385:
843:
initially included in Lloyd George's
Coalition Government in December 1916. From June 1917 to December 1918, he was Minister of Munitions but not a member of the small War Cabinet. From January 1919 to February 1921 (normal Cabinet Government having been resumed), he was Secretary of State for War and Air. He was involved in demobilization of the Army (1919), Intervention in Russia (1919) and the Irish crisis (1919-1919). For the remainder of Lloyd George's Coalition Government, until October 1922, he was Secretary of State for the Colonies. He was in government for the whole period, except in 1915 to 1917, and had taken notes and documents for his writing.
391:
611:
them; megalomania was a virtue and so was adding one or two noughts to orders. By now, after three years (twenty months) the island was an arsenal with the new national factories beginning to function. But the fighting fronts now absorbed all the production. The
Admiralty had not been affected by the munitions crisis of 1915, and Admiralty requirements had priority. France and Italy also had entitlements. The chapters on the fighting fronts start with victory over the U-boats, then the need to save Italy from collapse after the
615:. On the Western Front, Passchendaele, Michael, the Turn of the Tide, the "Teutonic Collapse" and "Victory". He ends with "Will a new generation in their turn be immolated to square the black accounts of Teuton and Gaul? Will our children bleed and gasp again in devastated lands? Or will there spring from the very fires of conflict that reconciliation of the three giant combatants, which would unite their genius and secure to each in safety and freedom a share in rebuilding the glory of Europe?"
121:
747:'s attack on his actions in 1914 in his book "The Tragedy of Lord Kitchener", charging that "Churchill had slipped away to Belgium on his own while Kitchener was asleep". But they soon broadened out into a general multi-volume history. The volumes are a mix of military history, written with Churchill's usual narrative flair, diplomatic and political history, portraits of other political and military figures, and personal memoir, written in a colourful manner.
810:
produced while he was a busy cabinet minister. He originally conceived of a two-volume work of his years in the
Admiralty, saying in a 1915 letter to Clementine "Someday I shd like the truth to be known". He had filed memos, documents and letters, and in 1920 had them set in type by Sir Frederick Macmillan, so that they were readily usable and could be pasted onto large sheets of paper with written comments and transition sections added. He had Admiral
36:
463:, published over a period of several years, 1923 to 1931, a six-volume, 3,261-page account of the Great War, beginning with its origins in 1911 and ending with its repercussions in the 1920s. Magnificently written, it is enhanced by the presence of the author at the highest councils of war and in the trenches as a battalion commander". The British historian
822:. However, despite the checking by Admiral Jackson, the evidence indicates that Churchill "initiated the Dardanelles project, and pushed it forward with vigour, overruling or ignoring the doubts and criticisms of his service advisors. This course of action may have been justified, but it was a very different course to that described in
607:
Commander-in-Chief), and
American intervention. A chapter on Britain covers the Derby scheme and conscription, the Press and Lloyd George becoming prime minister. During the first eighteen months of the events covered, Churchill was out of office and he commanded a battalion in the line at 'Plugstreet' in Flanders early in 1916.
724:
Several military writers in magazine articles criticized some of the opinions and statistics in Volume III. The essays "quarreling with some of his statistics and minor points of strategy and tactics" were reprinted in a book in 1927. The book introduction said that they "go far to destroy any claims
598:). Churchill complains in his preface that "upon me alone among the high authorities concerned (with the Dardanelles) was the penalty inflicted – not of loss of office, for that is a petty thing – but of interruption and deprivation of control while the fate of the enterprise was still in suspense".
