1701:
20:
2017:
1060:
1045:
1688:
1052:
1695:
85:
is Greek for "socket-tooth", referring to the fact that thecodont teeth were set in sockets in the jawbones; an archosaurian characteristic that was inherited by the dinosaurs. While the taxon
Thecodontia is obsolete, the term
90:
remains in use as an anatomical description of teeth in bony sockets; in addition to species formerly in this group (such as crocodiles and dinosaurs), mammals also possess thecodont dentition, which evolved independently.
238:
attempted to define
Thecodontia within a cladistic framework, containing crocodilians and haemothermata (mammals and birds), thus giving the old name to a new concept. All more recent cladistic studies (e.g.,
284:
Gauthier, J., 1986. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. In: K. Padian, ed. The Origin of Birds and the
Evolution of Flight. Memoirs California Academy of Sciences 8. pp. 1–55
247:. As the association of the name with the outdated concept proved to be very strong, it is now considered a historical term only, and its current usage has been abandoned.
227:(of uncertain placement), while retaining the other three suborders. This is the last major textbook that still recognizes the taxon Thecodontia, as it uses a traditional
53:
period. All of them were built somewhat like crocodiles but with shorter skulls, more erect pose and usually somewhat lighter. The group includes the ancestors of
342:
177:
was simply a catch-all term for any species that didn't fit in one of the other three sub-orders. Pseudosuchia as used in recent literature is a
305:
2041:
205:
2046:
288:
2061:
243:
1986) have confirmed that
Thecodontia as construed by Gardiner is a polyphyletic taxon, the members of which are not united by any
114:
group (they include among their descendants animals that are not thecodonts), the term is no longer used as a formal name by most
38:(meaning 'socket-teeth'), now considered an obsolete taxonomic grouping, was formerly used to describe a diverse "order" of early
159:
300:
335:
1700:
2056:
169:
118:, but it can still be found in older (and even fairly recent) books as a convenient shorthand for the basal archosaurs.
235:
2020:
328:
2051:
1619:
1510:
1044:
994:
81:(an opening on each side of the skull between the eye sockets and the nostrils) and teeth in sockets. The name
1687:
943:
1694:
1059:
969:
1648:
1051:
154:
99:
1551:
69:
is still used as an anatomical description of the tooth morphology seen in these species and others.
439:
78:
1984:
853:
722:
666:
228:
200:
150:
95:
1091:
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609:
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518:
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65:, as well as a number of extinct forms that did not give rise to any descendants. The term
1979:
1913:
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1608:
1499:
1301:
1292:
1187:
1173:
831:
766:
750:
703:
538:
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173:). Of these, only phytosaurs and aetosaurs constitute monophyletic groups, and the term
1994:
1573:
1478:
1428:
1337:
1203:
932:
908:
796:
711:
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559:
223:
115:
19:
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1989:
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1943:
1748:
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1462:
1438:
1315:
1262:
1232:
1225:
1163:
1153:
984:
846:
839:
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589:
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134:
1969:
1810:
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1344:
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244:
146:
128:
111:
107:
1974:
1923:
1903:
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1873:
1863:
1853:
1833:
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1367:
1351:
1308:
1218:
1196:
1112:
958:
887:
817:
759:
218:
39:
315:
77:
Thecodonts are characterized by certain shared primitive features, such as the
1893:
1823:
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1132:
1122:
1001:
824:
810:
773:
659:
624:
549:
424:
381:
210:
190:
98:" for any archosaur other than a crocodilian, a pterosaur, or a dinosaur (any
62:
1934:
1798:
1563:
1540:
1388:
1330:
1247:
918:
870:
696:
186:
182:
138:
58:
29:
375:
142:
54:
50:
24:
390:
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Five types of tooth implanting in non-mammals, including thecodont type
46:
42:
1843:
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369:
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103:
18:
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194:
1716:
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486:
362:
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153:
intended to be paraphyletic to all later archosaurs (see e.g.,
137:(early primitive forms, another paraphyletic assemblage),
28:, one of the aquatic and superficially crocodile-like
193:) that are more closely related to crocodilians than
110:
taxa as natural groups, and because thecodonts are a
94:
They constitute an evolutionary grade of animals, a "
1919:
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619:
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141:(large crocodile-like semi-aquatic animals), the
277:Gardiner, BG (1982). Tetrapod classification.
