1387:
requirements before the writing of the paper ensures adequate knowledge and aptitude for the challenge). Unlike a dissertation or master's thesis, they are not as long and they do not require a novel contribution to knowledge or even a very narrow focus on a set subtopic. Like them, they can be lengthy and require months of work, they require supervision by at least one professor adviser, they must be focused on a certain area of knowledge, and they must use an appreciable amount of scholarly citations. They may or may not be defended before a committee but usually are not; there is generally no preceding examination before the writing of the paper, except for at very few colleges. Because of the nature of the graduate thesis or dissertation having to be more narrow and more novel, the result of original research, these usually have a smaller proportion of the work that is cited from other sources, though the fact that they are lengthier may mean they still have more total citations.
1048:
presented through an elaborate written report and a presentation to the advisor, a board of faculty members and students. At graduate level however, i.e. in MS, some universities allow students to accomplish a project of 6 credits or a thesis of 9 credits, at least one publication is normally considered enough for the awarding of the degree with project and is considered mandatory for the awarding of a degree with thesis. A written report and a public thesis defense is mandatory, in the presence of a board of senior researchers, consisting of members from an outside organization or a university. A PhD candidate is supposed to accomplish extensive research work to fulfill the dissertation requirements with international publications being a mandatory requirement. The defense of the research work is done publicly.
1503:
qualifying examination are deemed capable of completing scholarly work independently and are allowed to proceed with working on a dissertation. Second, since the thesis supervisor (and the other members of the advisory committee) will normally have reviewed the thesis extensively before recommending the student to proceed to the defense, such an outcome would be regarded as a major failure not only on the part of the candidate but also by the candidate's supervisor (who should have recognized the substandard quality of the dissertation long before the defense was allowed to take place). It is also fairly rare for a thesis to be accepted without any revisions; the most common outcome of a defense is for the examiners to specify minor revisions (which the candidate typically completes in a few days or weeks).
1170:) is presented for defense in a public exam. The exam typically extends over 3 hours. The examination board typically involves 5 to 6 scholars (including the advisor) or other experts with a PhD degree (generally at least half of them must be external to the university where the candidate defends the thesis, but it may depend on the university). Each university / faculty defines the length of these documents, and it can vary also in respect to the domains (a thesis in fields like philosophy, history, geography, etc., usually has more pages than a thesis in mathematics, computer science, statistics, etc.) but typical numbers of pages are around 60–80 for MSc and 150–250 for PhD.
736:
1602:
university (usually from
Commonwealth countries). The choice of examiners must be approved by the university senate. In some public universities, a PhD or MPhil candidate may also have to show a number of publications in peer reviewed academic journals as part of the requirement. An oral viva is conducted after the examiners have submitted their reports to the university. The oral viva session is attended by the Oral Viva chairman, a rapporteur with a PhD qualification, the first examiner, the second examiner and sometimes the third examiner.
1242:
79:
2555:
1847:, the student must submit a complete copy of the thesis to the appropriate body within the accepting institution, along with the appropriate forms, bearing the signatures of the primary supervisor, the examiners, and in some cases, the head of the student's department. Other required forms may include library authorizations (giving the university library permission to make the thesis available as part of its collection) and
1653:(someone not otherwise connected to the university), and a chair person. Each committee member will have been given a completed copy of the dissertation prior to the defense, and will come prepared to ask questions about the thesis itself and the subject matter. In many schools, master's thesis defenses are restricted to the examinee and the examiners, but doctoral defenses are open to the public.
1783:
423:
1688:(DEA) lasted two years and candidates were required to complete coursework and demonstrate their ability to research the specific topics they have studied. From 2011 on, these courses were replaced by academic Master's programmes that include specific training on epistemology, and scientific methodology. After its completion, students are able to enroll in a specific PhD programme (
1030:(kz "магистрлік/докторлық диссертация"). All the works are publicly presented to the special council at the end of the training, which thoroughly examines the work. PhD candidates may be allowed to present their work without a written thesis, if they provide enough publications in leading journals of the field, and one of which should be a review article specifically.
3190:
227:
2569:
1769:
members of the faculty or the university to attend. At the
University of Oxford, for instance, any member of the university may attend a DPhil viva (the university's regulations require that details of the examination and its time and place be published formally in advance) provided they attend in full academic dress.
518:, respectively. According to a committee resolution, the dissertation can be approved or rejected by an academic committee consisting of the thesis director and at least one evaluator. All the dissertation referees must already have achieved at least the academic degree that the candidate is trying to reach.
1476:
confirmation that they have been satisfactorily completed. If, as is often the case, the needed revisions are relatively modest, the examiners may all sign the thesis with the verbal understanding that the candidate will review the revised thesis with their supervisor before submitting the completed version.
1288:). A licentiate degree is approximately "half a PhD" in terms of the size and scope of the thesis. Swedish PhD studies should in theory last for four years, including course work and thesis work, but as many PhD students also teach, the PhD often takes longer to complete. The thesis can be written as a
1486:
The thesis must be revised extensively and undergo the evaluation and defense process again from the beginning with the same examiners. Problems may include theoretical or methodological issues. A candidate who is not recommended for the degree after the second defense must normally withdraw from the
1103:
presentations (though this varies across universities), whereas a master thesis or doctorate dissertation is accomplished in the last term alone and is defended once. In most universities, a thesis is required for the bestowment of a degree to a candidate alongside a number of units earned throughout
408:
The role of the thesis supervisor is to assist and support a student in their studies, and to determine whether a thesis is ready for examination. The thesis is authored by the student, not the supervisor. The duties of the thesis supervisor also include checking for copyright compliance and ensuring
1542:
Similar to a thesis for a master's degree by research, a thesis for the research component of a master's degree by coursework is also usually examined by two examiners, one from the candidate's department and one from another university. For an
Honours year, which is a fourth year in addition to the
1538:
have shifted to using only two examiners) without a live defense except in extremely rare exceptions. In the case of a master's degree by research, the thesis is usually examined by only two examiners. Typically, one of these examiners will be from within the candidate's own department; the other(s)
1091:
to be submitted before being allowed to write a thesis. This project is mostly given as a prerequisite writing course to the actual thesis and is accomplished in the term period before; supervision is provided by one professor assigned to a class. This project is later to be presented in front of an
399:
or prospectus meeting, and may consist of members of the comps committee. The committee members are doctors in their field (whether a PhD or other designation) and have the task of reading the dissertation, making suggestions for changes and improvements, and sitting in on the defense. Sometimes, at
1936:
Originally, the concepts "dissertation" and "thesis" (plural, "theses") were not interchangeable. When, at ancient universities, the lector had completed his lecture, there would traditionally follow a disputation, during which students could take up certain points and argue them. The position that
1013:
In Italy there are normally three types of thesis. In order of complexity: one for the Laurea (equivalent to the UK Bachelor's Degree), another one for the Laurea
Magistrale (equivalent to the UK Master's Degree) and then a thesis to complete the Dottorato di Ricerca (PhD). Thesis requirements vary
1601:
Like the
British model, the PhD or MPhil student is required to submit their thesis or dissertation for examination by two or three examiners. The first examiner is from the university concerned, the second examiner is from another local university and the third examiner is from a suitable foreign
1047:
In
Pakistan, at undergraduate level the thesis is usually called final year project, as it is completed in the senior year of the degree, the name project usually implies that the work carried out is less extensive than a thesis and bears lesser credit hours too. The undergraduate level project is
1038:
Malaysian universities often follow the
British model for dissertations and degrees. However, a few universities follow the United States model for theses and dissertations. Some public universities have both British and US style PhD programs. Branch campuses of British, Australian and Middle East
786:
In the presence of my peers. With the completion of my doctorate in , in my quest for knowledge, I have carried out demanding research, demonstrated intellectual rigour, ethical reflection, and respect for the principles of research integrity. As I pursue my professional career, whatever my chosen
1768:
In the United
Kingdom, there are only two or at most three examiners, and in many universities the examination is held in private. The candidate's primary supervisor is not permitted to ask or answer questions during the viva, and their presence is not necessary. However, some universities permit
1452:(in which case the candidate may immediately be considered to have received their degree), or at a later date, in which case the examiners may prepare a defense report that is forwarded to a Board or Committee of Postgraduate Studies, which then officially recommends the candidate for the degree.