585:
The design and ordering of the
British dreadnought fleet has a chapter, given his involvement. The start of the war in France is followed by the Admiralty and Fisher, and the naval battles of Coronel and the Falklands. The last chapter is on the bombardment of the English "open towns" of Hartlepool,
610:
Part II of Volume III starts with the invitation of the Prime
Minister (Lloyd George) to rejoin the government on 16 July 1917 as either the Ministry of Munitions (which he chose) or the newly created Air Ministry. He says that to the end of 1915 the resources of Britain exceeded the ability to use
842:
and so was in the
Cabinet and on the Dardanelles Committee. In November 1915, he resigned from the government. Until June 1916, he was on active service on the Western Front as a major and then as a lieutenant-colonel. He then resumed his active political career in the House of Commons but was not
809:
In 1923 he noted to his wife "I have 8 articles to write as soon as the book is finished: £500 £400 & £200. We shall not starve"; it was not to be finished for eight more years, and ran to five thick volumes (with Volume III published in two parts) and 2,517 pages. The last three volumes were
728:
By 1930 his account in the first three volumes (1923–29) "had been vigorously criticised, but this formidable, brilliant masterpiece had played an important part in the revaluation of his actions (with) the revelation of
Churchill’s part in the origin of the tank, and the narrowness of the margin
678:
An abridged and revised edition with an additional chapter on the Battle of the Marne and an introduction by
Churchill dated 1 July 1930 was published in 1931 by Thornton Butterworth. Clementine Churchill on tour was told by a Singapore bookshop that sales of the abridged edition had "gone very
635:
Churchill points out that he went to Paris to discuss Russia not to attend the Peace
Conference, though he asked Wilson for a decision on the Russian item when it came up, rather than a continuation of "aimless unorganised bloodshed" until Wilson returned. There are chapters on Russia, Poland,
606:
This volume starts with the Allied High Command at the beginning of 1916, and the combatants evenly matched for a prolonged struggle. There are chapters on Verdun, Jutland, the Somme, the Roumanian disaster, the removal of Foch and Joffre after the Somme (Nivelle replacing the latter as French
750:
Churchill was a prolific writer, particularly (as he did not have a private income) when out of Parliament (1922–24), or out of office so needed to supplement a backbench MPs salary. The Churchills literally "lived from book to book, and from one article to the next". In his two years out of
581:
in 1908, which led to talks between the British and French General Staffs over concerted action in the event of war. "Algeciras was a milestone on the road to Armageddon." (pp. 32–33) Again over Agadir and the French in Morocco in 1911 Germany was "prepared to go to the very edge of the
689:
for 3/9d "a miracle of mass production" (so) "for the first time the working people would hear my side of the (Gallipoli) tale" but it did not sell. The hoped-for sales of 150,000 copies would have returned over £1000 in royalties. In 2005 an abridgement with an introduction by
640:
that he was "the most militaristic of British leaders" and "an opponent of the League" (of Nations). Rhodes comments that The Aftermath contains "the most ferocious denunciations of (Bolshevik) Russia: ... poisoned ... infected ... a plague-bearing Russia ... armed hordes".
857:, which he had established, also sent there. They were mainly untrained naval recruits, and he was criticised when over 2,500 were interned or became casualties, but they had prolonged the defence of Antwerp for several days, perhaps a week, and they almost certainly enabled
873:
in the latter case). Cabinet was reluctant to make a firm decision, and only minimal shipping was supplied for supplies to Russia, but more shipping was available. In both cases, a "single-minded man" was able to carry his views further than in more normal conditions.
467:
writes: "For all its pitfalls as history, The World Crisis must surely stand as Churchill’s masterpiece. After it, anything must appear as anticlimax". Rhodes James further comments, "Churchill’s literary work showed a certain decline in the 1930s" and that his
451:
is analytical and, in some parts, a justification by Churchill of his role in the war. Churchill denied it was a "history," describing the work in Vol. 2 as "a contribution to history of which note should be taken together with other accounts."
627:
The Preface says it is mainly concerned with reactions outside the Peace Conference in the "halls of Paris and Versailles" though there are chapters on the conference, the League of Nations and the Peace Treaties. Churchill indicts the
586:
Scarborough and Whitby by the German battle-cruiser squadron when nearly 500 civilians were killed; there was "much indignation at the failure of the Navy but the Navy could not explain for fear of compromising our secret information".
