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1988:(CBRN) can award registered nurses taking classes in therapeutic touch with continuing education units (CEUs) required for licensure renewal. In 2006, Hammer and Underdown presented the board with the scientific evidence refuting the validity of therapeutic touch as a legitimate treatment, but the board did not change its policy.
1968:
that there were several trials to test therapy, that only two of the five trials were successful, and that the control group actually healed as well or better than the treatment group in the other three trials. This makes the results of such a study inconclusive in showing any effectiveness of therapeutic touch.
1955:
When examining the existing literature on therapeutic touch, it has been observed that these studies tend to only cite research that favours the desired findings. There have been studies focused on therapeutic touch that have failed to include any research that has contradictory findings. However, it
1967:
Replication is another important factor. A study on therapeutic touch by Wirth appeared to have successful results in which more than half of the subjects being treated by this therapy had healed by day 16, with no healing shown in the control group. However, closer examination of this study reveals
1963:
Researcher bias has been noted in studies examining therapeutic touch, such as that by Turner, in which he included such statements as, "If we can successfully complete this study, this will be the first real scientific evidence there is for therapeutic touch". It is important for researchers not to
1976:
Sokal, in 2006, reported generally accepted estimates of over 80 colleges and universities spread over 70 countries where therapeutic touch is taught as well as some 80 hospitals in North
America where it is practiced. He added that "these figures should be taken with a grain of salt, inasmuch as
1915:
the claim of therapeutic touch practitioners can reliably sense a "Human Energy Field." Twenty-one practitioners of therapeutic touch participated in her study. The practitioners sat on one side of a cardboard screen, while Emily sat on the other. The practitioners then placed their hands through
1828:
of the latter. A 2002 review found that neither justification was tenable: Rogers' theories were found to be inconsistent with the tenets of TT, while the overlap in terminology between the two could be ascribed to a lack of precision in Rogers' works, making them multi-interpretable. The quantum
1959:
It is also important to use the appropriate controls in such studies. There have been studies such as that by Grad, Cadoret, and Paul that have appeared at first glance to show the effectiveness of therapeutic touch, yet once replicated using the appropriate controls, they were shown to have
1920:. Although all of the participants had asserted that they would be able to do this, the actual results did not support therapeutic touch's fundamental claim. The practitioners had succeeded in locating Emily's hand 44% of the time, a rate within the range of chance.
1809:. Krieger states that, "in the final analysis, it is the healee (client) who heals himself. The healer or therapist, in this view, acts as a human energy support system until the healee's own immunological system is robust enough to take over".
1916:
holes in the screen. Emily flipped a coin to determine which of the practitioner's hands she would place hers over (approximately 4-5 inches above the subject's hand). The practitioners then were to say where her hand was by sensing her
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1837:; this interpretation is not supported by experimental evidence. The 2002 study concluded that "the theory TT possesses is deprived of explanatory power" and "evidence that supports the current picture of physical
1805:, developed therapeutic touch in the 1970s. According to Krieger, therapeutic touch has roots in ancient healing practices, such as the laying on of hands, although it has no connection with religion or with
1924:
editor George D. Lundberg, M.D, recommended that third-party payers and the public should question paying for this procedure "until or unless additional honest experimentation demonstrates an actual effect."
1876:
in light of background scientific knowledge, the antecedent plausibility of TT is sufficiently low that any methodological flaw in a study will always provide a more plausible explanation for any positive
1829:
physics justification holds that the possibility to heal at a distance is possible due to a "global interconnectivity" of the universe, which is connected by TT adherents to an interpretation of
338:
1696:
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in 1998, found that practitioners of therapeutic touch could not detect the presence or absence of a hand placed a few inches above theirs when their vision was obstructed.
1964:
bias the results in order to achieve their desired outcome, as bias can lead to a misrepresentation of the true effectiveness of therapy such as that of therapeutic touch.
333:
1739:
and standardized healing practice performed by practitioners trained to be sensitive to the receiver's energy field that surrounds the body;...no touching is required."
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Practitioners of therapeutic touch state that by placing their hands on, or near, a patient, they are able to detect and manipulate what they say is the patient's
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is very important for studies such as these to report all results found from other studies even if they may contradict the present study's hypothesis.
