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41:" a coin and assign a grade of 1-70 on the Sheldon grading system, with 1 being the lowest grade, with only faint details visible to 70, a practically perfect, uncirculated coin with no scratches or wear. If a coin is determined to have been cleaned, altered or damaged in the past, the coin will still be given a general grade, such as Good or Very Fine, but will not be given a numerical rating on the Sheldon scale. These coins are commonly referred to as “details” coins and usually have lower value to collectors.
81:(ANA) established their Certification Service, the ANACS, in 1972. At first, the coins were not graded, only confirmed as genuine. Coins were returned with a photo certificate but not encapsulated. Originally located in Washington DC, the ANACS moved to Colorado Springs in 1976. The Official American Numismatic Association Grading Standards for United States Coins was published in 1977, providing the basis for ANACS's expansion from authentication only to into grading in March 1979.
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label color and the fact that coins would rattle inside. NGC commenced business in 1987. ANACS provided both photo certificates and/or slabs in 1989. ICG was established in 1998. Many other companies have provided similar services, but most are no longer in business, and all have certified far fewer coins. Today, some people have begun collecting some of these early slabs from defunct companies not for the coins, but for the historical value of the slabs themselves.
128:(PNG), released the results of a survey of major coin dealers who gave their professional opinions about 11 certification services. PCGS and NGC were rated "Superior" overall, with ANACS and ICG deemed "Good". PCI and SEGS were listed as "Poor", while called "Unacceptable" were Accugrade (ACG), Numistrust Corporation (NTC), Hallmark Coin Grading Service (HCGS), American Coin Club Grading Service (ACCGS), and Star Grading Services (SGS).
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61:(CAC) is a coin certification service which evaluates certain high-end coins already certified other firms and assigns a CAC approval to the coin's slab if it meets certain standards based on the coin's eye appeal, strike and visual appearance. Coins with the CAC sticker are usually valued higher than those without CAC approval.
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NGC and PCGS counterfeit holders have been reported, but significant measures have been taken by both services to remedy the problem, such as NGC's use of photographic verification for every coin certified and both services' employment of serial number verification and anti-counterfeiting features in
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Modern third-party coin grading service is presently defined by the tamper-resistant plastic "slab," which encapsulates both the item and its certification. Before photographs and encapsulation there was no way to permanently tie the certificate to the actual item being certified. It was possible to
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and eventually some new grades (very fine, near mint) and by the 21st century, grades from 0.1 to 10.0 (similar to 1 to 100 except normally 10.0 isn't used because of often-unavoidable minor handling/manufacturing contamination/damage, and only certain numbers tend to be used, such as multiples of
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A more recent development has been the advent of "stickering" services, such as
Certified Acceptance Corporation (CAC). These companies do not slab coins themselves, but rather provide a second opinion on already slabbed coins, adding a sticker to slabs that they consider to be on the high end of
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a photograph of the coin, clearly illustrating the transition from photo certificates to slabs. PCGS began operations in 1986, providing encapsulation in a modern plastic slab without a photograph. Their first-generation holder is known as the Old Green Holder (OGH) or "rattler," because of its
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from 1 to 70) and authenticated by two or more graders, and then assigned a final grade by a finalizer, based in part upon the recommendations of the prior graders. Depending on the company, various descriptors may be added, such as Full Bell Lines (FBL) for
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submit a superior coin for certification and then sell a similar, but inferior, coin with the certificate issued for the more valuable one. This was the problem faced by the
Institute of Numismatic Authenticators, founded by the controversial
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Along with coins, other items later started to be graded. NGC's parent company is by
Certified Collectibles Group, which includes Paper Money Grading (PMG), and a stamp grading company, and the first comic book grading company,
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The move from photo certificates to slabs came in 1984, with a now defunct company called
Accugrade. Their early slabs are notable for containing both the coin
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55:(NGC) 1987, and Independent Coin Graders (ICG) 1998, are the most popular and well-known services. Together they have certified over 100 million coins.
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At each of the four main grading companies, a similar process is used. Each coin is graded (on a verbal and numerical
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Comic books used to be graded same as books, with grades described Firsts
Magazine and
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The
Official American Numismatic Association Grading Standards for United States Coins
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0.5 approximating sub-grades of older grades that are words but still used).
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These services will, for a tiered fee depending on the value of the coin, "
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377:"Buy the Holder, Not the Coin – 10 Certification Slabs to Look For"
347:"The History of the First Third-Party Coin Grading Service – ANACS"
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In 2007, the rare coin industry's leading dealer association, the
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There are four (six for Canada) coin certification services which
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559:"PNG, ICTA Announce Results of 2006 Grading Services Survey"
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324:. Colorado Springs, CO: American Numismatic Association.
