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492:— where Ketheeswaram is located — has provided historians extant remains of the culture of the area during the ancient period. This includes the vestiges of its ancient temple tank (the Palavi tank), and the ruins of a former Hindu city built of brick, described by J.W. Bennet in 1843. During the ancient period, Mathoddam was a centre of international trade, with Greeks, Romans, Phoenicians, Arabs, Ethiopians, Persians, Chinese, Japanese, Burmese and others vying with each other to monopolise the trade of North Ceylon with Tamil traders. Mathoddam is currently viewed as the only port on the island that could be called a "buried city," with much of the ancient ruins under sand today. The existence of the Thiru-Ketheeswaram temple attests to the antiquity of the port. Mathoddam finds mention as "one of the greatest ports" on the seaboard between the island and
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707:. While granite work preparations were in progress, the army took over the Temple and its environs in August 1990 and continued to occupy the site for several years. Although they have left the Temple premises, their occupation of its environs is a cause of concern to the Restoration Society which has been urging the Government to remove the Armed Forces completely from the environs of the Temple and declare the site a sacred area.
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pond in 1949, a major effort was made to improve the temple environs. It was in
October 1948 that an intensive agitation resulted in the formation of the Thiruketheeswaram Temple Restoration Society, which renovated the temple and performed Kumbhabishekam in August 1952. The Thiruketheeswaram Temple Restoration Society did further renovation of the temple and another Kumbhabhishekam was held on 4 July 1976.
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Tiruketheeswaram, the origin of which is not covered by existing records, is an indication of the antiquity of the port. Indeed
Mahathitta is the only port in the Island which can be called a buried city. Mahathittha was a great port in the early centuries of the common era. Next we have the references in the Sangam literature of the Tamils describing Mahathitta as a great port."
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of the old shrine together with several other finds were also unearthed in 1894. After a gap of almost 400 years in the 1910s, local Tamils, under the urging of Hindu reformer
Arumuka Navalar, came together and built the present temple. With the restoration of the ancient and holy Palavi Teertham or
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At
Mantotte the antiquarian will find a field for research in the still extant remains of remote antiquity, amongst which are the vestiges of an immense tank (Giant Tank) arid the ruins of a former Hindu City, built of brick. The antiquity of the Hindus, by whom, I humbly presume, the island was
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After 1505 A.C.E along with countless
Buddhist and Hindu temples around the island, it was destroyed by Portuguese Catholic colonialists. The historian Do Couto recounts that the attackers encountered no resistance from pilgrims or priests while the temple was destroyed. In 1589 C.E. the temple
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in order to keep off
Athichedan — who fought against him, obstructing the great mountain with thousands of adorned summits resembling serpents’ heads — and deposited one of these towers at Thiruketheeswaram. The Lord established Himself there, at Thiruketheeswaram. According to the Manmiam,
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Perera, B.J. "Although
Mahathitha (Mathoddam) is first mentioned in connection with the landing of Vijaya's second wife, a royal princess from the Pandyan Kingdom, there is no doubt that it was used as port by the Tamils long before the Aryan settlement in Ceylon. The existence of the Temple
743:, the antiquity of which is unknown. It consists of 2500 verses grouped into 27 Chapters and had been handed down in accordance with the traditional custom as oral discourses by the Guru to his disciples, in this case by Sootha Munivar to the Naimisaraniya Munivars. Three Chapters of the
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wrote in 1887 of the illustrious city of
Mathoddam "A renowned shrine grew into repute there dedicated to one Supreme God symbolized by a single stone, and in later times restored by a Saivaite after lying long in ruins. The temple was dedicated as 'Tiru-Kethes-Waram.'"