649:
The last volume to be published tells (according to the preface) of the conflict between Russia and the two Teutonic empires and the agonies of Central Europe, arising in Vienna. The struggle starts with Bosnia, the
868:
The Dardanelles campaign, which was originally to be a naval assault, and Intervention against the Bolshevist forces in Russia were both supported halfheartedly by Cabinet and the often-absent Prime Minister
618:
This volume was originally published in two parts. In subsequent editions these were labelled as Volumes III and IV, so that the original structure of five volumes in six physical books became six volumes.
1384:
794:
earned him $ 20,633.10 after deducting Curtis Brown’s commissions. Manchester said he wrote "superb copy" hence was one of the world’s most highly paid writers. In 1931 his writing income was £33,500.
497:, and with advances from his English and American publishers, he told a guest in 1921 that it was exhilarating to write for half a crown a word (a pound for eight words). The title was settled as
1374:
594:
1915 is described as a "year of ill-fortune to the cause of the Allies", starting with the Deadlock in the West, mention of Tanks and Smoke, and ending with the Dardanelles campaign (
441:, published in six volumes (technically five, as Volume III was published in two parts). Published between 1923 and 1931: in many respects it prefigures his better-known multivolume
1974:
1715:
790:
royalties and a small legacy from a cousin Lord Herbert Vane-Tempest. "Chartwell" was purchased for £5,000, but with dry rot the rebuilding cost £18,000. The American edition of
1447:
415:
2032:
1770:
1727:
846:
The three actions for which he was most criticised were the Defence of Antwerp in 1914, the Dardanelles campaign in 1915 and the intervention in Russia in 1919 and 1920.
390:
1968:
1797:
1775:
636:
Ireland, Greece and Turkey, with an Appendix on the Cairo Conference, Iraq, and "the Pacification of the Middle East". He denies the claim by Wilson’s assistant
578:
1369:
1426:
1636:
1341:
849:
Churchill had arrived in Antwerp on 3 October 1914, arriving in "undress Trinity House uniform". The Government had despatched the Royal Marine Brigade to
1739:
1890:
1839:
1705:
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sold 80,551 copies, and brought him £58,846 from royalties which were between 30% and 33%. He purchased his house "Chartwell" in 1922 from £20,000 of
744:
651:
476:
375:
2037:
1744:
2022:
1452:
1401:
162:
1792:
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1480:
530:
177:
890:
839:
328:
2027:
1722:
1379:
172:
167:
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552:. The reception was generally good, but an unnamed colleague said, "Winston has written an enormous book about himself, and called it
401:
368:
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1944:
1700:
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2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1880:
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1962:
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in America. The first (American) advances enabled him to purchase a new Rolls-Royce in August 1921. In 1922, he had purchased
1601:
1520:
815:
408:
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Volume III of The World Crisis may have to historical value" although they "didn’t amount to much" according to Manchester.
1849:
1622:
681:
573:
Although nominally starting in 1911 when Churchill became head of the Admiralty, the narrative commences in 1870 with the
522:
276:
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and ends with Turkey and the Balkans. Churchill comments on German "threats of war" over recognition by Serbia of the
266:
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198:
1421:
1932:
1629:
1327:
1926:
1693:
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548:, a large house requiring expensive repairs and rebuilding. He justified his position and actions such as on the
213:
1464:
339:
286:
721:
criticised the concentration on public lives rather than Strachey’s interest in motivation and private lives.
1956:
1950:
1512:
157:
1844:
1442:
537:
256:
193:
80:
1885:
1833:
1560:
1310:
663:
313:
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parliament he edited collections of his speeches and earned £13,200 from 33 articles in magazines: the
1303:
1908:
1552:
854:
629:
549:
1855:
1677:
1615:
1205:
710:
612:
574:
464:
120:
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precipice", and was surprised by the British reaction (the Mansion House speech of Lloyd George).
1920:
1750:
1225:
870:
714:
667:
637:
456:
323:
296:
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218:
203:
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20:
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assisted from 1929. Later in the 1930s his assistants included John Wheldon, Maurice Ashley and
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1213:
659:
434:
349:
344:
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291:
208:
135:
49:
35:
1733:
1282:
655:
308:
281:
60:
517:. The question of copyright and of quoting confidential government documents was raised by
1914:
1875:
1817:
718:
506:
438:
240:
188:
70:
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said he was reading Churchill’s "autobiography disguised as a history of the universe".
