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Temperance movement in the United Kingdom

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341: 479: 255: 640: 86: 201: 197:, included a current called "temperance chartism". Faced with the refusal of the parliament of the time to give the right to vote to working people, the temperance chartists saw the campaign against alcohol as a way of proving to the elites that working-class people were responsible enough to be granted the vote. In short, the 1830s was mostly characterised by moral persuasion of workers. 311:. He promoted the treatment of inebriates and held that inebriety was a disease, not a vice, and that it should be treated accordingly. In 1884, in response to the inadequacy of the Habitual Drunkards Act of 1879, he founded the Society for the Study and Cure of Inebriety and was the first president. The society still exists as the 1774:
In the late 19th Century, a number of alcohol-free bars known as temperance bars were established in the UK on the heels of the temperance movement, which advocated abstinence. Fitzpatrick's Temperance Bar, founded in 1890 in Rawtenstall, north of Manchester, is still slinging root beer and glasses
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was formed with the aim of promoting a similar law prohibiting the sale of alcohol in the UK. This hard-line group of prohibitionists was opposed by other temperance organisations who preferred moral persuasion to a legal ban. This division in the ranks limited the effectiveness of the temperance
112:. The bourgeoisie became increasingly critical of the widespread drunkenness among the lower classes. Motivated by the bourgeoisie's desire for order, and amplified by the population growth in the cities, the drinking of gin became the subject of critical national debate. In 1743, 56:
such as poverty, child neglect, immorality and economic decline. Temperance societies began to be formed in the 1830s to campaign against alcohol. Specific groups were created over periods of time dedicated to the different aspects of drinking. For example, in 1847, the
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was another British temperance advocate who financed his philanthropic work with the profits attained from cheese production, following an introduction to the food product by a doctor he had consulted with regards to a serious ailment in 1816. Livesey opened the first
568:, toured the country, to be met with derision, and in Johnson's case, violence. In the end, the example of the failure of prohibition in America put an end to any remote chance that the temperance lobby would succeed in achieving its aims in the UK. 501:
in 1914 at the beginning of the First World War. According to the provisions of the Act, pub hours were licensed, beer was watered down and was subject to a penny a pint extra tax. This situation was maintained by the subsequent establishment of the
579:, but after opposition from local vicars, and the Methodist and Baptist churches, and not least the local police, the local magistrates refused the table licence, setting a precedent for all British motorway service stations, to this day. 394:
championed the cause of temperance. The Wesleyan Methodists built around 100 'Central Halls', large venues which hosted cheap concerts, comedy shows and films, intended to keep the urban working classes away from public houses.
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were aligned with the temperance movement. Methodists believed that despite the supposed economic benefits of liquor traffic such as job creation and taxes, the harm that it caused society through its contribution to murder,
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Before the 19th century, there were diatribes published against drunkenness and excess, but total abstinence from alcohol was very rarely advocated or practised. In the 18th century, there was a "
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took its name from a street that had been renamed Maine Road (from Dog Kennel Lane) by members of the temperance movement. They selected the name as a result of the 1851
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of dandelion and burdock today. (...) The audience isn't just non-drinkers but anyone who wants a fun bar environment without the threat of a hangover the next day.
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was formed as an amalgamation of two other organizations. In 1859, a prototype prohibition bill was overwhelmingly defeated in the House of Commons.
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Churches actively encouraged total abstinence among their congregations, and lobbied parliament to restrict alcohol sales. By the 1870s most young
1871: 470:, based in America. They sent a member named Richard Booth to promote their cause in England through mass meetings held up and down the country. 1718: 1691: 1541: 1429: 1402: 853: 293: 258: 1056: 538: 296:(WCTU) was founded in 1873, becoming one of the largest women's societies in the world in the 19th century, campaigning for temperance and 561: 534: 628:, with the stated aim of "providing drug and alcohol education and training for children and young people, parents and youth workers". 312: 62: 760: 729: 1225: 254: 270: 653: 557: 550: 340: 1735: 869: 494:
By the end of the 19th century, it was estimated that about a tenth of the adult population were total abstainers of alcohol.
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in order to disrupt their meetings. The Salvation Army quickly spread internationally, maintaining an emphasis on abstinence.
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rather than wine and beer. The first organisation that promoted temperance was founded in 1829 by John Dunlop and his aunt,
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Several of the largest temperance organisations survive under different names. For example, the Band of Hope is now named
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was founded in London with a heavy emphasis on abstinence from alcohol and ministering to the working class, which led
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The temperance movement received an unexpected boost due to state intervention when the Liberal government passed the
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Temperance clubs and institutes came into being, one of the largest in the UK, formed in 1864 and still in use, was
120:, proclaimed "that buying, selling, and drinking of liquor, unless absolutely necessary, were evils to be avoided". 1846: 1166: 518: 335: 147: 1816: 61:
was created to persuade children not to start drinking alcohol. Most of these temperance groups were aimed at the
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teachings, was an outspoken critic of the evils of alcohol and closed all the public houses on her estate.