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in general and the splendour that was of ancient Ceylon; the second chapter relates about the celebrated places of religious importance in Ceylon and the story of "Thiruketheeswaram". In this chapter is narrated the incident of how, at one time long ago, the God of Wind
588:. The Karaiyar people claimed to be related to several classical period public figures hailing from the international port town, including the creator of the oldest extant Tamil literature by an Eelam Tamilian, the Sangam poet
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of the continent, part of the Paadal Petra
Sthalam group. The only other sthalam from Eelam is Koneswaram. There is epigraphic evidence of maintenance of the temple by the Pallava and Pandyan dynasties.
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was from
Manthai and that Mayan, the father of Mandothari and the King of Manthai built the ancient Temple of Thiruketheeswaram to worship Shiva. According to one Hindu legend,
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Dr.Paul E.Pieris declared in 1917, at a meeting of the Royal Asiatic Society (Ceylon Branch), there was in Lanka five recognized ‘Eeswararns’ of
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originally peopled, and their civilization at the remotest period of history, are recognized by all the ancient Eastern Philosophers.
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344:. Its famous tank, the Palavi tank, is of ancient antiquity and was restored from the ruins. Thirukketheeswaram is one of the 275
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refer to Ketisvaram and two Sinhala inscriptions of the 10th century refer to the prohibition on slaughtering cows at the town.
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dynasties who contributed to its development up to the late 16th century. In 1575, Thirukketheeswaram was largely destroyed by
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Literary and inscriptional evidence of the post classical period (300BC-1500AD) attests to the upkeep of the temple during the
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Thiruketheeswaram along with Koneswaram are two of the nine most sacred sthalams of the Hindus. The other seven are in India.
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Arumugam, S (1980). "The Lord of Thiruketheeswaram, an ancient Hindu sthalam of hoary antiquity in Sri Lanka". Colombo: 106.
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Arumugam, S (1980). "The Lord of Thiruketheeswaram, an ancient Hindu sthalam of hoary antiquity in Sri Lanka". Colombo: 36.
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Arumugam, S (1980). "The Lord of Thiruketheeswaram, an ancient Hindu sthalam of hoary antiquity in Sri Lanka". Colombo: 15.
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Ceylon and its capabilities : an account of its natural resources, indigenous productions, and commercial facilities
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in 600 B.C. The shrine is known to have existed for at least 2400 years, with inspirational and literary evidence of the
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worshipped Shiva at the shrine, thus creating the shrine's name "Ketheeswaram". Another legend is found in the
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The exact date of the Ketheeswaram temple's birth is not universally agreed upon. According to historian
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throughout the continent. Throughout its history, the temple has been administered and frequented by
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map of 1555, showing Mannar and its temples as situated on the western coast of the Tamil country.
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Bennet, John Whitchurch (1843). "Giant's Tank – Gentoo City – Antiquity of the Hindoos".
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worshipped Shiva at this shrine. Another tradition holds that the Hindu planetary god
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The evolution of an ethnic identity: The Tamils in Sri Lanka C. 300 BCE to C. 1200 CE
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deal with historical events in ancient Ceylon. The first chapter narrates about the
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Ketisvaram temple and the waters of the Palavi tank by its side are heralded in the
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563:(the country of the temple as named in the Tamil literature) is Koneswaram.
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Thirukeetheeswaram, The great sivan kovil of northern province of Sri Lanka
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A short history of Hinduism in Ceylon: and three essays on the Tamils.
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838:"Thiruketheeswaram Kovil | Attractions in Mannar | Love Sri Lanka"
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As part of the civil war that has plagued the country since the
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in 1872, the temple was rebuilt at its original site in 1903.
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The original site of the Temple was traced in 1894. The Shiva
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canon, becoming one of 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams, the holiest
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earliest reference 6th century BC, Reconstruction - 1903AD by
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on the continent. The only other Paadal Petra Sthalam from
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terminating at the shrine in 1589. Following an appeal by
630:. Tirukketisvaram henceforth is glorified as one of 275
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pogrom of 1983 the temple is currently occupied by the
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Archaeological protected monuments in Mannar District
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Sri Lanka govt. imposes restriction on a holy place
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435:) rises three rivers, including the Kavary-Kankai (
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1122:Journal of the Sri Venkatesvara Oriental Institute
762:) uprooted the three towers of the great mountain
1176:Xavier, J.T. (1977). "The Land of Letters". 8–13
614:. Along with Koneswaram temple on Swami Rock,
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643:Several Chola inscriptions from its medieval
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934:. London: W.H. Allen & Co. p. 212.
