The Texas Chain Saw Massacre

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was so drenched with stage blood that it was "virtually solid" by the last day of shooting. The scene in which Leatherface dismembers Kirk with a chainsaw worried actor William Vail (Kirk). After telling Vail to stay still lest he really be killed, Hansen brought the running chainsaw to within 3 inches (8 cm) of Vail's face. A real hammer was used for the climactic scene at the end, with some takes also featuring a mock-up. However, the actor playing Grandpa was aiming for the floor rather than his victim's head. Still, the shoot was quite dangerous, with Hooper noting at the wrap party that all cast members had obtained some level of injury. He stated that "everyone hated me by the end of the production" and that "it just took years for them to kind of cool off."

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what we deserved." They signed the contract with Bryanston and, after the investors recouped their money (with interest),—and after Skaaren, the lawyers, and the accountants were paid—only $ 8,100 (about $ 38,900 inflation-adjusted) was left to be divided among the 20 cast and crew members. Eventually the producers sued Bryanston for failing to pay them their full percentage of the box office profits. A court judgment instructed Bryanston to pay the filmmakers $ 500,000 (about $ 2,400,000 inflation-adjusted), but by then the company had declared bankruptcy. In 1983,

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through a second-floor window, and she flees to the gas station. With the man in pursuit, Sally arrives at the gas station when he seems to disappear. The station's proprietor comforts Sally with the offer of help, after which he beats and subdues her, loading her into his pickup truck. The proprietor drives to the other house, and the hitchhiker appears. The proprietor scolds him for his actions at the cemetery, identifying the hitchhiker as the grave robber. As they enter the house, the masked man reappears,

7328: 7312: 7296: 7280: 7263: 7247: 7229: 628:". The "lack of sentimentality and the brutality of things" that Hooper noticed while watching the local news, whose graphic coverage was epitomized by "showing brains spilled all over the road", led to his belief that "man was the real monster here, just wearing a different face, so I put a literal mask on the monster in my film". The idea of using a chainsaw as the murder weapon came to Hooper while he was in the hardware section of a busy store, contemplating how to speed his way through the crowd. 1518: 7804: 699: 1459:" trope—the heroine and inevitable lone survivor who somehow escapes the horror that befalls the other characters: Sally Hardesty is wounded and tortured, yet manages to survive with the help of a male truck driver. Critics argue that even in exploitation films in which the ratio of male and female deaths is roughly equal, the images that linger will be of the violence committed against the female characters. The specific case of 440:

truck accidentally runs over the hitchhiker, killing him. The truck driver attacks Leatherface with a large wrench, causing him to fall and injure his leg with the chainsaw. Sally, covered in blood, flags down a passing pickup truck and climbs into the bed, narrowly escaping Leatherface. As the pickup drives away, Sally laughs hysterically while an enraged Leatherface swings his chainsaw in the road as the sun rises.

7555: 7816: 602:. I saw some news report where Elmer Wayne ... said, "I did these crimes, and I'm gonna stand up and take it like a man." Well, that struck me as interesting, that he had this conventional morality at that point. He wanted it known that, now that he was caught, he would do the right thing. So this kind of moral schizophrenia is something I tried to build into the characters. 7792: 1481:, the lack of explicit violence in the film forces viewers to question their own fascination with violence that they play a central role in imagining. Nonetheless—citing its feverish camera moves, repeated bursts of light, and auditory pandemonium—Stommel asserts that it involves the audience primarily on a sensory rather than an intellectual level. 731:(43 °C) on July 26. Hansen later recalled, "It was 95, 100 degrees every day during filming. They wouldn't wash my costume because they were worried that the laundry might lose it, or that it would change color. They didn't have enough money for a second costume. So I wore that 12 to 16 hours a day, seven days a week, for a month." 1430:'s view, Hooper's presentation of the Sawyer family during the dinner scene parodies a typical American sitcom family: the gas station owner is the bread-winning father figure; the killer Leatherface is depicted as a bourgeois housewife; the hitchhiker acts as the rebellious teenager. Isabel Cristina Pinedo, author of 746:

the farmhouse, which was filled with furniture constructed from animal bones and a latex material used as upholstery to give the appearance of human skin. The house was not cooled, and there was little ventilation. The crew covered its walls with drops of animal blood obtained from a local slaughterhouse.

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thought it was "intelligent" in its "bloodless depiction of violence", while Anton Bitel felt the fact that it was banned in the United Kingdom was a tribute to its artistry. He pointed out how the quiet sense of foreboding at the beginning of the film grows, until the viewer experiences "a punishing

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a "PG" rating due to its minimal amount of visible gore. Instead, it was originally rated "X". After several minutes were cut, it was resubmitted to the MPAA and received an "R" rating. A distributor apparently restored the offending material, and at least one theater presented the full version under

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The special effects were simple and limited by the budget. The on-screen blood was real in some cases, such as the scene in which Leatherface feeds "Grandpa". The crew had difficulty getting the stage blood to come out of its tube, so instead Burns's index finger was cut with a razor. Burns's costume

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mentioned by Franklin. On their way there, they discover another house, surrounded by run-down cars, and run by gas-powered generators. Hoping to barter for gas, Kirk enters the house through the unlocked door, while Pam waits outside. As he searches the house, a large man wearing a mask made of skin

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On August 28, 1974, Louis Peraino of Bryanston agreed to distribute the film worldwide, from which Bozman and Skaaren would receive $ 225,000 (about $ 1,100,000 inflation-adjusted) and 35% of the profits. Years later Bozman stated, "We made a deal with the devil, , and I guess that, in a way, we got

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film that required considerably more light than modern digital cameras and even most filmstocks of the day. This allowed more mobility and cost savings over shooting on the standard theatrical 35mm format of the time, without significant sacrifices to image quality. Most of the filming took place in

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was released in the United States on October 11, 1974. While the film initially received mixed reception from critics, it was highly profitable, grossing over $ 30 million at the domestic box office, equivalent with roughly over $ 150.8 million as of 2019, selling over 16.5 million tickets in 1974.

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provides support for this argument: three men are killed in quick fashion, but one woman is brutally slaughtered—hung on a meathook—and the surviving woman endures physical and mental torture. In 1977, critic Mary Mackey described the meathook scene as probably the most brutal onscreen female death

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Hooper produced the film for less than $ 140,000 ($ 700,000 adjusted for inflation) and used a cast of relatively unknown actors drawn mainly from central Texas, where the film was shot. The limited budget forced Hooper to film for long hours seven days a week, so that he could finish as quickly as

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Hooper and Kim Henkel cowrote the screenplay and formed Vortex, Inc. with Henkel as president and Hooper as vice president. They asked Bill Parsley, a friend of Hooper, to provide funding. Parsley formed a company named MAB, Inc. through which he invested $ 60,000 in the production. In return, MAB

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The next morning, Sally regains consciousness. The men taunt her and bicker with each other, resolving to kill her with a hammer. They try to include Grandpa in the activity, but Grandpa is too weak. Sally breaks free and runs onto a road in front of the house, pursued by the brothers. An oncoming

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With darkness falling, Sally and Franklin set out to find their friends. En route, the masked man ambushes them, killing Franklin with the chainsaw. The man chases Sally into the house, where she finds a very old, seemingly dead man and a woman's rotting corpse. She escapes from the man by jumping

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premiered in Austin, Texas, on October 1, 1974, almost a year after filming concluded. It screened nationally in the United States as a Saturday afternoon matinée and its false marketing as a "true story" helped it attract a broad audience. For eight years after 1976, it was annually reissued to

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they experienced symptoms of depression and anxiety; however, upon subsequent viewing they found the violence against women less offensive and more enjoyable. Another study, investigating gender-specific perceptions of slasher films, involved 30 male and 30 female university students. One male

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in which female protagonists are subjected to brutal, sadistic violence. Stephen Prince comments that the horror is "born of the torment of the young woman subjected to imprisonment and abuse amid decaying arms ... and mobiles made of human bones and teeth." As with many slasher films, it

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Robin Wood characterizes Leatherface and his family as victims of industrial capitalism, their jobs as slaughterhouse workers having been rendered obsolete by technological advances. He states that the picture "brings to focus a spirit of negativity ... that seems to lie not far below the

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Hooper has cited changes in the cultural and political landscape as central influences on the film. His intentional misinformation, that the "film you are about to see is true", was a response to being "lied to by the government about things that were going on all over the world", including

1423:'s theory of taboo and transgression. She elaborates on Wood's analysis, stating that the Sawyer family's values "reflect, or correspond to, established and interdependent American institutions ... but their embodiment of these social units is perverted and transgressive." 769:. Sources differ on the film's final cost, offering figures between $ 93,000 (about $ 447,000 inflation-adjusted) and $ 300,000 (about $ 1,400,000 inflation-adjusted). A film production group, Pie in the Sky, partially led by future President of the Texas State Bar 636:

Ron Bozman told most of the cast and crew that he would have to defer part of their salaries until after it was sold to a distributor. Vortex made the idea more attractive by awarding them a share of its potential profits, ranging from 0.25 to 6%, similar to

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development is now located. The small budget and concerns over high-cost equipment rentals meant the crew filmed seven days a week, up to 16 hours a day. The environment was humid and the cast and crew found conditions tough; temperatures peaked at

424:. The man then starts up a chainsaw, dismembering Kirk as Pam watches. In the evening, Jerry searches for Pam and Kirk. When he enters the other house, he finds Pam's nearly-dead, spasming body in a chest freezer and is killed by the masked man. 1924: 1403:(1963), the American horror film has been defined by the questions it poses "about the fundamental validity of the American civilizing process", concerns amplified during the 1970s by the "delegitimation of authority in the wake of Vietnam and 7968: 420:

appears and murders Kirk with a hammer. When Pam enters the house, she stumbles into a room strewn with decaying remains and furniture made from human and animal bones. She attempts to flee but is caught by the man and impaled on a

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has confirmed that "it's a film about meat" and even gave up meat while making the film, saying, "In a way I thought the heart of the film was about meat; it's about the chain of life and killing sentient beings." Writer-director

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is something far more horrible than aberrant sexuality: total insanity." According to Bill Nichols, it "achieves the force of authentic art, profoundly disturbing, intensely personal, yet at the same time far more than personal".

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Horror and exploitation films almost always turn a profit if they're brought in at the right price. So they provide a good starting place for ambitious would-be filmmakers who can't get more conventional projects off the ground.

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steals several remains from a cemetery near Newt, Muerto County, Texas. The robber ties a rotting corpse and other body parts onto a monument, creating a grisly display that is discovered by a local resident as the sun rises.

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Leatherface has gained a reputation as a significant character in the horror genre, responsible for establishing the use of conventional tools as murder weapons and the image of a large, silent killer devoid of personality.

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praised the film's "subtle touches"—such as radio broadcasts heard in the background describing grisly murders around Texas—and said that what made it so dreadful was that it never strayed too far from potential reality.