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and the assistance of her mother, Linda Rosa and her step-father Larry Sarner, Emily became the youngest researcher to have a paper accepted by the
3939:
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1997:
1868:, in discussing these studies, note several problems, such as failure to exclude methodologically flawed studies and a susceptibility to the
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3160:
1981:
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1638:
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1939:, first published in 2004, found "here is no robust evidence that TT promotes healing of acute wounds", but in 2016 the authors
1844:
The supposed healing in TT takes place via a discredited physical process called "electron transfer resonance", which physicist
4013:
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3671:
3150:
1798:
1600:
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790:
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368:
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1297:
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1985:
3808:
2623:
2027:
Astin JA, Harkness E, Ernst E (June 2000). "The efficacy of "distant healing": a systematic review of randomized trials".
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which practitioners claim promotes healing and reduces pain and anxiety. "Therapeutic Touch" is a registered trademark in
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820:
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1458:
958:
281:
161:
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noted, "Available scientific evidence does not support any claims that TT can cure cancer or other diseases." A 2004
2807:
Wirth DP (1990). "The effect of non-contact therapeutic touch on the healing rate of full thickness dermal wounds".
1872:
of complementary medicine journals, which carry a "preponderance of studies with positive results"; they argue that
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909:
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2403:
Krieger D (1999). "Should nurses practice therapeutic touch? Should nursing schools teach therapeutic touch?".
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795:
602:
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45:
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noted, "Available scientific evidence does not support any claims that TT can cure cancer or other diseases."
1856:
Over the decades, many clinical studies have been performed to investigate TT's efficacy, as well as various
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The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication.
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that "the energy field was probably nothing more than a figment in the imaginations of the healers". The
51:
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23/08/16 This review has been withdrawn due to serious concerns over the validity of included studies.
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685:
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2742:
Grad B, Cadoret RJ, Paul GI (1961). "An unorthodox method of treatment on wound healing in mice".
2699:
O'Mathuna, Donal P. (September 2000). "Evidence-based practice and reviews of therapeutic touch".
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O'MathĂşna DP (August 2016). O'MathĂşna DP (ed.). "Therapeutic touch for healing acute wounds".
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2240:
2084:
Archaeological
Fantasies: How Pseudoarchaeology Misrepresents the Past and Misleads the Public
2044:
1936:
1893:, at nine years of age, conceived and executed a study on therapeutic touch. With the help of
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2315:
American Cancer
Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies
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1977:
both advocates and detractors have an interest in exaggerating its incidence".
1757:
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nonsignificant results, therefore rendering the original results inconclusive.
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101:
72:
2235:
2208:
3969:
An
Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
3878:
3696:
3646:
3614:
3589:
3454:
3260:
3235:
3200:
3002:
2945:
1790:
1782:
it in 2016 "due to serious concerns over the validity of included studies".
1565:
1525:
1500:
1205:
1165:
1030:
306:
131:
91:
2785:
2720:
2682:
2663:
2491:"Consumer access to complementary therapies such as Therapeutic Touch (TT)"
2424:
2384:
2048:
2541:
2244:
1778:
found no good evidence that it helped with wound healing, but the authors
3636:
3195:
3170:
3118:
3078:
2997:
2828:"State-Sponsored Quackery: Feng Shui and Snake Oil for California Nurses"
1912:
1478:
1386:
1225:
679:
541:
448:
373:
176:
166:
2587:
O'MathĂşna DP, Pryjmachuk S, Spencer W, Stanwick M, Matthiesen S (2002).
2559:
Accepting your power to heal: the personal practice of therapeutic touch
3883:
3783:
3716:
3626:
3579:
3546:
2589:"A critical evaluation of the theory and practice of therapeutic touch"
2533:
1570:
1488:
1453:
1443:
1185:
521:
316:
241:
201:
2512:
Krieger D (May 1975). "Therapeutic touch: the imprimatur of nursing".
3691:
2873:
2854:
1838:
1732:
1658:
1483:
1438:
1105:
438:
206:
106:
2525:
2764:
Courcey, Kevin (November 2001). "Investigating therapeutic touch".
2077:"Pseudoscience and postmodernism: Antagonists or fellow-travelers?"
