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and Theia, those pieces either forming one body that became the Moon or forming two moons that eventually merged to form the Moon. Such accounts assumed that a head-on impact would have destroyed both planets, creating a short-lived second
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Young, E. D.; Kohl, I. E.; Warren, P. H.; Rubie, D. C.; Jacobson, S. A.; Morbidelli, A. (28 January 2016). "Oxygen isotopic evidence for vigorous mixing during the Moon-forming giant impact".
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410:"A 'Big Whack' Formed the Moon and Left Traces Deep in Earth, a Study Suggests - Two enormous blobs deep inside Earth could be remnants of the birth of the moon"
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In contrast, evidence published in
January 2016 suggests that the impact was indeed a head-on collision and that Theia's remains are on Earth and the Moon.
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configuration presented by the Earth–Sun system, where it would tend to remain. If this were the case it might have grown to a size comparable to
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Meier, M. M. M.; Reufer, A.; Wieler, R. (2014). "On the origin and composition of Theia: Constraints from new models of the Giant Impact".
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were found to be very similar in composition to Earth's crust, and so were likely removed from Earth in some violent event.
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Herwartz, D.; Pack, A.; Friedrichs, B.; Bischoff, A. (2014). "Identification of the giant impactor Theia in lunar rocks".
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Initially, the hypothesis supposed that Theia had struck Earth with a glancing blow and ejected many pieces of both the
175:
Animation of collision between Earth (blue) and Theia (black), forming the Moon (red and gray). Bodies are not to scale.
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detected deep in Earth's mantle may be fragments of Theia. In 2023, computer simulations reinforced that hypothesis.
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Reufer, Andreas; Meier, Matthias M. M.; Benz, Willy; Wieler, Rainer (2012). "A hit-and-run giant impact scenario".
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From the beginning of modern astronomy, there have been at least four hypotheses for the origin of the Moon:
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132:, the goddess of the Moon: this story parallels the planet Theia's theorized role in creating the Moon.
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Jutzi, M.; Asphaug, E. (2011). "Forming the lunar farside highlands by accretion of a companion moon".
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in the lower mantle may be remnants of Theia. Theia is hypothesized to have been about the size of
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around 4.5 billion years ago, with some of the resulting ejected debris coalescing to form the
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443:"On the origin and composition of Theia: Constraints from new models of the Giant Impact"
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An artist's depiction of the hypothetical impact of a planet like Theia and the Earth
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386:"Blobs near Earth's core are remnants of collision with another planet, study says"
360:"The Theia Hypothesis: New Evidence Emerges that Earth and Moon Were Once the Same"
256:
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191:, by staying close to one or the other of the Sun-Earth system's two more stable
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799:"Moon was produced by a head-on collision between Earth and a forming planet"
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542:"Selene | Origin and meaning of selene by Online Etymology Dictionary"
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972:"Moon-forming impactor as a source of Earth's basal mantle anomalies"
715:
129:
121:
69:
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920:
Yuan, Qian; Li, Mingming; Desch, Steven J.; Ko, Byeongkwan (2021).
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922:"Giant impact origin for the large low shear velocity provinces"
562:
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could have put it onto a collision course with the early Earth.
152:
93:
85:
2317:
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1038:
27:
Planet hypothesized to have impacted Earth and created the Moon
2397:
711:"New Evidence For 4.5 Billion Year Old Impact Formed Our Moon"
211:
away from that relationship by the gravitational influence of
184:
53:
219:, or both, resulting in a collision between Theia and Earth.
2353:
334:"UCLA Study Shows the Moon is Older Than Previously Thought"
50:
155:, with a diameter of about 6,102 kilometres (3,792 miles).
56:
951:"Why are there continent-sized 'blobs' in the deep Earth?"
559:"STEREO Hunts for Remains of an Ancient Planet near Earth"
255:
The Moon was captured by Earth's gravity (as most of the
1034:
441:
Meier, M. M. M.; Reufer, A.; Wieler, R. (2014-11-01).
4060:
262:
The Earth and Moon formed at the same time when the
3863:
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2518:
2120:
2088:
1993:
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1081:
47:
88:. Collision simulations support the idea that the
501:Rock Legends: The Asteroids and Their Discoverers
2357:
403:
401:
362:. The Daily Galaxy. 2007-07-05. Archived from
2329:
1050:
690:"Faceoff! The Moon's oddly different sides",
140:Theia is hypothesized to have orbited in the
8:
970:Yuan, Qian; et al. (1 November 2023).
