1896:
2748:
130:
1903:
165:
2742:
3651:
3657:
512:
stage). However, the age estimates of the site are disputed based on the geological complexity and the geographically widespread nature of the
Tiaojishan Formations. Further, King and Beck in 2020 argue for an Early Cretaceous age for
748:
Cornelis, G.; Vernochet, C.; Carradec, Q.; Souquere, S.; Mulot, B.; Catzeflis, F.; Nilsson, M. A.; Menzies, B. R.; Renfree, M. B.; Pierron, G.; Zeller, U.; Heidmann, O.; Dupressoir, A.; Heidmann, T. (2015).
822:
527:
Molecular data suggests that therians may have originated even earlier, during the Early
Jurassic. Therian mammals began to diversify 10-20 million years before the dinosaur extinction.
494:
The flexible nose in therian mammals is not found in any other vertebrates, and is the product of modified cells involved in the development of the upper jaw in other tetrapods.
150:
584:
In the above system, Theria is a subclass. Alternatively, in the system proposed by McKenna and Bell (1997) it is ranked as a supercohort under the subclass
Theriiformes:
524:
mammals arose in the
Southern Hemisphere during the Early Jurassic, around 50 million years prior to the clade's earliest undisputed appearance in the Northern Hemisphere.
4473:
4483:
4409:
1176:
541:
The rank of "Theria" may vary depending on the classification system used. The textbook classification system by
Vaughan et al. (2000) gives the following:
814:
4396:
1895:
146:
1237:
Luo, Z.-X., Z. Kielan-Jaworowska, and R. L. Cifelli. 2002. In quest for a phylogeny of
Mesozoic mammals. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 47:1-78.
145:
2747:
1270:
3856:
1226:
1206:
4435:
1157:(2007) Calibration choice, rate smoothing, and the pattern of tetrapod diversification according to the long nuclear gene RAG-1.
838:"Theria-Specific Homeodomain and cis-Regulatory Element Evolution of the Dlx3–4 Bigene Cluster in 12 Different Mammalian Species"
458:
The marsupials and the placental mammals evolved from a common therian ancestor that gave live birth by suppressing the mother's
133:
147:
4478:
1902:
143:
139:
4401:
717:
138:
134:
665:
Another classification proposed by Luo et al. (2002) does not assign any rank to the taxonomic levels, but uses a purely
137:
141:
1172:
1105:
Flannery, Timothy F.; Rich, Thomas H.; Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Veatch, E. Grace; Helgen, Kristofer M. (2022-10-02).
374:
144:
4414:
135:
730:
388:
149:
4468:
164:
952:
Bi, Shundong; Zheng, Xiaoting; Wang, Xiaoli; Cignetti, Natalie E.; Yang, Shiling; Wible, John R. (June 2018).
487:(external ears) are also a distinctive trait that is a therian exclusivity, though some therians, such as the
4310:
1263:
836:
SUMIYAMA K; MIYAKE T; GRIMWOOD J; STUART A; DICKSON M; SCHMUTZ J; RUDDLE FH; MYERS RM; AMEMIYA CT (2012).
367:
2741:
4422:
3849:
2367:
536:
452:
234:
2683:
3377:
3277:
2960:
2676:
2662:
1489:
136:
4440:
4370:
4357:
3744:
3650:
3026:
2613:
2493:
2402:
1811:
1118:
965:
906:
849:
766:
3417:
3216:
3070:
2874:
2620:
2478:
2339:
282:
3615:
3537:
3497:
3077:
3063:
2967:
2924:
2655:
2634:
2627:
2569:
2226:
2205:
2093:
1852:
1818:
1397:
467:
3437:
3104:
3041:
3019:
2946:
2931:
2910:
2353:
2163:
142:
3718:
3527:
3348:
3189:
3159:
3152:
2998:
2576:
2555:
2234:
2123:
2113:
2043:
1692:
1542:
1370:
997:
698:
238:
159:
2917:
2648:
2302:
2073:
1566:
419:
and various extinct mammals evolving prior to the common ancestor of placentals and marsupials.
4427:
3698:
3656:
3487:
3467:
3173:
3012:
2641:
2219:
2133:
2083:
4217:
3586:
3517:
3236:
2881:
2548:
2539:
2500:
2309:
1719:
1256:
1222:
1202:
1136:
1087:
1069:
989:
981:
934:
875:
796:
509:
451:
such as in marsupials. Genetic studies have suggested a viral origin of syncytins through the
140:
3287:
893:
Higashiyama, H.; Koyabu, D.; Hirasawa, T.; Werneburg, I.; Kuratani, S.; Kurihara, H. (2021).
