136:
118:
646:
442:, "wondrous", because of the colossal size of the remains. Leidy avoided using the suffix "saurus" in the genus name because Vandeveer Hayden had claimed the bones came from a layer from the
998:
1028:
408:. Hayden had collected them from the surface of a rock formation then known as the Great Lignite Formation (now recognized as part of the Lance Formation) in the
678:
Leidy, J. (1856). "Notice of extinct
Vertebrata, discovered by F. V. Hayden during the expedition to the Sioux country under the command of Lieut. G.K. Warren."
491:. Around 1900 the name was used by some authors to indicate all late Maastrichtian hadrosaurids in North America. In 1875, E.D. Cope stated that he considered
866:"Cranial Growth and Variation in Edmontosaurs (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae): Implications for Latest Cretaceous Megaherbivore Diversity in North America"
556:) should be used for the Lance-aged "trachodonts." Many later researchers, including L.S. Russell and Charles M. Sternberg, continued to use the names
1033:
1013:
1023:
1018:
541:
724:
575:. In an influential 1942 paper on hadrosaurids by Richard S. Lull and Nelda E. Wright, the authors classified most specimens of
659:
826:
Sternberg, C.M. (1939). "Were there
Proboscis-bearing Dinosaurs? Discussion of Cranial Protuberances in the Hadrosauridae."
1038:
515:
fossils were indistinguishable from more complete specimens which had been referred in the late 1800s to the species
461:
The caudal vertebrae, USNM 219 and USNM 221, and the middle toe phalanx, USNM 220, form the original
135:
413:
394:
922:
Gilmore, C.W. (1924). A new species of hadrosaurian dinosaur from the
Edmonton Formation (Cretaceous) of Alberta.
597:
based on its shorter tail vertebrae, they ultimately agreed with Lambe that, despite its historical importance,
487:
is a historically-important genus with a convoluted taxonomy that has been all but abandoned by modern dinosaur
620:
451:
540:
or "trachodonts", most notably the large "duck-billed" specimens collected by E.D. Cope and mounted in the
1003:
938:
548:
were "inadequate", but that geologic work showed that they undoubtedly came from the same fossil beds as
1008:
970:
630:
298:
618:, was named by Sternberg in 1926, but Nicolás Campione and David Evans found that it was a synonym of
877:
517:
757:
339:
409:
323:
130:
975:
905:
720:
571:
as inadequate and that any inferences based on them were too conjectural, as was the case for
895:
885:
651:
375:
378:
30:
881:
117:
900:
865:
488:
398:
212:
567:
However, as early as 1913, paleontologist
Lawrence Lambe regarded the type fossils of
992:
428:
371:
254:
241:
68:
715:
Creisler, B.S. (2007). "Deciphering duckbills." Pp. 185-210 in
Carpenter, K. (ed.),
603:
480:
432:
417:
405:
401:
382:
357:
274:
196:
890:
698:
Lull, R.S. & Wright, N.E. (1942). "Hadrosaurian dinosaurs of North
America."
581:
503:
364:
228:
43:
641:
333:
88:
53:
961:
475:
147:
93:
37:
909:
788:
Russell, L.S. (1930). "Upper
Cretaceous dinosaur faunas of North America."
601:
was too incomplete for good comparison. It has been generally ignored as a
955:
924:
Canada
Department of Mines Geological Survey Bulletin (Geological Series)
849:
Canada
Department of Mines Geological Survey Bulletin (Geological Series)
438:
for these three bones. The generic name is derived from Greek θεσπεσιος,
424:
367:
180:
167:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
624:
in a 2011 study of edmontosaur diversity. Campione and Evans also found
528:
Lucas' opinion was supported by
Charles W. Gilmore in a 1915 paper for
497:, known from partial limb bones and some vertebrae, to be a synonym of
462:
443:
98:
73:
447:
157:
932:
455:
360:
421:
936:
536:. A wide variety of hadrosaurid species had been classified as
450:, though Leidy himself was convinced it was a dinosaurian. The
446:
so there was a chance that the animal would turn out to be a
719:. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
680:
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science Philadelphia
564:
for the Lance hadrosaurids through the 1920s and 1930s.
585:, and referred Cope's giant "duck-billed" specimens to
717:
Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs
694:
692:
805:
Sternberg, C.M. (1936). "The systematic position of
945:
507:at the time). In 1900, a short piece published in
790:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
737:Report on the vertebrate paleontology of Colorado
859:
857:
628:, named by Gilmore in 1924, to be a synonym of
748:Lucas, F.A. (1900). "Paleontological Notes."
544:. Gilmore noted that the holotype fossils of
8:
700:Geological Society of America Special Papers
999:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
933:
847:from the Lance Formation of Saskatchewan.
511:by F.A. Lucas noted that Leidy's original
116:
20:
899:
889:
864:Campione, N. S. E.; Evans, D. C. (2011).