1980:
1869:
1249:
819:
706:
691:
557:
104:
1996:
1827:
1536:
1496:
223:
1643:
853:, arriving there on 4 October. Churchill had the 1st and 2nd Naval Brigades of the
1938:
709:
saying the second volume was "far and away the best war-book I’ve yet read" and
729:
between triumph and disaster at the Dardanelles evoked some new evaluations."
1217:
713:
wrote after reading the fourth volume of his gratitude, admiration and envy.
1822:
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518:
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and the House of Habsburg; and ends with the ruin of all three houses:
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from October 1911 to May 1915. From May 1915, he had the sinecure of
686:
1319:
1230:
The Last Lion, Winston Spencer Churchill: Visions of Glory 1874–1932
487:
The news he was writing about the war was all over London; he chose
533:, had already used such documents in writing their own memoirs.
1323:
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as being too harsh and predicts it will cause future problems.
1028:
1026:
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40:
Cover page of Volume II (Thornton Butterworth Limited, 1923)
914:
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814:
check his facts and Eddie Marsh his grammar and spelling.
1251:
The Last Lion, Winston Spencer Churchill: Alone 1932–1940
602:
Volume III: 1916–1918 (published 1927, in Parts I and II)
536:
Successive volumes were published from 1923 to 1931 by
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623:
Volume IV: The Aftermath 1918–1922 (published 1929)
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45:
1248:
1018:The World Crisis by Winston Churchill: A Criticism
830:Churchill in the First World War and its aftermath
685:distributed a cheap two-volume edition printed by
16:Winston Churchill's account of the First World War
1255:. Vol. II. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
761:Strand Magazine, Nash’s Pall Mall, English Life
493:for the serial rights rather than the magazine
1335:
579:Austrian annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
409:
8:
1188:
1176:
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1152:
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1032:
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645:Volume V: The Eastern Front (published 1931)
26:
1637:Never was so much owed by so many to so few
694:was published by the Free Press, New York.
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34:
25:
2033:Series of history books about World War I
1583:A History of the English-Speaking Peoples
477:A History of the English-Speaking Peoples
376:A History of the English-Speaking Peoples
1210:Churchill: A Study in Failure, 1900–1939
705:Reaction was generally favourable, with
1232:. Vol. I. London: Michael Joseph.
882:
798:serialised four of the five volumes of
670:of 1917 Russia withdraws from the war.
114:
1957:Jennie Jerome, Lady Randolph Churchill
1706:Schools and higher education (various)
1482:The Story of the Malakand Field Force
1465:Churchill's third ministry, 1951–1955
1212:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
7:
891:"The Books of Sir Winston Churchill"
840:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
802:, and excerpts also appeared in the
569:Volume I: 1911–1914 (published 1923)
480:have more of a rhetorical note than
248:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1569:"Are There Men on the Moon?" (1942)
1020:(1927; Hutchinson & Co, London)
1460:Churchill caretaker ministry, 1945
14:
1728:Mishkenot Sha'ananim bust, Israel
1711:Boulevard in Mississauga, Ontario
1663:Bibliography of Winston Churchill
1443:Churchill war ministry, 1940–1945
753:Empire Review, Pearson’s Magazine
23:by a different Winston Churchill.
1506:London to Ladysmith via Pretoria
590:Volume II: 1915 (published 1923)
389:
383:
119:
2038:History books about World War I
1881:1940 British war cabinet crisis
1673:International Churchill Society
1546:Marlborough: His Life and Times
521:, but other authors, including
2023:Book series introduced in 1923
1975:Frances Anne Spencer-Churchill
1678:Churchill War Rooms and Museum
1602:A total and unmitigated defeat
1304:Volume III: 1916–1918, Part II
503:Sea Power and the World Crisis
1:
1623:We shall fight on the beaches
1385:"Wilderness" years, 1929–1939
1299:Volume III: 1916–1918, Part I
277:We shall fight on the beaches
1689:Churchill College, Cambridge
1609:Blood, toil, tears and sweat
1247:Manchester, William (1988).