1943:
it after the validity of the reviewed studies were questioned. The
3265:
2002:
1535:
1510:
1391:
941:
216:
2859:
1801:, and Dolores Krieger, now Professor Emerita of Nursing Science,
2886:
1520:
1374:
378:
2890:
2628:
1746:. One highly cited study, designed by the then-nine-year-old
2563:. Internet Archive. Santa Fe, NM: Bear & Co. p. 7.
3338:
2263:"The Physics of 'Alternative Medicine' Bioenergetic Fields"
1473:
1841:
should be regarded as evidence against the theory of TT".
2351:"WITHDRAWN: Therapeutic touch for healing acute wounds"
1864:, yielding varying results and conclusions. O'MathĂşna
1816:' contemporal "Science of Unitary Human Beings", and
1984:
examined nursing standards in
California, where the
1812:
Justification for TT has been sought in two fields:
3948:
3912:
3739:
3572:
3502:
3306:
3041:
3028:
2933:
1797:promoter and one-time president (1975–1987) of the
44:
37:
32:
2855:Skeptics Report investigation of Therapeutic Touch
2556:
2468:"Theos-Talk Archives (April 2005 Message tt00332)"
2826:Hammer O, Underdown J (November–December 2009).
2194:
2192:
1874:
2627:. Chedd-Angier Production Company. 1997–1998.
2438:
2436:
2434:
1932:for the effectiveness of therapeutic touch. A
2927:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
2902:
2270:The Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine
2165:
2163:
2086:. Routledge. pp. 286–361. Archived from
1690:
603:
8:
2840:(6). Committee for Skeptical Inquiry: 53–56.
2619:"Therapeutic touch, on season 8 , episode 2"
2648:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2355:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1904:Journal of the American Medical Association
1753:Journal of the American Medical Association
3038:
2909:
2895:
2887:
1697:
1683:
766:Association for Research and Enlightenment
621:
610:
596:
59:
4035:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
3976:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
2582:
2580:
2374:
2234:
2224:
1980:Owen Hammer and James Underdown from the
2041:10.7326/0003-4819-132-11-200006060-00009
3940:Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
2744:International Journal of Parapsychology
2070:
2068:
2066:
2019:
1972:Therapeutic touch and nursing education
633:
71:
2304:
2302:
1986:California Board of Registered Nursing
29:
2759:
2757:
2694:
2692:
2489:Denison, Barbara L (9 January 2008).
2344:
2342:
2174:. The Public Interest. Archived from
2121:
2119:
1998:List of ineffective cancer treatments
394:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal
7:
2008:Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism
2209:"A close look at therapeutic touch"
1951:Skeptical view of therapeutic touch
3989:James Randi Educational Foundation
2874:"Skeptoid #203: Therapeutic Touch"
384:James Randi Educational Foundation
25:
836:Chiropractic treatment techniques
3386:Strauss–Howe generational theory
3364:Moon landing conspiracy theories
3161:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
2778:10.1097/00006205-200111000-00002
2713:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2000.00279.x
2635:from the original on 2006-01-01.
2605:10.1046/j.1466-769x.2002.00089.x
2455:from the original on 2017-08-24.
2443:Barrett, Stephen (26 May 1998).
2295:. Corgi. 2008. pp. 267–268.
1982:Independent Investigations Group
1639:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
641:
4014:The Natural History of Quackery
3956:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
2514:The American Journal of Nursing
2405:Journal of Professional Nursing
2349:O'MathĂşna DP (September 2016).
1799:Theosophical Society in America
675:Alternative veterinary medicine
369:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
27:Pseudoscientific energy therapy
2701:Journal of Nursing Scholarship
2675:10.1002/14651858.CD002766.pub6
2656:10.1002/14651858.CD002766.pub5
2497:. Kansas Nurse. Archived from
2367:10.1002/14651858.cd002766.pub6
2154:"Therapeutic Touch Study Data"
2152:Larry Sarner (December 2007).
1298:Water fluoridation controversy
1254:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
1:
2624:Scientific American Frontiers
2417:10.1016/S8755-7223(99)80043-X
2113:, Registration No. TMA580182.