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while on their way to visit an old homestead. The film was marketed as being based on true events to attract a wider audience and to act as a subtle commentary on the era's political climate. Although the character of

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an "R". In San Francisco, cinema-goers walked out of theaters in disgust and in February 1976, two theaters in Ottawa, Canada, were advised by local police to withdraw the film lest they face morality charges.

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described it as "the most purely horrifying horror movie ever made" and called it "never less than totally committed to scaring you witless". Reminiscing about his first viewing of the film, horror director

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praised the lead performance of Burns: "Marilyn Burns, as Sally, deserves a special Academy Award for one of the most sustained and believable acting achievements in movie history." Patrick Taggart of the

5757: 6530: 6418: 1434:, states, "The horror genre must keep terror and comedy in tension if it is to successfully tread the thin line that separates it from terrorism and parody ... this delicate balance is struck in 649:

Many of the cast members at the time were relatively unknown actors—Texans who had played roles in commercials, television, and stage shows, as well as performers whom Hooper knew personally, such as

3186: 1633:. In the game, the player assumes the role of Leatherface and attempts to murder trespassers while avoiding obstacles such as fences and cow skulls. As one of the first horror-themed video games, 661:, who had appeared previously on stage and served on the film commission board at UT Austin while studying there. Teri McMinn was a student who worked with local theater companies, including the 7487: 2750: 1089:

reports that 89% of critics gave it a positive review, with an average score of 8.20/10. The site's critical consensus states, "Thanks to a smart script and documentary-style camerawork,

1041:, Scott Von Doviak commended its effective use of daylight shots, unusual among horror films, such as the sight of a corpse draped over a tombstone in the opening sequence. Mike Emery of 6227: 1500:

themes. In a video essay, film critic Rob Ager describes the irony in humans' being slaughtered for meat, putting humans in the position of being slaughtered like farm animals. Director

6313: 6250: 1650:(1986), was considerably more graphic and violent than the original and was banned in Australia for 20 years before it was released on DVD in a revised special edition in October 2006. 795:, arranged for a private screening for some of Bryanston's West Coast executives, and received 1.5% of Vortex's profits and a deferred fee of $ 500 (about $ 2,400 inflation-adjusted). 4474: 897:

in June 1975, the Board denied the film a classification, and similarly refused classification of a 77-minute print in December that year. In 1981, the 83-minute version submitted by

341:. The film faced similar difficulties internationally, being banned in several countries, and numerous theaters stopped showing the film in response to complaints about its violence. 8003: 6497: 1020:

Critics later frequently praised both the film's aesthetic quality and its power. Observing that it managed to be "horrifying without being a bloodbath (you'll see more gore in a

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and as a documentary cameraman. He had already developed a story involving the elements of isolation, the woods, and darkness. He credited the graphic coverage of violence by

4441: 3505: 6591: 2717: 1676:, was released in 1995. While briefly acknowledging the events of the preceding two sequels, its plot makes it a virtual remake of the 1974 original. A straight remake, 1373:

are now transmogrified into yards of dying cattle, abandoned gasoline stations, defiled graveyards, crumbling mansions, and a ramshackle farmhouse of psychotic killers.

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genre, including the use of power tools as murder weapons, the characterization of the killer as a large, hulking, masked figure, and the killing of victims. It led to

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drove around the countryside and collected the remains of cattle and other animals in various stages of decomposition, with which he littered the floors of the house.

5906: 5870: 870:. While the British ban was in force the word "chainsaw" itself was barred from movie titles, forcing imitators to rename their films. In 1998, despite the BBFC ban, 839:

The film which you are about to see is an account of the tragedy which befell a group of five youths, in particular Sally Hardesty and her invalid brother, Franklin.

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a classic that not only introduced a new villain to the horror pantheon but also influenced an entire generation of filmmakers. According to Rebecca Ascher-Walsh of

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provided $ 23,532 (about $ 113,000 inflation-adjusted) in exchange for 19% of Vortex. This left Henkel, Hooper and the rest of the cast and crew with a 40.5% stake.

4936: 6426: 3457: 3431: 3405: 3379: 1702:, was released on January 4, 2013. It is a direct sequel to the original 1974 film, with no relation to the previous sequels, or the 2003 remake. Another prequel, 819:

theaters, promoted by full-page ads. The film eventually grossed more than $ 30 million in the United States and Canada ($ 14.4 million in rentals), making it the

7475: 1130:, David Hogan called it "the most affecting gore thriller of all and, in a broader view, among the most effective horror films ever made ... the driving force of 6540: 4258: 1120:

believes the film paved the way for horror to be used as a vehicle for social commentary. Describing it as "cheap, grubby and out of control", Mark Olsen of the

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began an exploration of a new sense of absurdity in contemporary life, of the collapse of causality and the diseased underbelly of American Gothic", he writes,

338: 330: 6164: 436:". The two brothers bring the old man—"Grandpa"—down the stairs and cut Sally's finger so that Grandpa can suck her blood, Sally then faints from the ordeal. 7404: 6622: 5067: 1664: 1652: 384:

brother Franklin. They stop at the cemetery to check on the grave of Sally and Franklin's grandfather, which appears undisturbed. As the group drives past a

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possible and reduce equipment rental costs. Due to the film's violent content, Hooper struggled to find a distributor, but it was eventually acquired by the

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is widely considered one of the greatest—and most controversial—horror films of all time and a major influence on the genre. In 1999, Richard Zoglin of

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we couldn't get the blood out of the tube onto the knife edge and so after the fourth or fifth take... I turned away from everybody... and just cut her

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poll, it was again selected as the greatest horror film; the judging panel included veteran horror directors such as John Carpenter, Wes Craven, and

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in any commercially distributed film. She placed it in a lineage of violent films that depict women as weak and incapable of protecting themselves.

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said it was "as violent and gruesome and blood-soaked as the title promises", yet praised its acting and technical execution. Donald B. Berrigan of

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caused controversy when it was first released due to its violent nature; it sold poorly as a result, because many game stores refused to stock it.

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Nolan, Justin M.; Ryan, Gery W. (2000). "Fear and Loathing at the Cineplex: Gender Differences in Descriptions and Perceptions of Slasher Films".

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Hooper's apocalyptic landscape is ... a desert wasteland of dissolution where once vibrant myth is desiccated. The ideas and iconography of

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surface of the modern collective consciousness". Naomi Merritt explores the film's representation of "cannibalistic capitalism" in relation to

1003: 905:, including Brazil, Chile, Finland, France, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Singapore, Sweden and West Germany. In Sweden, it would also symbolize a 6260: 3847: 934:

called it "despicable" and described Henkel and Hooper as more concerned with creating a realistic atmosphere than with its "plastic script".

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in which the decaying corpse of Grandpa not only incorporates horrific and humorous effects, but actually uses one to exacerbate the other."

671:. For her last call-back he requested that she wear short shorts, which proved to be the most comfortable of all the cast members' costumes. 901:

was again refused registration. It was later submitted by Filmways Australasian Distributors and approved for an "R" rating in 1984. It was

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had long since refused a certification for the uncut theatrical version and in 1984 they also refused to certify it for home video, amid a

1552: 1525: 863: 408:. The group forces him out of the van, where he smears blood on the side as they drive off. Low on gas, the group stops at a station whose 4002: 1415:"carries this exploration to a logical conclusion, addressing many of the issues of Hitchcock's film while refusing comforting closure". 7888: 7883: 7448: 6507: 4834: 3118: 2451: 1722: 7953: 7858: 6917: 1958: 6648: 7973: 7853: 5837: 2940: 2580: 2473: 1749: 349: 4830: 4451: 4134: 7918: 7639: 6758: 3732: 3316: 3284: 641:. The cast and crew were not informed that Vortex owned only 50%, which meant their points were worth half of the assumed value. 6599: 2986: 2655: 2418: 1346:

houses the Texas Chain Saw Massacre Collection, which contains over fifty items, including many original elements for the film.

7898: 7873: 6422: 4295: 3375: 1189: 890: 723: 707: 573: 6194: 2015: 1656:(1990) was the second sequel to appear, though Hooper did not return to direct due to scheduling conflicts with another film, 7998: 7958: 7671: 5044: 3878: 1920: 1744: 1739: 782: 326: 195: 137: 6076: 4802: 3642: 6674: 6131: 6099: 5125: 5099: 4871: 432:. The proprietor identifies the masked man and the hitchhiker as brothers, and the hitchhiker refers to the masked man as " 7923: 7843: 7687: 7679: 7397: 7100: 4904: 2356: 1658: 1646: 1467:

In one study, a group of men were shown five films depicting differing levels of violence against women. On first viewing

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picture of the group, for which he demands money. When they refuse to pay, he burns the photo and attacks Franklin with a

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that continued the story of Leatherface and his family through sequels, prequels, a remake, comic books, and video games.

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restoration, supervised by Hooper, using the original 16mm A/B reversal rolls, was carried out. After a screening in the

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2013 list of the greatest horror films of all time. It was also voted the scariest movie of all time in a 2017 list by

1007:) of films that are really a lot better than the genre requires. Not, however, that you'd necessarily enjoy seeing it. 657:. Involvement in the film propelled some of them into the motion picture industry. The lead role of Sally was given to 7938: 6706: 4268: 1540: 1289:

ranked it number 14 on its list of the top 25 horror films. It was also voted the greatest horror film of all time in

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motel "look positively pleasant by comparison". Revisiting the film in his 1976 article "Fashions in Pornography" for

845:— The opening crawl falsely suggests that the film is based on true events, a conceit that contributed to its success. 6172: 5282: 5195: 5458: 5077: 4685: 2610: 1629:

established itself as a success on US home video, Wizard Video released a mass-market video game adaptation for the

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and having never learned to speak properly. To research his character in preparation for his role, Hansen visited a

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The film was released in 2021 in Australia and 2024 in Russia, grossing $ 36,879 at the international box office.

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in 1990, with director Hooper accepting the award, and it is part of the permanent collection of New York City's

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declared that it "both defines and entirely supersedes the very notion of the exploitation picture". In his book

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of Filmcritic.com said, "In our collective consciousness, Leatherface and his chainsaw have become as iconic as

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crazoid" could have created such a thing. It is a work of "cataclysmic terror", in the words of horror novelist

5538: 2741:"SXSW 2014 Interview: THE TEXAS CHAIN SAW MASSACRE Director Tobe Hooper Talks His Legacy of Unspeakable Horror" 1831: 1447: 997: 959: 823:

initially released in 1974, despite its minuscule budget. Among independent films, it was overtaken in 1978 by

7963: 7695: 2708:"SXSW: Tobe Hooper On Why Audiences Get 'Texas Chain Saw Massacre' Better Now Than When It Was First Released" 2514: 5939: 5410: 4320: 3550: 3270: 850:

Hooper reportedly hoped that the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) would give the complete, uncut

7903: 7655: 7440: 6967:"Cannibalistic Capitalism and other American Delicacies: A Bataillean Taste of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" 6015: 5730: 1861: 1704: 1603: 1237: 1074:, who declared, "I would happily testify to its redeeming social merit in any court in the country." Critic 946: 679: 633: 412:

says that no fuel is available. The group explores a nearby abandoned house, owned by the Hardesty family.

