44:
668:
69:
460:
656:
102:
413:
175:
442:
overview of the rural scenery around
Madurai. The stone walkway is marked and has Torana-like gateways along the way. Covered mandapa (choultry) are found along the hike. Some caverns feature Jain Tirthankara images along the way, confirming the hills importance to Jainism. The cave temple at the top is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva with a few inscriptions.
109:
76:
452:
In the 18th century and after, the
Murugan temple's mandapas and infrastructure were used as civic hospital by Hindus and as a second outpost of Madurai where soldiers gathered during times of war. Later, the European regiments aided by Haider Ali and Yusuf Khan targeted controlling the temple during
424:
beds with Tamil Brahmi inscriptions dated between 2nd century BCE and 2nd century CE. Uphill, the hills has several other Jain bas-reliefs of
Parsvanatha and Mahavira with inscriptions, dated to about the 8th to 9th century. The traditional name of these Jain beds is "Pancha Pandava" beds, reflecting
396:
tradition in this region. The hill is sacred to the Hindus. They call it
Skandamalai (lit. "hill of Skanda (Murugan, Kartikeya) – the god of war"). One of the early Shaivism-tradition cave temple at the northern foot of the hill was greatly expanded in stages with mandapas and additional shrines over
583:
accounted for 7.44% and 0.66% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the town was 79.55%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 12934 households. There were a total of 18,480 workers, comprising 109 cultivators, 386 main agricultural labourers, 516 in
441:
A steady flight of stone stairs and walkway from the north end, as well as another from the south end, lead to the top of the hill on the western side where there is another rock-cut pre-9th century Kasi
Viswanathar temple – named after the one in Varanasi – with a natural water tank and an
380:
city. The town's landmark and fame is the huge monolithic rock hill that towers to a height of 1,048 feet (319 m) and has a circumference of over 2 miles (3.2 km). It is a home to many ancient and historic monuments including Jain caves, some protected as India's national monuments.
437:
temple that some have proposed was an ancient Jain temple converted into Shaiva temple in the 7th century and expanded in the 13th century. Some Hindu pilgrims circumambulate around the entire
Thiruparankundram hill given the many religious monuments and history here.
459:
579:, Thiruparankundram had a population of 48,810 with a sex-ratio of 999 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 4,736 were under the age of six, constituting 2,455 males and 2,281 females.
449:, and the Muslim community calls the same hill as "Sikkandarmalai". There are other miracles of Sulthan Sikkandhar Badhusha happening day to day in the dargha and other the locations as believed by the visiting people.
584:
house hold industries, 15,926 other workers, 1,543 marginal workers, 47 marginal cultivators, 69 marginal agricultural labourers, 228 marginal workers in household industries and 1,199 other marginal workers.
445:
Thiruparankundram Dargah is the grave of an
Islamic saint Sulthan Sikkandhar Badhushah who came from Jeddah; his festival is celebrated during Rajab every Hijri year This monument is called the
43:
864:
397:
the 7th to 15th century by various Hindu dynasties, to include a feeding house, a Vedic school and for traditional performance arts. This is now a major temple complex known as the
384:
As of 2011, the town had a population of 48,810. It was incorporated into a new township in 2011, and the first local body election for the corporation was held on 18 October 2011.
667:
434:
1763:
466:
882:
655:
611:
There is a bus stand with bus services connecting
Thirupparangkundram with other parts of Madurai and adjacent villages. Passenger trains running between
857:
137:
68:
985:
469:
View of
Thiruparankundram town and the Murugan temple from hill top, in distance is the Madurai metropolitan area extending to the upper right.
990:
850:
580:
1005:
616:
925:
995:
620:
960:
940:
900:
692:
637:
612:
398:
747:, Editor: R. Nagaswamy, Society for Archaeological Historical and Epigraphical Research, University of Madras Press, pp. 312–316
101:
980:
950:
930:
905:
187:
1000:
975:
970:
910:
1443:
1010:
945:
229:
965:
935:
920:
915:
895:
890:
1758:
342:
199:
1146:
446:
827:. Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011
802:. Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013
780:. Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013
1563:
1518:
1247:
777:
406:
1568:
1372:
402:
219:
576:
373:
334:
405:, a major pilgrimage site. It is among the most visited tourist places in Madurai, next only to the
1423:
1668:
1628:
1282:
799:
723:
842:
1728:
1678:
1593:
1448:
1257:
1136:
1080:
425:
the local historic belief that the beds were one of the places where the five brothers of the
1055:
204:
1588:
1478:
624:
1453:
1408:
1367:
1357:
1267:
1211:
1075:
1060:
412:
318:
392:
Thiruparankundram and its landmark hill contains some of the earliest cave temples of
1752:
1703:
1673:
1663:
1533:
1392:
1352:
1317:
1262:
1090:
821:
623:, which is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Madurai Junction. The nearest airport is
1598:
1583:
1498:
1438:
1413:
1312:
1307:
1272:
1226:
1201:
1166:
1156:
1116:
1020:
17:
758:
453:
the
British and French campaign to form what later became the Madras Presidency.
