurasian nomads
246:360 BC) to the
228:
208:Main articles:
206:
142:Christian Bible
127:kings of Israel
64:
53:
35:
28:
27:Religious title
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2940:
2938:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2909:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2798:
2791:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2764:Tyson, John R.
2762:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2721:
2714:
2707:Neusner, Jacob
2704:
2694:
2684:
2677:
2674:Complete Works
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:Dunn, J. D. G.
2639:
2633:
2626:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2585:
2578:
2558:
2544:
2524:
2487:
2473:
2450:
2439:on 29 May 2013
2423:
2409:
2376:
2354:(2008-07-05).
2343:
2311:
2285:
2256:
2241:
2227:
2207:
2193:
2166:
2146:
2121:
2101:
2081:
2057:
2033:
2009:
1985:
1961:
1950:Surah An-Nisa
1934:
1922:
1915:
1895:
1888:
1868:
1855:
1842:
1835:
1815:
1808:
1787:
1780:
1757:
1737:
1717:
1697:
1670:
1650:
1625:
1605:
1580:
1561:
1528:
1514:
1494:
1487:
1469:
1462:
1444:
1418:
1397:
1383:
1360:
1346:
1323:
1304:
1279:
1272:
1252:
1232:
1212:
1200:Patricia Ebrey
1185:
1162:
1151:
1139:
1114:
1094:
1073:
1053:
1027:
1020:
1003:
996:
979:
968:
944:
942:
939:
938:
937:
932:
927:
922:
915:
912:
899:
898:Pseudepigrapha
896:
844:
841:
799:Main article:
796:
793:
730:
727:
652:Īsā ibn Maryam
634:Jesus in Islam
629:
626:
591:God the Father
557:Main article:
554:
551:
530:Shoghi Effendi
521:
518:
495:master and god
478:as the son of
472:divus Augustus
205:
202:
198:Nontrinitarian
190:God the Father
172:), the second
80:God the Father
74:depicting the
26:
24:
18:The Son of God
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2939:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:Lord (Kyrios)
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:Bread of Life
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2559:
2547:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2528:
2525:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2488:
2476:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2424:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2400:Hazon Gabriel
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2352:Ethan Bronner
2347:
2344:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2326:Time Magazine
2322:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2275:on 2010-08-19
2274:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2252:Hazon Gabriel
2251:
2245:
2242:
2230:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2211:
2208:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2162:0-19-529770-9
2159:
2155:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2142:0-19-973004-0
2139:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2117:0-7591-0190-6
2114:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2097:1-4051-7019-0
2094:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1836:81-85091-46-3
1832:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1816:
1811:
1809:0-85398-071-3
1805:
1801:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1733:0-415-04229-1
1730:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1713:0-495-57355-8
1710:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1693:1-4051-2943-3
1690:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1646:0-664-22415-6
1643:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:0-415-16631-4
1618:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1603:pages 159–161
1602:
1601:0-415-35488-9
1598:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1571:History Today
1565:
1562:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1419:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1349:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1273:0-904404-79-X
1269:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1248:1-60520-020-4
1245:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1228:0-415-58538-4
1225:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1208:0-547-00534-2
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:0-7007-0439-6
1178:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1159:Matthew 26:63
1155:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1112:pages 571–572
1111:
1110:0-8028-3785-9
1107:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:0-310-30940-9
1087:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1071:pages 240–241
1070:
1069:3-11-018151-7
1066:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:0-89906-269-5
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
999:
997:0-89906-269-5
993:
989:
983:
980:
977:
972:
969:
965:
964:1-4179-7401-X
961:
957:
952:
950:
946:
940:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
913:
911:
909:
905:
897:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
878:
873:
871:
867:
865:
860:
858:
854:
850:
842:
840:
838:
833:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
792:
790:
786:
785:
780:
776:
771:
759:
755:
748:
744:
740:
735:
728:
726:
724:
720:
714:
712:
709:(Arabic for "
708:
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:
680:
676:
672:
666:
657:
653:
649:
643:
642:Shirk (Islam)
639:
635:
627:
625:
623:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
596:
592:
588:
584:
578:
574:
570:
566:
560:
552:
550:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
519:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:
477:
473:
469:
464:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
433:
428:
424:
420:
419:assassination
416:
412:
411:Julius Caesar
404:
399:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
337:
333:
332:Amarna Period
328:
324:
319:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
301:
296:
292:
288:
284:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:Son of Heaven
259:
257:
249:
241:
233:
227:
223:
222:Son of Heaven
219:
215:
214:Imperial cult
211:
203:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
147:
143:
139:
138:New Testament
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
101:
100:son of heaven
97:
93:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:Miniature in
68:
62:
61:Son of Heaven
58:
51:
47:
45:
40:
33:
19:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2748:
2741:
2727:
2717:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2635:
2629:
2622:
2615:Bibliography
2601:. Retrieved
2597:
2588:
2568:
2561:
2549:. Retrieved
2534:
2527:
2515:. Retrieved
2508:the original
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2463:
2441:. Retrieved
2437:the original
2426:
2414:. Retrieved
2399:
2371:
2365:. Retrieved
2359:
2346:
2335:. Retrieved
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711:the gospel
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