8008: 7539: 7522: 6903: 6884: 6314:"'The Texas Chain Saw Massacre' 50th Anniversary 4K Collector's Set Includes the Original Classic on VHS!" 6282: 5256: 4746: 4357: 3909: 2193: 2095: 1223: 5147: 3248: 2452:"John Larroquette was paid in marijuana to narrate 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre,' talks 'Night Court' reboot" 7735: 7727: 7323: 6778: 1866: 1776: 1362: 1217: 1171: 829: 791: 778: 662: 5260: 4594: 3944: 2890: 803:

acquired the distribution rights from Bryanston and gave the producers a larger share of the profits.

7808: 7751: 7703: 7579: 7533: 6107: 4876: 4657: 4197: 3939: 2885: 2478: 1967: 1775:, per the film's opening credits. This is also the title under which the film is registered with the 1343: 1333: 1312: 1241: 1234: 1165: 1043: 981: 969:

found the picture to be well-made, despite what it called the "heavy doses of gore". John McCarty of

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The production exceeded its original $ 60,000 (about $ 288,000 adjusted for inflation) budget during

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While the original theatrical release poster and many references to the film render its title as

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participant described the screaming, especially Sally's, as the "most freaky thing" in the film.

1393: 1318: 1300: 965: 595: 567: 497: 7286: 6966: 4779: 4104: 3825: 1669: 1614:' US 40th Anniversary Edition was nominated for Best DVD/BD Special Edition Release at the 2015 4540: 4532: 4012: 3076: 3070: 7767: 7433: 7274: 7174: 7139: 7120: 7085: 7066: 7047: 7024: 7005: 6988: 6951: 6932: 6913: 6888: 6865: 6843: 6824: 6800: 6783: 6743: 6595: 6473: 6398: 6373: 6346: 6223: 6048: 5992: 5807: 5698: 5659: 5630: 5601: 5570: 5542: 5515: 5437: 5360: 5226: 5009: 4977: 4774: 4717: 4690: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4569: 4544: 4511: 4420: 4386: 4361: 4325: 4299: 4171: 4058: 4054: 4007: 3971: 3913: 3820: 3794: 3771: 3675: 3671: 3665: 3637: 3610: 3351: 3217: 3102: 3080: 3027: 3023: 3017: 2835: 2799: 2388: 2295: 2272: 2197: 2144: 2099: 1836: 1698: 1539:

has appeared on various home video formats. In the US, it was first released on videotape and

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Williams, Tony (December 1977). "American Cinema in the '70s: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre".

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in October 1998 in the United States, May 2000 in the United Kingdom and 2001 in Australia.

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credited it as an early influence on his career. Horror filmmaker and heavy metal musician

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achieves start-to-finish suspense, making it a classic in low-budget exploitation cinema."

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Roger Ebert's Movie Home Companion: Full-Length Reviews of Twenty Years of Movies on Video

3578: 3500: 3289: 2945: 2230: 2143:. Vol. 17, no. 9. Austin, Texas: Genesis Park, LP. September 1989. p. 185. 1717: 1713: 1687: 1370: 1117: 1106: 1086: 971: 800: 750: 738: 718:

The primary filming location was an early 1900s farmhouse located on Quick Hill Road near

621: 464: 401: 293: 109: 2950: 2584: 2483: 396:, who talks about his family who worked at the old slaughterhouse. He borrows Franklin's 7327: 7311: 7295: 7262: 7246: 7228: 4838: 557:

news outlets as one inspiration for the film and based elements of the plot on murderer

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in 1999, the board passed the film uncut for theatrical and video distribution with an

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The Business of Chain Saw: Interview with Ron Bozman from The Texas Chain Saw Massacre

2234:. Vol. 16, no. 4/5. New York City: Fourth Castle Micromedia. pp. 28–44. 1078:

found it one of the few horror films to possess "the authentic quality of nightmare".

7832: 7234: 6763: 6737: 5819: 4047: 2994: 2663: 2616: 2428: 2423: 2383: 2351: 2267: 2262: 2139: 1599: 1587: 1548: 1497: 1208: 1140: 1067: 1021: 898: 851: 816: 683: 675: 658: 488: 449: 416: 369: 305: 289: 124: 104: 2023: 690:

performed the narration in the opening credits, for which he was paid in marijuana.

665:. Henkel called McMinn to come in for a reading after he spotted her picture in the 7820: 7647: 6369: 6255: 6204: 5072: 3243: 2914: 2912:

Aronzyk, Melissa (October 12, 2003). "A New Texas Chainsaw to Fire Up Blood Lust".

2474:"The Killing Fields: A culinary history of 'The Texas Chainsaw Massacre' farmhouse" 2228:

Farley, Ellen; Knoedelseder, William Jr. (October 1986). "The Chainsaw Massacres".

1615: 1564: 1544: 1285: 1203: 1198: 1136: 1071: 976: 867: 820: 766: 747: 429: 353: 6623:"Texas Chainsaw Massacre review – it's Leatherface vs gentrifiers in nasty sequel" 6562: 5498:

Weaver, James B. III (Summer 1991). "Are Slasher Horror Films Sexually Violent?".

3882: 2271:. Vol. 13, no. 5. Austin, Texas: Genesis Park, LP. pp. 163–4, 206. 1258:

poll, it was selected as the greatest horror film of all time. It was named among

858:

After its initial British release, including a one-year theatrical run in London,

6840:

Lost Illusions: American Cinema in the Shadow of Watergate and Vietnam, 1970–1979

5962:"Director Guillermo del Toro Became a Vegetarian Because of a Slasher Film - TMZ" 1917:"The Texas chain saw massacre : prev. entitled Headcheese & Leatherface" 1891: 1377: ... recognizable as a statement about the dead end of American experience. 7796: 7631: 7603: 7571: 7495: 6141: 4881: 3628: 3555: 1560: 1556: 1501: 1275:

also ranked it 46th in its list of the 50 greatest independent films. In a 2010

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Shea, Tom (February 28, 1983). "Horror films' themes reappear in video games".

5533:

Prince, Stephen (2004). "Postmodern Elements of the Contemporary Horror Film".

4914: 678:

was selected for the role of Leatherface. He regarded Leatherface as having an

7341: 7291: 6948:

Chainsaws, Slackers, and Spy Kids: Thirty Years of Filmmaking in Austin, Texas

6502: 5961: 5803: 5511: 5402: 5040: 4909: 4662: 1630: 1493: 1456: 1427: 1366: 1254: 1212: 1063: 742: 728: 654: 608: 599: 482: 476: 393: 381: 301: 297: 285: 119: 114: 77: 7317: 6992: 6787: 6350: 5996: 5811: 5519: 3348:

Trash or Treasure?: Censorship and the Changing Meanings of the Video Nasties

2392: 2276: 2148: 2003:(DVD). Dark Sky Films. Event occurs at 00:00:58–00:01:14; 00:01:38–00:02:00. 1252:

ranked the film sixth on its 2003 list of "The Top 50 Cult Films". In a 2005

4263: 3605: 2712: 1591: 1576: 1306: 1177: 1112: 985:, Stephen Koch found its sadistic violence to be extreme and unimaginative. 883: 562: 421: 6983: 6905:

Chain Saw Confidential: How We Made the World's Most Notorious Horror Movie

5473: 4415:. Vol. 1 (reprint ed.). University of California Press. p. 3968:

Nightmare on Main Street: Angels, Sadomasochism, and the Culture of Gothic

7505: 7224: 6535: 6199: 2659: 2621: 1336:. In 2012, the film was named by critics in the British Film Institute's 1052: 1032: 329:. Hooper limited the quantity of onscreen gore in hopes of securing a PG 7333: 7268: 7218: 7213: 1720:, simultaneously, in North America on October 20, 2017. Another sequel, 6739:

Contemporary North American Film Directors: A Wallflower Critical Guide

3775: 2387:. Vol. 2, no. 3. Austin, Texas: Genesis Park, LP. p. 9. 1727: 1709: 1595: 1245: 1085:

Based on 70 reviews published since 2000, the review aggregate website

928:

received a mixed reaction upon its initial release. Linda Gross of the

591: 590:

I definitely studied Gein ... but I also noticed a murder case in

558: 318: 6707:"Texas Chainsaw Massacre review: Is Netflix's horror sequel any good?" 6220:"Full Details, 4K Stills for Restored 'The Texas Chain Saw Massacre'!" 4982: 3189:. British Board of Film Classification. March 12, 1975. Archived from 1051:

It has often been described as one of the scariest films of all time.

7969:

Films originally rejected by the British Board of Film Classification

3100:

Murphy, Mary (November 20, 1974). "The Perils of a 'Chainsaw' star".

2092:

The Psycho File: A Comprehensive Guide to Hitchcock's classic shocker

1618:. In 2024, for the film's 50th anniversary, the film was released to 1446:

The underlying themes of the film have been the subject of extensive

1310:. It was also voted the scariest movie of all time in a 2018 list by 1265:

s top 25 horror films in 2007. In 2008 the film ranked number 199 on

957:

hailed it as the most important horror film since George A. Romero's

308:. The plot follows a group of friends who fall victim to a family of 7082:

Recycled Culture in Contemporary Art and Film: The Uses of Nostalgia

5758:"The Effects of Multiple Exposures to Filmed Violence Against Women" 4510:(revised, illustrated ed.). Simon & Schuster. p. 232. 4383:

Horror Films: Current Research on Audience Preferences and Reactions

3404:. Australian Classification Board. December 12, 1975. Archived from 1644:

to date, including sequels, prequels and remakes. The first sequel,

1579:

in the United States in November 1993. It was initially released on

1139:

praised the film as "an exquisite work of art" and compared it to a

866:(BBFC) Secretary Stephen Murphy, and subsequently by his successor, 376:

Driving in a van, five teenagers take a road trip through the area:

6776:

Bowen, John W. (November 2004). "Return of the Power Tool Killer".

5434:

Recreational Terror: Women and the Pleasures of Horror Film Viewing

3072:

Freedom and Entertainment: Rating the Movies in an Age of New Media

1432:

Recreational Terror: Women and the Pleasures of Horror Film Viewing

5005:"The 50 Greatest Independent Films - The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" 3456:. Australian Classification Board. January 1, 1984. Archived from 3350:(illustrated ed.). Manchester University Press. p. 243. 1516: 697: 7021:

Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, 1978–1986

6498:"No Texas, No Chainsaw, No Massacre: The True Links in the Chain" 5897:"The Ultimate Pro-Vegetarian Film Is the Last Movie You'd Expect" 5871:"The Ultimate Pro-Vegetarian Film Is the Last Movie You'd Expect" 5068:"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: No 14 best horror film of all time" 1832:"Marilyn Burns dies at 65; starred in 'Texas Chain Saw Massacre'" 1116:

listed it as one of the 50 most controversial films of all time.