2111:Canadian Trade-marks database
1764:concluded in their 2008 book
1718:non-contact therapeutic touch
1669:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1654:Multiple chemical sensitivity
781:Biological terrain assessment
323:Reportedly haunted locations:
4021:The Psychology of the Occult
3276:Traditional Chinese medicine
3151:Doktor Koster's Antigaspills
3008:Superseded scientific theory
3632:Electronic voice phenomenon
3489:Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
3349:Chemtrail conspiracy theory
2029:Annals of Internal Medicine
1330:Alternative medical systems
959:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
725:Fringe medicine and science
162:Electronic voice phenomenon
4100:
4028:The Ragged Edge of Science
3759:Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff
3702:Pseudoscientific metrology
3226:Miracle Mineral Supplement
1340:Biologically based therapy
900:Dental amalgam controversy
3642:Facilitated communication
2924:
2555:Krieger, Dolores (1993).
1852:Scientific investigations
1848:describes as "nonsense".
964:Facilitated communication
4042:The Skeptic's Dictionary
3600:Biological transmutation
3520:Faster-than-light travel
3494:Enneagram of Personality
3460:Recovered-memory therapy
3344:9/11 conspiracy theories
2466:Gholap A (21 May 2009).
2236:10.1001/jama.279.13.1005
2132:Encyclopedia of Medicine
1629:Candida hypersensitivity
811:Fake COVID-19 treatments
625:This article is part of
434:Apparitional experiences
4007:The Demon-Haunted World
3925:Bourgeois pseudoscience
3359:COVID-19 misinformation
3298:Young blood transfusion
3069:Anthroposophic medicine
2319:American Cancer Society
1945:American Cancer Society
1833:and the possibility of
1826:mystical interpretation
1772:American Cancer Society
1303:COVID-19 misinformation
1231:Young blood transfusion
1111:Orthomolecular medicine
1076:Mind–body interventions
746:Anthroposophic medicine
686:Rise of modern medicine
492:Argument from ignorance
459:Out-of-body experiences
172:Extrasensory perception
3839:Corentin Louis Kervran
3707:Rapid prompting method
3595:Biodynamic agriculture
3585:Aquatic ape hypothesis
3443:Historical negationism
3146:Doctrine of signatures
3013:True-believer syndrome
1888:
1786:Origin and foundations
1335:Mind–body intervention
1286:MMR vaccine and autism
1276:Vaccine misinformation
1171:Rapid prompting method
517:Communal reinforcement
3844:The Light (newspaper)
3829:William Donald Kelley
3722:Voice stress analysis
3354:Climate change denial
3293:Wind turbine syndrome
3288:Vertebral subluxation
3181:Germ theory denialism
2669:(Retracted, see
2309:Ades TB, ed. (2009).
2082:. In Fagan GG (ed.).
1750:and published in the
1664:Vertebral subluxation
1613:Alternative diagnoses
1201:Thought Field Therapy
841:Vertebral subluxation
497:Argumentum ad populum
429:Anomalous experiences
409:Scientific skepticism
227:Paranormal television
3834:Robert F. Kennedy Jr
3794:Ignatius L. Donnelly
3465:Past life regression
3324:Arabian Judah theory
3271:Traditional medicine
3064:Alternative medicine
2993:Pathological science
2864:Skeptic's Dictionary
2172:"Postmodern Nursing"
1634:Chronic Lyme disease
1363:Traditional medicine
1345:Manipulative methods
1146:Postural Integration
1009:Bach flower remedies
885:Craniosacral therapy
713:Therapeutic nihilism
658:Alternative medicine
635:Alternative medicine
512:Cognitive dissonance
507:Begging the question
454:Ideomotor phenomenon
3930:Demarcation problem
3764:Brigitte Boisselier
3393:Hollow Earth theory
3376:Generational theory
3074:Applied kinesiology
2445:"Therapeutic Touch"
2311:"Therapeutic Touch"
2128:"Therapeutic touch"
1835:quantum nonlocality
1803:New York University
1281:Vaccines and autism
1271:Anti-vaccinationism
1264:OPV AIDS hypothesis
1066:Megavitamin therapy
979:Functional medicine
756:Applied kinesiology
652:General information
562:Scientific evidence
404:Scientific literacy
39:Alternative therapy
4079:Biofield therapies
4000:Skeptical Inquirer
3899:Paul Joseph Watson
3874:Hans Alfred Nieper
3712:Statement analysis
3662:Intelligent design
3537:Reactionless drive
3371:Conversion therapy
3319:Ancient astronauts
3206:Leaky gut syndrome
3186:HIV/AIDS denialism
2941:Cargo cult science
2872:(April 27, 2010).