929:52nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
704:
702:
3313:
2515:
2511:
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2322:
2314:
1057:
1043:
1035:
128:whom she later married, and the mother of
880:
749:
600:
458:
271:The Theia-impact scenario described above
3855:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules
553:
551:
4132:Hypothetical bodies of the Solar System
4067:
4051:) may be read as "within" or "part of".
3079:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets
324:
252:A single body split into Earth and Moon
231:between the orbits of Venus and Mars.
7:
1020:from the original on 2 November 2023
797:Wolpert, Stuart (January 28, 2016).
422:from the original on 1 November 2023
332:Wolpert, Stuart (January 12, 2017).
275:The lunar rock samples retrieved by
408:Chang, Kenneth (1 November 2023).
287:large low-shear-velocity provinces
90:large low-shear-velocity provinces
25:
2275:Lilith (hypothetical second moon)
4094:
4082:
4070:
3942:
3930:
3918:
2297:
2296:
2238:Moon landing conspiracy theories
1161:
384:Sample, Ian (November 1, 2023).
187:, nearly along the orbit of the
43:
3818:Gravitationally rounded objects
1660:Selenographic coordinate system
2187:Artificial objects on the Moon
949:Gorvett, Zaria (12 May 2022).
259:' smaller moons were captured)
102:provided much of Earth's water
1:
1278:Total penumbral lunar eclipse
309:Phaeton (hypothetical planet)
96:, and may have formed in the
2253:Moon is made of green cheese
1547:Permanently shadowed craters
899:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.003
619:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.021
565:. 2009-04-09. Archived from
477:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.003
3913:Outline of the Solar System
3676:Interplanetary medium/space
709:Nace, Trevor (2016-01-30).
157:Gravitational perturbations
4163:
4127:Hypothetical impact events
3629:Extraterrestrial materials
2180:Craters named after people
1653:Transient lunar phenomenon
1301:Solar eclipses on the Moon
998:10.1038/s41586-023-06589-1
241:
104:, though this is debated.
3949:Earth sciences portal
3908:
3671:Interplanetary dust cloud
2509:
2351:
2291:
1159:
1072:
518:10.1007/978-3-319-31836-3
504:. Springer. p. 178.
3962:Local Interstellar Cloud
2674:other near-Earth objects
285:It is possible that the
207:). Theia was eventually
76:which, according to the
3925:Solar System portal
3651:Giant-impact hypothesis
3258:Trans-Neptunian objects
2201:Moon in science fiction
1706:Giant-impact hypothesis
1554:South Pole–Aitken basin
838:10.1126/science.1251117
768:10.1126/science.aad0525
181:giant impact hypothesis
78:giant-impact hypothesis
3813:Possible dwarf planets
3656:Gravitational collapse
3594:Circumstellar envelope
2393:
2222:futuristic exploration
1745:Late Heavy Bombardment
176:
35:
4022:Laniakea Supercluster
3639:Sample-return mission
2392:
2282:Splitting of the Moon
2194:Memorials on the Moon
1798:Lunar sample displays
1480:Peak of eternal light
696:, August 2014, 44–49.
498:Murdin, Paul (2016).
174:
33:
4137:Hypothetical planets
3937:Astronomy portal
3838:Solar System objects
3584:Circumplanetary disk
183:, Theia orbited the
80:, collided with the
4036:Observable universe
3833:Solar System models
3763:Protoplanetary disk
3686:Interstellar medium
3646:Frost/Ice/Snow line
1782:Lunar laser ranging
990:2023Natur.623...95Y
891:2014Icar..242..316M
830:2014Sci...344.1146H
824:(6188): 1146–1150.
760:2016Sci...351..493Y
662:10.1038/nature10289
654:2011Natur.476...69J
611:2012Icar..221..296R
510:2016rlat.book.....M
469:2014Icar..242..316M
264:protoplanetary disk
4016:Virgo Supercluster
3997:Milky Way subgroup
3828:Natural satellites
3711:Nebular hypothesis
3691:Interstellar space
3681:Interstellar cloud
3589:Circumstellar disc
3179:Near-Earth objects
3063:names and meanings
2394:
1931:Lunisolar calendar
1600:Lunar basalt 70017
1347:Tidal acceleration
1202:Perigee and apogee
1092:Internal structure
415:The New York Times
244:Origin of the Moon
177:
98:outer Solar System
74:early Solar System
36:
4058:
4057:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3876:Lagrangian points
3848:by discovery date
3446:Human spaceflight
3417:historical models
3310:
3309:
2929:S/2015 (136472) 1
2311:
2310:
2261:Natural satellite
1720:Lunar magma ocean
1496:Volcanic features
744:(6272): 493–496.