1863:Terminological inexactitude
836:First Lord of the Admiralty
765:Sunday Chronicle, John Bull
459:wrote: "His masterpiece is
262:British invasion of Iceland
230:Chancellor of the Exchequer
199:National Insurance Act 1911
2054:
2028:Books by Winston Churchill
1850:St Martin's Church, Bladon
1630:This was their finest hour
18:
1891:Honorary U.S. citizenship
1694:Churchill Archives Centre
1683:National Churchill Museum
1585:(1956–1958, four volumes)
1548:(1933–1938, four volumes)
1532:(1923–1931, five volumes)
214:Irish War of Independence
33:
1577:(1948–1953, six volumes)
1375:Liberal Party, 1904–1924
782:The British editions of
455:His American biographer
287:Allied invasion of Italy
128:This article is part of
19:Not to be confused with
1951:Lord Randolph Churchill
1522:Lord Randolph Churchill
1392:World War II, 1939–1945
743:began as a response to
542:Charles Scribner’s Sons
85:Charles Scribner’s Sons
2018:1931 non-fiction books
2013:1929 non-fiction books
2008:1927 non-fiction books
2003:1923 non-fiction books
1969:John Spencer-Churchill
1845:Siege of Sidney Street
1370:In politics, 1900–1939
652:murder of the Archduke
194:Siege of Sidney Street
1886:Bengal famine of 1943
1834:Operation Unthinkable
1771:Palace of Westminster
1562:Arms and the Covenant
1397:Later life, 1945–1965
1380:Chancellor, 1924–1929
1365:Early life, 1874–1904
329:1945 general election
1909:Clementine Churchill
1575:The Second World War
1554:Great Contemporaries
1514:Ian Hamilton's March
1206:Rhodes James, Robert
895:winstonchurchill.org
855:Royal Naval Division
668:Bolshevik Revolution
630:Treaty of Versailles
550:Dardanelles Campaign
538:Thornton Butterworth
444:The Second World War
369:The Second World War
319:Caretaker Government
81:Thornton Butterworth
1856:Sword of Stalingrad
1745:Cultural depictions
1740:Sutherland portrait
1616:Be ye men of valour
1316:at Chartwell Books.
1289:Volume I: 1911–1914
1226:Manchester, William
711:John Maynard Keynes
613:Battle of Caporetto
575:Franco-Prussian War
515:The Great Amphibian
465:Robert Rhodes James
235:1926 General Strike
30:
1933:Marigold Churchill
1921:Randolph Churchill
1840:Political ideology
1751:Churchillian Drift
1685:(Fulton, Missouri)
1167:, p. xiv, xv.
933:, p. 309,310.
715:Malcolm Muggeridge
638:Ray Stannard Baker
457:William Manchester
437:'s account of the
324:Potsdam Conference
297:Operation Overlord
219:Anglo-Irish Treaty
204:Gallipoli campaign
184:Liberal Government
158:Conservative Party
21:The Crisis (novel)
1990:
1989:
1945:Winston Churchill
1806:
1805:
1776:Parliament Square
1427:Death and funeral
1402:Electoral history
1351:Winston Churchill
1277:The full text of
1189:Rhodes James 1970
1177:Rhodes James 1970
1165:Rhodes James 1970
1153:Rhodes James 1970
1141:Rhodes James 1970
1033:Rhodes James 1970
982:Rhodes James 1970
931:Rhodes James 1970
897:. 17 October 2008
698:The reception of
674:Abridged versions
435:Winston Churchill
426:
425:
350:Malayan Emergency
345:Mau Mau rebellion
292:Tehran Conference
209:Russian Civil War
163:Electoral history
145:
144:
137:Winston Churchill
110:
109:
101:Publication place
50:Winston Churchill
2045:
1798:Washington, D.C.