1358:
A wide range of supervisory arrangements can be found in the
British academy, from single supervisors (more usual for undergraduate and Masters level work) to supervisory teams of up to three supervisors. In teams, there will often be a Director of Studies, usually someone with broader experience
1502:
At most North
American institutions the latter two verdicts are extremely rare, for two reasons. First, to obtain the status of doctoral candidates, graduate students typically pass a qualifying examination or comprehensive examination, which often includes an oral defense. Students who pass the
1431:
in the UK and certain other English-speaking countries). This examination normally occurs after the dissertation is finished but before it is submitted to the university, and may comprise a presentation (often public) by the student and questions posed by an examining committee or jury. In North
1390:
Specific undergraduate courses, especially writing-intensive courses or courses taken by upperclassmen, may also require one or more extensive written assignments referred to variously as theses, essays, or papers. Increasingly, high schools are requiring students to complete a senior project or
1108:
and a written report can be achieved instead. The examination board often consists of three to five examiners, often professors in a university (with a Masters or PhD degree) depending on the university's examination rules. Required word length, complexity, and contribution to scholarship varies
1863:. Specialist abstracting services exist to publicize the content of these beyond the institutions in which they are produced. Many institutions now insist on submission of digitized as well as printed copies of theses; the digitized versions of successful theses are often made available online.
1764:
from a different university. Increasingly, the examination may involve a third academic, the 'chair'; this person, from the candidate's institution, acts as an impartial observer with oversight of the examination process to ensure that the examination is fair. The 'chair' does not ask academic
1668:
A student in Russia or Ukraine has to complete a thesis and then defend it in front of their department. Sometimes the defense meeting is made up of the learning institute's professionals and sometimes the students peers are allowed to view or join in. After the presentation and defense of the
1475:
Revisions (for example, correction of numerous grammatical or spelling errors; clarification of concepts or methodology; an addition of sections) are required. One or more members of the jury or the thesis supervisor will make the decision on the acceptability of revisions and provide written
275:
Dissertations normally report on a research project or study, or an extended analysis of a topic. The structure of a thesis or dissertation explains the purpose, the previous research literature impinging on the topic of the study, the methods used, and the findings of the project. Most world
217:
For Aristotle, a thesis would therefore be a supposition that is stated in contradiction with general opinion or express disagreement with other philosophers (104b33-35). A supposition is a statement or opinion that may or may not be true depending on the evidence and/or proof that is offered
271:
or more usually a references section. They differ in their structure in accordance with the many different areas of study (arts, humanities, social sciences, technology, sciences, etc.) and the differences between them. In a thesis by publication, the chapters constitute an introductory and
1613:
In the Philippines, a thesis is followed by an oral defense. In most universities, this applies to all bachelor, master, and doctorate degrees. However, the oral defense is held in once per semester (usually in the middle or by the end) with a presentation of revisions (so-called "plenary
1386:
academic designation. These projects are called "senior projects" or "senior theses"; they are generally done in the senior year near graduation after having completed other courses, the independent study period, and the internship or student teaching period (the completion of most of the
920:
In India, PG Qualifications such as MSc Physics accompanies submission of dissertation in Part I and submission of a Project (a working model of an innovation) in Part II. Engineering and Designing qualifications such as BTech, B.E., B.Des, MTech, M.E. or M.Des also involves submission of
1092:
academic panel, often the entire faculty of an academic department, with their recommendations contributing to the acceptance, revision, or rejection of the initial topic. In addition, the presentation of the research project will help the candidate choose their primary thesis adviser.
1359:(perhaps having passed some threshold of successful supervisions). The Director may be involved with regular supervision along with the other supervisors, or may have more of an oversight role, with the other supervisors taking on the more day-to-day responsibilities of supervision.
344:
practice can cause confusion where electronic document viewers number all pages of a document continuously from the first page, independent of any printed page numbers. They, therefore, avoid the traditional separate number sequence for front matter and require a single sequence of
1197:). To complete both bachelor's and master's degree, a student is required to write a thesis and to then defend the work publicly. The length of this manuscript usually is given in page count and depends upon educational institution, its departments, faculties, and fields of study
755:
and it is reserved for the final work of doctoral candidates. The minimum page length is generally (and not formally) 100 pages (or about 400,000 characters), but is usually several times longer (except for technical theses and for "exact sciences" such as physics and maths).
1402:
Generally speaking, a dissertation is judged as to whether it makes an original and unique contribution to scholarship. Lesser projects (a master's thesis, for example) are judged by whether they demonstrate mastery of available scholarship in the presentation of an idea.
598:
A typical undergraduate paper or essay might be forty pages. Master's theses are approximately one hundred pages. PhD theses are usually over two hundred pages. This may vary greatly by discipline, program, college, or university. A study published in 2021 found that in
1659:
At some U.S. institutions, a longer public lecture (known as a "thesis talk" or "thesis seminar") by the candidate will accompany the defense itself, in which case only the candidate, the examiners, and other members of the faculty may attend the actual defense.
1005:) in their Doctorate degree, both of which requiring the students to defend their research before a committee and gaining their approval. Most of the norms and rules of writing a thesis or a dissertation are influenced by the French higher education system.