4238:
3979:
3916:
3842:
3005:
2812:
2597:
2196:
1858:
1558:
1551:
1462:
1126:
1077:
1061:
1028:
973:
924:
914:
865:
857:
786:
776:
343:
317:
4463:
4131:
4032:
4000:
3088:
2583:
2455:
2424:
2409:
2323:
2143:
1633:
1594:
1479:
1050:"Tip dating supports novel resolutions of controversial relationships among early mammals"
484:
4249:(Rats, guinea pigs, squirrels, beavers, chinchillas, porcupines, capybaras and relatives)
4228:(Pigs, camels, hippos, deer, buffalo, gazelles, giraffes, whales, dolphins and relatives)
520:
A recent review of the
Southern Hemisphere Mesozoic mammal fossil record has argued that
148:
1122:
969:
910:
853:
771:
4177:
4123:
4024:
4008:
3810:
3775:
3685:
3246:
3118:
3097:
3033:
2985:
2902:
2826:
2797:
2690:
2669:
2440:
2433:
2262:
2153:
2053:
1770:
1339:
1082:
1049:
1016:
929:
894:
870:
837:
791:
750:
289:
1017:"Mesozoic mammals of China: implications for phylogeny and early evolution of mammals"
4457:
4168:
4040:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3780:
3708:
3457:
3389:
3307:
2511:
2447:
1991:
1804:
1794:
1664:
623:
521:
459:
436:
219:
87:
38:
1001:
4348:
4185:
4115:
4016:
3971:
3785:
3507:
3363:
3226:
3143:
3125:
2953:
2867:
2851:
2469:
2360:
2346:
2032:
1934:
1921:
1870:
1742:
1521:
1512:
488:
396:
1131:
1106:
4383:
4342:
4225:
4147:
4065:
3815:
3790:
3765:
3592:
3427:
3356:
3339:
3317:
3257:
3111:
3056:
2888:
2784:
2765:
2708:
2697:
2606:
2395:
2332:
2292:
2278:
2248:
2241:
2212:
2103:
2063:
2021:
1981:
1971:
1731:
1681:
693:
683:
678:
642:
635:
611:
404:
62:
4362:
899:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
759:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
729:
Myers, P.; R. Espinosa; C. S. Parr; T. Jones; G. S. Hammond & T. A. Dewey.
4254:
4107:
3950:
3907:
3891:
3770:
3738:
3728:
3604:
3564:
3407:
3297:
2895:
2819:
2805:
2562:
2388:
2374:
2271:
2173:
2011:
1951:
1840:
1650:
1642:
1611:
1604:
1528:
977:
688:
666:
604:
564:
470:, the ancestors of placental mammals gradually evolved a prolonged pregnancy.
440:
430:
408:
298:
274:
267:
107:
72:
4333:
1140:
1073:
985:
842:
Journal of
Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution
4262:
4209:
4086:
4078:
3958:
3924:
3621:
3324:
3049:
2939:
2860:
2840:
2524:
2381:
2181:
1753:
1673:
1582:
1497:
1355:
1321:
1312:
953:
919:
781:
600:
Subclass Theriiformes: live-bearing mammals and their prehistoric relatives
478:
448:
416:
412:
176:
112:
4281:(Lorises, lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes (including humans) and relatives)
1091:
1065:
993:
938:
879:
800:
4327:
4201:
4057:
3885:
3575:
3477:
3267:
3206:
2833:
1961:
1760:
1619:
1382:
1330:
1303:
1033:
617:
571:
504:
474:
444:
400:
258:
196:
102:
97:
82:
77:
67:
31:
861:
17:
4278:
4155:
3987:
3897:
3834:
3749:
3370:
3166:
2486:
2001:
1782:
1708:
815:"Ancient "genomic parasites" spurred evolution of pregnancy in mammals"
117:
92:
4388:
4270:
4246:
4094:
3879:
3866:
3447:
1450:
1409:
1297:
1279:
1173:"Mammals began their takeover long before the death of the dinosaurs"
954:"An Early Cretaceous eutherian and the placental-marsupial dichotomy"
593:
550:
443:
which allow exchanges between the mother and its offspring through a
392:
380:
206:
186:
4304:
1197:
Vaughan, Terry A., James M. Ryan, and Nicholas J. Czaplewski. 2000.