1708:
1688:
1623:
1603:
1573:
1553:
1538:
1503:
1483:
1458:
1433:
1342:
1302:
1221:
1121:
1085:
1070:
1050:
1693:
1648:
1633:
1578:
1528:
1513:
1508:
1493:
1387:
1377:
1337:
1322:
1297:
1287:
1252:
1206:
1196:
1186:
1171:
1141:
1131:
1095:
1045:
1040:
1035:
874:
687:
627:
at Avaniyapuram which is 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Thirupparankundram.
596:
514:
369:
192:
152:
139:
1733:
1723:
1718:
1698:
1683:
1643:
1608:
1488:
1473:
1382:
1362:
1347:
1242:
1191:
330:
325:
1658:
1653:
1468:
1463:
1418:
1327:
1292:
1277:
1216:
1065:
955:
393:
429:
fame rested. The southern side of the hill has a natural spring called
1713:
1618:
1613:
1543:
1523:
1428:
1332:
1181:
1176:
1126:
727:
592:
377:
365:
300:
285:
253:
1638:
1558:
1161:
1151:
588:
529:
661:
The Murugan temple complex, gopura at the northern foot of the rock
376:, the centre of the city and constitutes the southwest part of the
1548:
1111:
600:
587:
As per the religious census of 2011, Thiruparankundram had 91.79%
499:
420:
The western edge of the Thiruparankundram hill is home to ancient
411:
180:
544:
421:
846:
800:"Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Thiruparankundram"
720:
The Madurai Nayakas and the Skanda Temple at Tirupparankundram
722:, Ars Orientalis, Volume 33, pp. 148–157 (context: 146-179),
48:
Thiruparankundram municiple corporation, temple and rock hill
640:
one of the oldest temples built in sixth century is here.
416:
Tiruparankundram and southwestern side of the rock hill.
372:, India. It is about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from
1401:
1235:
1104:
1028:
1019:
881:
341:
324:
314:
309:
299:
291:
280:
272:
267:
259:
248:
240:
235:
225:
215:
210:
198:
186:
168:
34:
822:"Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu"
739:
737:
735:
673:Umai Andar cave at the southern foot of the rock
763:. Longmans, Green. pp. 59–60, footnote 4.
858:
714:
712:
710:
708:
8:
772:
770:
1025:
865:
851:
843:
778:"Census Info 2011 Final population totals"
31:
108:
75:
603:, and 0.11% following other religions.
704:
651:
340:
323:
308:
298:
266:
258:
234:
209:
167:
132:
60:
52:
40:
1764:Neighbourhoods and suburbs of Madurai
581:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
313:
290:
279:
271:
247:
239:
224:
214:
197:
185:
7:
873:Corporations and Municipalities of
25:
621:Tirupparankundram railway station
760:Yusuf Khan: The Rebel Commandant
693:Thirupparamkunram Murugan Temple
666:
654:
458:
435:Thirupparankundram rock-cut cave
399:Thirupparamkunram Murugan temple
173:
107:
100:
74:
67:
42:
244:12 km (5 sq mi)
88:Thirupparankundram, Tamil Nadu
1:
230:Madurai Municipal Corporation
757:Samuel Charles Hill (1914).