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212:"First coin's authentication service' founded in 1962"
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in 1962. The company lasted little more than a year.
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American
Numismatic Association Certification Service
666:"PCGS Announces New Anti-Counterfeiting Coin Holder"
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565:. Professional Numismatists Guild. Archived from
641:"NGC Confirms Counterfeit Replica Coin Holders"
463:"Certified Acceptance Corp. plans fee increase"
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837:VAM (Morgan and Peace dollar die varieties)
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1019:Standard Catalog of World Paper Money
159:The Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide
97:, which now has several competitors.
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375:Schwager, David (January 18, 2018).
149:or Deep Mirror Prooflike (DMPL) for
14:
973:Professional Coin Grading Service
49:Professional Coin Grading Service
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1071:Coin shows in the United States
1014:Replacement banknote (star note)
958:Certified Acceptance Corporation
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187:
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59:Certified Acceptance Corporation
126:Professional Numismatists Guild
79:American Numismatic Association
53:Numismatic Guaranty Corporation
1:
1045:List of metal detecting finds
1055:List of most expensive coins
435:"Comprehensive Market Study"
210:Orosz, Joel (Apr 30, 2016).
968:Numismatic Guaranty Company
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877:Sheldon coin grading scale
411:. Independent Coin Graders
95:Certified Guaranty Company
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843:
1035:List of coin collectors
999:Greenback (1860s money)
1093:Numismatics portal
872:Paper currency grading
320:; Abe, Kosoff (1977).
147:Franklin half dollars
588:"Coins Buying Guide"
77:A decade later, the
1009:Paper money catalog
882:Third-party grading
762:Coin counterfeiting
537:. pcgscoinfacts.com
30:, attribution, and
17:Third-party grading
1040:List of currencies
782:Commemorative coin
772:Coin rolling scams
181:Numismatics portal
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787:Euro starter kits
767:Coin roll hunting
742:Circulation issue
535:pcgscoinfacts.com
531:"PCGS Coin Facts"
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1103:Money portal
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318:Bressett, Ken
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292:"About ANACS"
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51:(PCGS) 1986,
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32:encapsulation
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1122:Coin grading
944:Coin grading
928:Coin wrapper
923:Coin storage
913:Coin counter
908:Coin catalog
903:Coin capsule
881:
862:Coin grading
674:. Retrieved
670:coinweek.com
669:
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649:. Retrieved
645:coinnews.net
644:
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624:. Retrieved
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571:. Retrieved
567:the original
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539:. Retrieved
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505:. Retrieved
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471:. Retrieved
469:. Coin World
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443:. Retrieved
439:coinweek.com
438:
413:. Retrieved
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392:9. Accugrade
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384:. Retrieved
381:coinweek.com
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355:. Retrieved
351:coinweek.com
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300:. Retrieved
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245:. Retrieved
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195:Money portal
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21:coin grading
16:
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1127:Numismatics
982:Paper money
918:Coin folder
822:Seigniorage
812:Numismatics
725:Numismatics
672:. Coin Week
647:. Coin News
620:icgcoin.com
501:ngccoin.com
441:. Coin Week
415:29 November
409:icgcoin.com
386:29 November
302:29 November
221:29 November
1116:Categories
994:Fiat money
898:Coin board
827:Token coin
676:2015-09-16
651:2015-09-16
626:2015-09-05
598:2015-09-05
573:2015-09-07
541:2015-09-05
507:2015-09-05
473:2015-09-12
445:2015-09-12
405:"About Us"
277:2015-09-05
247:2015-09-16
167:References
1004:Notaphily
946:companies
867:Coin slab
296:anacs.com
271:anacs.com
241:money.org
989:Banknote
891:Supplies
802:Key date
792:Exonumia
777:Coin set
592:ebay.com
357:11 March
855:Grading
298:. ANACS
273:. ANACS
267:"ANACS"
136:Process
65:History
832:Toning
594:. eBay
328:
23:&
1064:Shows
1028:Lists
953:ANACS
937:Other
622:. ICG
616:"ICG"
503:. NGC
497:"NGC"
243:. ANA
237:"ANA"
142:scale
747:Coin
417:2021
388:2021
359:2020
326:ISBN
304:2021
223:2021
115:ICCS
111:eBay
39:slab
86:and
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