336:
8:
49:period and flourished until the end of the
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1713:
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1533:
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1373:
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1086:
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343:
329:
321:
234:In his 1982 thesis on amniote phylogeny,
274:, John Wiley & Sons Inc (2nd ed.)
265:Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
206:Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
133:was divided into four suborders, the
126:Traditionally, the order Thecodontia
7:
209:(1988), replaces Pseudosuchia with
45:that first appeared in the latest
14:
312: (archived November 26, 2010)
2016:
2015:
1699:
1693:
1686:
1058:
1050:
1043:
267:, W. H. Freeman and Co. New York
221:), and the traditional category
217:and non-dinosaur, non-pterosaur
316:Dinosaurs of Rio grande do Sul.
189:, or all archosaurs (including
145:(armoured herbivores), and the
245:shared derived characteristics
1:
2042:Prehistoric reptile taxonomy
289:Stem Archosauria—TaxonSearch
272:Evolution of the Vertebrates
231:derived from that of Romer.
213:, Ornithosuchia (containing
170:Evolution of the Vertebrates
2047:Prehistoric tetrapod orders
2078:
279:Zool. J. Linn. Soc. London
16:Obsolete order of reptiles
2011:
1723:
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1041:
879:
633:
510:
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432:
419:
358:
301:Evolution Wiki: Thecodont
2062:Obsolete vertebrate taxa
102:archosaur). Because the
260:, Blackwell Science Ltd
258:Vertebrate Paleontology
229:Linnaean based taxonomy
160:Vertebrate Paleontology
32:
263:Carroll, R. L. 1988,
155:Alfred Sherwood Romer
22:
287:Sereno, P. C. 2005.
270:Colbert, E H. 1969,
256:Benton, M. J. 1997,
2057:Paraphyletic groups
79:antorbital fenestra
1985:Ichthyosauromorpha
1975:Drepanosauromorpha
104:cladistic paradigm
33:
2029:
2028:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1708:
1707:
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1361:
1360:
1068:
1067:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
864:
863:
854:Sharovipterygidae
723:Sharovipterygidae
667:Dinocephalosaurus
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
151:wastebasket taxon
132:
122:Taxonomic history
96:wastebasket taxon
2069:
2019:
2018:
1963:Possible members
1921:
1911:
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1891:
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1841:
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1171:
1161:
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1079:Archosauriformes
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1062:
1055:
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1047:
1013:Archosauriformes
983:
957:
931:
916:
906:
898:Cryptovaranoides
895:
885:
877:
804:Langobardisaurus
690:Protanystropheus
651:Trachelosauridae
631:
623:
610:Vritramimosaurus
607:
597:
587:
577:
570:Mecistotrachelos
567:
557:
547:
536:
526:
519:Aenigmastropheus
516:
508:
502:Archosauromorpha
497:
489:Archosauromorpha
484:
452:Archosauromorpha
430:
421:
414:
413:
360:
352:Archosauromorpha
345:
338:
331:
322:
241:Jacques Gauthier
179:stem-based taxon
165:Edwin H. Colbert
127:
106:only recognises
2077:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2052:Archosauriforms
2032:
2031:
2030:
2025:
1999:
1980:Kuehneosauridae
1958:
1929:
1914:Vjushkovisaurus
1804:
1779:Protecovasaurus
1719:
1704:
1685:
1661:
1632:
1620:Avemetatarsalia
1609:Avemetatarsalia
1603:
1558:
1530:
1517:
1511:Proterochampsia
1500:Proterochampsia
1491:
1454:
1370:
1357:
1302:Bharitalasuchus
1293:Erythrosuchidae
1284:
1254:
1188:Proterosuchidae
1179:
1174:Syntomiprosopus
1094:
1081:
1064:
1057:
1049:
1027:
1007:
976:
950:
924:
873:
860:
832:Sclerostropheus
767:Augustaburiania
751:Tanystropheidae
745:
717:
704:Sclerostropheus
645:
627:
615:
539:Elachistosuchus
504:
491:
466:
446:
415:
365:
364:
354:
349:
310:Wayback Machine
297:
253:
215:Ornithosuchidae
124:
116:paleontologists
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11:
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2009:
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1995:Thalattosauria
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1718:Related topics
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1574:Incertae sedis
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1513:
1504:
1502:
1493:
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1479:Halazhaisuchus
1475:
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1429:Marcianosuchus
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1381:
1371:
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1338:Guchengosuchus
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1204:Chasmatosuchus
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944:Allokotosauria