295:8,600/km (22,000/sq mi)
1780:
646:Sites in Thiruparankundram
29:Place in Tamil Nadu, India
718:Crispin Branfoot (2003),
566:
558:
553:
543:
538:
528:
523:
513:
508:
498:
493:
488:
483:
133:
121:Thiruparankundram (India)
61:
53:
41:
745:Madurai through the ages
447:Thiruparankundram Dargah
388:History and significance
364:, is a neighbourhood in
263:171 m (561 ft)
1564:Nandivaram-Guduvancheri
743:D. Devakunjari (1957),
417:
407:Meenakshi Amman Temple
153:9.882300°N 78.072000°E
91:Show map of Tamil Nadu
638:temple of lord Muruga
415:
403:Six Abodes of Murugan
315: • Official
220:Municipal Corporation
1444:Gudalur (Coimbatore)
374:Periyar Bus Terminus
343:Vehicle registration
292: • Density
433:as well as another
401:. It is one of the
158:9.882300; 78.072000
149: /
1669:Thirumuruganpoondi
1629:Punjai Puliampatti
1449:Gudalur (Nilgiris)
418:
273: • Total
241: • Total
18:Thirupparankundram
1759:Thiruparankundram
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1729:Vikramasingapuram
1679:Thiruthuraipoondi
1137:Gobichettipalayam
1081:Theni Allinagaram
571:
570:
358:Tirupparankundram
354:Thiruparankundram
351:
350:
281: • Rank
249: • Rank
226: • Body
216: • Type
124:Show map of India
115:Thiruparankundram
82:Thiruparankundram
36:Thiruparankundram
16:(Redirected from
1771:
1056:Maraimalai Nagar
1026:
867:
860:
853:
844:
837:
836:
834:
832:
826:
818:
812:
811:
809:
807:
796:
790:
789:
787:
785:
774:
765:
764:
754:
748:
741:
730:
716:
670:
658:
631:Important places
484:Religious census
481:
480:
462:
431:Saraswati Tirtha
362:Tiruparangundram
179:
177:
176:
164:
163:
161:
160:
159:
154:
150:
147:
146:
145:
142:
125:
111:
110:
104:
92:
78:
77:
71:
46:
32:
21:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1738:
1589:Padmanabhapuram
1479:Karumathampatti
1454:Gudalur (Theni)
1397:
1231:
1105:Selection grade
1100:
1015:
991:Tiruchirappalli
877:
871:
841:
840:
830:
828:
824:
820:
819:
815:
805:
803:
798:
797:
793:
783:
781:
776:
775:
768:
756:
755:
751:
742:
733:
717:
706:
701:
684:
679:
678:
677:
674:
671:
662:
659:
648:
647:
633:
625:Madurai Airport
609:
573:
572:
564:
551:
536:
521:
506:
477:
472:
471:
470:
468:
463:
390:
356:, also spelled
174:
172:
157:
155:
151:
148:
143:
140:
138:
136:
135:
129:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
117:
116:
112:
95:
94:
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:
84:
83:
79:
57:
54:Nickname:
49:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1761:
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1744:
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1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
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1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1569:Narasingapuram
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1409:Adirampattinam
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1368:Srivilliputhur
1365:
1360:
1358:Sathyamangalam
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1268:Bodinayakkanur
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1212:Udumalaipettai
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1076:Ramanathapuram
1073:
1068:
1063:
1061:Mayiladuthurai
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1023:
1021:Municipalities
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1006:Tiruvannamalai
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
887:
885:
879:
878:
872:
870:
869:
862:
855:
847:
839:
838:
813:
791:
766:
749:
731:
703:
702:
700:
697:
696:
695:
690:
683:
680:
676:
675:
672:
665:
663:
660:
653:
650:
649:
645:
644:
643:
642:
641:
632:
629:
608:
605:
569:
568:
565:
562:
560:
556:
555:
552:
549:
547:
541:
540:
537:
534:
532:
526:
525:
522:
519:
517:
511:
510:
507:
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502:
496:
495:
492:
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486:
485:
479:
478:
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465:
464:
457:
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455:
389:
386:
349:
348:
345:
339:
338:
328:
322:
321:
316:
312:
311:
307:
306:
303:
297:
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282:
278:
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269:
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261:
257:
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246:
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242:
238:
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227:
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217:
213:
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208:
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196:
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184:
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170:
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131:
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114:
113:
106:
105:
99:
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73:
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66:
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59:
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47:
39:
38:
35:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1776:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:Ulundurpettai
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1674:Thiruninravur
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Tharamangalam
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1534:Maduranthakam
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1393:Virudhachalam
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1353:Sankarankovil
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:Komarapalayam
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:Aruppukkottai
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1091:Udagamandalam
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:Special grade
1027:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
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795:
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531:
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134:Coordinates:
103:
70:
45:
33:
27:
19:
1599:Pallipalayam
1584:Oddanchatram
1499:Koothanallur
1439:Edaganasalai
1414:Ambasamudram
1402:Second grade
1373:Tirumangalam
1313:Kallakurichi
1308:Kadayanallur
1273:Chengalpattu
1227:Virudhunagar
1202:Tiruchengode
1167:Pattukkottai
1157:Nagapattinam
1147:Mettupalayam
986:Thoothukkudi
926:Kancheepuram
883:Corporations
831:13 September
829:. Retrieved
816:
804:. Retrieved
794:
782:. Retrieved
759:
752:
744:
719:
610:
586:
574:
475:Demographics
451:
444:
440:
430:
426:
419:
391:
383:
361:
357:
353:
352:
26:
1709:Usilampatti
1689:Tiruchendur
1624:Puliyankudi
1604:Periyakulam
1574:Nellikuppam
1554:Melvisharam
1539:Manamadurai
1519:Kuzhithurai
1504:Kottakuppam
1484:Kayalpatnam
1459:Jolarpettai
1434:Chinnamanur
1343:Poonamallee
1303:Jayankondam
1236:First grade
1222:Vaniyambadi
1122:Chidambaram
1086:Tiruverkadu
1071:Rajapalayam
1051:Krishnagiri
996:Tirunelveli
961:Pudukkottai
617:Tirunelveli
577:2011 census
427:Mahabharata
156: /
1753:Categories
1694:Tirukoilur
1649:Sholinghur
1634:Rameswaram
1594:Pallapatti
1579:Nelliyalam
1529:Madukkarai
1514:Kundrathur
1509:Kulithalai
1494:Kollankodu
1388:Vedaranyam
1378:Tiruvallur
1338:Paramakudi
1323:Manapparai
1298:Gudiyatham
1288:Devakottai
1253:Aranthangi
1207:Tirupattur
1197:Tindivanam
1187:Thiruvarur
1172:Perambalur
1142:Mannargudi
1132:Dharapuram
1096:Viluppuram
1046:Kovilpatti
1041:Kodaikanal
1036:Dharmapuri
941:Kumbakonam
901:Coimbatore
875:Tamil Nadu
806:26 January
784:26 January
699:References
688:Muthupatti
597:Christians
494:Percent(%)
370:Tamil Nadu
305:maduraites
268:Population
211:Government
193:Tamil Nadu
144:78°04′19″E
1734:Walajapet
1724:Vellakoil
1719:Vandavasi
1699:Tittakudi
1684:Thuvakudi
1644:Sengottai
1609:Pernambut
1489:Kilakarai
1474:Karamadai
1383:Tiruttani
1363:Sivaganga
1348:Rasipuram
1243:Arakkonam
1192:Thuraiyur
981:Thanjavur
951:Nagercoil
931:Karaikudi
906:Cuddalore
607:Transport
515:Christian
326:Time zone
310:Languages
260:Elevation
141:9°52′56″N
1659:Surandai
1654:Sirkazhi
1469:Kangeyam
1464:Kalakkad
1419:Ariyalur
1328:Palladam
1293:Edappadi
1278:Colachel
1217:Valparai
1066:Pollachi
1001:Tiruppur
976:Tambaram
971:Sivakasi
956:Namakkal
911:Dindigul
682:See also
619:stop at
599:, 0.01%
595:, 4.46%
591:, 3.62%
489:Religion
394:Shaivism
368:city in
331:UTC+5:30
200:District
1714:Vadalur
1619:Pugalur
1614:Ponneri
1544:Mangadu
1524:Lalgudi
1429:Cheyyar
1424:Bhavani
1333:Panruti
1182:Tenkasi
1177:Ranipet
1127:Coonoor
1011:Vellore
946:Madurai
896:Chennai
728:4434276
613:Madurai
593:Muslims
563:
550:
535:
520:
505:
378:Madurai
366:Madurai
301:Demonym
286:Madurai
276:103,207
254:Madurai
205:Madurai
169:Country
1639:Sattur
1559:Musiri
1283:Cumbum
1162:Palani
1152:Mettur
726:
589:Hindus
530:Muslim
509:91.79%
178:
1549:Melur
1258:Arcot
1248:Arani
1117:Attur
1112:Ambur
966:Salem
936:Karur
921:Hosur
916:Erode
891:Avadi
825:(XLS)
724:JSTOR
601:Sikhs
567:0.11%
559:Other
554:0.01%
539:3.62%
524:4.46%
500:Hindu
347:TN 58
319:Tamil
284:2 in
252:5 in
188:State
181:India
833:2015
808:2014
786:2014
636:The
615:and
545:Sikh
422:Jain
236:Area
360:or
335:IST
56:TPK
1755::
769:^
734:^
707:^
409:.
866:e
859:t
852:v
835:.
810:.
788:.
337:)
333:(
20:)
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