715:Mythical stories related to the Indian epic
503:of the classical period (600 BCE – 300 CE).
480:( 600BC – 1500AD) attesting to the shrine's
472:of Siva in Lanka long before the arrival of
484:. The buried ancient Tamil trading port of
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666:16th century destruction by the Portuguese
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423:publication. From the Shiva footprint of
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
201:Location in Northern Province, Sri Lanka
43:This article includes a list of general
2730:Temple in the Sea (Trinidad and Tobago)
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348:of Shiva glorified in the poems of the
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1199:. Colombo: Vijitha Yapa. p. 230.
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671:stones were used by them to build the
1297:Thiruketheeswaram temple in Sri Lanka
826:Royal Asiatic Society (Ceylon Branch)
7:
861:
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892:"Pālāvi, kāḷāvik-kāṭu, Nīrāviyaṭi"
519:on the island, Ketheeswaram joins
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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580:Built by Naga People (Naga Tribe)
27:Ancient Hindu temple in Sri Lanka
2790:Hindu temples in Mannar District
2700:Kokkadicholai Thaanthonreeswaram
2404:Emarald/Rathinam, Thiruvalangadu
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1702:
747:which have been given the title
687:19th/20th-century reconstruction
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405:
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34:
2735:Tribhuvanamāhesvaram (Cambodia)
112:
1195:Indrapala, Karthigesu (2007).
1:
1185:Muthuthampipillai. (1915). 56
332:dedicated to the Hindu deity
2685:Kadhalishwaram ruins (China)
1373:Thennesvaram (Thondrisvaram)
1287:History of Thiruketheeswaram
675:, a Catholic church and the
1131:Sri Venkateswara University
906:"Thiru Ketheeswaram Temple"
102:
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1292:Hindu temples of Sri Lanka
1259:Navaratnam, C. S. (1964).
1119:Varadachari, K.C. (1940).
488:(Mantotai/Manthai) in the
2800:Siva temples in Sri Lanka
2592:275 Paadal Petra Sthalams
2424:Art/Chithiram, Courtallam
2222:
1903:Festivals and observances
1743:Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta
1700:
1582:
894:. TamilNet. 27 June 2007.
871:www.srilankaheritages.net
867:"::: Sri Lanka Heritages"
749:Dhakshana Kailasa Manmiam
610:in the 6th century CE by
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180:
101:
2768:Kamphaeng Phet province
2754:Hx thewalay kestr phiman
2720:Sivan temple (Singapore)
2690:Kethishwaram (Sri Lanka)
2665:Fire temple (Azerbaijan)
2162:Meenakshi Sundareshwarar
1722:Shvetashvatara Upanishad
1427:Ariyalai Siddhivinayakar
1135:University of California
511:One of the five ancient
2715:Shivagraham (Indonesia)
2695:Koneshwaram (Sri Lanka)
2670:Ganga Talao (Mauritius)
2660:Bhadreshwaram (Vietnam)
2452:Thiruvanaikaval (Water)
2419:Copper/Thamiram, Nellai
1277:Thiruketheeswar defiled
590:Eelattu Poothanthevanar
342:Sri Lankan Hindu Tamils
64:more precise citations.
2043:Tiruvanaikaval (Water)
1241:Cite journal requires
1100:Cite journal requires
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988:Cite journal requires
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282:Nattukottai Nagarathar
258:Dravidian architecture
233:8.957861°N 79.963000°E
211:Geographic coordinates
2740:Thewasathan Bot Phram
2710:Pashupatinath (Nepal)
2447:Tiruvannamalai (Fire)
2414:Silver/Velli, Madurai
2038:Tiruvannamalai (Fire)
1490:Nainativu Nagapushani
1393:East Thanthonrisvaram
1025:Nevill, Hugh. (1887).