462:. While the marsupials continued to give birth to an underdeveloped
4139:
463:
4375:
30:"Therians" redirects here. For the contemporary subculture, see
4308:
3838:
3672:
2763:
1919:
1448:
1290:
1252:
4193:
607:: modern live-bearing mammals and their prehistoric relatives
352:
326:
349:
323:
128:
1248:
358:
355:
332:
329:
1054:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
3734:
3724:
3714:
3704:
3694:
3560:
3533:
3523:
3513:
3503:
3493:
3483:
3473:
3463:
3453:
3443:
3433:
3423:
3413:
3403:
3336:
3313:
3303:
3293:
3283:
3273:
3263:
3253:
3242:
3232:
3222:
3212:
3202:
3140:
2982:
2781:
2594:
2536:
2466:
2421:
2320:
2289:
2259:
2193:
2169:
2159:
2149:
2139:
2129:
2119:
2109:
2099:
2089:
2079:
2069:
2059:
2049:
2039:
2028:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1987:
1977:
1967:
1957:
1947:
1837:
1800:
1790:
1766:
1749:
1738:
1727:
1704:
1661:
1630:
1591:
1539:
1509:
1485:
1475:
1111:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
4317:
4237:
4176:
4167:
4106:
4077:
4056:
3999:
3970:
3949:
3940:
3915:
3906:
3758:
3683:
3603:
3574:
3547:
3388:
3335:
3187:
3139:
3087:
2981:
2850:
2780:
2707:
2593:
2535:
2510:
2465:
2420:
2319:
2288:
2258:
2192:
1932:
1869:
1836:
1781:
1718:
1691:
1660:
1629:
1590:
1581:
1538:
1508:
1461:
1408:
1381:
1354:
346:
320:
4220:(Horses, zebras, donkeys, rhinoceroses and tapirs)
1221:Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp.
1219:Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level.
1107:"The Gondwanan Origin of Tribosphenida (Mammalia)"
439:. This is possible thanks to key proteins called
1048:King, Benedict; Beck, Robin M. D. (2020-06-10).
132:
1217:McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997.
3850:
1264:
517:, in line with similar early mammaliaformes.
27:Subclass of mammals in the clade Theriiformes
8:
502:The earliest known therian mammal fossil is
895:"Mammalian face as an evolutionary novelty"
4305:
4173:
4074:
3967:
3946:
3912:
3857:
3843:
3835:
3680:
3669:
3553:
3396:
3195:
2990:
2789:
2777:
2773:
2760:
2516:
1940:
1929:
1916:
1697:
1587:
1468:
1458:
1445:
1387:
1360:
1351:
1287:
1271:
1257:
1249:
755:exaptation for placentation in marsupials"
48:
1130:
1081:
1032:
928:
918:
869:
790:
780:
770:
4474:Extant Middle Jurassic first appearances
4188:(Hedgehogs, shrews, moles and relatives)
4484:Taxa named by William Aitcheson Haswell
1201:. Saunders College Publishing, 565 pp.
751:"Retroviral envelope gene captures and
710:
7:
32:Otherkin § Terms and identities
1179:from the original on 8 January 2022
1175:. Field Museum of Natural History.
473:Therian mammals no longer have the
1171:Golembiewski, Kate (2 June 2016).
825:from the original on Jan 14, 2024.
25:
718:ITIS Standard Report Page: Theria
3655:
3649:
2746:
2740:
1901:
1894:
435:to live young without a shelled
342:
316:
163:
508:, from China's Late Jurassic (
491:, have lost them secondarily.
415:) but excludes the egg-laying
1:
1132:10.1080/03115518.2022.2132288
477:bone, unlike their cousins,
428:
427:Therian mammals give birth
4500:
4257:(Rabbits, hares and pikas)
4212:(Dogs, cats and relatives)
4118:(Tenrecs and golden moles)
534:
373:
36:
29:
4043:(Kangaroos and relatives)
3874:
3679:
3668:
3646:
3556:
3399:
3198:
2993:
2792:
2776:
2772:
2759:
2737:
2519:
1943:
1928:
1915:
1891:
1700:
1471:
1457:
1444:
1390:
1363:
1350:
1286:
1199:Mammalogy: Fourth Edition
978:10.1038/s41586-018-0210-3
387: 'wild beast') is a
251:
246:
160:Scientific classification
158:
127:
51:
4035:(Bilbies and bandicoots)
37:For the moth genus, see
3927:(Platypus and echidnas)
1021:National Science Review
920:10.1073/pnas.2111876118
782:10.1073/pnas.1417000112
560:: live-bearing mammals
58:Early Cretaceous–Recent
4479:Taxa described in 1897
4158:(Dugongs and manatees)
4097:(Anteaters and sloths)
1066:10.1098/rspb.2020.0943
399:. Theria includes the
153:
4423:Paleobiology Database
4027:(Quolls and dunnarts)
537:Mammal classification
152:
3745:Saint Bathans Mammal
821:. January 29, 2015.