843:Sternberg, C.M. (1926). A new species of
671:
1029:Maastrichtian genus first appearances
593:could possibly be distinguished from
552:, and that therefore the older name (
7:
767:Gilmore, C.W. (1915). "On the Genus
521:. Therefore, Lucas argued, the name
532:re-evaluating the use of the genus
542:American Museum of Natural History
501:(which he considered a species of
479:, another duckbill genus named by
16:Dubious extinct genus of dinosaurs
14:
739:. US Government Printing Office.
644:
525:should be used for this animal.
134:
1034:Maastrichtian genus extinctions
660:Timeline of hadrosaur research
356:(meaning "wondrous one") is a
1:
1014:Fossil taxa described in 1856
1024:Paleontology in South Dakota
891:10.1371/journal.pone.0025186
397:sent a number of fossils to
1055:
1019:Taxa named by Joseph Leidy
828:Journal of Natural History
431:. In 1856 Leidy named the
395:Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden
589:. Though they noted that
329:
322:
304:
297:
131:Scientific classification
129:
124:
115:
23:
947:Thespesius occidentalis
811:Journal of Paleontology
686:(December 30): 311-312.
621:Edmontosaurus annectens
599:Thespesius occidentalis
569:Thespesius occidentalis
558:Thespesius occidentalis
513:Thespesius occidentalis
436:Thespesius occidentalis
420:). Among them were two
311:Thespesius occidentalis
610:A referred species of
971:Paleobiology Database
631:Edmontosaurus regalis
1039:Ornithischian genera
735:Cope, E. D. (1875).
626:Thespesius edmontoni
616:T. saskatchewanensis
577:Thespesius annectens
562:Thespesius annectens
550:Claosaurus annectens
518:Claosaurus annectens
290:T. occidentalis
125:The syntype fossils
882:2011PLoSO...625186C
454:means "western" in
410:Nebraska Territory
393:In 1855 geologist
372:late Maastrichtian
986:
985:
939:Taxon identifiers
587:Anatosaurus copei
579:in the new genus
349:
348:
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779:(1061): 658-660.
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756:(308): 809-810.
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713:
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652:Dinosaurs portal
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376:Upper Cretaceous
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29:Temporal range:
21:
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989:
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591:T. occidentalis
554:T. occidentalis
546:T. occidentalis
523:T. occidentalis
499:T. occidentalis
494:Agathaumas milo
489:paleontologists
471:
391:
379:Lance Formation
318:
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35:
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31:Late Cretaceous
27:
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834:(17): 556-560.
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876:(9): e25186.
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851:44(46):73-84.
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837:
833:
829:
823:
820:
817:(7): 652-655.
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796:(1): 133-159.
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452:specific name
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419:
416:(present-day
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299:Binomial name
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255:Saurolophinae
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242:Hadrosauridae
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1009:Nomina dubia
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607:ever since.
604:nomen dubium
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492:
484:
481:Joseph Leidy
474:
472:
460:
439:
435:
433:type species
418:South Dakota
406:Philadelphia
402:Joseph Leidy
392:
383:South Dakota
352:
351:
350:
332:
310:
305:
289:
288:
268:
267:
219:
203:
197:Ornithischia
187:
174:
24:
18:
595:Anatosaurus
582:Anatosaurus
504:Hadrosaurus
414:Grand River
412:, near the
365:hadrosaurid
317:Leidy, 1856
248:Subfamily:
229:Ornithopoda
993:Categories
845:Thespesius
769:Trachodon.
666:References
612:Thespesius
485:Thespesius
440:thespesios
353:Thespesius
334:Agathaumas
269:Thespesius
181:Dinosauria
25:Thespesius
807:Trachodon
573:Trachodon
538:Trachodon
534:Trachodon
476:Trachodon
425:vertebrae
370:from the
283:Species:
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
956:Wikidata
910:21969872
870:PLOS ONE
706:: 1-272.
638:See also
465:series.
368:dinosaur
324:Synonyms
235:Family:
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
36:66
962:Q762249
901:3182183
878:Bibcode
773:Science
750:Science
530:Science
509:Science
463:syntype
444:Miocene
429:phalanx
389:History
358:dubious
308:†
287:†
261:Genus:
105:↓
908:
898:
723:
448:mammal
427:and a
422:caudal
342:, 1874
277:, 1856
976:53381
473:Like
456:Latin
374:-age
361:genus
275:Leidy
220:Clade
204:Clade
188:Clade
175:Clade
906:PMID
721:ISBN
340:Cope
336:milo
44:PreꞒ
896:PMC
886:doi
809:."
560:or
404:in
381:of
363:of
995::
973::
958::
904:.
894:.
884:.
872:.
868:.
856:^
830:,
815:10
813:,
794:69
792:,
777:41
775:,
771:"
754:12
752:,
704:40
702:,
691:^
682:,
634:.
614:,
483:,
458:.
385:.
222::
206::
190::
177::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
912:.
888::
880::
874:6
832:3
684:8
265:†
252:†
239:†
226:†
210:†
194:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
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