244: 448: 428:(members of the Religious Society of Friends) took an active role in the temperance movement. Chocolatier 1564:
Duncan, Robert (2010). "Lord D'Abernon's "Model Farm": The Central Control Board's Carlisle Experiment".
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was formed by women to persuade men to stop drinking, rebranded in 2006 as the White Ribbon Association.
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Frances Willard and the Historic Link Between the 19th Century Women's Temperance and Suffrage Movements
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advocating temperance. Edgar and other early advocates concentrated their efforts on the elimination of
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which restricted Sunday opening hours had to be repealed, following widespread rioting. In 1856, the
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is apocryphally said to derive from a speech by Richard "Dickie" Turner, a follower of Livesey, in
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See more images from temperance movement in United Kingdom by selecting the "Alcohol" subject
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breweries and pubs in certain areas of Britain where armaments manufacture was taking place.
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were installed to encourage people not to drink beer by the provision of safe and free water.
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movement as a whole. The impotence of legislation in this field was demonstrated when the
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The Political Power of Bad Ideas: Networks, Institutions, and the Global Prohibition Wave
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Alcohol and Moral Regulation: Public Attitudes, Spirited Measures and Victorian Hangovers
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KS3 History by Aaron Wilkes: Industry, Reform & Empire Student Book (1750-1900)
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Dingle, A. E.; Harrison, B. H. (1969). "Cardinal Manning as Temperance Reformer".
1343: 1007:"Temperance and Modernity: Alcohol Consumption as a Collective Problem, 1885–1913" 466:
From 1880 to 1882 the cause of abstinence was revived by the Gospel Temperance or
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largely supported the interests of the alcohol industry and opposed temperance.
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The Routledge Handbook to Nineteenth-Century British Periodicals and Newspapers
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Between the wars, American exponents of the sterling example set to Britain by
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as an alternative to alcoholic beverages. He prohibited the sale of alcohol in
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Hare, Chris (1988). "The Skeleton Army and the Bonfire Boys, Worthing, 1884".
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were seen by social reformers as a danger to society's wellbeing, leading to
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History of Wisbech and Neighborhood, during the last fifty years - 1848-1898
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In 1884 the National Temperance Federation, which was associated with the
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met with local success in parts of Britain, it failed to impose national
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Drink & the Victorians, The Temperance Question in England 1815–1872
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Henry John Ellison: Founder of the Church of England Temperance Society
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Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia
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At the same time, there were temperance organisations connected to the
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Drink and the Victorians: a history of the British Temperance Movement
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Temperance Town, a suburb in Cardiff, Wales, where alcohol was banned
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Band of Hope Banner supporting temperance, located in the village of
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The Garden of American Methodism: The Delmarva Peninsula, 1769-1820
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Blocker, Jack S.; David, M. Fahey; Tyrrell, Ian R., eds. (2003).
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The Church of England Temperance Society, which had roots in the
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In 1838, the mass working class movement for universal suffrage,
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in 1833 and the next year founded the first temperance magazine,
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The early temperance movement was inspired by the actions of
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Mcallister, Annemarie (2016) "Temperance Periodicals". In:
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Department of Special Collections and University Archives
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that campaigned against the recreational use and sale of
1366:"Wales alcohol restrictions: Temperance's long history" 1232:. Spartacus Educational Publishers Ltd. Archived from 1843:
at the Persuasive Cartography, The PJ Mode Collection
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ministers revealed that 1,000 were total abstainers.