193:Lagrangian points
179:According to the
16:(Redirected from
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3624:Exozodiacal dust
3314:
3280:Detached objects
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2104:Meridian passage
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1821:Lunar seismology
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1754:Lunar meteorites
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1623:Space weathering
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1188:Orbital elements
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338:scitechdaily.com
329:
304:Nibiru cataclysm
299:Disrupted planet
124:, the sister of
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3895:
3859:
3796:
3780:vs. Hill sphere
3706:Molecular cloud
3634:Sample curation
3614:Detached object
3553:
3546:
3390:
3382:
3319:
3306:
3251:Neptune trojans
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2199:
2192:
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2164:Man in the Moon
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
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2109:
2102:
2095:
2089:Daily phenomena
2084:
2077:
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2056:
2049:
2042:
2037:Super and micro
2035:
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2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1950:
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1936:
1929:
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1912:
1906:
1901:Lunar resources
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1810:
1803:
1796:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1568:
1561:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1478:
1471:
1462:
1455:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1416:
1409:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1374:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1077:
1068:
1063:
1033:
1023:
1021:
984:(7985): 95–99.
969:
968:
964:
948:
947:
943:
933:
931:
924:
919:
918:
914:
866:
865:
861:
815:
814:
810:
796:
795:
791:
735:
734:
730:
721:
719:
708:
707:
700:
689:
685:
648:(7358): 69–72.
639:
638:
634:
586:
585:
581:
572:
570:
557:
556:
549:
540:
539:
535:
528:
497:
496:
492:
440:
439:
435:
425:
423:
407:
406:
399:
383:
382:
378:
369:
367:
358:
357:
353:
343:
341:
331:
330:
326:
322:
295:
246:
240:
206:
202:
169:
149:
145:
138:
120:was one of the
114:Greek mythology
110:
46:
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4160:
4158:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4091:
4079:
4056:
4055:
3952:
3951:
3939:
3927:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3792:Scattered disc
3789:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3577:Excretion disk
3572:Accretion disk
3569:
3564:
3562:Star formation
3558:
3556:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3451:space stations
3443:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3404:
3398:
3396:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3290:Scattered disc
3287:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3077:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2981:
2976:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2529:
2527:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2010:
2002:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1984:Lunar distance
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1934:
1927:
1924:Lunar calendar
1919:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1848:Apollo program
1836:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1630:Micrometeorite
1619:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1607:Changesite-(Y)
1603:
1589:
1586:Wrinkle ridges
1582:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1492:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1435:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1380:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1260:
1253:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1184:
1181:Lunar distance
1176:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1139:
1132:
1129:Magnetic field
1125:
1124:
1123:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1032:
1031:
962:
941:
912:
859:
808:
789:
728:
698:
683:
632:
595:(1): 296–299.
579:
547:
533:
526:
490:
433:
397:
376:
351:
323:
321:
318:
317:
316:
311:
306:
301:
294:
291:
273:
272:
269:
260:
253:
242:Main article:
239:
236:
204:
200:
168:
165:
147:
143:
137:
134:
109:
106:
26:
24:
18:Theia (Planet)
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4159:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4122:Lunar science
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4080:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4064:
4053:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3950:
3940:
3938:
3928:
3926:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3892:
3891:Tidal locking
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3871:Double planet
3869:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3823:Minor planets
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3756:Merging stars
3754:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3358:Subsatellites
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3318:Hypothetical
3315:
3312:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3184:Asteroid belt
3182:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3058:Minor planets
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2268:Double planet
2265:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:Moon illusion