415:

Kirk and Pam leave the others behind, planning to visit a nearby

352:. It is credited with originating several elements common in the 5697:(2, illustrated ed.). Transaction Publishers. p. 349. 317:

and minor story details were inspired by the crimes of murderer

7575: 7345: 5569:(illustrated ed.). University of Texas Press. p. 82. 4292:

Abject Terrors: Surveying the Modern and Postmodern Horror Film

3430:. Australian Classification Board. July 1, 1981. Archived from 3019:

Making Movies: The Inside Guide to Independent Movie Production

874:

granted the film a license. The following year the BBFC passed

30:

This article is about the 1974 film. For subsequent films, see

6592:"We Have the Official 'Leatherface' Release Date! (Exclusive)" 6290: 6168: 6136: 6010:

American Film Institute; Arthur M. Sackler Foundation (1983).

2510: 2190:

Slasher Films: An International Filmography, 1960 through 2001

2019: 1886: 1884: 1580: 1316:

and voted the best horror movie of all time in a 2018 list by

1304:

and voted the best horror movie of all time in a 2017 list by

1215:

sees it as a major influence on his work, including his films

1110:

commented that it had "set a new standard for slasher films".

577:(1991). During development, Hooper used the working titles of 7117:

Screen Memories: Hollywood Cinema on the Psychoanalytic Couch

4803:"11 Things You Didn't Know About The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" 1450:; critics and scholars have interpreted it as a paradigmatic 889:

When the 83-minute version of the film was submitted to the

7002:

Eaten Alive at a Chainsaw Massacre: The Films of Tobe Hooper

6675:"Review: From hippies to hipsters, 'Texas Chainsaw' is back" 5695:

Commercial Culture: The Media System and the Public Interest

6820:

Men, Women, and Chainsaws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film

1712:

on September 21, 2017, before receiving a wider release on

594:

at the time, a serial murderer you probably remember named

6047:(illustrated ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 90. 5037:"Future's Total Film reveals "Greatest Horror Movie Ever"" 2177:(DVD). Dark Sky Films. Event occurs at 00:01:16–00:03:19. 2126:(DVD). Dark Sky Films. Event occurs at 00:01:00–00:01:22. 1271:

magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time".

1030:

called it "a backwoods masterpiece of fear and loathing".

7038:

Sharrett, Christopher (2004). "The Idea of Apocalypse in

6531:"Date shifts for Sinister and Texas Chainsaw Massacre 3D" 6283:"The Academy of Science Fiction Fantasy and Horror Films" 4193:"Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The template for modern horror" 7042:". In Grant, Barry Keith; Sharrett, Christopher (eds.). 3216:(illustrated ed.). The Ilex Press Ltd. p. 22. 2864:(DVD). Dark Sky Films. Event occurs at 0:11:40–0:16:25. 2796:

Skin Shows: Gothic Horror and the Technology of Monsters

1201:

cited Hooper's film as an inspiration for his 1979 film

6862:

The Naked and the Undead: Evil and the Appeal of Horror

3285:"Entertainment: Texas Chainsaw Massacre released uncut" 2347:"Teri McMinn Talks Meathooks, Chainsaws, and Massacres" 1610:, this was also released on DVD and Blu-ray worldwide. 388:, Franklin recounts the Hardesty family's history with 3764:

McCarty, John (1975). "The Texas Chain Saw Massacre".

3163:. British Board of Film Classification. Archived from 2941:"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974) - Box Office Mojo" 2611:"First 'Chain Saw' madman remains fond of grisly role" 1971:. Austin, Texas: Austin Chronicle Corp. Archived from 1594:

A/B rolls, which was subsequently released on DVD and

1509:

became a vegetarian for a time after seeing the film.

7780: 4622:(illustrated ed.). Krause Publications. p. 2689:(DVD). Second Sight Films. Event occurs at 1:08:17. 2540:(DVD). Second Sight Films. Event occurs at 0:04:20. 1082:

called it "one of the few perfect movies ever made."

1055:

called it the most terrifying film he had ever seen.

686:

school and watched how the students moved and spoke.

6287:

Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films

3791:

Perverse Spectators: The Practices of Film Reception

3144: 3142: 2381:

West, Richard (March 1974). "Scariest Movie Ever?".

2054: 2052: 1187:

horror franchises. Wes Craven crafted his 1977 film

975:

stated that the house featured in the film made the

7514: 7486: 7459: 7381: 7101:"Access and Excess in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" 5567:

The Dread of Difference: Gender and the Horror Film

3579:"Техасская резня бензопилой, кинопрокат – ИНОЕКИНО" 2070: 2068: 2066: 258: 250: 242: 234: 224: 201: 191: 177: 160: 143: 133: 97: 89: 70: 60: 43: 7165:Projected Fears: Horror Films and American Culture 7162: 6673: 6649:"Netflix's 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre': Film Review" 6345:. Vol. 5, no. 9. InfoWorld Media Group. 6251:"Cannes Directors' Fortnight 2014 lineup unveiled" 6069:"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre rated 18 by the BBFC" 4973:"Empire: The Greatest Films of All Time (200–101)" 4442:"Eek! Now There's A Hall Of Fame For Horror Films" 4046: 6195:"RIP Paul Partain; new CHAINSAW & HENRY DVDs" 6132:"Double Dip Digest: The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" 4770:"Aja reflects on Mirrors, his life as a director" 4226:"Cinema: The Predecessors: They Came from Beyond" 2290:Wood, Robin (1986). "5: The American Nightmare". 1994: 1992: 1990: 1622:and re-released to VHS in a collector's edition. 549:was working as an assistant film director at the 6397:(illustrated ed.). MIT Press. p. 128. 6395:Racing the Beam: The Atari Video Computer System 5831: 5829: 5593:Panic: Origins, Insight, and Treatment: Issue 63 4739:"Alien Revisted: An Interview with Ridley Scott" 4686:"40 Years Later and 'The Hills Still Have Eyes'" 4170:(illustrated ed.). Headpress. p. 374. 3906:Hick Flicks: The Rise and Fall of Redneck Cinema 3733:"Variety Reviews - The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" 2467: 2465: 1244:. In 1976, it won the Special Jury Prize at the 1039:Hick Flicks: The Rise and Fall of Redneck Cinema 6419:"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 – SE Film (DVD)" 5225:(illustrated ed.). Batsford. p. 109. 4381:Weaver, James B.; Tamborini, Ronald C. (1996). 4168:See No Evil: Banned Films and Video Controversy 2427:. Chicago, Illinois: Onion, Inc. Archived from 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 1359: 1342:magazine as one of the 250 greatest films. The 988: 836: 789:, who would later produce the 1982 horror film 598:. He was a young man who recruited victims for 588: 348:It has since gained a reputation as one of the 7084:. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 5991:. Vol. 94, no. 7. 1982. p. 48. 5500:Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 3623: 3621: 3187:"Texas Chainsaw Massacre Rejected by the BBFC" 1571:, almost 25 years after the original release. 1387:Critic Christopher Sharrett argues that since 8004:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (franchise) films 7587: 7357: 5459:"An Introduction to the American Horror Film" 4537:One Hundred Violent Films that Changed Cinema 3816:"Films love to show off tawdry side of Texas" 2687:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre audio commentary 2563: 2561: 2538:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre audio commentary 2075:Gregory, David (Director and Writer) (2000). 8: 7405:Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III 6782:. No. 42. Marrs Media. pp. 16–22. 6028:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5688: 5686: 5590:Schmidt, Leonard J.; Warner, Brooke (2002). 4566:The Material Image: Art and the Real in Film 3481:Parliamentary Debates, Senate Weekly Hansard 2701: 2699: 1665:Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation 1653:Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III 1590:scan and full restoration from the original 7979:Films about disability in the United States 7044:Planks of Reason: Essays on the Horror Film 6336: 6334: 5716: 5714: 5560: 5558: 5100:"The 100 Greatest Horror Films of All Time" 4385:. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 36. 2077:Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Shocking Truth 781:, helped secure the distribution deal with 624:, and "the massacres and atrocities in the 565:; Gein inspired other horror films such as 7594: 7580: 7572: 7427:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning 7364: 7350: 7342: 7326: 7310: 7294: 7278: 7261: 7245: 7227: 4647:Ascher-Walsh, Rebecca (November 3, 2000). 4568:. Stanford University Press. p. 180. 4506:Schechter, Harold; Everitt, David (2006). 4354:Dark Romance: Sexuality in the Horror Film 3161:"Case Study: The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" 2819: 2817: 2815: 1693:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning 1128:Dark Romance: Sexuality in the Horror Film 903:banned for periods in many other countries 49: 40: 7412:The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre 6982: 5785: 5783: 4508:The A to Z Encyclopedia of Serial Killers 3695:Berrigan, Donald B. (November 17, 1974). 3454:"The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (Review 4)" 3428:"The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (Review 3)" 3402:"The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (Review 2)" 3372:"The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (Review 1)" 2860:Bozman, Ron (Production manager) (2008). 2604: 2602: 2542:it was 110 degrees or whatever in the sun 2294:. Columbia University Press. p. 80. 2257: 2255: 2243: 2241: 2117: 2115: 1957:Baumgarten, Marjorie (October 27, 2000). 1856: 1854: 1563:". After the retirement of BBFC Director 368:In the early hours of August 18, 1973, a 6795:Chibnall, Steve; Petley, Julian (2002). 6736:Allon, Yoram; Patterson, Hannah (2002). 5650:Wells, Alan; Hakanen, Ernest A. (1997). 4737:Biodrowski, Steve (September 20, 2008). 3970:. Harvard University Press. p. 22. 3614:. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com. 2507:"The calm, peaceful life of Leatherface" 1492:has been described as "the ultimate pro- 1159:and his hockey mask." Don Sumner called 1143:, noting the lack of onscreen violence. 7787: 6529:Zimmerman, Samuel (February 27, 2012). 6249:Goodfewllow, Melanie (April 22, 2014). 5148:"The 50 Best Horror Movies of All Time" 4589:Null, Christopher (November 22, 2003). 4129: 4127: 4003:"Review of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" 3770:. Vol. 4, no. 3. p. 36. 2970: 2968: 2265:(May 1985). "A Date with Leatherface". 1791: 1760: 1690:in 2003. It was followed by a prequel, 882:, and it was broadcast a year later on 741:16mm camera with fine-grain, low-speed 632:owned 50% of the film and its profits. 280:produced, co-composed, and directed by 32:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (franchise) 6929:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre Companion 6491: 6489: 6465:Leonard Maltin's Movie and Video Guide 6100:"Letterbox Format's Popularity Widens" 6021: 5968:from the original on December 11, 2021 4801:Wood, Jennifer M. (October 21, 2014). 4166:Kerekes, David; Slater, David (2000). 3549:Johansson, Annika (October 22, 2003). 3239:"Explained: Film censorship in the UK" 3119:"Mordbid 'Massacre' pulled off screen" 3075:. Cambridge University Press. p. 2798:. Duke University Press. p. 148. 2654:Weinstein, Farrah (October 15, 2003). 2376: 2374: 862:was initially banned on the advice of 400:and cuts himself, then takes a single 350:best and most influential horror films 6496:Maçek, J. C. III (February 5, 2013). 5283:"Texas Chain Saw Massacre Collection" 5170:"The 100 Scariest Movies of All Time" 5066:Heritage, Stuart (October 22, 2010). 4591:"The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974)" 4257:McIntosh, Lindsay (August 19, 2006). 3814:Westbrook, Bruce (January 19, 1992). 3670:. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 3317:"Screen 'video nasty' hits Channel 4" 3212:Morgan, Diannah; Gaskell, Ed (2004). 1862:"The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974)" 335:Motion Picture Association of America 7: 7949:Films with screenplays by Kim Henkel 6881:The Moviegoing Experience, 1968–2001 6393:Montfort, Nick; Bogost, Ian (2009). 6312:Squires, John (September 17, 2024). 6165:"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974)" 6073:British Board of Film Classification 5196:"The 50 Scariest Movies of All Time" 5126:"The 50 Scariest Movies of All Time" 5043:. September 29, 2010. Archived from 4829:Spencer, Megan (November 25, 2003). 4105:"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974)" 3496:"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974)" 3483:. Australian Authority. p. 776. 2987:"Halloween (1978) - Box Office Mojo" 2581:"Bone of My Bone, Flesh of My Flesh" 1809:British Board of Film Classification 1640:The film has been followed by eight 1553:British Board of Film Classification 561:, who committed his crimes in 1950s 6705:Sandwell, Ian (February 18, 2022). 6647:Scheck, Frank (February 18, 2022). 6621:Lee, Benjamin (February 18, 2022). 6230:from the original on April 22, 2017 6130:Gilchrist, Todd (October 5, 2006). 6098:McGowan, Chris (November 6, 1993). 5756:; Penrod, Steven (September 1984). 5128:. Complex Magazine. October 7, 2017 4475:"The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (18)" 4473:Morris, Sophie (October 31, 2008). 4333:from the original on March 10, 2012 4224:Zoglin, Richard (August 16, 1999). 4191:Gleiberman, Owen (August 6, 2009). 3214:Creative titling with Final Cut Pro 8019:English-language independent films 7984:Films about violence against women 7108:Movie: A Journal of Film Criticism 6842:. University of California Press. 6686:from the original on June 20, 2022 5987:"Video Cassette: Top 25 Rentals". 5895:Wickman, Forrest (July 30, 2013). 5869:Wickman, Forrest (July 30, 2013). 5774:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1984.tb02180.x 4949:. October 29, 2007. Archived from 4903:Graham, Jamie (October 10, 2005). 4768:Dicker, Ron (September 15, 2008). 3741:. November 6, 1974. Archived from 3606:"'Texas Massacre' Grovels in Gore" 3323:. October 16, 2000. Archived from 3117:Henry, Sarah (February 12, 1976). 2875:Savlov, Marc (February 11, 1998). 2609:Triplett, Gene (October 6, 2006). 2450:Wright, Tracy (January 16, 2023). 1169:, it laid the foundations for the 995:belongs in a select company (with 25: 18:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (film) 5223:A-Z of cult films and film-makers 4716:. Pocket Essentials. p. 37. 4143:. October 9, 2005. Archived from 4135:"Texas Massacre tops horror poll" 3604:Gross, Linda (October 30, 1974). 2706:Smith, Nigel M (March 14, 2014). 2016:"BBC Crime Case Closed – Ed Gein" 1750:List of films considered the best 1066:recalled wondering "what kind of 909:, a discussed topic at the time. 321:, its plot is largely fictional. 7909:Cross-dressing in American films 7814: 7802: 7790: 7554: 7553: 7063:The Horror Film: An Introduction 5928:Waddell, Calum (November 2010). 5836:Stommel, Jesse (February 2011). 5596:. North Atlantic Books. p. 5432:Pinedo, Isabel Cristina (1997). 5409:. Film Reference. Archived from 4593:. FilmCritic.com. Archived from 4412:Movies and Methods: An Anthology 3933:Emery, Mike (November 2, 1998). 3494:Davis, Laura (October 5, 2010). 3293:. March 16, 1999. Archived from 2292:Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan 2122:Hooper, Tobe (Director) (2008). 2079:(Documentary). Blue Underground. 1830:David, Colker (August 8, 2014). 380:, Jerry, Pam, Kirk, and Sally's 7989:Obscenity controversies in film 7337:: A Visit to the Film Locations 6447: 6423:Australian Classification Board 6203:. March 2, 2005. Archived from 6163:Coates, Tom (October 2, 2001). 5343: 5332: 5321: 5310: 5299: 4859: 4684:Paul, Zachary (July 22, 2017). 4440:Jicha, Tom (October 31, 1991). 3526: 3376:Australian Classification Board 3237:Clarke, Sean (March 13, 2002). 3057: 2771: 2685:Hansen, Gunnar (Actor) (2008). 2656:"'Chainsaw' Cuts Up the Screen" 2642: 2553: 2536:Hansen, Gunnar (Actor) (2008). 2405: 2355:. June 24, 2009. Archived from 2323: 1246:Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival 1024:film)", Bruce Westbrook of the 1012:— Roger Ebert, writing for the 899:Greater Union Film Distributors 891:Australian Classification Board 714:, and restored as a restaurant. 545:arose in the early 1970s while 515:Ed Guinn as Cattle Truck Driver 509:John Henry Faulk as Storyteller 503:Robert Courtin as Window Washer 7153:Phillips, Kendall R. (2005). " 7115:Greenberg, Harvey Roy (1994). 6823:. Princeton University Press. 6767:. Vol. 32. Archived from 5390: 5379: 5247:"Texas Chainsaw Massacre, The" 5150:. Thrillist. November 27, 2017 4880:. May 16, 2003. Archived from 4319:Olsen, Mark (August 6, 2006). 4077: 3881:. Eye For Film. Archived from 3879:"The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" 3378:. June 1, 1975. Archived from 3046: 2823: 2739:Gayne, Zach (March 18, 2014). 2579:Kraus, Daniel (October 1999). 2417:Rabin, Nathan (June 8, 2008). 2188:Armstrong, Kent Byron (2003). 1921:United States Copyright Office 1892:"The Texas Chain Saw Massacre" 1745:List of American films of 1974 1740:Cannibalism in popular culture 1726:, was released exclusively on 1708:, was released exclusively to 1475:According to Jesse Stommel of 833:, which grossed $ 47 million. 