308:
that candidates have to follow when preparing a thesis document. In addition to institution-specific house styles, there exist a number of field-specific, national, and international standards and recommendations for the presentation of theses, for instance
965:. Undergraduate students usually begin to write their final assignment in their third, fourth or fifth enrollment year, depends on the requirements of their respective disciplines and universities. In some universities, students are required to write a
1859:) use copyright agreements that allow the authors to incorporate their published articles into dissertations without separate authorization. Once all the paperwork is in order, copies of the thesis may be made available in one or more university
1432:
America, an initial oral examination in the field of specialization may take place just before the student settles down to work on the dissertation. An additional oral exam may take place after the dissertation is completed and is known as a
1497:
The thesis is unacceptable and the candidate must withdraw from the program. This verdict is given only when the thesis requires major revisions and when the examination makes it clear that the candidate is incapable of making such
1543:
usual three-year bachelor's degree, the thesis is also examined by two examiners, though both are usually from the candidate's own department. Honours and Master's theses sometimes require an oral defense before they are accepted.
1703:), with an average of 250 pages, is the main requisite along with typically one previously published journal article. Once candidates have published their written dissertations, they will be evaluated by two external academics (
367:
However, strict standards are not always required. Most Italian universities, for example, have only general requirements on the character size and the page formatting, and leave much freedom for the actual typographic details.
1367:
In some U.S. doctoral programs, the "dissertation" can take up the major part of the student's total time spent (along with two or three years of classes) and may take years of full-time work to complete. At most universities,
1233:"bakalárska práca" for bachelors programme, master's thesis or "diplomová práca" for master's degrees, and also doctor of medicine or dentistry degrees and dissertation "dizertačná práca" for Philosophiae doctor (PhD.) degree.
630:(literally "final work" or "concluding work") is defended after 3 years of study and is about 30 pages long. Most students with bachelor's degrees continue onto master's programmes which end with a master's thesis called
973:(thesis proposal) before they could write their final assignment. If the thesis proposal is considered to fulfill the qualification by the academic examiners, students then may proceed to write their final assignment.
2123:
1153:
is reserved for PhD and Habilitation degrees. All the theses need to be "defended" by the author during a special examination for the given degree. Examinations for PhD and Habilitation degrees are public.
213:
A 'thesis' is a supposition of some eminent philosopher that conflicts with the general opinion...for to take notice when any ordinary person expresses views contrary to men's usual opinions would be silly.
1464:
The thesis is accepted as presented. A grade may be awarded, though in many countries PhDs are not graded at all, and in others, only one of the theoretically possible grades (the highest) is ever used in
912:
are two examiners, one guide (student guide) and the candidate. One examiner is an academic from the candidate's own university department (but not one of the candidate's supervisors) and the other is an
703:, which make up the majority of degrees conferred in Finland, and this is therefore the most common type of thesis submitted in the country. The equivalent for engineering and architecture students is
1676:
of the educational institute. This conclusion (final grade so to speak) of the thesis can be defended/argued not only at the thesis council, but also in any other thesis council of Russia or Ukraine.
157:
The required complexity or quality of research of a thesis or dissertation can vary by country, university, or program, and the required minimum study period may thus vary significantly in duration.
1382:
is also used to describe a cumulative project for a bachelor's degree and is more common at selective colleges and universities, or for those seeking admittance to graduate school or to obtain an
2394:
610:(LAC) through a partnership with Canadian universities who participate in the program. Most theses can also be found in the institutional repository of the university the student graduated from.
2524:
1166:) is required for completion of a master's degree. The defense is done in a public presentation in which teachers, students, and the general public can participate. For the PhD, a thesis (
1760:
are two examiners and the candidate. Usually, one examiner is an academic from the candidate's own university department (but not one of the candidate's supervisors) and the other is an
292:
e) an analysis and discussion chapter: analysing the findings and discussing them in the context of the literature review (this chapter is often divided into two—analysis and discussion)
1539:
will usually be from other universities and often from overseas. Following submission of the thesis, copies are sent by mail to examiners and then reports sent back to the institution.
1614:
presentation") at the end of each semester. The oral defense is typically not held in public for bachelor and master oral defenses, however a colloquium is held for doctorate degrees.
1692:) and begin a dissertation on a set topic for a maximum time of three years (full-time) and five years (part-time). All students must have a full professor as an academic advisor (
1559:, master's and doctoral degrees as well as to most bachelor's degrees. However, a process that allows for revisions of the thesis is usually only implemented for doctoral degrees.
1221:(doctoral dissertation). In pre Bologna programmes students were able to skip the preparation and presentation of a Master's thesis and continue straightforward towards doctorate.
388:
and two or more committee members, who supervise the progress of the dissertation and may also act as the examining committee, or jury, at the oral examination of the thesis (see
1707:) and subsequently it is usually exhibited publicly for fifteen natural days. After its approval, candidates must defend publicly their research before a three-member committee (
1649:
The examining committee normally consists of the thesis committee, usually a given number of professors mainly from the student's university plus their primary supervisor, an
1095:
An undergraduate thesis is completed in the final year of the degree alongside existing seminar (lecture) or laboratory courses, and is often divided into two presentations:
2343:
2185:
1605:
Branch campuses of British, Australian and Middle East universities in Malaysia use the respective models of the home campuses to examine their PhD or MPhil candidates.
286:
c) a methodology chapter, explaining how the research has been designed and why the research methods/population/data collection and analysis being used have been chosen
1622:
In Portugal, a thesis is examined with an oral defense, which includes an initial presentation by the candidate followed by an extensive question and answer session.
1189:
In Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine an academic dissertation or thesis is called what can be literally translated as a "master's degree work" (thesis), whereas the word
3215:
3152:
2011:
1593:
In each case, what exactly is expected differs between universities and between faculties. Some universities also demand a combination of several of these forms.
490:, in all the cases the students must develop original contribution in the chosen fields by means of several paper work and essays that comprehend the body of the
646:
In the Czech Republic, higher education is completed by passing all classes remaining to the educational compendium for given degree and defending a thesis. For
3137:
2980:
2629:
1396:
1014:
greatly between degrees and disciplines, ranging from as low as 3–4 ECTS credits to more than 30. Thesis work is mandatory for the completion of a degree.
94:) by Guilielmus ab Irhoven (Willem van Irhoven) on the authority of the Rector magnificus Johannes Jacobus Vitriarius (Jan Jacob Glazenmaker), 7 July 1721.
486:, the academic dissertation can be referred to as different stages inside the academic program that the student is seeking to achieve into a recognized
364:, order of components, and citation style, will be checked page by page by the accepting officer before the thesis is accepted and a receipt is issued.
2573:
3147:
2528:
218:(152b32). The purpose of the dissertation is thus to outline the proofs of why the author disagrees with other philosophers or the general opinion.