735:Animal Diversity Web
1123:2022Alch...46..277F
970:2018Natur.558..390B
911:2021PNAS..11811876H
905:(44): e2111876118.
862:10.1002/jez.b.22469
854:2012JEZB..318..639S
772:2015PNAS..112E.487C
4011:(Monito del monte)
3190:Prototribosphenida
1693:Ornithorhynchoidea
1543:Ausktribosphenidae
1060:(1928): 20200943.
1034:10.1093/nsr/nwu070
1015:Meng, Jin (2014).
699:Patagomaia chainko
631:: therian mammals
629:Supercohort Theria
154:
4451:
4450:
4311:Taxon identifiers
4302:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4258:
4250:
4229:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4126:(Elephant shrews)
4119:
4098:
4090:
4071:
4052:
4051:
4044:
4036:
4028:
4020:
4019:(Marsupial moles)
4017:Notoryctemorphia
4012:
3991:
3983:
3980:Paucituberculata
3964:
3936:
3935:
3928:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3664:
3663:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3183:
3182:
3135:
3134:
2977:
2976:
2755:
2754:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2684:Symmetrodontoides
2540:Zhangheotheriidae
1911:
1910:
1889:
1888:
1859:multituberculates
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1720:Ornithorhynchidae
1577:
1576:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
964:(7710): 390–395.
819:UChicago Medicine
731:"Subclass Theria"
694:Placental mammals
663:
662:
582:
581:
515:Juramaia sinensis
405:placental mammals
309:
308:
242:
16:(Redirected from
4491:
4444:
4443:
4431:
4430:
4418:
4417:
4405:
4404:
4392:
4391:
4379:
4378:
4366:
4365:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4306:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4239:Euarchontoglires
4227:
4219:
4211:
4203:
4195:
4187:
4174:
4157:
4149:
4141:
4133:
4125:
4117:
4096:
4088:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4061:
4042:
4034:
4033:Peramelemorphia
4026:
4018:
4010:
3989:
3988:Didelphimorphia
3982:(Shrew opossums)
3981:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3954:
3947:
3926:
3917:Australosphenida
3913:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3836:
3736:
3726:
3716:
3706:
3696:
3681:
3670:
3659:
3654:
3653:
3562:
3554:
3535:
3525:
3515:
3505:
3495:
3485:
3475:
3465:
3455:
3445:
3435:
3425:
3415:
3405:
3397:
3378:Tendagurutherium
3338:
3315:
3305:
3295:
3285:
3275:
3265:
3255:
3244:
3234:
3224:
3214:
3204:
3196:
3142:
3006:Austrotriconodon
2991:
2984:
2961:Portopinheirodon
2813:Drescheratherium
2790:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2761:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2677:Spalacotheroides
2663:Spalacotheridium
2598:Spalacotheriidae
2596:
2538:
2517:
2468:
2423:
2322:
2291:
2261:
2197:Gobiconodontidae
2195:
2171:
2161:
2151:
2141:
2131:
2121:
2111:
2101:
2091:
2081:
2071:
2061:
2051:
2041:
2030:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1941:
1930:
1917:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1839:
1802:
1792:
1768:
1751:
1740:
1729:
1706:
1698:
1663:
1632:
1593:
1588:
1552:Ausktribosphenos
1541:
1511:
1490:Tendagurutherium
1487:
1477:
1469:
1463:Australosphenida
1459:
1446:
1388:
1361:
1352:
1345:
1344:
1288:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1250:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1215:
1209:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1168:
1162:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1117:(3–4): 277–290.
1102:
1096:
1095:
1085:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1012:
1006:
1005:
949:
943:
942:
932:
922:
890:
884:
883:
873:
833:
827:
826:
811:
805:
804:
794:
784:
774:
765:(5): E487–E496.
745:
739:
738:
726:
720:
715:
669:system instead.
