174:, in that it was not presented as a continuation when it appeared in 1850. That fact would not become apparent until Jane Austen's earlier fragment was first published in 1871, although Mrs Hubback's relationship with her is made clear by the dedication at the start: "To the memory of her aunt, the late Jane Austen, this work is affectionately inscribed by the authoress who, though too young to have known her personally, was from childhood taught to esteem her virtues, and admire her talents." Moreover, it is not until the opening paragraphs of Chapter 2, following a digression on the style of ball-dresses over the centuries, that Mrs Hubback announces the period in which her novel is set. It is "sixty years ago", at which time "the liveliest fancy would have never pictured an English ball such as we now see it.". With these clues, the reader is guided to expect a pastiche of an Austen novel, a
87:. Mr Watson is a widowed and ailing clergyman with two sons and four daughters. The youngest daughter, Emma, the heroine of the story, has been brought up by a wealthy aunt and is consequently better educated and more refined than her sisters. But after her aunt contracted a foolish second marriage, Emma has been obliged to return to her father's house. There she is chagrined by the crude and reckless husband-hunting of two of her sisters, Penelope and Margaret. One particular focus for them is Tom Musgrave, who has paid attention to all of the sisters in the past. This Emma learns from her more responsible and kindly eldest sister Elizabeth.
231:. A postscript surveyed the history of the family continuations and criticised the Brown version which "so greatly compressed the plot's development that it did less than justice to Jane's own work when all it yielded was so perfunctory a conclusion". Nevertheless, believing that Catherine Hubback had absorbed from family members "an accurate picture of the author's intentions", he too kept his version close to Catherine's original wording and incorporated all of Jane Austen's fragment at its start. What are curtailed are all the digressions that Mrs Hubback had added to give her novel context and the subplots that maintained its momentum.
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been "leisurely…It is the start of a long book, not of a short one. Yet it comprises a half of Oulton's book and almost half of the Browns' book." In his own book that proportion is reduced to less than a quarter of the total length. As a result of giving himself this extra leg-room, his version of the story has been judged "more successful in capturing the feel of early 19th-century society than many of the other sequels, but probably much lighter and cheerier than Austen had originally intended the book to turn out".
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189:, published in 1923 and prefaced by Austen-Leigh's original introduction of 1871, as if to give it authenticity. The American edition went further in suggesting that the continuation had family sanction by claiming that Miss Oulton "has carried out her task so successfully that the reader will share with the members of the Austen family, to whom she showed her work, an inability to recognize the place where she took up the story from her distinguished predecessor". A contemporary reviewer for
75:, and then passed to other family relations until it was divided up in 1915. The smaller part was later acquired by the Morgan Library in 1925 and the remaining larger portion went through various hands until it was bought by the Bodleian in 2011. There are erasures and corrections to the manuscript and in three cases there were substantial revisions written on small pieces of paper and pinned in place over the cancelled portions.
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162:. The initial chapters were based on Jane's fragmentary story, which was known to family members but had not yet been published. The writing, however, was not word for word from the manuscript and in the development of the story some names were changed and new characters and episodes introduced, as well as long moralising passages and a good deal of descriptive detail. The continuation is recognisably
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why Jane Austen had never completed the fragment. An earlier article by Joseph
Wiesenfarth disagreed with the speculation that the novel was unfinished because of the unhappy associations for the author of the time it was written and that it covered a theme too close to her own circumstances. Furthermore, in reviewing the theory that the plot had been rewritten as
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plot. "The
Watsons is an experiment in turning fiction into life and life into fiction" and a "repository of classic Austen ingredients". The latter includes particularly the theme of being an outsider within the family and the consequent search for belonging. The talk also raised the possibility that Austen's fragment might really have been meant as a novella.
38:, probably begun about 1803. There have been a number of arguments advanced as to why she did not complete it, and other authors have since attempted the task. A continuation by Austen's niece was published in 1850. The manuscript fragment itself was published in 1871. Further completions and adaptations of the story have continued to the present day.