2043:
2015:
1656:
The typical format will see the candidate giving a short (20–40-minute) presentation of their research, followed by one to two hours of questions.
831:
Length is often given in page count and depends upon departments, faculties, and fields of study. A bachelor's thesis is often 40–60 pages long, a
787:
field, I pledge, to the greatest of my ability, to continue to maintain integrity in my relationship to knowledge, in my methods and in my results.
1851:
permissions (in the event that the student has incorporated copyrighted materials in the thesis). Many large scientific publishing houses (e.g.
2467:
2317:
782:
Since 2023, at the end of the admission process, the doctoral student takes an oath of commitment to the principles of scientific integrity
1440:, which at some universities may be a mere formality and at others may result in the student being required to make significant revisions.
1209:
is a prerequisite for completing undergraduate studies. The thesis used to be 40–60 pages long, but has been reduced to 20–30 pages in new
735:
595:(here too, the latter requires more courses). All these documents are usually synthetic monograph related to the student's research work.
2153:
482:
395:
At most universities, the committee is chosen by the student in conjunction with their primary adviser, usually after completion of the
2370:"A habilitation: Arabic translation, meaning, synonyms, antonyms, pronunciation, example sentences, transcription, definition, phrases"
1669:
thesis, the final conclusion of the department should be that none of them have reservations on the content and quality of the thesis.
2907:
2251:
1217:(Master's thesis) that is longer and more detailed than the undergraduate thesis. The required submission for the doctorate is called
2273:
1056:
In the Philippines, an academic thesis is named by the degree, such as bachelor/undergraduate thesis or masteral thesis. However, in
622:
in Croatia, a degree is obtained by defending a thesis after having passed all the classes specified in the degree programme. In the
2970:
2622:
1830:
487:
462:
1570:("defense"), is usually public (at least to members of the university) and is focused on the topic of the thesis. In contrast, the
384:) is a committee that supervises a student's dissertation. In the US, these committees usually consist of a primary supervisor or
1265:/two-year master's thesis, which corresponds to 30 HP or 20 weeks of independent studies. The undergraduate theses are called
2917:
1808:
1527:
527:
444:
1937:
one took during a disputation was the thesis, while the dissertation was the line of reasoning with which one buttressed it.
707:. At many Finnish universities, the 21st century has seen a substantial reduction in the requirements for this thesis level.
3230:
3167:
2419:
2295:
1531:
70:
3162:
3132:
2615:
587:"' (the latter requires the student to take more courses). For the fulfillment of a doctoral degree, they may present a
1249:
In Sweden, there are different types of theses. Practices and definitions vary between fields but commonly include the
3127:
2126:
See also M. Rogers, M. Sims, J. Bird and S. Elliott (2020) Organisational narratives vs the lived neoliberal reality.
883:
607:
2124:
Imperial College London, 'Roles and Responsibilities: Research Degree Supervision'. July 2014. Accessed 17 March 2020
409:
that the student has included in/with the thesis a statement attesting that he/she is the sole author of the thesis.
251:, with or without appended papers, respectively, though many graduate programs allow candidates to submit a curated
3180:
3142:
3122:
1685:
1415:
600:
1406:
The required complexity or quality of research of a thesis may vary significantly among universities or programs.
1068:(as in the case of "doctoral dissertation"), though in official documentation the former is still used. The terms
400:
least one member of the committee must be a professor in a department that is different from that of the student.
336:(title page, abstract, table of content, etc.) must use a separate page number sequence from the main text, using
1882:
1535:
396:
38:
560:(Honours Seminar Thesis). Major papers presented as the final project for a master's degree are normally called
3220:
2485:
1793:
1510:
stage to be subject to major revisions in which a substantial rewrite is required, sometimes followed by a new
922:
280:
a) an introduction: which introduces the research topic, the methodology, as well as its scope and significance
1241:
267:, comprising the various chapters like introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and
2139:
M. Rogers, M. Sims, J. Bird and S. Elliott (2020) Organisational narratives vs the lived neoliberal reality.
3059:
3003:
2559:
1843:
A submission of the thesis is the last formal requirement for most students after the defense. By the final
1812:
1804:
1797:
942:
531:
440:
433:
78:
63:
3099:
2815:
2771:
2073:. Vol. 1. Translated by Pickard-Cambridge, W.A. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. Bk. I.11 104b19–23.
1902:
1897:
1887:
634:(literally "diploma work" or "graduate work"). The term dissertation is used for a doctoral degree paper (
283:
b) a literature review: reviewing relevant literature and showing how this has informed the research issue
252:
2597:
550:. High-quality research papers presented as the empirical study of a "postgraduate" consecutive bachelor
3089:
3064:
2841:
2750:
2662:
2047:
1194:
744:
686:
244:
122:
or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings. In some contexts, the word
1586:, which generally refers to a usually public scientific discussion and is often used synonymously with
546:. A longer paper or essay presented for completion of a 4-year bachelor's degree is sometimes called a
1332:
is the more common term for a substantial project submitted as part of a taught master's degree or an
494:. Correspondingly to the academic degree, the last phase of an academic thesis is called in Spanish a
3157:
3079:
3044:
2998:
2886:
2846:
2831:
1515:
1333:
682:
654:(bachelor's thesis), for master's degrees and also doctor of medicine or dentistry degrees it is the
647:
231:
127:
2680:
2638:
1912:
1852:
1277:
719:
700:
579:
At French-language universities, for the fulfillment of a master's degree, students can present a "
507:
147:
1981:
921:
dissertation. In all the cases, the dissertation can be extended for summer internship at certain
3049:
2685:
2657:
2369:
1877:
1293:
1057:
619:
260:
1643:
1578:) is not held in public and also encompasses fields in addition to the topic of the thesis. The
511:
131:
1730:) lasts 45 minutes and all attendants holding a doctoral degree are eligible to ask questions.
1526:
In Australia, doctoral theses are usually examined by three examiners (although some, like the
3225:
3210:
3105:
2993:
2960:
2781:
2702:
1761:
1673:
1650:
1556:
1551:
In Germany, a thesis is usually examined with an oral examination. This applies to almost all
1337:
914:
603:, between 2000 and 2020, master's and PhD theses averaged 127.4 and 245.6 pages respectively.
310:
264:
83:
2160:
1355:
Thesis word lengths may differ by faculty/department and are set by individual universities.
1261:/one year master's thesis, which corresponds to 15 HP or 10 weeks of independent studies and
1076:
are commonly used interchangeably in everyday language yet it is generally understood that a
3194:
3094:
3008:
2730:
2652:
1907:
1421:
One of the requirements for certain advanced degrees is often an oral examination (called a
1391:
senior thesis on a chosen topic during the final year as a prerequisite for graduation. The
1341:
986:
385:
143:
2110:
360:(where a copy of the dissertation will become a permanent part of the library collection),
3235:
3069:
2866:
2856:
2803:
2786:
2712:
2601:
1892:
1872:
1399:, offered in a growing number of American high schools, is another example of this trend.