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2129:Lunar deities
2126:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1977:Lunar station
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1953:
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1363:Lunar station
1360:
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1341:
1340:Tidal locking
1337:
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1327:
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1318:
1314:
1309:
1308:Eclipse cycle
1305:
1302:
1298:
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1294:Solar eclipse
1291:
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1282:
1279:
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1272:
1271:Lunar eclipse
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1113:Gravity field
1110:
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1100:
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803:UCLA newsroom
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569:on 2013-11-13
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527:9783319318363
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366:on 2017-06-19
365:
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257:outer planets
254:
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229:asteroid belt
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40:
32:
19:
4117:Solar System
4047:Each arrow (
3969:Local Bubble
3955:Solar System
3953:
3746:Planetesimal
3701:Kuiper cliff
3429:Space probes
3402:Colonization
3362:
3241:Kirkwood gap
3162:Saturn Moons
3075:Planetesimal
2533:Terrestrials
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2422:
2345:Solar System
2136:Lunar effect
1952:Nodal period
1878:Colonization
1712:
1692:Lunar theory
1385:Selenography
1225:Nodal period
1022:. Retrieved
981:
975:
965:
954:
944:
932:. Retrieved
928:
915:
872:
868:
862:
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811:
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792:
741:
737:
731:
720:. Retrieved
714:
691:
686:
645:
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635:
592:
588:
582:
571:. Retrieved
567:the original
536:
500:
493:
450:
446:
436:
424:. Retrieved
413:
391:The Guardian
389:
379:
368:. Retrieved
364:the original
354:
342:. Retrieved
337:
327:
284:
274:
247:
233:
221:
196:
178:
139:
111:
66:hypothesized
38:
37:
4101:Outer space
4089:Spaceflight
4010:Local Sheet
4004:Local Group
3787:Rubble pile
3775:Roche limit
3770:Ring system
3721:Outer space
3696:Kuiper belt
3666:Hill sphere
3661:Hills cloud
3609:Debris disk
3604:Cosmic dust
3388:Exploration
3343:Planet Nine
3328:Fifth giant
3302:Hills cloud
3263:Kuiper belt
3234:exceptional
3150:Trojan camp
2245:Moon Treaty
2229:Hollow Moon
2171:Moon rabbit
2143:Earth phase
1945:Lunar month
1832:Exploration
1776:Experiments
1678:Observation
1540:Ray systems
1405:Hemispheres
1373:Surface and
1354:Tidal range
1333:Tidal force
1136:Sodium tail
1120:Hill sphere
875:: 316–328.
453:: 316–328.
224:proto-Earth
189:proto-Earth
82:early Earth
4111:Categories
4029:Local Hole
3976:Gould Belt
3716:Oort cloud
3552:Formation,
3542:Deep space
3378:Vulcanoids
3295:Oort cloud
3219:first 1000
3155:Greek camp
3053:Meteoroids
3048:Damocloids
2994:Charikloan
2215:Apollo era
2157:Pareidolia
1915:navigation
1637:Sputtering
1517:Lava tubes
1439:South pole
1432:North pole
1392:Terminator
1234:Precession
1150:Earthshine
1106:Atmosphere
1099:Topography
1084:properties
1024:2 November
956:BBC Future
751:1603.04536
722:2016-01-30
573:2013-11-13
426:2 November
370:2013-11-13
320:References
280:astronauts
238:Hypotheses
199:, either L
3990:Milky Way
3983:Orion Arm
3751:Formation
3736:Migration
3731:Disrupted
3599:Coatlicue
3567:Accretion
3554:evolution
3500:Asteroids
3412:astronomy
3407:Discovery
3268:Cubewanos
3189:Asteroids
3019:Quaoarian
3009:Neptunian
2999:Chironean
2984:Saturnian
2760:Enceladus
1963:Fortnight
1855:Explorers
1812:Apollo 17
1805:Apollo 11
1768:Volcanism
1738:Timescale
1685:Libration
1473:Mountains
1411:Near side
1317:Supermoon
1257:Full moon
1211:Libration
1143:Moonlight
1014:264869152
907:119226112
882:1410.3819
693:Astronomy
627:118421530
602:1207.5224
485:0019-1035
460:1410.3819
209:perturbed
167:Collision
4043:Universe
3881:Moonlets
3461:programs
3434:timeline
3422:timeline
3353:Planet X
3348:Planet V
3285:Sednoids
3273:Plutinos
3246:Centaurs
3224:families
2953:Dysnomia
2941:Xiangliu
2936:Gonggong
2924:Makemake
2883:Kerberos
2770:Hyperion
2708:Callisto
2703:Ganymede
2636:Gonggong
2631:Makemake
2486:Gonggong
2479:Makemake
2302:Category
2097:Moonrise
2030:Crescent
1970:Sennight
1885:Moonbase
1841:Missions
1510:Calderas
1418:Far side
1376:features
1264:Eclipses
1250:New moon
1195:Distance
1082:Physical
1018:Archived
1006:37914947
934:27 March
854:30903580
846:24904162
776:26823426
670:21814278
420:Archived
344:23 March
314:Synestia
293:See also
267:accreted
126:Hyperion
68:ancient
4063:Portals
3864:Related
3843:by size
3532:Neptune
3517:Jupiter
3468:Mercury
3393:outline
3338:Phaeton
3333:Nemesis
3320:objects
3172:Neptune
3145:Jupiter
3125:Trojans
3118:Neptune
3103:Jupiter
3083:Mercury
3014:Haumean
3004:Uranian
2986: (
2900:Hiʻiaka
2834:Proteus
2824:Neptune
2812:Miranda
2802:Umbriel
2792:Titania
2780:all 146
2745:Iapetus
2698:Jupiter
2592:Neptune
2570:Jupiter
2538:Mercury
2520:Planets
2445:Neptune
2430:Jupiter
2403:Mercury
2121:Related
2111:Moonset
1894:Tourism
1871:Landing
1731:Geology
1670:Science
1526:Craters
1489:Valleys
1075:Outline
986:Bibcode
887:Bibcode
826:Bibcode
818:Science
805:. UCLA.