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soon to die; and Emma to become dependent for a home on her narrow-minded sister-in-law and brother. She was to decline an offer of marriage from Lord
Osborne, and much of the interest of the tale was to arise from Lady Osborne's love for Mr Howard, and his counter affection for Emma, whom he was finally to marry.
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in its themes and attitudes to social class. Possibly the new focus on the economics of the penniless heroine's situation could not have been adequately treated until this later date. In the opinion of Jane Austen's great-nephew, William Austen-Leigh (1843–1921), his aunt may have become aware of the
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That final point takes up an earlier claim that the work was nearer completion than assumed in that it "comprises the complete history of the heroine's movement from a position of social exclusion to one of inclusion". Such an argument, however, was merely one more addition to the many theories as to
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When the author's sister, Cassandra, showed the manuscript of this work to some of her nieces, she also told them something of the intended story; for with this dear sister – though, I believe, with no one else – Jane seems to have talked freely of any work that she might have in hand. Mr Watson was
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appeared from
British and American publishers in 1958. In his postscript (pages 314–18) he admitted to having rewritten the original fragment in order to develop the characters differently, including renaming Emma Watson as Emily. He also pointed out that the tempo of Jane Austen's contribution had
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following the acquisition of its part of the manuscript, Professor
Kathryn Sutherland described the novel as being about one sixth of the length of Austen's published novels and as marking a turning point in her writing. Here she leaves behind her parodies of earlier authors for a more naturalistic
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Living near the
Watsons are the Osbornes, a great titled family. Emma attracts some notice from the young and awkward Lord Osborne while attending a ball in the nearby town. An act of kindness on her part also acquaints her with Mrs Blake, who introduces Emma to her brother, Mr Howard, vicar of the
349:, a dramatisation of the unfinished novel. It has Laura, the dramatist, (played by an actor) walking onstage as the original, naturalistic story breaks off. There then follows a protracted discussion between the dramatist and the rebellious characters about how the plot should continue.
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As well as continuations of the original novel, a number of other authors have contributed new novels, and adaptations in other formats. Among these are the two 'Watsons novels' described as "inspired by Jane Austen" and written by Ann Mychal. The first,
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Dissatisfaction that the fragment's promising beginning was not brought to fulfilment eventually resulted in attempts to finish the novel. Some of the earliest of these were authored by descendants of the Austen family itself. In 1850, Jane's niece
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remained. Mrs
Hubback's novel was quarried yet again in 1977 by David Hopkinson (1914–2002), the husband of Diana Hubback – a niece of Edith Brown. This relationship was coyly concealed on publication under the title
222:, the granddaughter of Catherine Hubback, and her husband Francis Brown. The aim, according to the book's introduction, had been to "disentangle Jane's story from that of her niece", although a dependence on
307:(2014), according to its back cover, "blends passages from the original fragment into the narrative, creating a unique story which is faithful to Jane Austen's style and subject matter". Its sequel,
135:
was "a pre-text – a text that comes before other texts". He felt that situations first foreshadowed there were eventually reworked with more skill in novels that Austen had already begun, such as
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certainly noticed, however, commenting that "soon after she has taken up the tale, we become aware that all the rich reality has faded out of it and from being, as it were, a perfect little
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difficulty "of having placed her heroine too low, in a position of poverty and obscurity…and therefore, like a singer who has begun on too low a note, she discontinued the strain."
50:, and probably abandoned it after her father's death in January 1805. It had no formal chapter divisions and was approximately 7,500 words long. The fragment was given the title of
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328:(2017) by Kathleen A. Flynn, the manuscript of the novel is made the subject of a time-travel quest. Austen is supposed there to have completed
199:, it has shrunk to a two-dimensional drawing", for all that the author "is often successful in hitting off Miss Austen's style and intonation".
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parish church near
Osborne Castle. A few days later Margaret returns home, having been away on a protracted visit to her brother Robert in
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95:. With her come her brother and his overbearing and snobbish wife. When they leave, Emma declines an invitation to accompany them back.