777:Hinduism in Sri Lanka
739:, an ancient work in
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346:Paadal Petra Sthalams
2725:Sthūlādri (Thailand)
2680:Katas Raj (Pakistan)
2675:Iraivan temple (USA)
2457:Chidambaram (Ether)
2434:Panchabhuta Sthalams
2020:Pancha Bhuta Sthalam
1527:Temples & others
1035:Arumugam, S (1980).
1006:Cassie Chetty, Simon
842:www.lovesrilanka.org
596:6th–7th century hymn
433:Sivan Oli Pada Malai
419:of 140 CE in a 1562
399:Early maps of Mannar
375:Portuguese colonials
336:and is venerated by
2705:Mt. Kailash (Tibet)
2510:Jyotirlinga Sthalas
2462:Srikalahasthi (Air)
2442:Kanchipuram (Earth)
2358:Pancharama Kshetras
2048:Kanchipuram (Earth)
2033:Tirukalahasti (Air)
2028:Chidambaram (Ether)
1729:Shivarahasya Purana
1510:Thambiluvil Kannaki
1408:Jaffna Saddainathar
482:classical antiquity
291:Ketheeswaram temple
238:8.957861; 79.963000
229: /
2795:Padal Petra Stalam
2758:Sukhothai province
2147:Kailash Mansarovar
1852:Pashupata Shaivism
1830:Hara Hara Mahadeva
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1534:Vallipuram Vishnu
1505:Nuwara Eliya Sita
1456:Nallur Kandaswamy
1206:978-955-1266-72-1
1158:Missing or empty
808:near Mahathitha,
677:Hammershield Fort
501:Sangam literature
478:postclassical era
455:Gerardus Mercator
314:Northern Province
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97:Thiruketheeswaram
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16:(Redirected from
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2574:Grishneshwar
2543:Bhimashankar
2490:Munneshwaram
2480:Kethishwaram
2479:
2167:Tiruchengode
2071:Grishneshwar
2066:Bhimashankar
2058:Jyotirlingas
1910:Kanwar Yatra
1828:
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1736:Shiva Purana
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1471:Ukanthamalai
1461:Maviddapuram
1403:Choleeswaram
1368:Nagulesvaram
1352:
1260:
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1234:cite journal
1215:
1196:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1160:|title=
1151:cite journal
1126:
1120:
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1093:cite journal
1074:
1053:cite journal
1030:
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1011:
1002:
981:cite journal
962:
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913:. Retrieved
909:
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874:. Retrieved
870:
846:. Retrieved
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822:Naguleswaram
814:Thondeswaram
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714:
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529:Naguleswaram
512:
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463:
436:
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387:
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306:Hindu temple
301:
290:
289:
249:Architecture
224:79°57′46.8″E
91:
76:
67:
48:
2584:Significant
2569:Rameshwaram
2533:Omkareshwar
2485:Koneshwaram
2376:Ksheerarama
2371:Daksharamam
2310:Kaleshwaram
2300:Daksharamam
2214:Other names
2096:Omkareshwar
2081:Mallikarjun
1944:Panch Kedar
1816:Shri Rudram
1802:Sahasranama
1466:Thirukkovil
1451:Kathirkamam
1363:Munnesvaram
1353:Kethisvaram
1039:. Colombo.
915:13 December
910:Lakpura LLC
810:Munneswaram
673:Mannar Fort
662:(301–328).