2833:Skeptical Inquirer
2766:Nurse Practitioner
2593:Nursing Philosophy
2501:on 9 January 2008.
2292:Trick or Treatment
1767:Trick or Treatment
1649:Leaky gut syndrome
1624:Aerotoxic syndrome
1561:Prophetic medicine
1259:HIV/AIDS denialism
1086:Myofascial release
994:Holistic dentistry
974:Feldenkrais Method
954:Estrogen dominance
880:Conversion therapy
272:Spirit photography
222:Paranormal fiction
142:Demonic possession
4051:
4050:
3962:Cults of Unreason
3935:Scientific method
3864:Ministry of Ayush
3809:Nicholas Gonzalez
3735:
3734:
3672:Law of attraction
3652:Flat Earth theory
3532:Quantum mysticism
3472:Scientific racism
3428:Pseudoarchaeology
3334:Conspiracy theory
3032:characterized as
2976:Pseudomathematics
2966:Pseudoarchaeology
2860:Therapeutic Touch
2570:978-1-879181-04-5
2332:978-0-944235-71-3
2219:(13): 1005–1010.
2170:Glazer S (2000).
2126:Bruno LC (1999).
1937:systematic review
1928:There is no good
1862:systematic review
1860:and at least one
1818:quantum mechanics
1710:Therapeutic touch
1707:
1706:
1434:Chinese herbology
1191:Scientific racism
1156:Psychodermatology
1061:Medical intuitive
1041:Lightning Process
999:Hologram bracelet
947:Therapeutic touch
848:Christian Science
821:Cancer treatments
620:
619:
567:Scientific method
277:Spirit possession
87:Astral projection
58:
57:
33:Therapeutic touch
18:Therapeutic Touch
16:(Redirected from
4091:
4074:Energy therapies
3904:Andrew Wakefield
3605:Creation science
3564:Water-fueled car
3526:Perpetual motion
3448:Holocaust denial
3418:Nibiru cataclysm
3413:Nazi archaeology
3216:Macrobiotic diet
3039:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2888:
2883:
2842:
2841:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2761:
2752:
2751:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2667:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2562:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2495:findarticles.com
2486:
2480:
2479:
2474:. Archived from
2463:
2457:
2456:
2440:
2429:
2428:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2378:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2317:(2nd ed.).
2306:
2297:
2296:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2267:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2228:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2123:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2081:
2075:Sokal A (2006).
2072:
2061:
2060:
2024:
1930:medical evidence
1886:
1870:publication bias
1820:, in particular
1814:Martha E. Rogers
1738:
1726:pseudoscientific
1699:
1692:
1685:
1449:Gill plate trade
1211:Vaginal steaming
858:Colloidal silver
826:Charcoal cleanse
645:
622:
612:
605:
598:
502:Bandwagon effect
399:Pseudoskepticism
389:Magical thinking
60:
54:
30:
21:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4047:
3944:
3920:Bogdanov affair
3908:
3888:Claude Vorilhon
3774:Robert Charroux
3749:Sucharit Bhakdi
3741:
3731:
3568:
3498:
3438:Genocide denial
3403:Japhetic theory
3398:Indigo children
3314:2012 phenomenon
3302:
3246:Patent medicine
3166:Energy medicine
3139:Colon cleansing
3124:Crystal healing
3059:Adrenal fatigue
3033:
3031:
3024:
2929:
2920:
2915:
2868:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2809:Subtle Energies
2806:
2805:
2801:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2668:
2650:(8): CD002766.
2645:
2644:
2640:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2526:10.2307/3423456
2511:
2510:
2506:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2442:
2441:
2432:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2361:(9): CD002766.