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and published in 1871 by the novelist's nephew, James Edward Austen-Leigh (1798–1874), in the revised and augmented edition of his
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A further continuation came from John Coates (1912–1963), a writer with no family connection but who had earlier written a
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The timeframe of the completed fragment covers about a fortnight, and serves to introduce the main characters, who live in
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Tamara Wagner, "Rewriting
Sentimental Plots: Sequels to Novels of Sensibility by Jane Austen and Another Lady", in
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but then destroyed it, so two researchers from the future travel back to her time in an attempt to retrieve it.
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Tamara S. Wagner, "These were the days . . .": Victorian Themes in
Hubback's Continuation of Jane Austen's
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James-Cavan, Kathleen (1997). "Closure and Disclosure: the significance of conversation in Jane Austen's
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appeared until some fifty years after Austen-Leigh had published Jane Austen's manuscript. Then came
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in 2012. Yet another continuation was written by Irish author Rose Servitova, whose earlier
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311:(2015), is set two decades later and brings together characters and situations from both
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Jane Austen began work on an untitled novel about 1803, while she was living in
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71:, Oxford. On Jane Austen's death the manuscript was inherited by her sister
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Methuen, London; Crowell, New York; Westport : Greenwood Press 1973;
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Since then, as part of the burgeoning new genre of "Austenesque fiction",
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Another family response followed five years later with the publication of
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In another adaptation (that reverses the direction of the time-travel) a
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The Watsons, by Jane Austen. Completed in accordance with her intentions
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The original manuscript covered eighty pages, now divided between the
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Deirdre Le Faye, William Austen-Leigh, Richard Arthur Austen-Leigh,
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The Watsons – A Fragment by Jane Austen & Concluded by L. Oulton
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Mrs Hubback's novel differs importantly from later continuations of
242:(1949), featuring a man who claimed to have wooed Jane Austen. His
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situation described from the point of view of mid-Victorian times.
756:"How I Came to Finish Jane Austen's The Watsons by Rose Servitova"
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has written sequels to several Jane Austen novels, among them her
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774:
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Journal of the Jane Austen Society of North America, Persuasions
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Laurel Ann Natress, "An Introduction to Jane Austen Sequels",
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Victor Gollancz, London; St Martin's Press, New York, 1996;
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The Watsons: Jane Austen's fragment continued and completed
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adapted the plot into a three-volume novel under the title
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ch.3, "Updating Austen, Catherine Hubback and Emily Eden"
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The Watsons by Jane Austen, completed by Jennifer Bettiol
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On Second Thought: Updating the Eighteenth-century Text
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The description of the ball in Jane Austen's manuscript
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Here the story breaks off, but Edward Austen-Leigh's
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Jane Austen – Her Life and Letters – A Family Record
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131:, Wiesenfarth advanced the counter-argument that
262:by Merryn Williams in 2005; the self-published
454:Joseph Wiesenfarth, "The Watsons as Pretext",
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359:List of most expensive books and manuscripts
264:The Watsons, by Jane Austen and Another Lady
102:provides a hint of how it was to continue:
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1368:Unfinished literature completed by others
339:intrusion from the present day occurs in
866:Sutherland, Kathryn (13 November 2018).
745:Kindle Direct Publishing ASIN B009O5IYP0
376:"Jane Austen’s Fictional Manuscripts",
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258:(1996). New continuations also include
868:"Review of Laura Wade's 'The Watsons'"
611:, University of Delaware Press, 2007,
595:Deborah Yaffe, The Watsons in Winter,
560:From the cover of the American edition
282:(2017) had been based on the world of
229:The Watsons by Jane Austen and Another
584:E. Matthews & Marrot, London 1928
492:Jane Austen and the Victorian Heroine
413:a talk at the Bodleian on 8 June 2012
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290:(2019), won the Bronze prize in the
849:(17 November 2018). "The Watsons".
658:Bibliography of Jane Austen Sequels
775:Dromineer Nenagh Literary Festival
256:Emma Watson: The Watsons Completed
14:
1280:Georgian society in Austen novels
764:. Inkwell Group. 4 November 2019.
623:Corgi reprint, 1968, pp. 230–235.
562:, D. Appleton & Co., New York
274:by Eucharista Ward in 2012; and
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1234:Eliza de Feuillide (née Hancock)
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915:
270:in 2008; the religiously-themed
634:Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
480:. London: Thomas Cautley Newby.