1258:
1210:
962:
835:
and a master's thesis usually 60–100. The required submission for a doctorate is called a
623:
357:
346:
119:
1087:
The Philippine system is influenced by American collegiate system, in that it requires a
356:
Presentation requirements, including pagination, layout, type and color of paper, use of
772:
in French is reserved for shorter (1,000–2,000 words), more generic academic treatises.
3018:
2988:
2924:
2891:
2861:
2810:
2697:
2692:
1756:
lasts for approximately 3 hours, though there is no formal time limit. Involved in the
1392:
740:
723:
662:. Thesis for so called Higher-Professional School (Vyšší odborná škola, VOŠ) is called
551:
337:
2554:
820:). For bachelor's and master's degrees, the name can alternatively be complemented by
606:
Theses Canada acquires and preserves a comprehensive collection of Canadian theses at
340:. The relevant international standard and many newer style guides recognize that this
3204:
3074:
2881:
2851:
2735:
2720:
1448:
The result of the examination may be given immediately following deliberation by the
2318:"Tutkielma ja kypsyysnäyte maisteri- ja lisensiaattiohjelmissa | Opiskelijan ohjeet"
1383:
1138:
859:
844:
268:
2579:
1229:
In Slovakia, higher education is completed by defending a thesis, which is called
272:
comprehensive review of the appended published and unpublished article documents.
1253:/Bachelor thesis, which corresponds to 15 HP or 10 weeks of independent studies,
1026:(kz "бакалаврдың дипломдық жұмысы"), while the master's and PhD degree require a
3054:
2912:
2871:
2725:
1782:
765:, the French equivalent of a master's thesis in other higher education systems.
658:(master's thesis), and for Philosophiae doctor (PhD.) degree it is dissertation
422:
341:
333:
305:
191:
146:. In other contexts, such as within most institutions of the United Kingdom and
2423:
2028:
1965:
154:
is sometimes used to refer to both master's theses and doctoral dissertations.
2934:
2836:
1844:
1104:
their academic period of stay, though for practice and skills-based degrees a
761:
674:
The following types of thesis are used in Finland (names in Finnish/Swedish):
361:
256:
17:
2445:
1738:
In Hong Kong, Ireland and the United Kingdom, the thesis defense is called a
1582:
is only common for doctoral degrees. Another term for an oral examination is
1562:
There are several different kinds of oral examinations used in practice. The
2955:
2798:
2583:
1848:
1639:
1575:
1506:
At universities on the British pattern it is not uncommon for theses at the
1423:
1325:
1289:
934:
759:
To complete a master's degree in research, a student is required to write a
565:
515:
326:
248:
206:
139:
2344:"Recherche : les docteurs ès sciences prêtent désormais aussi serment"
953:
3189:
2568:
1121:(bachelor's thesis) or the similar level degree in engineering requires a
226:
3028:
3023:
2950:
2740:
1917:
1856:
1039:
universities in Malaysia use the respective models of the home campuses.
314:
165:
847:, which is an academic qualification, not an academic degree, is called
172:
is also used to refer to the general claim of an essay or similar work.
2965:
2929:
2876:
2580:
en.wikibooks.org/ETD Guide Guide to electronic theses and dissertations
1860:
1514:. Very rarely, the thesis may be awarded the lesser degree of M.Phil. (
947:
447: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
318:
2607:
1125:(engineer's thesis/bachelor's thesis), the master's degree requires a
961:(final assignment), which is mostly mandatory for the completion of a
3013:
2776:
1552:
1316:
are interchangeable. At universities in the United Kingdom, the term
322:
2604:
Database of UK Doctoral theses available through the British Library
1711:) with at least one visiting academic: chair, secretary and member (
800:
or, more specifically, the basic name of the degree complemented by
295:
f) a conclusion: which shows judgement or decision reached by thesis
289:
d) a findings chapter: outlining the findings of the research itself
1129:(master's thesis). The academic dissertation for a PhD is called a
3084:
2745:
2446:"On approval of the Model Regulations on the Dissertation Council"
2229:
2207:
1745:
1518:) instead, preventing the candidate from resubmitting the thesis.
1240:
1080:
refers to bachelor/undergraduate and master academic work while a
901:
734:
681:
is the dissertation associated with lower-level academic degrees (
350:
225:
199:
77:
2448:. Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1213:
programmes. To complete Master's studies, a candidate must write
695:, colloquially referred to simply as 'gradu', now referred to as
2793:
2252:"Les thèses et les mémoires publiés au Québec raccourcissent..."
1349:
1345:
1321:
982:
2611:
2018:, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1986.
1372:
is the term for the required submission for the doctorate, and
1296:; in the latter case, the introductory chapters are called the
564:; and major papers presenting the student's research towards a
506:
in cases in which the university candidate is finalizing their
190:, meaning "something put forth", and refers to an intellectual
1776:
416:
2594:
2468:"Como dizer "TCC - Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso" em inglês"
2193:
699:
by many degree-awarding institutions is the dissertation for
185:
858:
A doctoral degree is often earned with multiple levels of a
118:), is a document submitted in support of candidature for an
1982:"Subject Guides: Citation Help: Dissertations & Theses"
870:(duly). A thesis can also be rejected with a Latin remark (
751:
In France, the academic dissertation or thesis is called a
168:
without relation to obtaining an academic degree. The term
1276:
After that there are two types of post graduate theses:
1022:
In Kazakhstan, a bachelor's degree typically requires a
413:
Regional and degree-specific practices and terminologies
86:
shown on the frontispiece of a PhD thesis, Netherlands.
2588:
2232:. Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM). 2 August 2012
2210:. Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM). 2 August 2012
1205:
At universities in Slovenia, an academic thesis called
42:
2296:"List of institutional digital repositories in Canada"
957:. In general, those three terms are usually called as
941:
is used specifically to refer to master's theses. The
3178:
2589:
Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
1672:
A conclusion on the thesis has to be approved by the
985:, usually students are required to present a thesis (
209:
was the first philosopher to define the term thesis.
304:
Degree-awarding institutions often define their own
3115:
3037:
2979:
2943:
2900:
2824:
2759:
2711:
2673:
2645:
1181:(Final Term / Undergraduate Thesis / Final Paper).
313:. Other applicable international standards include
88:
Disputatio philosophica inauguralis de spatio vacuo
69:"Dissertation" redirects here. For other uses, see
1117:In Poland, a bachelor's degree usually requires a
92:Inaugural Philosophical Disputation on Empty Space
2525:"Oxford University Examination Regulations, 2007"
2069:Aristotle (1928). "Topica". In Ross, W.D. (ed.).