2348:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2226:10.1.1.592.8130
2198:
2197:
2190:
2181:
2179:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2137:
2135:
2134:. Gale Research
2125:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2064:
2035:(11): 903–910.
2026:
2025:
2021:
2016:
1994:
1974:
1953:
1895:Stephen Barrett
1887:
1881:
1854:
1788:
1776:Cochrane review
1736:
1703:
1674:
1673:
1619:Adrenal fatigue
1614:
1606:
1605:
1380:Southern Africa
1365:
1355:
1354:
1325:
1323:Classifications
1315:
1314:
1291:in chiropractic
1249:
1241:
1240:
1161:Quantum healing
1151:Psychic surgery
1026:Ionized jewelry
989:Herbal medicine
937:Esoteric energy
927:Energy medicine
895:Cupping therapy
890:Crystal healing
863:Colon cleansing
801:Bowen technique
771:Auriculotherapy
726:
718:
717:
653:
616:
587:
586:
482:
474:
473:
444:False awakening
424:
414:
413:
359:
349:
348:
247:Psychic reading
182:Fortune-telling
117:Close encounter
82:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4097:
4095:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4069:Parapsychology
4066:
4056:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3913:Related topics
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3894:Randolph Stone
3891:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3869:Theodor Morell
3866:
3861:
3859:Joseph Mercola
3856:
3854:Jenny McCarthy
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3819:Graham Hancock
3816:
3814:Goop (company)
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3789:Vernon Coleman
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3554:Teleportation‎
3551:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3482:Melanin theory
3479:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3430:
3425:
3423:Parapsychology
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3307:Social science
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3256:Primal therapy
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3221:Magnet therapy
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3134:Detoxification
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3036:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3019:Voodoo Science
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2961:Fringe science
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2870:Dunning, Brian
2866:
2857:
2850:
2849:External links
2847:
2844:
2843:
2818:
2799:
2753:
2734:
2688:
2638:
2610:
2599:(2): 163–176.
2576:
2569:
2547:
2520:(5): 784–787.
2504:
2481:
2478:on 2016-08-18.
2458:
2449:quackwatch.com
2430:
2411:(3): 200–201.
2395:
2338:
2331:
2298:
2282:
2250:
2207:(April 1998).
2188:
2159:
2144:
2115:
2103:
2062:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1990:
1973:
1970:
1952:
1949:
1879:
1853:
1850:
1831:Bell's theorem
1787:
1784:
1729:energy therapy
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1469:Pressure point
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:Energy therapy
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:Zero balancing
1233:
1228:
1223:
1221:Vision therapy
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1136:Parapsychology
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1056:Manual therapy
1053:
1051:Magnet therapy
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
924:
919:
914:
913:
912:
905:Detoxification
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
871:
870:
860:
855:
850:
845:
844:
843:
838:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
715:
710:
709:
708:
698:
693:
688:
683:
682:(health fraud)
677:
672:
671:
670:
665:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
638:
637:
631:
630:
618:
617:
615:
614:
607:
600:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
532:Fringe science
529:
527:Falsifiability
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
464:Parapsychology
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
425:
422:Parapsychology
420:
419:
416:
415:
412:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
360:
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
346:
341:
336:
334:United Kingdom
331:
320:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
267:Retrocognition
264:
262:Remote viewing
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
127:Crystal gazing
124:
119:
114:
109:
107:Breatharianism
104:
99:
94:
89:
83:
80:
79:
76:
75:
69:
68:
56:
55:
48:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4096:
4085:
4084:Pseudoscience
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3983:Fortean Times
3980:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3779:Deepak Chopra
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:pseudoscience
3738:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3610:Cryptozoology
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:Anti-gravity‎
3508:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3433:Pseudohistory
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3381:Generationism
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3339:5G conspiracy
3337:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3329:Catastrophism
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:FasciaBlaster
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:Correactology
3112:
3110:
3109:Chromotherapy
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3034:pseudoscience
3027:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
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2971:Pseudohistory
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2956:Fringe theory
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2918:Pseudoscience
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2707:(3): 279–85.
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2472:theosophy.com
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2193:
2189:
2178:on 2007-02-25
2177:
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2156:. QuackWatch.