783:Bryanston Distributing Company 521:Perry Lorenz as Pick Up Driver 506:William Creamer as Bearded Man 327:Bryanston Distributing Company 196:Bryanston Distributing Company 1: 8014:English-language horror films 7934:Films set in abandoned houses 7914:Films directed by Tobe Hooper 7680:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 7398:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 7119:. Columbia University Press. 7099:Donaldson, Lucy Fife (2010). 6950:. University of Texas Press. 6757:Bloom, John (November 2004). 6590:Miska, Brad (June 30, 2017). 5964:. YouTube. November 7, 2013. 5678: 5407:"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" 4831:"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" 3935:"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" 3854:. TVGuide.com. Archived from 3697:"Texas Chainsaw Massacre (R)" 3633:"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" 3479:Australia Parliament (1984). 3271:"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" 2567: 2472:Pack, MM (October 23, 2003). 2173:Henkel, Kim (Writer) (2008). 2124:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1647:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 872:Camden London Borough Council 864:British Board of Film Censors 551:University of Texas at Austin 8024:English-language crime films 7994:Rating controversies in film 7894:American serial killer films 7849:1970s English-language films 7624:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 7476:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 7390:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 7319:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 7303:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 7287:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 7270:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 7254:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 7242:AFI Catalog of Feature Films 7236:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 7220:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 7040:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 5723:"Women and Violence in Film" 5221:Davies, Steven Paul (2003). 4939:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 4533:"Censorship and Controversy" 4049:Stephen King's Danse Macabre 4033: 3850:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 3720: 3537: 3148: 2928: 2848: 2782: 2334: 2247: 2161: 2137:"The Man Hollywood Trusts". 2058: 2044: 1945: 1802:THE TEXAS CHAIN SAW MASSACRE 1773:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1627:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1598:. In 2014, a more extensive 1586:In 2005 the film received a 1573:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1537:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1522:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1490:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1469:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1461:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1413:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1326:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1231:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1161:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1102:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 926:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 876:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 860:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 812:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 735:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 704:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 543:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 345:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 270:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 44:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 7879:American exploitation films 7468:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 7419:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 7374:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 7335:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 7159:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 7136:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 7023:. McFarland & Company. 7004:. McFarland & Company. 7000:Muir, John Kenneth (2002). 6879:Haines, Richard W. (2003). 5729:(14): 12–14. Archived from 5565:Grant, Barry Keith (1996). 4651:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 4089:Tarantino, Quentin (2022). 3990: 3022:. Delacorte Press. p. 2974: 2879:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2794:Halberstam, Judith (1995). 1961:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 1771:, the official spelling is 1769:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 1696:, in 2006. A seventh film, 1679:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 1635:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 1436:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 1375:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 1132:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 1091:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 1037:assault on the senses". In 993:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 430:dressed in women's clothing 8040: 7889:American teen horror films 7884:American independent films 7171:Greenwood Publishing Group 5843:Bright Lights Film Journal 5656:Greenwood Publishing Group 5436:. SUNY Press. p. 48. 5359:. Routledge. p. 291. 4564:Peucker, Brigitte (2007). 4447:South Florida Sun-Sentinel 3904:Von Doviak, Scott (2005). 3793:. NYU Press. p. 183. 1478:Bright Lights Film Journal 1355:Contemporary American life 1233:was selected for the 1975 878:uncut for release with an 821:12th highest-grossing film 210:October 11, 1974 29: 7954:Films about grave-robbing 7859:1970s serial killer films 7610: 7549: 6927:Jaworzyn, Stefan (2004). 5512:10.1080/08838159109364133 4290:Magistrale, Tony (2005). 4053:. Berkley Books. p. 2090:Smith, Joseph W. (2009). 1608:2014 Cannes Film Festival 954:Austin American-Statesman 737:was mainly shot using an 674:Icelandic-American actor 668:Austin American-Statesman 55:Theatrical release poster 48: 7974:Films shot in 16 mm film 7854:1970s exploitation films 6368:(illustrated ed.). 6043:Cherry, Bridget (2009). 5838:"Something That Festers" 5762:Journal of Communication 5652:Mass Media & Society 5625:(illustrated ed.). 5621:Prince, Stephen (2000). 5539:Rutgers University Press 5333:Sharrett 2004, pp. 301–2 5311:Sharrett 2004, pp. 300–1 4352:Hogan, David J. (1997). 3966:Edmundson, Mark (1999). 3069:Vaughn, Stephen (2006). 2583:. Gadfly. Archived from 2568:Haines 2003, pp. 114–115 998:Night of the Living Dead 960:Night of the Living Dead 574:The Silence of the Lambs 27:1974 film by Tobe Hooper 7919:Films about cannibalism 7449:Texas Chainsaw Massacre 6965:Merritt, Naomi (2010). 6902:Hansen, Gunnar (2013). 6885:McFarland & Company 6838:Cook, David A. (2000). 6759:"They Came. They Sawed" 6366:The Film Yearbook, 1984 6016:American Film Institute 5930:"Tobe Hooper Interview" 5804:10.1023/A:1007080110663 4872:"The Top 50 Cult Films" 4358:McFarland & Company 4093:. W&N. p. 331. 3910:McFarland & Company 3789:Staiger, Janet (2000). 3701:The Cincinnati Enquirer 3551:"Succé för ny massaker" 2836:"They Came. They Sawed" 2505:Staff (June 10, 2004). 2324:Jaworzyn 2004, pp. 8–33 2194:McFarland & Company 2096:McFarland & Company 2014:Summers, Chris (2003). 1959:"Tobe Hooper Remembers 1723:Texas Chainsaw Massacre 1625:In 1982, shortly after 947:The Cincinnati Enquirer 702:The farmhouse used for 680:intellectual disability 600:an older homosexual man 518:Joe Bill Hogan as Drunk 284:, who co-wrote it with 7899:American slasher films 7874:1974 independent films 7688:Spontaneous Combustion 7523:Chain Saw Confidential 7134:Hand, Stephen (2004). 7061:Worland, Rick (2006). 7019:Rockoff, Adam (2002). 6984:10.3366/film.2010.0007 6946:Macor, Alison (2010). 6075:. 1999. Archived from 5259:. 2012. Archived from 5257:British Film Institute 4531:Fulwood, Neil (2003). 4321:"Beware, the cave man" 4045:King, Stephen (1983). 1730:on February 18, 2022. 1659:Spontaneous Combustion 1543:in the early 1980s by 1533: 1442:Violence against women 1382:— Christopher Sharrett 1379: 1328:was inducted into the 1009: 1004:Last House on the Left 842: 715: 604: 392:. They soon pick up a 7999:Southern Gothic films 7959:Films about self-harm 7728:The Apartment Complex 7696:I'm Dangerous Tonight 6797:British Horror Cinema 6682:. February 18, 2022. 6448:Jaworzyn 2004, p. 188 5721:Mackey, Mary (1977). 5344:Sharrett 2004, p. 308 5322:Sharrett 2004, p. 300 5300:Sharrett 2004, p. 318 4034:Bowen 2004, pp. 16–17 3664:Ebert, Roger (1989). 2929:Bowen 2004, pp. 17–18 2643:Freeland 2002, p. 241 2335:Macor 2010, pp. 24–25 2001:Tobe Hooper Interview 1999:Hooper, Tobe (2008). 1777:U.S. Copyright Office 1520: 1218:House of 1000 Corpses 779:Texas Film Commission 743:Ektachrome Commercial 701: 663:Dallas Theater Center 512:Jerry Green as Cowboy 7924:Films about families 7844:1970s American films 7534:Texas Chainsaw House 6858:Freeland, Cynthia A. 6742:. Wallflower Press. 6207:on February 5, 2005. 5693:Bogart, Leo (2000). 5472:: 19. Archived from 5457:Wood, Robin (1985). 5355:Gelder, Ken (2000). 5289:. September 5, 2014. 5287:Academy Film Archive 5263:on February 25, 2013 5174:Consequence of Sound 4877:Entertainment Weekly 4860:Jaworzyn 2004, p. 86 4841:on November 14, 2010 4712:Robb, Brian (2005). 4658:Entertainment Weekly 4616:Sumner, Don (2010). 4539:. Batsford. p. 4487:on February 10, 2011 4360:. pp. 247–249. 4238:on February 21, 2011 4198:Entertainment Weekly 4147:on February 24, 2011 4078:Worland 2006, p. 208 3947:on December 29, 2010 3940:The Austin Chronicle 3858:on September 9, 2011 3527:Chibnall 2002, p. 16 3058:Jaworzyn 2004, p. 40 3047:Worland 2006, p. 298 3016:Russo, John (1989). 2886:The Austin Chronicle 2772:Jaworzyn 2004, p. 33 2753:on September 3, 2017 2720:on September 4, 2017 2554:Jaworzyn 2004, p. 63 2479:The Austin Chronicle 2406:Jaworzyn 2004, p. 30 2175:Kim Henkel Interview 1968:The Austin Chronicle 1604:Directors' Fortnight 1344:Academy Film Archive 1334:Museum of Modern Art 1313:Consequence of Sound 1283:. In 2010, as well, 1250:Entertainment Weekly 1242:London Film Festival 1238:Directors' Fortnight 1235:Cannes Film Festival 1166:Entertainment Weekly 1044:The Austin Chronicle 470:William Vail as Kirk 467:as Franklin Hardesty 7944:Films shot in Texas 7864:1970s slasher films 7080:Dika, Vera (2003). 7046:. Scarecrow Press. 6602:on October 31, 2017 6563:"Texas Chainsaw 3D" 6543:on November 1, 2012 6510:on February 8, 2013 6293:on November 7, 2015 5754:Donnerstein, Edward 5080:on October 25, 2010 5017:on February 4, 2012 4985:on January 20, 2012 4782:on October 18, 2012 4015:on October 18, 2012 3885:on October 18, 2011 3828:on October 18, 2012 3745:on January 16, 2014 3631:(January 1, 1974). 3346:Egan, Kate (2008). 3251:on February 7, 2011 3167:on October 19, 2012 2824:Rockoff 2002, p. 42 2666:on October 24, 2012 2026:on February 4, 2004 1674:Matthew McConaughey 1448:critical discussion 1350:Themes and analysis 1330:Horror Hall of Fame 1224:The Devil's Rejects 1190:The Hills Have Eyes 777:, then head of the 273:is a 1974 American 7939:Films set in Texas 7672:Invaders from Mars 7602:Films directed by 7324:TCM Movie Database 7138:. Games Workshop. 6864:. Westview Press. 6653:Hollywood Reporter 6468:. Signet. p. 6364:Clark, Al (1983). 6318:Bloody Disgusting! 6175:on January 2, 2009 5623:Screening Violence 5466:Movies and Methods 5391:Merritt 2010, p. 6 5380:Merritt 2010, p. 1 5106:. October 28, 2013 4619:Horror Movie Freak 4205:on January 8, 2011 4091:Cinema Speculation 3327:on January 7, 2013 3297:on August 22, 2010 2419:"John Larroquette" 2045:Allon 2002, p. 248 1946:Allon 2002, p. 246 1682:, was released by 1534: 1507:Guillermo del Toro 1455:incorporates the " 1207:. French director 1155:and his razors or 716: 634:Production manager 596:Elmer Wayne Henley 473:Teri McMinn as Pam 7929:Films set in 1973 7869:1974 horror films 7778: 7777: 7760:Dance of the Dead 7569: 7568: 7434:Texas Chainsaw 3D 7180:978-0-275-98353-6 7145:978-1-84416-060-0 7126:978-0-231-07287-8 7091:978-0-521-01631-5 7072:978-1-4051-3902-1 7053:978-0-8108-5013-2 7030:978-0-7864-1227-3 7011:978-0-7864-1282-2 6957:978-0-292-72243-9 6938:978-1-84023-660-6 6894:978-0-7864-1361-4 6871:978-0-8133-6563-3 6849:978-0-520-23265-5 6830:978-0-691-00620-8 6806:978-0-415-23004-9 6749:978-1-903364-52-9 6596:Bloody Disgusting 6571:. January 9, 2013 6479:978-0-451-20107-2 6404:978-0-262-01257-7 6379:978-0-394-62488-4 6263:on April 24, 2014 6224:Bloody Disgusting 6079:on March 20, 2012 6054:978-0-415-45667-8 5942:on August 5, 2013 5909:on August 2, 2013 5798:(1 & 2): 39. 