1970:, pp. 23-27. Leiden University Library, 2005
1245:Cover page of a licentiate dissertation in Sweden
1376:refers only to the master's degree requirement.
349:starting with 1 for the first printed page (the
243:A thesis (or dissertation) may be arranged as a
1696:) and a tutor, who is usually the same person.
996:) in their master's degree and a dissertation (
784:
556:or Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree are called
2486:"introductory chapter of a compilation thesis"
2623:
2276:. Library and Archives Canada. 29 August 2022
1455:Potential decisions (or "verdicts") include:
1397:International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme
997:
276:universities use a multiple chapter format:
8:
2298:. Canadian Association of Research Libraries
2016:Presentation of theses and similar documents
951:, while the doctoral dissertation is called
693:Pro gradu(-tutkielma)/(avhandling) pro gradu
534:coursework requirements are normally called
2395:"Habilitation and equivalent qualification"
1811:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1739:
1109:widely across universities in the country.
895:
26:
2630:
2616:
2608:
1308:Outside the academic community, the terms
1173:In Brazil the Bachelor's Thesis is called
882:). Bachelor's and master's theses receive
2006:
2004:
2002:
1831:Learn how and when to remove this message
796:In Germany, an academic thesis is called
712:lisensiaatintutkielma/licentiatavhandling
463:Learn how and when to remove this message
1162:In Portugal and Brazil, a dissertation (
894:In India the thesis defense is called a
389:
82:Dutch 18th century doctoral ceremony at
32:This is an accepted version of this page
3185:
1950:
1929:
1328:) and research master's degrees, while
925:organizations or also as PhD synopsis.
716:(tohtorin)väitöskirja/doktorsavhandling
679:Kandidaatintutkielma/kandidatavhandling
530:, writings presented in fulfillment of
28:
2514:, McGraw-Hill International, pp. 79–85
1273:, especially at technical programmes.
626:system, the bachelor's thesis, called
3216:Educational assessment and evaluation
3138:Academic databases and search engines
2111:"Italian Studies MA Thesis Work Plan"
1734:United Kingdom, Ireland and Hong Kong
739:The cover of the thesis presented by
332:Some older house styles specify that
142:. This is the typical arrangement in
7:
1809:adding citations to reliable sources
710:The highest-level theses are called
445:adding citations to reliable sources
2422:. Ece.iisc.ernet.in. Archived from
998:
990:
862:remark for the thesis ranging from
164:can at times be used to describe a
126:or a cognate is used for part of a
103:
2908:Academic journal publishing reform
2399:Friedrich Schiller University Jena
2033:, Leiden University Library, 2005.
1748:for 'by live voice') examination (
1459:Accepted/pass with no corrections.
904:for "by live voice") examination (
57:
2574:Academic theses and dissertations
2492:. Universitets- och högskolerådet
2027:Douwe Breimer, Jos Damen et al.:
1726:A typical public Thesis Defence (
1193:is reserved for doctoral theses (
886:from 1.0 (best) to 5.0 (failed).
321:on bibliographic references, and
3188:
2567:
2553:
2527:. Admin.ox.ac.uk. Archived from
2141:Australian Universities' Review.
2128:Australian Universities' Review.
1781:
421:
222:Structure and presentation style
150:, the reverse is true. The term
1320:is usually associated with PhD/
687:universities of applied science
650:programme the thesis is called
432:needs additional citations for
2350:(in French). 13 September 2022
1642:candidates, and sometimes for
1528:Australian Catholic University
1179:Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
1028:master's/doctoral dissertation
255:. An ordinary monograph has a
1:
3168:Category:Scientific documents
2558:The dictionary definition of
2098:Surviving your dissertation.
2096:Rudestam & Newton (2007)
1686:Diploma de estudios avanzados
1638:is the final examination for
1532:University of New South Wales
1084:is named for doctorate work.
917:from a different university.
71:Dissertation (disambiguation)
3163:Category:Academic publishing
2230:"Terminologie universitaire"
2208:"Terminologie universitaire"
1957:Olga Weijers: "The medieval
1765:questions of the candidate.
1481:Extensive revision required.
1470:The thesis must be revised.
1064:is typically replaced with
908:in short). Involved in the
608:Library and Archives Canada
234:'s university thesis (1841)
3252:
2981:Indexes and search engines
2420:"MSc Engg and PhD in IISc"
2030:Hora est! On dissertations
1967:Hora est! On dissertations
1416:Rigorosum (disambiguation)
1413:
397:comprehensive examinations
390:§ Thesis examinations
186:
184:comes from the Greek word
68:
61:
59:Work by academic candidate
1883:Comprehensive examination
1536:Western Sydney University
1137:. The submission for the
404:Role of thesis supervisor
138:is normally applied to a
1980:Nieves-Whitmore, Kaeli.
1414:Not to be confused with
1284:) and PhD dissertation (
1185:Russia, Belarus, Ukraine
1147:dysertacja habilitacyjna
923:research and development
775:The defense is called a
329:on quantities or units.
205:, meaning "discussion".
39:latest accepted revision
3158:Style/formatting guides
3060:Scholarly communication
2760:Other publication types
2512:How to Examine a Thesis
2010:International Standard
1024:bachelor's diploma work
843:. The submission for a
705:diplomityö/diplomarbete
64:Thesis (disambiguation)
3100:Least publishable unit
2772:Collection of articles
2087:. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
2071:The Works of Aristotle
1903:Collection of articles
1898:Postgraduate education
1888:Dissertation Abstracts
1752:for short). A typical
1740:
1630:In North America, the
1246:
896:
789:
748:
726:degrees, respectively.
382:dissertation committee
253:collection of articles
235:
215:
95:
3090:Electronic publishing
3065:Scientific literature
2842:Article-level metrics
2600:24 April 2021 at the
2510:Pearce, Lynne (2005)
2085:Your Research Project
2044:"The Graduate Thesis"
1690:programa de doctorado
1450:examination committee
1269:("essay"), sometimes
1244:
1219:doktorska disertacija
1195:Candidate of Sciences
745:Doctorate of Medicine
738:
636:doktorska disertacija
528:Canadian universities
245:thesis by publication
229:
211:
81:
3231:Scientific documents
3133:Open-access journals
3080:Open scientific data
2887:SCImago Journal Rank
2847:Author-level metrics
2832:Acknowledgment index
2576:at Wikimedia Commons
2100:Thousand Oaks: Sage.
2083:Thomas, Gary (2009)
2014:7144: Documentation—
1986:guides.lib.uiowa.edu
1853:Taylor & Francis
1805:improve this section
1705:evaluadores externos
1516:Master of Philosophy
1438:dissertation defense
1427:examination or just
1334:undergraduate degree
1300:(literally "coat").