2155:
2148:
2145:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2120:
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2112:
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2093:on 2013-09-27
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1859:
1858:meta-analyses
1851:
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1840:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1822:Fritjof Capra
1819:
1815:
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1808:
1807:faith healing
1804:
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1506:Faith healing
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1414:Bush medicine
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1404:Balneotherapy
1402:
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1248:Controversies
1245:
1244:
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1234:
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1222:
1219:
1217:
1216:Vegetotherapy
1214:
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1157:
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1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
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1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:Ozone therapy
1129:
1127:
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1046:Lymphotherapy
1044:
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1007:
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987:
985:
984:Hair analysis
982:
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969:FasciaBlaster
967:
965:
962:
960:
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932:Correactology
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875:Colorpuncture
873:
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861:
859:
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853:Chromotherapy
851:
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742:
741:Alkaline diet
739:
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728:
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691:Pseudoscience
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469:Synchronicity
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339:United States
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312:Table-turning
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237:Preternatural
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137:Cryptozoology
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84:
81:Main articles
78:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:
53:
49:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
4064:Spirituality
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3849:Mike Lindell
3769:Rhonda Byrne
3740:Promoters of
3727:Water memory
3667:Laundry ball
3559:Tractor beam
3515:Cold fusion‎
3211:Lunar effect
3156:Ear candling
3104:Chiropractic
3094:Bloodletting
3084:Bates method
3054:Aromatherapy
3017:
2983:Junk science
2877:
2837:
2831:
2821:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2772:(11): 12–3.
2769:
2765:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2704:
2700:
2647:
2641:
2622:
2613:
2596:
2592:
2558:
2550:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2499:the original
2494:
2484:
2476:the original
2471:
2461:
2448:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2388:
2358:
2354:
2314:
2291:
2285:
2273:. Retrieved
2269:
2253:
2216:
2212:
2203:, Sarner L,
2180:. Retrieved
2176:the original
2147:
2136:. Retrieved
2131:
2106:
2095:. Retrieved
2088:the original
2083:
2032:
2028:
2022:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1927:
1921:
1908:
1902:
1889:
1883:
1875:
1865:
1855:
1843:
1811:
1789:
1765:
1762:Edzard Ernst
1751:
1744:energy field
1741:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1586:Thai massage
1556:Naftalan oil
1429:Blood stasis
1308:Turbo cancer
1196:ThetaHealing
1121:Osteomyology
1021:Hypnotherapy
1016:Hydrotherapy
946:
922:Ear candling
917:Dry needling
868:Coffee enema
831:Chiropractic
796:Bone-setting
776:Bates method
761:Aromatherapy
582:Urban legend
572:Superstition
552:Protoscience
547:Junk science
487:Anomalistics
364:Cold reading
322:
321:
297:Supernatural
287:Spiritualism
282:Spirit world
232:Precognition
152:Doppelgänger
112:Clairvoyance
3754:Del Bigtree
3241:Panchagavya
3231:Naturopathy
3099:Body memory
3049:Acupuncture
2934:Terminology
2321:. pp.
1758:Simon Singh
1546:Mien Shiang
1464:Moxibustion
1176:Reflexology
1101:Oil pulling
1096:Naturopathy
1036:Jilly Juice
816:Camel urine
786:Black salve
736:Acupuncture
731:Acupressure
696:Antiscience
668:Terminology
577:Uncertainty
302:Telekinesis
252:Psychometry
132:Conjuration
4058:Categories
3994:Quackwatch
3824:David Icke
3804:Max Gerson
3799:Gaia, Inc.
3687:Numerology
3682:Lysenkoism
3677:Levitation
3657:Graphology
3542:Dean drive
3477:Aryan race
3408:Mediumship
3283:Trepanning
3251:Phrenology
3191:Homeopathy
3089:Biorhythms
2988:Paranormal
2182:2007-07-07
2138:2007-07-07
2097:2015-07-02
2014:References
1899:Quackwatch
1891:Emily Rosa
1882:O'MathĂşna
1846:Alan Sokal
1748:Emily Rosa
1737:"tructured
1644:Heavy legs
1601:Vietnamese
1581:Sri Lankan
1141:Phrenology
1126:Osteopathy
1116:Orthopathy
1004:Homeopathy
910:Foot detox
806:Breathwork
751:Apitherapy
706:Scientific
701:Skepticism
537:Groupthink
357:Skepticism
292:Stone Tape
197:Mediumship
147:Demonology
102:Bilocation
73:Paranormal
3949:Resources
3879:Mehmet Oz
3697:Polygraph
3647:Feng shui
3615:Dianetics
3590:Astrology
3455:Pseudolaw
3261:Radionics
3236:Palmistry
3201:Iridology
3003:Snake oil
2946:Charlatan
2794:222268740
2729:236433132
2259:Stenger V
2221:CiteSeerX
2205:Barrett S
1941:retracted
1911:), which
1877:findings.