587:
586:
544:
543:
434:
384:
377:
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
339:
338:
335:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
233:
168:
167:
131:
122:
59:
55:Temporal range:
49:
21:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4469:Mammal taxonomy
4454:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4439:
4434:
4426:
4421:
4413:
4408:
4400:
4395:
4387:
4382:
4374:
4369:
4361:
4356:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4313:
4303:
4286:
4233:
4218:Perissodactyla
4163:
4102:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4048:
4025:Dasyuromorphia
4009:Microbiotheria
4001:Australidelphia
3995:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3932:
3902:
3870:
3863:
3833:
3820:
3754:
3675:
3660:
3648:
3628:
3599:
3570:
3543:
3391:
3390:Tribosphenida /
3384:
3331:
3192:
3179:
3131:
3089:Mesungulatoidea
3083:
2973:
2846:
2768:
2751:
2739:
2723:
2703:
2589:
2584:Zhangheotherium
2531:
2506:
2494:Trishulotherium
2461:
2456:Volaticotherium
2416:
2403:Victoriaconodon
2324:Triconodontidae
2315:
2284:
2254:
2188:
2144:Phascolotherium
1937:
1924:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1885:
1865:
1824:
1777:
1761:Ornithorhynchus
1714:
1687:
1656:
1634:Steropodontidae
1625:
1595:Kollikodontidae
1573:
1534:
1504:
1453:
1424:
1404:
1377:
1346:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1277:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1216:
1212:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1152:
1148:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1014:
1013:
1009:
951:
950:
946:
892:
891:
887:
835:
834:
830:
813:
812:
808:
747:
746:
742:
728:
727:
723:
716:
712:
707:
675:
558:Subclass Theria
539:
533:
500:
449:rudimental ones
425:
423:Characteristics
411:(including the
403:(including the
345:
341:
319:
315:
232:
162:
151:
129:
123:
121:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
57:
56:
53:
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4497:
4495:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4456:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4432:
4419:
4406:
4393:
4380:
4367:
4354:
4339:
4323:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4276:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4243:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4182:
4180:
4178:Laurasiatheria
4171:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4132:Tubulidentata
4129:
4124:Macroscelidea
4121:
4112:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4092:
4083:
4081:
4072:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:Diprotodontia
4038:
4030:
4022:
4014:
4005:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3985:
3976:
3974:
3965:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3921:
3919:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3839:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3811:Amphitheriidae
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3776:Eutriconodonta
3773:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3732:
3722:
3712:
3702:
3691:
3689:
3686:Incertae sedis
3677:
3676:
3673:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3618:
3609:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3589:
3580:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3531:
3521:
3511:
3501:
3491:
3481:
3471:
3461:
3451:
3441:
3431:
3421:
3418:Argaliatherium
3411:
3400:
3394:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3344:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3321:
3311:
3301:
3291:
3281:
3271:
3261:
3251:
3247:Brancatherulum
3240:
3230:
3220:
3217:Amphibetulimus
3210:
3199:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3148:
3146:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3119:Peligrotherium
3115:
3108:
3101:
3098:Coloniatherium
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3071:Quirogatherium
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3038:
3034:Groebertherium
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2994:
2988:
2986:Meridiolestida
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2903:Groebertherium
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2875:Anthracolestes
2871:
2864:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2827:Henkelotherium
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2798:Brancatherulum
2793:
2787:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2691:Symmetrolestes
2687:
2680:
2673:
2670:Spalacotherium
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2621:Cifellitherium
2617:
2610:
2602:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2544:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2479:Gobiotheriodon
2474:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2444:
2441:Ichthyoconodon
2437:
2434:Argentoconodon
2429:
2427:
2425:Volaticotheria
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:Volaticotheria
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2340:Arundelconodon
2336:
2328:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2298:
2296:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2265:
2263:Jeholodentidae
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2201:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2167:
2157:
2154:Sangarotherium
2147:
2137:
2127:
2117:
2107:
2097:
2087:
2077:
2067:
2057:
2054:Indotriconodon
2047:
2037:
2026:
2015:
2005:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1944:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1846:
1844:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1798:
1787:
1785:
1783:Tachyglossidae
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1771:Patagorhynchus
1764:
1757:
1747:
1736:
1724:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1669:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1638:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1598:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1563:
1555:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1483:
1472:
1466:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1364:
1358:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1340:Mammaliaformes
1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1300:
1291:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1246:
1245:External links
1243:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1210:
1190:
1163:
1146:
1097:
1040:
1027:(4): 521–542.
1007:
944:
885:
848:(8): 639–650.