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cities, a stricter form of temperance emerged called
1601:"The Scottish Prohibition Party and the Millennium" 366:abstained from alcohol. In 1886 a survey of 1,900 307:One of the most active advocates of temperance was 263:
Scottish Permissive Bill and Temperance Association
1738:. Newsquest (North West) Ltd. Lancashire Telegraph 1283:Prohibition and the Progressive Movement 1900-1920 1261:A Dictionary of Methodism in Britain and Ireland 1200: 1198: 817:"The Glasgow Herald [November 19, 1929]" 277:. One of its trustees was the banker and Quaker 1313:"What happened to the Methodist central halls?" 1042: 1040: 1038: 1036: 322:, was founded as an umbrella organisation. The 168:As a response to rising social problems in the 774: 772: 231:, wine or ardent spirits, except as medicine" 18:The Temperance movement in the United Kingdom 8: 1220: 1218: 1216: 848:. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 35. 690:"Hogarth's London: Gin Lane and Beer Street" 1736:"Rawtenstall: Fitzpatrick's Temperance Bar" 876:. Walton le Dale. 2000–2012. Archived from 796: 794: 792: 790: 1424:. Cambridge University Press. p. 20. 1421:Towns, Plans and Society in Modern Britain 529:on all other issues. It went on to defeat 1862:Temperance movement in the United Kingdom 1710:The Pie at Night: Nights Out in the North 1616: 1024: 34:temperance movement in the United Kingdom 1298:Methodism and the Temperance Reformation 271:Wisbech Working Men's Club and Institute 1099:The National Temperance League's Annual 803:Mrs. Grundy: Studies in English Prudery 680: 265:during its 50 year anniversary in 1908. 1605:International Review of Social History 432:was a temperance Quaker and he viewed 302:British Women's Temperance Association 1713:. Penguin Random House. p. 337. 1707:Maconie, Stuart (10 September 2015). 1566:Social History of Alcohol & Drugs 980:"To the working men of Great Britain" 571:In February 1960 Forte applied for a 7: 1867:Social history of the United Kingdom 1481:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1148:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 102:" in Great Britain, as satirised in 1391:Wilkes, Aaron; Ball, James (2009). 1285:. London: Harvard University Press. 1159:Osborne, Lori (12 September 2015). 1102:. 1881. p. 10, 13, 21, 36, 918 870:"Joseph Livesey: the Walton weaver" 1877:19th century in the United Kingdom 1819:(ca. 1200 items) is housed in the 1672:Thursday 11 February 1960, page 11 1660:Wednesday 10 February 1960, page 9 943:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1973.tb01282.x 823:from the original on 31 March 2017 482:Temperance fountain at the end of 398:In 1864, another Methodist group, 313:Society for the Study of Addiction 294:Woman's Christian Temperance Union 25: 1469:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 1125:. Gardiner & Co. p. 220. 613:. Fitzpatrick's Herbal Health in 549:, which later became part of the 447:tradition was founded in 1862 by 292:The US-based (but international) 44:, and promoted total abstinence ( 1300:. Walden and Stowe. p. 278. 1142:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 1051:. London: Sanctuary Publishing. 745:Williams, William Henry (1984). 654:List of Temperance organizations 638: 551:Communist Party of Great Britain 1311:Moore, Keith (30 August 2012). 1167:National Archives in Washington 1005:Edman, Johan (September 2015). 906:. Oxford University Press. 2012 163:The Preston Temperance Advocate 1872:Temperance movement by country 1757:Eby, Margaret (19 July 2019). 1634:"Prohibition and Reform Party" 1397:. Folens Limited. p. 99. 1077:alliancehousefoundation.org.uk 842:Schrad, Mark Lawrence (2010). 1: 1832:Stanford University Libraries 1734:Anson, John (12 March 2007). 1344:10.1080/0015587X.1988.9716444 1281:Timberlake, James H. (1963). 1110:– via Internet Archive. 986:. 19 December 1840. p. 1 345:Methodist Temperance Magazine 1472:"Temperance Movements"  1452:Sherlock, Frederick (1910). 1139:"Temperance Movements"  547:Prohibition and Reform Party 1759:"The rise of the sober bar" 1599:Walker, William M. (1973). 1073:"Profiles of Organisations" 562:William "Pussyfoot" Johnson 1893: 1847:Cornell University Library 1658:Coventry Evening Telegraph 1183:. White Ribbon Association 519:Scottish Prohibition Party 517:. An example would be the 474:Later movement and decline 336:Christian views on alcohol 333: 249:National Temperance League 148:Lilias Graham of Gairbraid 1618:10.1017/S0020859000004375 1506:10.1017/S0018246X00007251 1012:Journal of Social History 373:In the 19th century, the 259:Archibald Cameron Corbett 234:In 1853, inspired by the 130:Irish Presbyterian Church 27:Social movement in the UK 1255:Vickers, John A. (ed.). 