937:
935:
933:Allokotosauria
926:
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923:
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912:
909:Tasmaniosaurus
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836:
828:
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797:Gwyneddosaurus
793:
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763:
755:
753:
747:
746:
744:
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736:
728:
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712:Trachelosaurus
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580:Prolacertoides
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560:Malutinisuchus
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295:External links
293:
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236:Brian Gardiner
224:incertae sedis
203:, in his book
201:Robert Carroll
181:that includes
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2014:
2013:
2010:
1996:
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1990:Sauropterygia
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1986:
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1981:
1978:
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1749:Lucianosaurus
1743:
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1698:
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1600:
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1587:Sikannisuchus
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1463:Euparkeriidae
1457:
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1439:Polymorphodon
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1316:Erythrosuchus
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1263:Protopyknosia
1257:
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1245:
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1241:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1233:Samsarasuchus
1230:
1228:
1227:
1226:Proterosuchus
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1164:Sarmatosuchus
1158:
1156:
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1154:Koilamasuchus
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1016:
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1004:
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989:
986:
985:Prolacertidae
979:
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970:Rhynchosauria
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855:
851:
849:
848:
847:Tanytrachelos
844:
842:
841:
840:Tanystropheus
837:
834:
833:
829:
827:
826:
822:
820:
819:
815:
813:
812:
808:
806:
805:
801:
799:
798:
794:
791:
790:
789:Gracilicollum
786:
783:
782:
778:
776:
775:
771:
769:
768:
764:
762:
761:
757:
756:
754:
752:
748:
742:
741:
740:Sharovipteryx
737:
735:
734:
730:
729:
727:
724:
720:
714:
713:
709:
706:
705:
701:
699:
698:
694:
692:
691:
687:
684:
683:
682:Gracilicollum
679:
676:
675:
671:
669:
668:
664:
662:
661:
657:
656:
654:
652:
648:
641:
640:
639:Jesairosaurus
636:
635:
632:
629:
626:
618:
612:
611:
604:
602:
601:
594:
592:
591:
590:Protorosaurus
584:
582:
581:
574:
572:
571:
564:
562:
561:
554:
552:
551:
544:
541:
540:
533:
531:
530:
523:
521:
520:
513:
512:
509:
506:
503:
498:
494:
490:
485:
481:
460:
459:
458:
457:
455:
453:
449:
441:
437:
436:
435:
434:
431:
428:
426:
422:
418:
410:
409:Archelosauria
406:
403:
401:
397:
394:
392:
388:
385:
383:
379:
377:
373:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
353:
346:
341:
339:
334:
332:
327:
326:
323:
317:
314:
311:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
280:
276:
273:
269:
266:
262:
259:
255:
254:
250:
248:
246:
242:
237:
232:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:Proterosuchia
130:
121:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
92:
89:
84:
80:
72:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:
37:
31:
27:
26:
21:
1970:Choristodera
1953:
1935:Paraphyletic
1922:
1912:
1902:
1892:
1882:
1872:
1862:
1852:
1842:
1832:
1822:
1811:Nomina dubia
1809:
1797:
1787:
1777:
1769:Palaeosaurus
1767:
1759:Tecovasaurus
1757:
1747:
1739:Crosbysaurus
1737:
1692:
1655:crocodilians
1649:Pseudosuchia
1638:Pseudosuchia
1596:
1585:
1572:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1447:
1437:
1427:
1419:Litorosuchus
1417:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1350:
1345:Shansisuchus
1343:
1336:
1329:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1277:
1270:
1246:
1240:Tsylmosuchus
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1202:
1195:
1172:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1131:
1121:
1111:
1048:
1000:
993:
917:
907:
896:
886:
852:
845:
838:
830:
823:
816:
809:
802:
795:
787:
781:Fuyuansaurus
779:
772:
765:
758:
738:
731:
710:
702:
695:
688:
680:
674:Fuyuansaurus
672:
665:
658:
637:
608:
600:Rhombopholis
598:
588:
578:
568:
558:
548:
537:
529:Czatkowiella
527:
517:
404:
395:
386:
281:74: 207–232.