828:
806:
740:
721:
709:
708:
706:
703:
702:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
674:
671:
661:
660:
659:
658:
657:
656:
655:
654:
653:
652:
651:
650:
649:
648:
647:
646:
639:
580:
579:
578:
577:
576:
575:
568:
535:Main article:
532:
529:
499:
496:
466:after a short
453:endogenization
424:
421:
307:
306:
305:
304:
303:
302:
290:Incertae sedis
286:
283:Spelaeomolitor
278:
270:
261:
249:
248:
244:
243:
227:
223:
222:
217:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
156:
155:
125:
124:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
60:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4496:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4307:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4261:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4226:Artiodactyla
4224:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4186:Eulipotyphla
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4169:Boreoeutheria
4166:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4138:
4136:
4130:
4128:
4122:
4120:
4116:Afrosoricida
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4067:
4059:
4055:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4031:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4015:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3960:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3868:
3860:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3806:Paurodontidae
3804:
3802:
3801:Eupantotheria
3799:
3797:
3796:Symmetrodonta
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:Amphilestidae
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3709:Chronoperates
3703:
3701:
3700:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3667:
3658:
3652:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3538:Tribactonodon
3532:
3530:
3529:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3498:Kielantherium
3492:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3458:Holoclemensia
3452:
3450:
3449:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3392:Boreosphenida
3387:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3308:Palaeoxonodon
3302:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3186:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3138:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3078:Solanutherium
3075:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3064:Paraungulatum
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2980:
2970:
2969:
2968:Treslagosodon
2965:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2925:Krebsotherium
2922:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2749:
2743:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2656:Spalacolestes
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2635:Infernolestes
2632:
2630:
2629:
2628:Heishanlestes
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2570:Ningchengodon
2567:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:Trechnotheria
2509:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:Triconolestes
2445:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2411:
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2257:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:Huasteconodon
2224:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2206:Fuxinoconodon
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2148:
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2145:
2138:
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2135:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2094:Kryptotherium
2088:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1992:Chaoyangodens
1986:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1946:
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1927:
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1845:
1842:
1835:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1805:Murrayglossus
1799:
1797:
1796:
1795:Megalibgwilia
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1772:
1765:
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1699:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1665:Teinolophidae
1659:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1628:
1622:
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1269:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1244:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:0-231-11013-8
1224:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:0-03-025034-X
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1164:
1161:56(4):543-63.
1160:
1156:
1153:Hugall, A.F.
1150:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1098:
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1026:
1022:
1018:
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983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
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959:
955:
948:
945:
940:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
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889:
886:
881:
877:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
832:
829:
824:
820:
816:
810:
807:
802:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
754:
744:
741:
736:
732:
725:
722:
719:
714:
711:
704:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
672:
670:
668:
644:
640:
637:
633:
632:
630:
627:
626:
625:
624:Tribosphenida
621:
620:
619:
615:
614:
613:
609:
608:
606:
602:
601:
599:
598:
597:
596:
595:
589:
588:
585:
573:
569:
566:
562:
561:
559:
556:
555:
554:
553:
552:
546:
545:
542:
538:
530:
528:
525:
523:
518:
516:
511:
507:
506:
497:
495:
492:
490:
489:earless seals
486:
482:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
460:immune system
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