1136:Keating, Joseph (1913). 925:Harrison, Brian (1973). 779:Harrison, Brian (1971). 659:Rothwell Temperance Band 577:Newport Pagnell services 499:Defence of the Realm Act 94:by William Hogarth, 1751 1296:Wheeler, Henry (1882). 1047:Brownlee, Nick (2002). 714:Yeomans, Henry (2014). 504:State Management Scheme 455:was founded in 1873 by 240:United Kingdom Alliance 206:Constantine in Cornwall 69:Churches. Although the 1494:The Historical Journal 1418:Meller, Helen (1997). 874:www.waltonledale.co.uk 491: 355: 309:Dr. Norman Shanks Kerr 266: 208: 95: 1638:Spartacus Educational 1632:Simkin, John (1997). 1478:Catholic Encyclopedia 1230:Spartacus Educational 1145:Catholic Encyclopedia 1121:Gardiner, FJ (1898). 801:Peter, Fryer (1965). 669:Harriet A. Glazebrook 646:United Kingdom portal 539:1922 general election 481: 419:Calvinistic Methodist 343: 257: 245:Sale of Beer Act 1854 203: 116:, the founder of the 88: 1788:"Welcome to HOPE UK" 1684:The Big Book of City 1682:James, Gary (2009). 1578:10.1086/SHAD24020119 1226:"Temperance Society" 589:Manchester City F.C. 558:National Prohibition 545:offshoot called the 527:British Labour Party 488:Temperance fountains 468:Blue Ribbon movement 392:Primitive Methodists 170:newly industrialised 1826:4 June 2008 at the 1536:. Routledge. 2016. 927:"Teetotal Chartism" 904:Oxford Dictionaries 525:, who followed the 453:League of the Cross 388:Wesleyan Methodists 261:, President of the 71:temperance movement 1794:. 21 February 2017 1026:10.1093/jsh/shv029 783:. Faber and Faber. 664:Alcohol and health 605:, originally "Vim 492: 484:Blackfriars Bridge 434:drinking chocolate 400:the Salvation Army 375:Methodist Churches 356: 349:Wesleyan Methodist 324:Conservative Party 267: 209: 118:Methodist Churches 96: 1720:978-0-09-193381-4 1693:978-0-9558127-2-9 1543:978-1-4094-6888-2 1431:978-0-521-57644-4 1404:978-1-85008-346-7 1372:. 4 December 2020 984:Chartist Circular 855:978-0-19974-235-6 688:Sooke, Alastair. 591:football stadium 566:Mary Harris Armor 531:Winston Churchill 330:Religious support 221:alcohol education 139:Belfast Telegraph 16:(Redirected from 1884: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1771: 1769: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1704: 1698: 1697: 1679: 1673: 1667: 1661: 1655: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1535: 1524: 1518: 1517: 1489: 1483: 1482: 1474: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1449: 1443: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1327: 1321: 1320: 1308: 1302: 1301: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1278: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1252: 1246: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1222: 1211: 1210: 1202: 1193: 1192: 1190: 1188: 1177: 1171: 1170: 1156: 1150: 1149: 1141: 1133: 1127: 1126: 1118: 1112: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1094: 1088: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1069: 1063: 1062: 1058:978-186074-422-8 1044: 1031: 1030: 1028: 1002: 996: 995: 993: 991: 976: 970: 969: 967: 965: 937:(193): 193–217. 922: 916: 915: 913: 911: 896: 890: 889: 887: 885: 866: 860: 859: 839: 833: 832: 830: 828: 813: 807: 806: 798: 785: 784: 776: 767: 766: 742: 736: 735: 711: 705: 704: 702: 700: 685: 648: 643: 642: 641: 457:Cardinal Manning 298:women's suffrage 236:Maine liquor law 159:temperance hotel 21: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1882: 1881: 1852: 1851: 1828:Wayback Machine 1813: 1808: 1807: 1797: 1795: 1786: 1785: 1781: 1767: 1765: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1741: 1739: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1721: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1694: 1681: 1680: 1676: 1668: 1664: 1656: 1652: 1642: 1640: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1598: 1597: 1593: 1563: 1562: 1558: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1533: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1491: 1490: 1486: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1405: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1375: 1373: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1280: 1279: 1275: 1265: 1263: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1239: 1237: 1224: 1223: 1214: 1204: 1203: 1196: 1186: 1184: 1179: 1178: 1174: 1158: 1157: 1153: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1120: 1119: 1115: 1105: 1103: 1096: 1095: 1091: 1081: 1079: 1071: 1070: 1066: 1059: 1049:This is Alcohol 1046: 1045: 1034: 1004: 