278:
271:
264:
257:
233:
222:
204:
199:
191:crocodilians
175:Pseudosuchia
174:
168:
158:
147:Pseudosuchia
125:
112:paraphyletic
108:monophyletic
93:
87:
82:
76:
66:
63:crocodilians
40:archosaurian
35:
34:
23:
1954:Thecodontia
1924:Wangisuchus
1904:Microcnemus
1884:Fenhosuchus
1874:Exilisuchus
1864:Collilongus
1854:Blomosuchus
1834:Ankistrodon
1789:Uatchitodon
1564:Archosauria
1552:Phytosauria
1541:Phytosauria
1409:Heteropelta
1368:Eucrocopoda
1352:Uralosaurus
1309:Chalishevia
1219:Jaikosuchus
1197:Archosaurus
1113:Antarctanax
888:Boreopricea
818:Macrocnemus
760:Amotosaurus
219:Ornithodira
139:Phytosauria
36:Thecodontia
2036:Categories
1894:Megacnemus
1824:Albisaurus
1728:Tooth taxa
1528:Crurotarsi
1486:Osmolskina
1472:Euparkeria
1449:Vancleavea
1399:Dorosuchus
1323:Fugusuchus
1279:Triopticus
1272:Kranosaura
1212:Gamosaurus
1144:Kalisuchus
1133:Eorasaurus
1123:Cuyosuchus
1022:see below↓
1002:Prolacerta
995:Kadimakara
825:Raibliania
811:Luxisaurus
774:Cosesaurus
660:Austronaga
625:Tanysauria
550:Elessaurus
461:see below↓
440:Sauropsida
425:Sauropsida
382:Sauropsida
251:References
211:Rauisuchia
187:archosaurs
143:Aetosauria
73:Definition
59:pterosaurs
30:phytosaurs
1799:Zanclodon
1653:includes
1624:includes
1389:Asperoris
1331:Garjainia
1248:Vonhuenia
919:Teyujagua
871:Crocopoda
697:Pectodens
368:Kingdom:
183:crocodile
88:thecodont
83:thecodont
67:thecodont
55:dinosaurs
2021:Category
391:Diapsida
376:Chordata
374:Phylum:
370:Animalia
51:Triassic
43:reptiles
25:Rutiodon
380:Class:
308:at the
47:Permian
1937:groups
1844:Avipes
733:Ozimek
400:Sauria
185:-line
131:, 1859
61:, and
1626:birds
405:Clade
396:Clade
387:Clade
195:birds
100:basal
1647:see
1618:see
1598:Smok
1550:see
1509:see
968:see
942:see
438:see
163:and
149:, a
129:Owen
167:'s
157:'s
2038::
407::
398::
389::
197:.
57:,
1920:†
1910:†
1900:†
1890:†
1880:†
1870:†
1860:†
1850:†
1840:†
1830:†
1820:†
1795:†
1785:†
1775:†
1765:†
1755:†
1745:†
1735:†
1594:†
1590:?
1583:†
1538:†
1497:†
1460:†
1445:†
1435:†
1425:†
1415:†
1405:†
1395:†
1385:†
1326:?
1290:†
1260:†
1251:?
1243:?
1207:?
1185:†
1170:†
1160:†
1150:†
1140:†
1136:?
1129:†
1119:†
1109:†
987:?
982:†
956:†
930:†
915:†
905:†
901:?
894:†
884:†
857:?
835:?
792:?
784:?
725:?
707:?
685:?
677:?
642:?
622:†
606:†
596:†
586:†
576:†
566:†
556:†
546:†
542:?
535:†
525:†
515:†
344:e
337:t
330:v
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