616:Trincomalee
545:Munneswaram
525:Trincomalee
505:Hugh Nevill
466:Paul Peiris
431:mountains (
326:Kudiramalai
236: /
221:8°57′28.3″N
115:Affiliation
62:introducing
2784:Categories
2632:Thiruvarur
2564:Nageshvara
2559:Vaidyanath
2381:Kumararama
2348:Kalpeshwar
2197:Rasalingam
2121:Vishwanath
2116:Vaidyanath
1972:Kalpeshwar
1925:Shiva Puja
1840:Traditions
1638:Tatpurusha
1358:Konesvaram
783:References
701:Black July
656:Dathavamsa
567:Chronology
533:Keerimalai
521:Koneswaram
494:Tamilakkam
486:Manthottam
415:'s map of
45:references
2637:Khajuraho
2538:Kedarnath
2523:Srisailam
2366:Amararama
2338:Rudranath
2328:Kedarnath
2305:Srisailam
2157:Lingaraja
2152:Katas Raj
2091:Nageshvar
2076:Kedarnath
1962:Rudranath
1952:Kedarnath
1750:Tirumurai
1677:Kartikeya
1633:Sadyojata
1337:Sri Lanka
764:Maha Meru
626:, in the
612:Sambandar
561:Eela Nādu
537:Tenavaram
470:Eeswarams
417:Taprobana
277:Completed
175:Sri Lanka
70:July 2020
2627:Thrissur
2607:Lingaraj
2602:Amarnath
2386:Somarama
2333:Tungnath
2232:Category
2137:Amarnath
2010:Chitiram
2005:Thamiram
1990:Rathinam
1957:Tungnath
1920:Pradosha
1857:Kapalika
1682:Devasena
1643:Vamadeva
1628:Nataraja
1618:Harihara
1608:Bhairava
1576:Shaivism
1418:Pillayar
1226:10020492
1143:52321640
1085:10020492
1045:10020492
973:10020492
950:39733028
876:24 March
771:See also
741:Sanskrit
718:Ramayana
624:Sundarar
620:Nayanmar
586:Karaiyar
549:Puttalam
515:of Lord
513:Iswarams
421:Ruscelli
163:Location
158:Location
140:Northern
136:Province
126:District
120:Hinduism
109:Religion
2748:Bangkok
2642:More...
2612:Gokarna
2518:Somnath
2209:Vibhuti
2106:Somnath
1809:Chalisa
1672:Ganesha
1665:Parvati
1595:Deities
1586:History
1483:Temples
1444:Temples
1442:Murugan
1432:Manipay
1420:Temples
1386:Temples
848:19 June
754:Puranas
711:Legends
645:floruit
607:Tevaram
553:Tevaram
496:in the
425:Ulipada
413:Ptolemy
392:History
377:, with
363:Pallava
351:Tevaram
338:Shaivas
322:Manthai
272:Unknown
269:Creator
171:Country
166:Manthai
58:improve
2622:Vaikom
2242:Portal
2204:Siddha
2192:Lingam
2130:Others
1862:Aghori
1765:Stotra
1761:Mantra
1650:Shakti
1623:Ishana
1525:Vishnu
1382:Other
1263:pp. 68
1224:
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812:, and
723:Ravana
693:lingam
543:) and
474:Vijaya
437:Phalis
310:Mannar
130:Mannar
47:, but
2000:Velli
1867:Kaula
1713:Texts
1694:Nandi
1687:Valli
1603:Shiva
1481:Amman
1384:Shiva
681:Kayts
604:work
602:Saiva
517:Shiva
498:Tamil
429:Malea
379:Pujas
371:Chola
334:Shiva
318:Tamil
295:Tamil
152:Shiva
147:Deity
1660:Sati
1247:help
1222:OCLC
1201:ISBN
1164:help
1139:OCLC
1106:help
1081:OCLC
1066:help
1041:OCLC
994:help
969:OCLC
946:OCLC
936:ISBN
917:2021
878:2019
850:2021
820:and
802:Siva
760:Vayu
731:Ketu
369:and
324:and
262:Koil
254:Type
1995:Pon
1335:in
679:at
535:),
527:),
427:of
308:in
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