849:Habilitationsschrift
804:(rough translation:
526:At English-speaking
488:Argentine University
483:Latin American docta
441:improve this article
353:of the title page).
317:on section numbers,
62:For other uses, see
3128:Scientific journals
2639:Academic publishing
2426:on 11 November 2012
2322:studies.helsinki.fi
1913:Academic publishing
1444:Examination results
1410:Thesis examinations
1158:Portugal and Brazil
1143:praca habilitacyjna
853:Habilitationsarbeit
618:At most university
601:Québec universities
148:Republic of Ireland
29:Page version status
3148:Copyright policies
3143:University presses
3050:Scientific writing
2918:Citation advantage
2825:Impact and ranking
2658:Scientific journal
2531:on 13 January 2011
2196:on 25 August 2010.
2166:on 31 October 2006
1878:Compilation thesis
1664:Russia and Ukraine
1294:compilation thesis
1247:
1058:Philippine English
749:
697:maisterintutkielma
664:absolventská práce
236:
96:
35:
3176:
3175:
3153:Preprint policies
3123:Academic journals
3106:Publish or perish
2961:Version of record
2901:Reform and access
2703:Literature review
2572:Media related to
2374:en.englishlib.org
1924:Explanatory notes
1841:
1840:
1833:
1762:external examiner
1694:director de tesis
1651:external examiner
1395:component of the
1286:doktorsavhandling
1231:bachelor's thesis
1127:praca magisterska
1123:praca inżynierska
1119:praca licencjacka
945:thesis is called
915:external examiner
683:bachelor's degree
583:"' or a shorter "
500:defensa magistral
473:
472:
465:
265:table of contents
232:Søren Kierkegaard
84:Leiden University
16:(Redirected from
3243:
3193:
3192:
3184:
3095:Ingelfinger rule
3009:Semantic Scholar
2731:Technical report
2653:Academic journal
2632:
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2050:on 28 April 2021
2046:. Archived from
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2019:
2008:
1997:
1996:
1994:
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1977:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1938:
1934:
1908:Academic journal
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1829:
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1816:
1785:
1777:
1743:
1699:A dissertation (
1282:licentiatuppsats
1149:. Thus the term
1089:research project
1001:
1000:
992:
967:proposal skripsi
899:
884:numerical grades
701:master's degrees
660:dizertační práce
652:bakalářská práce
593:"essai doctoral"
504:defensa doctoral
496:defensa de grado
468:
461:
457:
454:
448:
425:
417:
378:thesis committee
372:Thesis committee
325:or its revision
189:
188:
144:American English
105:
21:
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3221:Grey literature
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3070:Learned society
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2939:
2896:
2867:Journal ranking
2857:Citation impact
2820:
2755:
2713:Grey literature
2707:
2669:
2641:
2636:
2602:Wayback Machine
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1893:Grey literature
1873:Capstone course
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1211:Bologna process
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1135:praca doktorska
1115:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1020:
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979:
931:
892:
880:sub omni canone
864:summa cum laude
824:instead (e.g.,
798:Abschlussarbeit
794:
733:
672:
656:diplomová práce
644:
616:
566:doctoral degree
524:
478:
469:
458:
452:
449:
438:
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415:
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374:
358:acid-free paper
347:Arabic numerals
302:
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198:comes from the
178:
152:graduate thesis
120:academic degree
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2698:Position paper
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2693:Review article
2690:
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2595:EThOS Database
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2549:
2548:External links
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2474:. 16 May 2008.
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1821:September 2016
1789:
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1701:tesis doctoral
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1632:thesis defense
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1566:, also called
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1434:thesis defense
1411:
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1393:extended essay
1364:
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1304:United Kingdom
1302:
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1207:diploma thesis
1202:
1199:
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1053:
1050:
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1035:
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1016:
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1007:
978:
975:
971:proposal tesis
930:
927:
891:
888:
833:diploma thesis
826:Bachelorthesis
793:
790:
743:to obtain his
741:Claude Bernard
732:
729:
728:
727:
708:
690:
671:
668:
643:
642:Czech Republic
640:
615:
612:
523:
520:
477:
474:
471:
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429:
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373:
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338:Roman numerals
301:
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230:Cover page to
223:
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134:course, while
58:
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18:Thesis defence
14:
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10:
9:
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3141:
3139:
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3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
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3078:
3076:
3075:Open research
3073:
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2911:
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2903:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2882:Impact factor
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2852:Bibliometrics
2850:
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2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:Annual report
2734:
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2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:Working paper
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2704:
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2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2683:
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2672:
2664:
2663:Public health
2661:
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2656:
2654:
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2640:
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2628:
2626:
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2599:
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2564:at Wiktionary
2563:
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2024:
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2017:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1987:
1983:
1976:
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1969:
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1960:
1954:
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1944:
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1854:
1850:
1846:
1835:
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1824:
1814:
1810:
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1800:
1799:
1795:
1790:This section
1788:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
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1742:
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1657:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1626:North America
1625:
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1608:
1606:
1603:
1596:
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1591:
1589:
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1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1492:Unacceptable.
1491:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1469:
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1417:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1363:United States
1362:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1271:examensarbete
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
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1198:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1171:
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1157:
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1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1098:
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1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
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1040:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1004:
995:
988:
984:
976:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:
950:
949:
944:
943:undergraduate
940:
936:
928:
926:
924:
918:
916:
911:
907:
903:
898:
889:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
791:
788:
783:
780:
778:
773:
771:
766:
764:
763:
757:
754:
746:
742:
737:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
706:
702:
698:
694:
691:
688:
684:
680:
677:
676:
675:
669:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
641:
639:
637:
633:
632:diplomski rad
629:
625:
621:
613:
611:
609:
604:
602:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
574:dissertations
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:undergraduate
529:
521:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:
475:
467:
464:
456:
453:December 2018
446:
442:
436:
435:
430:This section
428:
424:
419:
418:
412:
410:
403:
401:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
371:
369:
365:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
299:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
278:
277:
273:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
238:
233:
228:
221:
219:
214:
210:
208:
204:
201:
197:
193:
183:
175:
173:
171:
167:
163:
158:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:(abbreviated
113:
109:
101:
93:
89:
85:
80:
76:
72:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2766:
2560:
2533:. Retrieved
2529:the original
2519:
2511:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2489:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2450:. Retrieved
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2424:the original
2414:
2404:29 September
2402:. Retrieved
2398:
2389:
2379:29 September
2377:. Retrieved
2373:
2364:
2352:. Retrieved
2347:
2338:
2326:. Retrieved
2324:(in Finnish)
2321:
2312:
2300:. Retrieved
2290:
2278:. Retrieved
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2224:
2212:. Retrieved
2202:
2194:the original
2189:
2180:
2168:. Retrieved
2161:the original
2148:
2143:62(1):26-40.