1795:theosophy
1791:Dora Kunz
1566:Shamanism
1551:Mongolian
1526:Kayakalpa
1501:Curandero
1419:Cambodian
1409:Brazilian
1206:Urophagia
1166:Radionics
1071:Mesmerism
1031:Iridology
374:Debunking
307:Telepathy
157:Ectoplasm
122:Cold spot
92:Astrology
3637:Eugenics
3620:Auditing
3196:Humorism
3171:Fad diet
3119:Cryonics
3079:Ayurveda
3042:Medicine
2998:Quackery
2879:Skeptoid
2790:ProQuest
2786:11759612
2725:ProQuest
2721:12462823
2683:27581995
2664:27552401
2633:Archived
2453:Archived
2425:10377630
2385:27581995
2261:(1999).
2199:Rosa L,
2057:53089000
2049:10836918
1992:See also
1934:Cochrane
1918:biofield
1913:debunked
1880:—
1780:withdrew
1735:for the
1724:), is a
1536:Japanese
1479:San Jiao
1459:Meridian
1387:Ayurveda
1226:Vitalism
791:Bodywork
680:Quackery
627:a series
542:Hypnosis
449:Hypnosis
177:Forteana
167:Exorcism
65:a series
63:Part of
3784:Clonaid
3717:Ufology
3627:Dowsing
3580:Alchemy
3547:EMDrive
3503:Physics
3129:Cupping
3030:Topics
2862:at the
2815:: 1–20.
2750:: 5–24.
2542:1039264
2534:3423456
2376:6457586
2323:248–251
2275:17 June
2245:9533499
1591:Tibetan
1571:Shiatsu
1516:Iranian
1496:Chumash
1489:Zang-fu
1454:Long gu
1444:Gua sha
1424:Chinese
1370:African
1186:Rolfing
663:History
522:Fallacy
481:Related
317:Ufology
242:Psychic
202:Miracle
52:D019124
3692:Orgone
2792:
2784:
2727:
2719:
2681:
2677:,
2662:
2567:
2540:
2532:
2423:
2383:
2373:
2329:
2243:
2223:
2201:Rosa E
2055:
2047:
1884:et al.
1866:et al.
1839:energy
1733:Canada
1716:), or
1659:PANDAS
1576:Siddha
1541:Korean
1484:Tui na
1439:Dit da
1106:Orgone
439:Empath
207:Occult
67:on the
3573:Other
3266:Reiki
2951:Crank
2530:JSTOR
2266:(PDF)
2091:(PDF)
2080:(PDF)
2053:S2CID
2003:Reiki
1897:from
1596:Unani
1531:Kambo
1511:Hilot
1392:Dosha
942:Reiki
344:World
329:India
217:Ouija
192:Magic
3884:Raël
2782:PMID
2717:PMID
2679:PMID
2660:PMID
2565:ISBN
2538:PMID
2421:PMID
2381:PMID
2359:2016
2327:ISBN
2277:2013
2241:PMID
2213:JAMA
2045:PMID
1922:JAMA
1909:JAMA
1793:, a
1760:and
1722:NCTT
1521:Jamu
1397:MVAH
1375:Muti
1181:RBOP
1091:NAET
379:Hoax
97:Aura
46:MeSH
2774:doi
2709:doi
2671:doi
2652:doi
2629:PBS
2601:doi
2522:doi
2413:doi
2371:PMC
2363:doi
2231:doi
2217:279
2037:doi
2033:132
1824:'s
1081:MMS
212:Orb
4060::
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2780:.
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