1758:
1734:The Roaring Lion
1530:The World Crisis
1344:
1337:
1330:
1321:
1313:The World Crisis
1283:Internet Archive
1279:The World Crisis
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1119:, p. 766-7.
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1071:, p. 770-4.
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948:, p. 767-8.
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824:The World Crisis
804:Sunday Chronicle
800:The World Crisis
792:The World Crisis
788:The World Crisis
784:The World Crisis
741:The World Crisis
735:The World Crisis
700:The World Crisis
554:The World Crisis
499:The World Crisis
482:The World Crisis
461:The World Crisis
449:The World Crisis
430:The World Crisis
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362:The World Crisis
309:Yalta Conference
282:Atlantic Charter
141:
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92:Publication date
38:
31:
28:The World Crisis
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1993:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1927:Sarah Churchill
1915:Diana Churchill
1895:
1876:Tonypandy riots
1818:Blenheim Palace
1802:
1756:
1701:Memorial Trusts
1655:
1649:
1589:
1469:
1431:
1353:
1348:
1294:Volume II: 1915
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1129:Manchester 1988
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1123:
1117:Manchester 1983
1115:
1111:
1105:Manchester 1983
1103:
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1093:Manchester 1983
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1081:Manchester 1988
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1069:Manchester 1983
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1057:Manchester 1983
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1045:Manchester 1983
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1006:Manchester 1983
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994:Manchester 1988
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970:Manchester 1983
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958:Manchester 1983
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946:Manchester 1983
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937:
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919:Manchester 1988
917:
910:
900:
898:
889:
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865:to be secured.
832:
769:Weekly Despatch
757:Daily Chronicle
738:
733:The writing of
719:Lytton Strachey
703:
676:
647:
625:
604:
592:
571:
566:
540:in England and
507:Geoffrey Dawson
439:First World War
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241:British Gazette
231:
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189:Tonypandy riots
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178:MP for Woodford
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71:First World War
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2015:
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1985:
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1981:Leonard Jerome
1978:
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1966:
1963:Jack Churchill
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1983:(grandfather)
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1492:(1899 novel)
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1417:Racial views
1407:As a painter
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1311:Editions of
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1939:Mary Soames
1453:conferences
1412:As a writer
679:well". The
471:Marlborough
335:Second Term
1997:Categories
1947:(grandson)
1941:(daughter)
1935:(daughter)
1929:(daughter)
1917:(daughter)
1656:depictions
1654:Legacy and
1436:Ministries
1198:References
773:Daily Mail
745:Lord Esher
267:Home Guard
252:First Term
1965:(brother)
1823:Chartwell
1218:297179446
878:Footnotes
796:The Times
596:Gallipoli
546:Chartwell
531:Kitchener
519:Bonar Law
511:The Times
490:The Times
96:1923–1931
77:Publisher
1959:(mother)
1953:(father)
1781:Woodford
1594:Speeches
1474:Writings
1448:timeline
1422:His pets
1228:(1983).
1208:(1970).
660:Habsburg
527:Jellicoe
57:Language
1811:Related
1793:Toronto
1767:London
1761:Statues
1668:Honours
1490:Savrola
1281:at the
901:May 27,
859:Dunkirk
851:Antwerp
656:Romanov
564:Volumes
340:Cabinet
272:Dunkirk
257:Cabinet
67:Subject
61:English
1911:(wife)
1901:Family
1716:others
1564:(1938)
1556:(1937)
1540:(1930)
1524:(1906)
1516:(1900)
1508:(1900)
1500:(1899)
1484:(1898)
1259:
1236:
1216:
863:Calais
771:, the
767:, the
763:, the
759:, the
755:, the
687:Odhams
523:Fisher
314:VE Day
46:Author
1923:(son)
1788:Paris
356:Books
302:D-Day
1358:Life
1257:ISBN
1234:ISBN
1214:OCLC
903:2017
861:and
775:and
717:and
662:and
529:and
474:and
83:and
826:".
556:."
509:of
433:is
1999::
1285::
1025:^
938:^
911:^
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1343:e
1336:t
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1220:.
905:.
869:(
417:e
410:t
403:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