432:
422:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
383:
376:
372:
369:
368:Ancient Greek
363:
337:
313:
301:
300:
295:
294:
292:
291:
287:
285:
284:
279:
277:
276:
271:
269:
265:
262:
260:
256:
253:
252:
250:
245:
240:
236:
231:
228:
225:
224:
221:
220:Tribosphenida
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
166:
161:
157:
126:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
50:
47:
43:
41:
33:
19:
4318:
4265:(Treeshrews)
4148:Proboscidea
4089:(Armadillos)
3972:Ameridelphia
3941:
3925:Monotremata
3786:Theriiformes
3737:
3727:
3717:
3707:
3697:
3684:
3563:
3548:
3536:
3526:
3516:
3508:Pappotherium
3506:
3496:
3486:
3476:
3466:
3456:
3446:
3438:Carinalestes
3436:
3426:
3416:
3406:
3376:
3369:
3364:Peramuroides
3362:
3355:
3347:
3323:
3316:
3306:
3296:
3286:
3276:
3266:
3256:
3245:
3235:
3227:Amphitherium
3225:
3215:
3205:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:Donodontidae
3126:Reigitherium
3124:
3117:
3110:
3105:Mesungulatum
3103:
3096:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3042:Lakotalestes
3040:
3032:
3025:
3020:Casamiquelia
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2966:
2959:
2954:Phascolestes
2952:
2947:Minutolestes
2945:
2938:
2932:Lakotalestes
2930:
2923:
2916:
2911:Guimarotodus
2909:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2868:Amblotherium
2866:
2859:
2852:Dryolestidae
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2796:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2523:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2477:
2470:Tinodontidae
2454:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2361:Eotriconodon
2359:
2354:Corviconodon
2352:
2347:Astroconodon
2345:
2338:
2331:
2308:
2301:
2277:
2270:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2180:
2172:
2164:Tendagurodon
2162:
2152:
2142:
2132:
2122:
2112:
2102:
2092:
2082:
2072:
2062:
2052:
2042:
2033:Fruitafossor
2031:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1990:
1980:
1970:
1960:
1950:
1935:Theriimorpha
1922:Theriimorpha
1871:Theriimorpha
1817:
1812:Tachyglossus
1810:
1803:
1793:
1769:
1759:
1752:
1743:Monotrematum
1741:
1730:
1707:
1680:
1672:
1649:
1641:
1618:
1610:
1603:
1565:
1557:
1550:
1527:
1522:Asfaltomylos
1520:
1513:Henosferidae
1496:
1488:
1478:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1233:
1218:
1213:
1198:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1166:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1024:
1020:
1010:
961:
957:
947:
902:
898:
888:
845:
841:
831:
818:
809:
762:
758:
752:
743:
734:
724:
713:
664:
645:: placentals
638:: marsupials
628:
622:Infralegion
591:
590:
583:
574:: placentals
567:: marsupials
557:
548:
547:
540:
526:
519:
514:
503:
501:
493:
483:
472:
457:
426:
409:metatherians
397:Theriiformes
395:amongst the
381:
378:
371:
311:
310:
297:
288:
281:
273:
263:
254:
229:
213:
46:
39:
4384:iNaturalist
4343:Wikispecies
4271:Dermoptera
4263:Scandentia
4255:Lagomorpha
4204:(Pangolins)
4194:Chiroptera
4150:(Elephants)
4140:Hyracoidea
4134:(Aardvarks)
3896:(unranked)
3816:Marsupionta
3791:Pantotheria
3766:Prototheria
3719:Microderson
3528:Tirotherium
3428:Brasilestes
3357:Kouriogenys
3349:Afriquiamus
3340:Peramuridae
3325:Monotremata
3318:Vincelestes
3258:Chunnelodon
3160:Anoualestes
3153:Amazighodon
3112:Orretherium
3057:Necrolestes
2999:Amarillodon
2889:Crusafontia
2785:Dryolestida
2766:Cladotheria
2709:Cladotheria
2698:Yaverlestes
2607:Akidolestes
2577:Origolestes
2556:Kiyatherium
2525:Monotremata
2396:Trioracodon
2333:Alticonodon
2293:Klameliidae
2279:Yanoconodon
2249:Spinolestes
2242:Repenomamus
2235:Meemannodon
2213:Gobiconodon
2182:Monotremata
2124:Manchurodon
2114:Liaotherium
2104:Liaoconodon
2064:Juchilestes
2044:Hakusanodon
2022:Dyskritodon
1982:Aploconodon
1972:Amphilestes
1732:Dharragarra
1682:Teinolophos
1583:Monotremata
1498:Monotremata
684:Marsupionta
643:Placentalia
636:Marsupialia
612:Cladotheria
603:Infraclass
570:Infraclass
563:Infraclass
522:triosphenic
366:; from
4458:Categories
4210:Carnivora
4202:Pholidota
4108:Afrotheria
4087:Cingulata
4068:inclusive)
3990:(Opossums)
3961:inclusive)
3951:Metatheria
3908:Yinotheria
3892:Vertebrata
3890:Subphylum
3771:Yinotheria
3759:Other taxa
3739:Tingamarra
3729:Thereuodon
3674:Other taxa
3622:marsupials
3616:Metatheria
3605:Metatheria
3593:placentals
3565:Patagomaia
3408:Aegialodon
3298:Nanolestes
2918:Hercynodon
2896:Dryolestes
2820:Euthlastus
2806:Dorsetodon
2718:see below↓
2649:Shalbaatar
2563:Maotherium
2389:Triconodon
2375:Meiconodon
2303:Ferganodon
2272:Jeholodens
2174:Allotheria
2074:Jueconodon
2012:Condorodon
1952:Acinacodus
1880:see below↓
1853:Allotheria
1841:Allotheria
1651:Steropodon
1643:Parvopalus
1612:Kryoryctes
1605:Kollikodon
1567:Kryoparvus
1529:Henosferus
1419:see below↓
1398:Cynodontia
1383:Cynodontia
1331:Cynodontia
1322:Therapsida
1159:Syst Biol.
705:References
689:Monotremes
679:Marsupials
616:Sublegion
605:Holotheria
565:Metatheria
479:monotremes
431:Viviparity
417:monotremes
413:marsupials
407:) and the
401:eutherians
299:Tingamarra
275:Patagomaia
268:Metatheria
247:Subgroups
226:Subclass:
4279:Primates
4273:(Colugos)
4247:Rodentia
4142:(Hyraxes)
4079:Xenarthra
4066:Placental
3959:Marsupial
3699:Atlasodon
3620:includes
3591:includes
3488:Kermackia
3468:Hypomylos
3174:Stylodens
3050:Leonardus
3013:Bondesius
2940:Laolestes
2861:Achyrodon
2841:Tathiodon
2642:Lactodens
2382:Priacodon
2368:Jugulator
2220:Hangjinia
2134:Nakunodon
2084:Kemchugia
1857:includes
1819:Zaglossus
1754:Obdurodon
1674:Stirtodon
1371:Synapsida
1356:Synapsida
1313:Synapsida
1296:Kingdom:
1183:8 January
1141:0311-5518
1074:0962-8452
986:1476-4687
667:cladistic
510:Oxfordian
498:Evolution
468:pregnancy
455:process.
