62:
143:, the inventor of the modern clarinet fingering system. Klosé invented a system for the clarinet that today is the standard nearly worldwide (except Austria, Germany and others). Boehm was his inspiration, and so Klosé named the new system the Boehm system just like the modern western flute. The Boehm system clarinet and flute are not exactly the same. If one plays the clarinet with the register key on, the fingerings are the same as the flute when the flute is in the lower and middle register. The main differences between the fingering systems of Boehm system clarinets and flutes are
20:
77:
in the family of goldsmith Carl
Friedrich Böhm and Anna Franziska, née Sulzbacher, daughter of a court haberdasher. Boehm learned his father's trade of goldsmithing. After making his own flute, he quickly became proficient enough to play in an orchestra at the age of seventeen, and at twenty-one he
309:
115:
Traditional flutes were limited in size because the player had to be able to reach all the tone holes in the span of two hands. By substituting mechanically covered tone holes, Boehm eliminated this limitation, and was able to make larger, deeper flutes, such as the
61:
112:
he recounts having made a flute with moveable tone holes, in order to determine the proper location of each hole for correct intonation—a remarkable piece of metal-working.
78:
was first flautist in the Royal
Bavarian Orchestra. Meanwhile, he experimented with constructing flutes out of many different materials—tropical hardwoods (usually
372:
422:
407:
402:
303:
412:
417:
387:
128:
Some of the flutes he made are still being played. The fingering system he devised has also been adapted to other instruments, such as the
377:
382:
105:("The Flute and Flute-Playing"), a treatise on the acoustical, technical and artistic characteristics of the Boehm system flute.
427:
215:
367:
313:
151:. The clarinet's second register is a twelfth above its lowest register, unlike the flute's which is an octave higher. The B
120:. Boehm was very fond of the alto flute, and recounts a time he was playing it when someone mistook it for a french horn.
397:
93:, he began experimenting on improving the flute in 1832, first patenting his new fingering system in 1847. He published
42:(now known as the "Boehm system"). He was a Bavarian court musician, a virtuoso flautist and a renowned composer.
34:) (9 April 1794 – 25 November 1881) was a German inventor and musician, who greatly improved the modern
337:
158:
148:
108:
Boehm's experience as a goldsmith was a key factor in his ability to redesign the flute. For example, in
392:
74:
35:
299:
362:
357:
90:
331:
97:("On the construction of flutes"), also in 1847. His new flute was first displayed in 1851 at the
82:
wood), silver, gold, nickel and copper—and with changing the positions of the flute's tone holes.
210:
140:
98:
321:
The Flute and Flute-Playing in
Acoustical, Technical, and Artistic Aspects (Kindle Edition)
280:
45:
The fingering system he devised has also been adapted to other instruments, such as the
351:
39:
19:
144:
117:
79:
86:
330:
319:
The Flute and Flute-Playing in
Acoustical, Technical, and Artistic Aspects
242:
The flute and flute-playing in acoustical, technical, and artistic aspects
133:
50:
318:
70:
60:
18:
129:
46:
324:
23:
Theobald Böhm, photograph by Franz
Hanfstaengl, ca. 1852.
269:edited by Stanley Sadie, volume 3, pages 777-778
310:Alto flute, Boehm and Mendler, Munich, ca. 1880
267:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
240:Böhm, Theobald; Dayton Clarence Miller (1964).
65:Theobald Böhm portrayed by Michael Brandmüller.
8:
304:International Music Score Library Project
182:Fantasie sur un air de F. Schubert, Op.21
16:German inventor and musician (1794–1881)
227:
161:, so a C on a clarinet is played as a B
257:
255:
253:
251:
235:
233:
231:
373:People from the Electorate of Bavaria
185:Variations sur un Air Allemand, Op.22
179:Variations sur un air tyrolien, Op.20
7:
423:19th-century German male musicians
194:Andante for Flute and Piano, Op.33
176:Grand Polonaise in D Major, Op. 16
14:
285:. London: Rudall, Carte & Co.
408:19th-century classical composers
403:German musical instrument makers
413:German male classical composers
216:Justus Johannes Heinrich Ribock
314:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1:
418:19th-century German composers
388:19th-century German inventors
325:On the construction of flutes
300:Free scores by Theobald Boehm
191:Souvenir des Alpes, Opp.27–32
103:Die Flöte und das Flötenspiel
279:Welch, Christopher (1883).
110:The Flute and Flute-Playing
444:
378:German classical flautists
282:History of the Boehm flute
101:. In 1871 Boehm published
383:German Romantic composers
261:Philip Bate/Ludwig Böhm,
188:24 Caprices-etudes, Op.26
428:20th-century flautists
338:Encyclopedia Americana
332:"Böhm, Theobald"
159:transposing instrument
66:
24:
368:Musicians from Munich
244:. Dover Publications.
75:Electorate of Bavaria
64:
36:Western concert flute
22:
91:University of Munich
398:Composers for flute
95:Über den Flötenbau
67:
25:
99:London Exhibition
435:
342:
334:
287:
286:
276:
270:
259:
246:
245:
237:
197:24 Etudes, Op.37
166:
165:
156:
155:
40:fingering system
443:
442:
438:
437:
436:
434:
433:
432:
348:
347:
329:
296:
291:
290:
278:
277:
273:
263:Boehm, Theobald
260:
249:
239:
238:
229:
224:
211:Friedrich DĂĽlon
207:
173:
163:
162:
153:
152:
141:Hyacinthe Klosé
126:
85:After studying
59:
17:
12:
11:
5:
441:
439:
431:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
350:
349:
344:
343:
327:
322:
316:
307:
295:
294:External links
292:
289:
288:
271:
247:
226:
225:
223:
220:
219:
218:
213:
206:
203:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
172:
171:Selected works
169:
167:on the flute.
157:clarinet is a
125:
122:
58:
57:Life and works
55:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
440:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
353:
346:
340:
339:
333:
328:
326:
323:
320:
317:
315:
311:
308:
305:
301:
298:
297:
293:
284:
283:
275:
272:
268:
264:
258:
256:
254:
252:
248:
243:
236:
234:
232:
228:
221:
217:
214:
212:
209:
208:
204:
200:Elégie, Op.47
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
170:
168:
160:
150:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
123:
121:
119:
113:
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
81:
76:
72:
63:
56:
54:
52:
48:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
28:Theobald Böhm
21:
393:Flute makers
345:
336:
281:
274:
266:
262:
241:
139:He inspired
138:
127:
114:
109:
107:
102:
94:
84:
68:
44:
31:
27:
26:
363:1881 deaths
358:1794 births
145:overblowing
352:Categories
222:References
118:alto flute
80:Grenadilla
87:acoustics
205:See also
164:♭
154:♭
134:clarinet
132:and the
69:Born in
51:clarinet
49:and the
38:and its
341:. 1920.
306:(IMSLP)
302:at the
89:at the
73:in the
124:Legacy
71:Munich
32:Boehm
147:and
130:oboe
47:oboe
30:(or
312:at
265:in
149:key
354::
335:.
250:^
230:^
136:.
53:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