2140:
2135:
2130:62(1):26-40.
2127:
2119:
2105:
2097:
2092:
2084:
2079:
2070:
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2048:the original
2038:
2029:
2023:
1989:. Retrieved
1985:
1975:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1932:
1842:
1827:
1818:
1803:Please help
1791:
1767:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1671:
1667:
1658:
1655:
1648:
1646:candidates.
1636:oral defense
1635:
1631:
1629:
1621:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1588:Verteidigung
1587:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1568:Verteidigung
1567:
1563:
1561:
1550:
1541:
1525:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1405:
1401:
1389:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1370:dissertation
1369:
1366:
1357:
1354:
1330:dissertation
1329:
1317:
1314:dissertation
1313:
1309:
1307:
1297:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1230:
1228:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1204:
1191:dissertation
1190:
1188:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:Habilitation
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1082:dissertation
1081:
1077:
1074:dissertation
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1012:
1002:
993:
980:
970:
966:
958:
952:
946:
938:
932:
919:
909:
905:
893:
879:
878:or worst as
876:non-sufficit
875:
871:
867:
863:
860:Latin honors
857:
852:
848:
845:Habilitation
841:Doktorarbeit
840:
837:Dissertation
836:
832:
830:
825:
821:
818:Doktorarbeit
817:
814:Masterarbeit
813:
810:Diplomarbeit
809:
805:
801:
797:
795:
785:
781:
776:
774:
770:dissertation
769:
767:
760:
758:
752:
750:
715:
711:
704:
696:
692:
678:
673:
663:
659:
655:
651:
645:
635:
631:
627:
617:
605:
597:
592:
588:
584:
580:
578:
573:
569:
561:
557:
553:with Honours
552:
547:
543:
539:
535:
525:
503:
499:
495:
491:
481:
479:
459:
450:
439:Please help
434:verification
431:
407:
394:
381:
377:
375:
366:
355:
334:front matter
331:
303:
274:
269:bibliography
242:
216:
212:
202:
196:Dissertation
195:
181:
179:
169:
162:dissertation
161:
159:
156:
151:
136:dissertation
135:
123:
115:
112:dissertation
111:
107:
99:
97:
91:
87:
75:
47:24 July 2024
46:
37:This is the
31:
3055:Peer review
2935:#ICanHazPDF
2913:Open access
2872:Eigenfactor
2816:Proceedings
2726:White paper
2535:24 November
2430:24 November
2354:23 February
2348:Le Monde.fr
2154:"Argentina"
1991:15 February
1684:The former
1609:Philippines
1564:Disputation
1164:dissertação
1060:, the term
1052:Philippines
994:pāyān-nāmeh
959:tugas akhir
937:, the term
628:završni rad
568:are called
548:major paper
540:term papers
516:PhD program
342:book design
306:house style
203:dissertātiō
192:proposition
3205:Categories
2971:Retraction
2944:Versioning
2837:Altmetrics
2782:Biological
2496:3 February
2328:2 December
2054:22 October
1959:disputatio
1945:References
1773:Submission
1717:secretario
1713:presidente
1584:Kolloquium
1498:revisions.
1278:licentiate
1151:dysertacja
1141:is called
1131:dysertacja
1018:Kazakhstan
991:پایاننامه
866:(best) to
777:soutenance
720:licentiate
685:), and at
508:licentiate
362:paper size
257:title page
128:bachelor's
3195:Education
2956:Postprint
2799:Monograph
2751:Lab notes
2584:Wikibooks
1861:libraries
1849:copyright
1792:does not
1741:viva voce
1580:Rigorosum
1576:oral exam
1572:Rigorosum
1522:Australia
1465:practice.
1424:viva voce
1290:monograph
1106:practicum
1062:doctorate
954:disertasi
935:Indonesia
929:Indonesia
897:viva voce
768:The word
648:bachelors
620:faculties
476:Argentina
327:ISO 80000
249:monograph
239:Structure
207:Aristotle
180:The term
176:Etymology
160:The word
140:doctorate
3226:Rhetoric
3211:Academia
3029:OpenAlex
3024:Paperity
2951:Preprint
2787:Chemical
2741:Pamphlet
2686:Abstract
2646:Journals
2598:Archived
2452:25 March
2186:"CONEAU"
2170:28 April
1918:Treatise
1867:See also
1857:Elsevier
1845:deadline
1709:tribunal
1644:master's
1640:doctoral
1618:Portugal
1597:Malaysia
1557:Magister
1487:program.
1326:doctoral
1292:or as a
1280:thesis (
1263:E Thesis
1259:Magister
1255:D thesis
1251:C thesis
1225:Slovakia
1201:Slovenia
1097:proposal
1066:doctoral
1043:Pakistan
1034:Malaysia
872:non-rite
808:; e.g.,
724:doctoral
512:master's
315:ISO 2145
311:ISO 7144
261:abstract
166:treatise
132:master's
43:reviewed
3045:Imprint
2966:Erratum
2930:Sci-Hub
2877:h-index
2804:Chapter
2591:(NDLTD)
1813:removed
1798:sources
1728:defensa
1547:Germany
1352:etc.).
1348:, BEd,
1344:, BSc,
1267:uppsats
1003:resāleh
987:Persian
948:skripsi
822:-thesis
802:-arbeit
792:Germany
762:mémoire
670:Finland
624:Bologna
614:Croatia
589:"thèse"
581:mémoire
480:In the
386:advisor
319:ISO 690
3236:Theses
3181:Portal
3014:Scopus
2994:AMiner
2777:Patent
2767:Thesis
2674:Papers
2561:thesis
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2302:24 May
2280:24 May
2258:24 May
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2214:24 May
2190:CONEAU
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1534:, and
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1384:honors
1380:Thesis
1374:thesis
1336:(e.g.
1318:thesis
1310:thesis
1237:Sweden
1113:Poland
1101:thesis
1078:thesis
1070:thesis
963:degree
939:thesis
851:, not
747:(1843)
731:France
718:, for
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562:thesis
558:thesis
544:essays
536:papers
522:Canada
492:thesis
323:ISO 31
182:thesis
170:thesis
124:thesis
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100:thesis
3116:Lists
3085:ORCID
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2254:Acfas
2164:(PDF)
2157:(PDF)
1746:Latin
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1298:kappa
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999:رساله
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2356:2023
2330:2023
2304:2023
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2172:2010
2056:2014
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1796:any
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1429:viva
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1099:and
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910:viva
906:viva
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722:and
714:and
380:(or
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263:, a
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1807:by
1723:).
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