16:Unfinished novel by Jane Austen
688:; reprinted by Bello in 2018,
1:
1383:Novels published posthumously
394:, Cambridge University 2004,
210:by Austen's great grand-niece
911:Jane Austen Information Page
494:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017,
392:Jane Austen: A Family Record
1229:Philadelphia Austen Hancock
925:public domain audiobook at
411:: Jane Austen Practising",
288:A Completing of The Watsons
65:Morgan Library & Museum
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538:Chapter 2, third paragraph
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819:"The Jane Austen Project"
206:The 1928 continuation of
181:No more continuations of
34:is an abandoned novel by
1105:The Beautifull Cassandra
895:Tomalin, Claire (1997).
1291:A Memoir of Jane Austen
1119:Catharine, or The Bower
720:Amazon, ASIN B002ACZTWA
586:, details on World Cat.
326:The Jane Austen Project
57:A Memoir of Jane Austen
1224:Thomas Langlois Lefroy
1112:The History of England
527:, Read Books Ltd, 2012
522:William Austen-Leigh,
292:Self-Publishing Review
211:
109:
26:
1378:Novels about nobility
1358:Novels by Jane Austen
998:Sense and Sensibility
855:. London. p. 25.
704:Pen Press Publishers
573:3 March 1923, Page 17
407:Kathryn Sutherland, "
280:The Longbourn Letters
272:The Watsons Revisited
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104:
24:
1373:Novels set in Surrey
1194:Edward Austen Knight
899:. New York: Vintage.
430:Studies in the Novel
67:, New York, and the
1317:Miss Austen Regrets
1199:Henry Thomas Austen
1098:Love and Freindship
1006:Pride and Prejudice
897:Jane Austen: A Life
872:Jane Austen's House
571:Spectator Archive,
284:Pride and Prejudice
138:Pride and Prejudice
112:Critical commentary
1270:In popular culture
1219:Anna Austen Lefroy
1184:Rev. George Austen
1149:Jane Austen Centre
490:Cheryl A. Wilson,
477:The Younger Sister
305:Emma and Elizabeth
224:The Younger Sister
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160:The Younger Sister
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156:Catherine Hubback
116:In a talk at the
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1320:(2007 film)
1312:(2007 film)
1064:The Watsons
963:Jane Austen
922:The Watsons
508:The Watsons
460:pp. 101–111
426:The Watsons
409:The Watsons
379:The Watsons
346:The Watsons
330:The Watsons
313:The Watsons
298:Adaptations
268:Helen Baker
260:The Watsons
208:The Watsons
183:The Watsons
176:Regency era
172:The Watsons
143:The Watsons
133:The Watsons
52:The Watsons
36:Jane Austen
31:The Watsons
1352:Categories
1301:Portrayals
1177:and people
1057:Lady Susan
1038:Persuasion
807:0992879531
801:J G Books
785:J G Books
761:Writing.ie
710:1904754937
686:0312145934
365:References
341:Laura Wade
252:Joan Aiken
240:Here Today
1090:Juvenilia
852:The Times
472:Hubback,
458:8, 1986,
309:Brinshore
164:Victorian
73:Cassandra
1337:Category
1253:Analysis
1072:Sanditon
974:Timeline
927:LibriVox
831:19 April
647:WorldCat
474:(1850).
442:29533229
353:See also
343:'s play
318:Sanditon
79:Synopsis
1265:Janeite
1163:Library
877:24 June
93:Croydon
42:History
1174:Family
1142:Places
1041:(1818)
1033:(1818)
1025:(1816)
1017:(1814)
1009:(1813)
1001:(1811)
805:
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440:
396:p. 241
100:Memoir
85:Surrey
1049:Minor
990:Major
983:Works
613:p.219
438:JSTOR
220:Edith
1022:Emma
879:2022
833:2017
803:ISBN
787:ISBN
731:ISBN
706:ISBN
690:ISBN
682:ISBN
315:and
128:Emma
48:Bath
428:".
324:In
266:by
218:by
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