5704:978-0-7658-0605-5 5679:Clover 1993, p. 7 5665:978-1-56750-288-6 5636:978-0-485-30095-6 5607:978-1-55643-396-2 5576:978-0-292-72794-6 5548:978-0-8135-3363-6 5443:978-0-7914-3441-3 5366:978-0-415-21355-4 5357:The Horror Reader 5252:Sight & Sound 5232:978-0-7134-8704-6 4775:Houston Chronicle 4749:on March 11, 2011 4723:978-1-904048-47-3 4691:Bloody Disgusting 4633:978-1-4402-0824-9 4597:on March 24, 2012 4575:978-0-8047-5431-6 4550:978-0-7134-8819-7 4517:978-1-4165-2174-7 4426:978-0-520-05408-0 4392:978-0-8058-1174-2 4367:978-0-7864-0474-2 4326:Los Angeles Times 4305:978-0-8204-7056-6 4271:on August 9, 2011 4259:"The frighteners" 4177:978-1-900486-10-1 4064:978-0-425-10433-0 3977:978-0-674-62463-4 3919:978-0-7864-1997-5 3821:Houston Chronicle 3800:978-0-8147-8139-5 3721:Macor 2010, p. 39 3681:978-0-8362-6240-7 3638:Chicago Sun-Times 3611:Los Angeles Times 3357:978-0-7190-7232-1 3273:. August 3, 2020. 3223:978-1-904705-15-4 3193:on March 20, 2012 3149:Bowen 2004, p. 18 3103:Los Angeles Times 3086:978-0-521-85258-6 3033:978-0-385-29684-7 2975:Cook 2000, p. 229 2953:on August 7, 2010 2805:978-0-8223-1663-3 2624:on March 20, 2007 2301:978-0-231-05777-6 2203:978-0-7864-1462-8 2105:978-0-7864-4487-8 2059:Bowen 2004, p. 17 1837:Los Angeles Times 1699:Texas Chainsaw 3D 1526:Hollywood Theatre 1524:screening at the 1496:film" due to its 1452:exploitation film 1339:Sight & Sound 1123:Los Angeles Times 1080:Quentin Tarantino 1027:Houston Chronicle 1014:Chicago Sun-Times 982:Harper's Magazine 941:Chicago Sun-Times 931:Los Angeles Times 921:Critical response 720:Round Rock, Texas 288:. The film stars 266: 265: 150:Sallye Richardson 16:(Redirected from 8031: 7819: 7818: 7817: 7807: 7806: 7805: 7795: 7794: 7793: 7786: 7596: 7589: 7582: 7573: 7557: 7556: 7366: 7359: 7352: 7343: 7330: 7314: 7298: 7282: 7265: 7249: 7231: 7202: 7184: 7168: 7149: 7130: 7111: 7105: 7095: 7076: 7057: 7034: 7015: 6996: 6986: 6961: 6942: 6923: 6898: 6875: 6853: 6834: 6815:Clover, Carol J. 6810: 6791: 6772: 6771:on July 8, 2011. 6753: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6702: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6677: 6670: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6618: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6598:. Archived from 6587: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6559: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6539:. Archived from 6526: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6506:. Archived from 6493: 6484: 6483: 6456: 6450: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6429:on April 5, 2011 6425:. Archived from 6415: 6409: 6408: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6338: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6289:. 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Archived from 2502: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2486:on June 29, 2011 2482:. Archived from 2469: 2460: 2459: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2414: 2408: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2378: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2359:on June 10, 2012 2343: 2337: 2332: 2326: 2321: 2306: 2305: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2259: 2250: 2248:Bloom 2004, p. 3 2245: 2236: 2235: 2225: 2208: 2207: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2170: 2164: 2162:Bloom 2004, p. 2 2159: 2153: 2152: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2119: 2110: 2109: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2072: 2061: 2056: 2047: 2042: 2036: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2022:. Archived from 2011: 2005: 2004: 1996: 1985: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1954: 1948: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1923:. Archived from 1913: 1907: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1888: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1858: 1849: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1827: 1821: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1796: 1780: 1765: 1718:limited theaters 1620:Ultra HD Blu-ray 1575:was released on 1530:Portland, Oregon 1421:Georges Bataille 1389:Alfred Hitchcock 1383: 1297: 1281:George A. Romero 1264: 1193:as an homage to 1149:Christopher Null 1016: 846: 712:Kingsland, Texas 688:John Larroquette 611: 541:The concept for 525:John Larroquette 390:animal slaughter 337:(MPAA) rated it 254:$ 80,000–140,000 217: 215: 53: 41: 21: 8039: 8038: 8034: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8029: 8028: 7829: 7828: 7825: 7815: 7813: 7803: 7801: 7791: 7789: 7781: 7779: 7774: 7744:Toolbox Murders 7606: 7600: 7570: 7565: 7545: 7540:Chain Reactions 7510: 7482: 7455: 7377: 7370: 7308:Rotten Tomatoes 7259:Box Office Mojo 7210: 7205: 7196: 7192: 7190:Further reading 7187: 7181: 7152: 7146: 7133: 7127: 7114: 7103: 7098: 7092: 7079: 7073: 7060: 7054: 7037: 7031: 7018: 7012: 6999: 6971:Film-Philosophy 6964: 6958: 6945: 6939: 6931:. Titan Books. 6926: 6920: 6910:Chronicle Books 6901: 6895: 6878: 6872: 6856: 6850: 6837: 6831: 6813: 6807: 6794: 6775: 6756: 6750: 6735: 6731: 6726: 6725: 6715: 6713: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6689: 6687: 6680:The Independent 6672: 6671: 6667: 6657: 6655: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6631: 6629: 6620: 6619: 6615: 6605: 6603: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6574: 6572: 6568:Rotten Tomatoes 6561: 6560: 6556: 6546: 6544: 6528: 6527: 6523: 6513: 6511: 6495: 6494: 6487: 6480: 6460:Maltin, Leonard 6458: 6457: 6453: 6446: 6442: 6432: 6430: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6405: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6380: 6372:. p. 143. 6363: 6362: 6358: 6340: 6339: 6332: 6322: 6320: 6311: 6310: 6306: 6296: 6294: 6281: 6280: 6276: 6266: 6264: 6248: 6247: 6243: 6233: 6231: 6217: 6216: 6212: 6193: 6192: 6188: 6178: 6176: 6162: 6161: 6157: 6147: 6145: 6129: 6128: 6124: 6114: 6112: 6102: 6097: 6096: 6092: 6082: 6080: 6067: 6066: 6062: 6055: 6042: 6041: 6037: 6020: 6014:. Vol. 9. 6009: 6008: 6004: 5986: 5985: 5981: 5971: 5969: 5960: 5959: 5955: 5945: 5943: 5927: 5926: 5922: 5912: 5910: 5894: 5893: 5889: 5879: 5877: 5868: 5867: 5863: 5853: 5851: 5835: 5834: 5827: 5789: 5788: 5781: 5751: 5750: 5746: 5736: 5734: 5720: 5719: 5712: 5705: 5692: 5691: 5684: 5677: 5673: 5666: 5658:. p. 476. 5649: 5648: 5644: 5637: 5629:. p. 146. 5620: 5619: 5615: 5608: 5589: 5588: 5584: 5577: 5564: 5563: 5556: 5549: 5541:. p. 113. 5535:The Horror Film 5532: 5531: 5527: 5497: 5496: 5492: 5482: 5480: 5479:on June 9, 2011 5476: 5461: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5431: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5414: 5413:on July 5, 2008 5401: 5400: 5396: 5389: 5385: 5378: 5374: 5367: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5342: 5338: 5331: 5327: 5320: 5316: 5309: 5305: 5298: 5294: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5266: 5264: 5245: 5244: 5240: 5233: 5220: 5219: 5215: 5205: 5203: 5202:. July 30, 2018 5194: 5193: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5153: 5151: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5131: 5129: 5124: 5123: 5119: 5109: 5107: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5065: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5048: 5047:on May 24, 2011 5035: 5034: 5030: 5020: 5018: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4988: 4986: 4971: 4970: 4966: 4956: 4954: 4953:on May 18, 2011 4935: 4934: 4930: 4920: 4918: 4917:on May 19, 2011 4905:"Shock Horror!" 4902: 4901: 4897: 4887: 4885: 4884:on May 27, 2011 4870: 4869: 4865: 4858: 4854: 4844: 4842: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4811: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4752: 4750: 4743:Cinefantastique 4736: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4696: 4694: 4683: 4682: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4665:on June 6, 2011 4646: 4645: 4641: 4634: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4600: 4598: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4576: 4563: 4562: 4558: 4551: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4490: 4488: 4480:The Independent 4472: 4471: 4467: 4457: 4455: 4439: 4438: 4434: 4427: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4393: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4368: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4306: 4298:. p. 153. 4289: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4241: 4239: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4178: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4148: 4140:BBC News Online 4133: 4132: 4125: 4115: 4113: 4110:Rotten Tomatoes 4103: 4102: 4098: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4032: 4028: 4018: 4016: 4001: 4000: 3996: 3991:Muir 2002 p. 17 3989: 3985: 3978: 3965: 3964: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3920: 3912:. p. 172. 3903: 3902: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3831: 3829: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3801: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3767:Cinefantastique 3763: 3762: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3719: 3715: 3705: 3703: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3645:on June 5, 2011 3627: 3626: 3619: 3603: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3560: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3536: 3532: 3525: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3501:The Independent 3493: 3492: 3488: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3437: 3435: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3411: 3409: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3385: 3383: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3358: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3330: 3328: 3321:BBC News Online 3315: 3314: 3310: 3300: 3298: 3290:BBC News Online 3283: 3282: 3278: 3269: 3268: 3264: 3254: 3252: 3236: 3235: 3231: 3224: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3194: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3170: 3168: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3140: 3130: 3128: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3106:. p. F.13. 3099: 3098: 3094: 3087: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3056: 3052: 3045: 3041: 3034: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3000: 2998: 2997:on June 6, 2011 2991:Box Office Mojo 2985: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2966: 2956: 2954: 2946:Box Office Mojo 2939: 2938: 2934: 2927: 2923: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2896: 2894: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2847: 2843: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2822: 2813: 2806: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2781: 2777: 2770: 2766: 2756: 2754: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2723: 2721: 2705: 2704: 2697: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2669: 2667: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2641: 2637: 2627: 2625: 2608: 2607: 2600: 2590: 2588: 2587:on June 8, 2011 2578: 2577: 2573: 2566: 2559: 2552: 2548: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2489: 2487: 2471: 2470: 2463: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2434: 2432: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2404: 2400: 2380: 2379: 2372: 2362: 2360: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2333: 2329: 2322: 2309: 2302: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2261: 2260: 2253: 2246: 2239: 2231:Cinefantastique 2227: 2226: 2211: 2204: 2196:. p. 316. 2187: 2186: 2182: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2160: 2156: 2136: 2135: 2131: 2121: 2120: 2113: 2106: 2089: 2088: 2084: 2074: 2073: 2064: 2057: 2050: 2043: 2039: 2029: 2027: 2013: 2012: 2008: 1998: 1997: 1988: 1978: 1976: 1975:on June 5, 2011 1956: 1955: 1951: 1944: 1940: 1930: 1928: 1927:on July 8, 2012 1915: 1914: 1910: 1900: 1898: 1896:Box Office Mojo 1890: 1889: 1882: 1872: 1870: 1860: 1859: 1852: 1842: 1840: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1814: 1812: 1798: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1736: 1714:video on demand 1688:New Line Cinema 1670:Renée Zellweger 1606:section of the 1532:, in July 2014. 