1003: 999: 989: 987: 978: 977: 973: 963: 961: 924: 923: 919: 909: 907: 898: 897: 893: 883: 881: 880:on 9 March 2012 868: 867: 863: 856: 841: 840: 836: 826: 824: 815: 814: 810: 800: 799: 788: 778: 777: 770: 763: 744: 743: 739: 732: 713: 712: 708: 698: 696: 687: 686: 682: 677: 644: 639: 637: 634: 611:temperance bars 585: 515:labour movement 476: 417:, motivated by 351:publication in 338: 332: 283:Lord Lieutenant 238:in the US, the 215:was founded in 126: 104:William Hogarth 83: 38:social movement 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1890: 1888: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1839: 1834: 1812: 1811:External links 1809: 1806: 1805: 1779: 1749: 1726: 1719: 1699: 1692: 1686:. James Ward. 1674: 1662: 1650: 1624: 1591: 1572:(2): 119–140. 1556: 1542: 1519: 1500:(3): 485–510. 1484: 1461: 1444: 1430: 1410: 1403: 1383: 1357: 1338:(2): 221–231. 1322: 1303: 1288: 1273: 1247: 1236:on 20 May 2012 1212: 1209:. p. 542. 1194: 1172: 1151: 1128: 1113: 1089: 1064: 1057: 1032: 997: 971: 917: 891: 861: 854: 834: 808: 805:. Corgi Books. 786: 768: 761: 737: 730: 724:. p. 37. 706: 679: 678: 676: 673: 672: 671: 666: 661: 656: 650: 649: 633: 630: 584: 581: 541:. There was a 506:in 1916 which 475: 472: 461:Roman Catholic 445:Anglo-Catholic 331: 328: 300:. In 1876 the 287:Cambridgeshire 279:Baron Peckover 154:Joseph Livesey 125: 124:Early movement 122: 82: 79: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1889: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1793: 1789: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1764: 1760: 1753: 1750: 1737: 1730: 1727: 1722: 1716: 1712: 1711: 1703: 1700: 1695: 1689: 1685: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1651: 1639: 1635: 1628: 1625: 1619: 1614: 1611:(3): 353–79. 1610: 1606: 1602: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1560: 1557: 1545: 1539: 1532: 1531: 1523: 1520: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1488: 1485: 1480: 1479: 1473: 1465: 1462: 1457: 1456: 1448: 1445: 1433: 1427: 1423: 1422: 1414: 1411: 1406: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1387: 1384: 1371: 1367: 1361: 1358: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1326: 1323: 1318: 1314: 1307: 1304: 1299: 1292: 1289: 1284: 1277: 1274: 1262: 1258: 1251: 1248: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1182: 1181:"Our History" 1176: 1173: 1168: 1164: 1163: 1155: 1152: 1147: 1146: 1140: 1132: 1129: 1124: 1117: 1114: 1101: 1100: 1093: 1090: 1078: 1074: 1068: 1065: 1060: 1054: 1050: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1027: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1001: 998: 985: 981: 975: 972: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 921: 918: 905: 901: 895: 892: 879: 875: 871: 865: 862: 857: 851: 847: 846: 838: 835: 822: 818: 812: 809: 804: 797: 795: 793: 791: 787: 782: 775: 773: 769: 764: 762:9780842022279 758: 754: 750: 749: 741: 738: 733: 731:9781447309932 727: 723: 719: 718: 710: 707: 695: 691: 684: 681: 674: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 651: 647: 636: 631: 629: 627: 622: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 598: 594: 590: 582: 580: 578: 574: 573:table licence 569: 567: 563: 559: 554: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 511: 509: 505: 500: 495: 489: 485: 480: 473: 471: 469: 464: 462: 458: 454: 450: 449:Henry Ellison 446: 441: 439: 435: 431: 427: 422: 420: 416: 415:Lady Llanover 411: 409: 408:Skeleton Army 405: 401: 396: 393: 389: 385: 381: 376: 371: 369: 365: 361: 360:Nonconformist 354: 350: 346: 342: 337: 329: 327: 325: 321: 320:Liberal Party 316: 314: 310: 305: 303: 299: 295: 290: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 264: 260: 256: 252: 250: 246: 241: 237: 232: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 211:In 1847, the 207: 202: 198: 196: 191: 189: 185: 184: 179: 175: 171: 166: 164: 160: 155: 151: 149: 145: 141: 140: 135: 131: 123: 121: 119: 115: 111: 110: 105: 101: 93: 92: 87: 80: 78: 76: 72: 68: 67:Nonconformist 64: 63:working class 60: 55: 54:social issues 51: 47: 43: 39: 35: 30: 19: 1796:. 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Index

The Temperance movement in the United Kingdom
social movement
alcohol
teetotalism
drunkenness
social issues
Band of Hope
working class
Nonconformist
temperance movement
prohibition

Gin Lane
gin craze
William Hogarth
Gin Lane
John Wesley
Methodist Churches
Irish Presbyterian Church
John Edgar
Belfast Telegraph
spirits
Lilias Graham of Gairbraid
Joseph Livesey
temperance hotel
newly industrialised
teetotalism
spirits
teetotal
Preston

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