441:syncytins
183:Kingdom:
177:Eukaryota
4376:47048248
4328:Wikidata
4156:Sirenia
4058:Eutheria
3886:Chordata
3880:Animalia
3878:Kingdom
3587:Eutheria
3576:Eutheria
3518:Picopsis
3478:Juramaia
3268:Magnimus
3237:Arguimus
3207:Abelodon
3027:Cronopio
2882:Beckumia
2834:Paurodon
2549:Anebodon
2501:Yermakia
2310:Klamelia
1962:Amphidon
1620:Sundrius
1480:Ambondro
1451:Mammalia
1410:Mammalia
1304:Chordata
1302:Phylum:
1298:Animalia
1280:Mammalia
1177:Archived
1092:32517606
1002:49183466
994:29899454
939:34716275
880:22951979
823:Archived
801:25605903
753:syncytin
673:See also
618:Zatheria
594:Mammalia
572:Eutheria
551:Mammalia
531:Taxonomy
505:Juramaia
475:coracoid
445:placenta
389:subclass
296:Genus: †
280:Genus: †
272:Genus: †
259:Eutheria
207:Mammalia
197:Chordata
193:Phylum:
187:Animalia
173:Domain:
18:Therians
4334:Q130942
4095:Pilosa
3898:Amniota
3884:Phylum
3865:Extant
3750:UA 8699
3371:Peramus
3288:Mozomus
3278:Minimus
3167:Donodon
2487:Tinodon
2002:Comodon
1709:Opalios
1559:Bishops
1119:Bibcode
1083:7341916
966:Bibcode
930:8673075
907:Bibcode
871:3651898
850:Bibcode
792:4321253
767:Bibcode
641:Cohort
634:Cohort
610:Legion
447:, even
393:mammals
382:thēríon
239:Haswell
203:Class:
4464:Theria
4441:380416
4402:179916
4389:333419
4363:Theria
4349:Theria
4319:Theria
4196:(Bats)
3942:Theria
3869:orders
3867:mammal
3549:Theria
3448:Eomaia
2614:Aliaga
1225:
1205:
1155:et al.
1139:
1090:
1080:
1072:
1000:
992:
984:
958:Nature
937:
927:
878:
868:
799:
789:
592:Class
549:Class
485:Pinnae
375:θηρίον
312:Theria
241:, 1897
237:&
235:Parker
230:Theria
52:Theria
42:(moth)
40:Theria
4436:WoRMS
4428:39860
4415:32525
1336:Clade
1327:Clade
1318:Clade
1309:Clade
998:S2CID
464:fetus
429:(see
370:
264:Clade
255:Clade
214:Clade
4410:NCBI
4397:ITIS
3614:see
3585:see
1851:see
1396:see
1369:see
1223:ISBN
1203:ISBN
1185:2022
1137:ISSN
1088:PMID
1070:ISSN
990:PMID
982:ISSN
935:PMID
876:PMID
797:PMID
63:PreꞒ
4371:EoL
4358:ADW
1127:doi
1078:PMC
1062:doi
1058:287
1029:doi
974:doi
962:558
925:PMC
915:doi
903:118
866:PMC
858:doi
846:318
787:PMC
777:doi
763:112
437:egg
391:of
340:or
327:ɪər
4460::
4438::
4425::
4412::
4399::
4386::
4373::
4360::
4345::
4330::
1338::
1329::
1320::
1311::
1135:.
1125:.
1115:46
1113:.
1109:.
1086:.
1076:.
1068:.
1056:.
1052:.
1023:.
1019:.
996:.
988:.
980:.
972:.
960:.
956:.
933:.
923:.
913:.
901:.
897:.
874:.
864:.
856:.
844:.
840:.
817:.
795:.
785:.
775:.
761:.
757:.
733:.
481:.
353:ɛr
293::
266::
257::
216::
113:Pg
4064:(
3957:(
3858:e
3851:t
3844:v
3735:†
3725:†
3715:†
3705:†
3695:†
3561:†
3534:†
3524:†
3514:†
3504:†
3494:†
3484:†
3474:†
3464:†
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