1515: 1487: 1444: 1385: 1381: 1371:Francis Parkman 1357: 1352: 1295: 1262: 1118:Tony Magistrale 1099: 1097:Cultural impact 1087:Rotten Tomatoes 1018: 1011: 972:Cinefantastique 923: 918: 893:by distributor 848: 844: 809: 801:New Line Cinema 763: 761:Post-production 751:Robert A. Burns 706:was moved from 696: 647: 639:mortgage points 622:1973 oil crisis 613: 606: 539: 534: 465:Paul A. Partain 446: 366: 294:Paul A. Partain 227: 220: 213: 211: 204: 187: 182: 180: 173: 156: 129: 110:Paul A. Partain 85: 56: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8037: 8035: 8027: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7904:Censored films 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7831: 7830: 7824: 7823: 7811: 7799: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7772: 7764: 7756: 7748: 7740: 7732: 7724: 7716: 7708: 7700: 7692: 7684: 7676: 7668: 7660: 7652: 7644: 7636: 7628: 7620: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7601: 7599: 7598: 7591: 7584: 7576: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7563: 7550: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7543: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7518: 7516: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7508: 7503: 7501:Sally Hardesty 7498: 7492: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7480: 7472: 7463: 7461: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7453: 7445: 7437: 7430: 7423: 7415: 7408: 7401: 7394: 7385: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7371: 7369: 7368: 7361: 7354: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7331: 7315: 7299: 7283: 7266: 7250: 7244: 7232: 7216: 7209: 7208:External links 7206: 7204: 7203: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7179: 7150: 7144: 7131: 7125: 7112: 7096: 7090: 7077: 7071: 7058: 7052: 7035: 7029: 7016: 7010: 6997: 6977:(1): 202–231. 6962: 6956: 6943: 6937: 6924: 6919:978-1452114491 6918: 6899: 6893: 6876: 6870: 6854: 6848: 6835: 6829: 6811: 6805: 6792: 6773: 6754: 6748: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6697: 6665: 6639: 6613: 6582: 6554: 6521: 6485: 6478: 6451: 6440: 6410: 6403: 6385: 6378: 6356: 6330: 6304: 6274: 6241: 6210: 6186: 6155: 6144:on May 4, 2011 6122: 6090: 6060: 6053: 6035: 6002: 5979: 5953: 5920: 5887: 5861: 5825: 5779: 5768:(3): 130–147. 5752:Linz, Daniel; 5744: 5733:on May 6, 2009 5710: 5703: 5682: 5671: 5664: 5642: 5635: 5613: 5606: 5582: 5575: 5554: 5547: 5525: 5506:(3): 385–392. 5490: 5449: 5442: 5424: 5394: 5383: 5372: 5365: 5347: 5336: 5325: 5314: 5303: 5292: 5274: 5238: 5231: 5213: 5187: 5176:. June 7, 2018 5161: 5139: 5117: 5104:Slant Magazine 5091: 5058: 5028: 4996: 4964: 4928: 4895: 4863: 4852: 4821: 4793: 4760: 4729: 4722: 4704: 4676: 4639: 4632: 4608: 4581: 4574: 4556: 4549: 4523: 4516: 4498: 4465: 4432: 4425: 4398: 4391: 4373: 4366: 4344: 4311: 4304: 4282: 4249: 4216: 4183: 4176: 4158: 4123: 4096: 4081: 4070: 4063: 4037: 4026: 3994: 3983: 3976: 3958: 3925: 3918: 3896: 3877:Bitel, Anton. 3869: 3839: 3806: 3799: 3781: 3756: 3724: 3713: 3687: 3680: 3656: 3617: 3596: 3570: 3541: 3530: 3519: 3486: 3471: 3445: 3419: 3393: 3363: 3356: 3338: 3308: 3276: 3262: 3229: 3222: 3204: 3178: 3152: 3138: 3124:Ottawa Citizen 3109: 3092: 3085: 3061: 3050: 3039: 3032: 3008: 2978: 2964: 2932: 2921: 2904: 2867: 2852: 2841: 2827: 2811: 2804: 2786: 2775: 2764: 2746:Screen Anarchy 2731: 2695: 2677: 2646: 2635: 2598: 2571: 2557: 2546: 2528: 2497: 2461: 2442: 2431:on May 9, 2012 2409: 2398: 2370: 2338: 2327: 2307: 2300: 2282: 2263:Hansen, Gunnar 2251: 2237: 2209: 2202: 2180: 2165: 2154: 2129: 2111: 2104: 2098:. p. 12. 2082: 2062: 2048: 2037: 2006: 1986: 1949: 1938: 1908: 1880: 1850: 1822: 1790: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1781: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1735: 1732: 1684:Platinum Dunes 1612:Dark Sky Films 1569:18 certificate 1514: 1511: 1486: 1483: 1443: 1440: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1292:Slant Magazine 1098: 1095: 987: 922: 919: 917: 914: 880:18 certificate 835: 825:John Carpenter 808: 805: 775:Warren Skaaren 771:Joe K. Longley 762: 759: 695: 692: 651:Allen Danziger 646: 643: 587: 538: 535: 533: 530: 529: 528: 522: 519: 516: 513: 510: 507: 504: 501: 500:as Grandfather 495: 486: 480: 474: 471: 468: 462: 459:Allen Danziger 456: 454:Sally Hardesty 445: 442: 406:straight razor 386:slaughterhouse 378:Sally Hardesty 365: 362: 264: 263: 262:$ 30.9 million 260: 256: 255: 252: 248: 247: 244: 240: 239: 236: 232: 231: 228: 225: 222: 221: 219: 218: 207: 205: 202: 199: 198: 193: 192:Distributed by 189: 188: 185: 183: 178: 175: 174: 172: 171: 168: 164: 162: 158: 157: 155: 154: 151: 147: 145: 141: 140: 135: 134:Cinematography 131: 130: 128: 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 101: 99: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 84: 83: 80: 74: 72: 68: 67: 62: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8036: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8009:Video nasties 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7827: 7822: 7812: 7810: 7809:United States 7800: 7798: 7788: 7784: 7770: 7769: 7765: 7762: 7761: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7749: 7746: 7745: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7733: 7730: 7729: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7717: 7714: 7713: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7704:Night Terrors 7701: 7698: 7697: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7685: 7682: 7681: 7677: 7674: 7673: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7661: 7658: 7657: 7653: 7650: 7649: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7637: 7634: 7633: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7617: 7613: 7612: 7609: 7605: 7597: 7592: 7590: 7585: 7583: 7578: 7577: 7574: 7562: 7561: 7552: 7551: 7548: 7542: 7541: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7524: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7513: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7485: 7478: 7477: 7473: 7470: 7469: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7458: 7451: 7450: 7446: 7443: 7442: 7438: 7436: 7435: 7431: 7429: 7428: 7424: 7421: 7420: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7395: 7392: 7391: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7375: 7367: 7362: 7360: 7355: 7353: 7348: 7347: 7344: 7338: 7336: 7332: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7320: 7316: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7304: 7300: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7288: 7284: 7281: 7276: 7272: 7271: 7267: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7248: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7237: 7233: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7221: 7217: 7215: 7214:Official Site 7212: 7211: 7207: 7200: 7195: 7194: 7189: 7182: 7176: 7172: 7167: 7166: 7160: 7156: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7137: 7132: 7128: 7122: 7118: 7113: 7109: 7102: 7097: 7093: 7087: 7083: 7078: 7074: 7068: 7065:. 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Routledge. 6798: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6780: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6765: 6764:Texas Monthly 6760: 6755: 6751: 6745: 6741: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6728: 6712: 6708: 6701: 6698: 6685: 6681: 6676: 6669: 6666: 6654: 6650: 6643: 6640: 6628: 6624: 6617: 6614: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6586: 6583: 6570: 6569: 6564: 6558: 6555: 6542: 6538: 6537: 6532: 6525: 6522: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6492: 6490: 6486: 6481: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6466: 6461: 6455: 6452: 6449: 6444: 6441: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6414: 6411: 6406: 6400: 6396: 6389: 6386: 6381: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6360: 6357: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6337: 6335: 6331: 6323:September 17, 6319: 6315: 6308: 6305: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6278: 6275: 6262: 6258: 6257: 6252: 6245: 6242: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6218:Miska, Brad. 6214: 6211: 6206: 6202: 6201: 6196: 6190: 6187: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6159: 6156: 6143: 6139: 6138: 6133: 6126: 6123: 6110: 6109: 6101: 6094: 6091: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6064: 6061: 6056: 6050: 6046: 6039: 6036: 6031: 6025: 6018:. p. 72. 6017: 6013: 6012:American film 6006: 6003: 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Club 2420: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2402: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2385: 2384:Texas Monthly 2377: 2375: 2371: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2352:Dread Central 2348: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2297: 2293: 2286: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2268:Texas Monthly 2264: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2232: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2205: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2184: 2181: 2176: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2158: 2155: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2141: 2140:Texas Monthly 2133: 2130: 2125: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2086: 2083: 2078: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2041: 2038: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2010: 2007: 2002: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1974: 1970: 1969: 1964: 1962: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1942: 1939: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1897: 1893: 1887: 1885: 1881: 1869: 1868: 1863: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1826: 1823: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1795: 1792: 1785: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1764: 1761: 1755: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1680: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1616:Saturn Awards 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1561:video nasties 1559:surrounding " 1558: 1554: 1550: 1549:Vestron Video 1546: 1542: 1538: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1513:Post-release 1512: 1510: 1508: 1503: 1499: 1498:animal rights 1495: 1491: 1485:Vegetarianism 1484: 1482: 1480: 1479: 1473: 1470: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1302: 1294: 1293: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1269: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1209:Alexandre Aja 1206: 1205: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1191: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1167: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1144: 1142: 1141:Greek tragedy 1138: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1108: 1103: 1096: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1022:Steven Seagal 1017: 1015: 1008: 1006: 1005: 1000: 999: 994: 986: 984: 983: 978: 974: 973: 968: 967: 962: 961: 956: 955: 949: 948: 943: 942: 937: 933: 932: 927: 920: 915: 913: 910: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 887: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 856: 853: 852:release print 847: 841: 840: 834: 832: 831: 826: 822: 818: 813: 806: 804: 802: 796: 794: 793: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 760: 758: 754: 752: 749: 744: 740: 736: 732: 730: 725: 721: 713: 709: 705: 700: 693: 691: 689: 685: 684:special needs 681: 677: 676:Gunnar Hansen 672: 670: 669: 664: 660: 659:Marilyn Burns 656: 652: 644: 642: 640: 635: 629: 627: 623: 619: 612: 610: 603: 601: 597: 593: 586: 584: 580: 576: 575: 570: 569: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 536: 531: 526: 523: 520: 517: 514: 511: 508: 505: 502: 499: 496: 494: 490: 489:Gunnar Hansen 487: 484: 481: 479:as Hitchhiker 478: 475: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 457: 455: 451: 450:Marilyn Burns 448: 447: 443: 441: 437: 435: 431: 425: 423: 418: 417:swimming hole 413: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 374: 371: 363: 361: 359: 355: 351: 346: 342: 340: 336: 332: 328: 322: 320: 316: 311: 307: 306:Gunnar Hansen 303: 299: 295: 291: 290:Marilyn Burns 287: 283: 279: 276: 272: 271: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 238:United States 237: 233: 229: 223: 209: 208: 206: 200: 197: 194: 190: 184: 176: 169: 166: 165: 163: 159: 153:Larry Carroll 152: 149: 148: 146: 142: 139: 136: 132: 126: 125:Gunnar Hansen 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 105:Marilyn Burns 103: 102: 100: 96: 92: 88: 81: 79: 76: 75: 73: 69: 66: 63: 59: 52: 47: 42: 39: 37: 33: 19: 7964:Films à clef 7826: 7766: 7758: 7750: 7742: 7734: 7726: 7718: 7710: 7702: 7694: 7686: 7678: 7670: 7662: 7654: 7648:The Funhouse 7646: 7638: 7630: 7623: 7622: 7614: 7558: 7538: 7521: 7474: 7466: 7447: 7439: 7432: 7425: 7417: 7410: 7403: 7396: 7389: 7388: 7372: 7334: 7318: 7302: 7285: 7269: 7253: 7235: 7219: 7201:(25): 12–16. 7198: 7164: 7158: 7155:The Exorcist 7154: 7135: 7116: 7107: 7081: 7062: 7043: 7039: 7020: 7001: 6974: 6970: 6947: 6928: 6904: 6880: 6861: 6839: 6819: 6796: 6777: 6769:the original 6762: 6738: 6716:February 18, 6714:. 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