784:6548599
756:Bibcode
738:Science
650:Bibcode
607:Bibcode
506:Bibcode
465:Bibcode
213:Jupiter
72:in the
64:) is a
4038:
4031:
4024:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3886:Syzygy
3808:Comets
3741:System
3726:Planet
3619:EXCEDE
3527:Uranus
3522:Saturn
3512:Comets
3505:mining
3483:mining
3373:Vulcan
3214:active
3209:Hygiea
3204:Pallas
3167:Uranus
3113:Uranus
3108:Saturn
3043:Comets
3035:bodies
3033:System
2979:Jovian
2917:Weywot
2912:Quaoar
2905:Namaka
2895:Haumea
2868:Charon
2844:all 16
2839:Nereid
2829:Triton
2817:all 28
2797:Oberon
2787:Uranus
2775:Phoebe
2755:Tethys
2730:Saturn
2723:all 95
2718:Europa
2691:Deimos
2686:Phobos
2665:Earth
2626:Quaoar
2621:Haumea
2601:Dwarfs
2587:Uranus
2575:Saturn
2560:Giants
2525:dwarfs
2472:Quaoar
2465:Haumea
2440:Uranus
2435:Saturn
2079:Tetrad
1995:Phases
1864:Probes
1699:Origin
1646:Quakes
1579:Rilles
1570:swirls
1285:Tetrad
1243:Syzygy
1012:
1004:
977:Nature
905:
869:Icarus
852:
844:
782:
774:
716:Forbes
676:
668:
642:Nature
625:
589:Icarus
524:
483:
447:Icarus
340:. UCLA
277:Apollo
130:Selene
122:Titans
70:planet
4147:Space
4142:Water
4077:Stars
3801:Lists
3537:Pluto
3495:Ceres
3473:Venus
3368:Tyche
3363:Theia
3199:Vesta
3194:Ceres
3135:Earth
3130:Venus
3093:Earth
3088:Venus
3068:moons
3031:Solar
3029:Small
2988:Rhean
2973:Earth
2965:Rings
2878:Hydra
2863:Pluto
2856:Vanth
2851:Orcus
2807:Ariel
2765:Mimas
2750:Dione
2735:Titan
2658:Moons
2646:Sedna
2616:Pluto
2611:Orcus
2606:Ceres
2548:Earth
2543:Venus
2500:Sedna
2458:Pluto
2451:Orcus
2424:Ceres
2413:Earth
2408:Venus
2058:Black
2044:Blood
2021:Names
1999:names
1938:Month
1789:ALSEP
1761:KREEP
1713:Theia
1616:Water
1593:Rocks
1503:Domes
1457:Maria
1426:Poles
1218:Nodes
1172:Orbit
1010:S2CID
925:(PDF)
903:S2CID
877:arXiv
850:S2CID
780:S2CID
746:arXiv
678:84558
674:S2CID
623:S2CID
597:arXiv
455:arXiv
217:Venus
161:Venus
136:Orbit
118:Theia
39:Theia
3490:Mars
3478:Moon
3456:list
3439:list
3140:Mars
3098:Mars
2948:Eris
2888:Styx
2740:Rhea
2681:Mars
2669:Moon
2641:Eris
2553:Mars
2493:Eris
2418:Mars
2208:list
2065:Dark
2051:Blue
2014:Full
1913:and
1563:Soil
1533:List
1464:List
1446:Face
1399:Limb
1326:Tide
1066:Moon
1026:2023
1002:PMID
936:2021
842:PMID
772:PMID
666:PMID
563:NASA
522:ISBN
481:ISSN
428:2023
346:2022
203:or L
197:i.e.
153:Mars
146:or L
108:Name
100:and
94:Mars
86:Moon
3229:PHA
2873:Nix
2582:Ice
2565:Gas
2398:Sun
2072:Wet
2007:New
1997:and
994:doi
982:623
895:doi
873:242
834:doi
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764:doi
742:351
658:doi
646:476
615:doi
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185:Sun
159:by
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4040:→
4033:→
4026:→
4019:→
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3980:→
3973:→
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