Third Anglo-Dutch War

1562: 1393: 1240: 54: 1505: 1468: 1694: 1285: 835: 1639: 270: 336: 176: 1599:

it deepened suspicions between the English and French, further undercutting popular support for the war, while ending any hopes of starving the Dutch through a naval blockade. The result was an overwhelming strategic victory for the Dutch. even though four ships of the Spice Fleet had fallen into Allied hands. For De Ruyter, the successful campaign, by repelling attacks by much superior fleets to save his homeland, had been the highlight of his career, as the English readily acknowledged:

1497:. Attempts in the spring to drain the northern part of the line or cross on rafts also proved unsuccessful. With an eastern approach impractical, the Royal Navy was ordered to blockade the coast in co-operation with a French squadron; if possible, they were to land an invasion force, although how this would be accomplished was unclear. Lacking experience of amphibious operations, this meant capturing a Dutch port, despite limited knowledge of the dangerous 1341: 636: 975: 1105: 317: 306: 295: 282: 162: 251: 240: 229: 216: 197: 623:

battles, which were largely inconclusive but ended any prospect of an English landing. The English merchant fleet meanwhile suffered heavy losses to Dutch privateers. In addition, Louis now focused on taking the Spanish Netherlands, an objective as harmful to English interests as it was to Dutch. The resulting increase in domestic opposition forced Charles to agree the

147: 888: 1558:; he took his own squadron to attack Tromp, who was also being engaged by Rupert, but fear of running aground meant this was not done with any conviction. Now split into four parts and in considerable confusion, the Allies withdrew after nine hours of fighting; they were not pursued, since De Ruyter decided not to take any unnecessary risks. 1765:

Protestant brother nations, if only some minor "indemnities" could be paid. At first the States of Holland were disinclined to grant Charles's demands: as England had accomplished nothing in the war, it was, in their opinion, not entitled to any reward. But William convinced them that there was some chance of bringing Charles into the war

1550:. At Solebay the previous year, the French squadron had sailed in the opposite direction to that of the English; to counter accusations this had been deliberate, they now formed the centre squadron. However, their inexperience and poor positioning left gaps which allowed De Ruyter to sail through the Allied centre. 1276:

widespread rioting, with Orangists seizing control of city councils and demanding William take over government. On 22 June, Johan de Witt was badly wounded in an assassination attempt; one of the attackers, Jacob van der Graaf, was quickly arrested, tried and executed, increasing popular anger with the De Witts.

807:, committing to mutual support in the event of an attack on one by France or Spain. A secret clause agreed to provide Spain military assistance if France continued the war. Charles disclosed the secret clause to Louis, who felt betrayed by the Dutch. Louis returned most of his acquisitions in the 1668 1802:

brigade would not be withdrawn from the French army and it would be allowed to recruit in Britain until the end of the Franco-Dutch War. In April that year, William attempted to convince his uncle to enter the war against Louis but failed. Until the end of the War of Holland in 1678, Charles tried to

1598:

The conduct of the French led to widespread recriminations and accusations they had failed to support their English colleagues. Whether this was fair remains a matter of dispute; in all three battles, De Ruyter took advantage of Allied deficiencies in fighting instructions and signalling. Regardless,

1454:

Never popular to begin with, English support for the war dissolved along with hopes for a quick victory. In late 1673, the French withdrew from the Republic, and focused on conquering the Spanish Netherlands, a frightening prospect for most English politicians. Combined with a Dutch pamphlet campaign

1356:

on 16 July. This set out a list of shared demands and undertook not to conclude a separate peace, but neither side placed any reliance on it. Leopold's envoy in the Hague, Francois-Paul de Lisola, gave the States-General assurances of Imperial support and arranged for Spanish troops to hold the Dutch

1057:

was ordered to sail through the Dutch fleet, who duly struck their flag in salute, but failed to fire white smoke, an honour afforded only to warships. A formal complaint to the States General was dismissed, while few in England were even aware of the incident. Its use as a pretext, combined with the

1553:

The French commanders had been ordered by Louis not to risk their ships, but focus on learning from the English and Dutch. They therefore disengaged, later writing enthusiastic reports about the tactical genius of the manoeuvre used by De Ruyter. Their defection threatened to cut off the Allied rear

1379:

Johan de Witt had resigned as Grand Pensionary in June, while Cornelis was arrested for allegedly plotting to murder William. On 15 August, Charles' letter blaming the De Witts was published in Holland; the effect was to inflame tensions and the two brothers were lynched by an Orangist civil militia

1095:

among others. It also increased opposition in England, where many had opposed an alliance with Catholic France from the start. Peace negotiations made little progress; an over-confident Louis made demands unacceptable even to his English allies, while the Dutch used the opportunity to acquire allies

822:

Concluding the Dutch would never voluntarily accept French aims in the Spanish Netherlands, Louis decided the best way to achieve them was to eliminate the Republic. This meant breaking up the Triple Alliance; since the subsidies promised by the Dutch remained unpaid, it was easy to detach Sweden by

1404:

On 7 July, the inundations were fully set; their effectiveness would be reduced when the waters froze in winter but for now, Holland was secure from French advance. This gave the States time to enact the military reforms approved on 16 July, while they were boosted by the return of 20,000 prisoners

854:

for the French army. The treaty was signed in December 1670, but omitted secret clauses not revealed until 1677; Louis agreed to pay Charles £230,000 per year for the brigade, £1 million for the navy and £200,000 for his public conversion to Catholicism, the timing of which was left up to him.

1328:

on 5 July, cheered by crowds who believed they brought promises of English support. The mood quickly changed when their terms were made public. France and Münster were to retain their conquests and William would be appointed Sovereign Prince of Holland, in return for which he would pay England ten

1292:

The Dutch were helped by the incompatibility of French and English objectives, while initial success meant Louis over-estimated the strength of his position. French expansion in the Spanish Netherlands was primarily intended to grow their economy at the expense of the Dutch, but undermined English

878:

resolved a major area of dispute, while both were concerned by French aims in the Low Countries, and English merchants were also affected by French tariffs. Most Dutch and English politicians considered the Triple Alliance an essential protection against French expansion; in early 1671, Parliament

1446:

After the French failed to breach the Holland Water Line, the Anglo-French fleet was tasked with defeating the Dutch navy, allowing them to blockade the Dutch coast and threaten the Republic with starvation, or land an invasion force. However, poor co-ordination meant they failed to exploit their

622:

By the end of 1673, the Dutch had regained much of the territory lost in May, and with hopes of a quick victory gone, Parliament refused to provide Charles with further funding for a war which the majority opposed. Between June to July 1673, the Dutch and Anglo-French fleets fought three separate

1764:

that to his regret, he had to terminate the English war effort. He told the Dutch via the Spanish consul in London, the Marquess del Fresno, that, his main war aim to install his noble nephew as stadtholder having been attained, he no longer objected to concluding a lasting peace between the two

1665:

Stabilising their military position also restored Dutch credit, allowing the Estates to expand the military budget to a hundred million guilders, three times annual tax revenues. Louis had attacked the Republic hoping for a quick victory; once this failed, he faced a war of attrition on multiple

1416:

and Charleroi, which were over-ambitious and unsuccessful but restored Dutch morale, while Coevorden was recaptured on 31 December. Although their position remained precarious, by the end of 1672 the Dutch had regained much of the territory lost in May and Louis found himself involved in a wider

1649:

In previous conflicts, investing in privateers had been very profitable for the English, but from 1672 to 1673 Dutch raiders captured over 2,800 French and English ships, far more than their counterparts, The province of Zealand alone operated 120 privateers. Having failed to blockade the Dutch

1275:

However, this did not offset the damage caused by Dutch defeats on land, and it was impossible to hide the gravity of the crisis. A stream of venomous Orangist pamphlets accused the De Witt brothers in particular and the Regent regime in general of betraying the country to the French. There was

986:

England provided two-thirds of an Anglo-French fleet of 98 "great ships and frigates", whose role was to gain control of Dutch waters, land an expeditionary force and attack its shipping. Parliament generally approved naval expenditure, seen as protecting English trade, but refused to fund land

1408:

This forced Louis to divert 40,000 men to meet this threat, with nearly 50,000 tied up in garrisons around the Republic. English hopes of a quick victory vanished after Solebay, while the removal of the De Witts secured William's position and ended his dependence on Charles. The Münster army

1200:

The States General had responded to the March attack on the Smyrna convoy by expanding the active fleet from forty-eight to sixty vessels, and ordering the construction of thirty-six new vessels. This still left them outnumbered by the combined Anglo-French fleet, and De Ruyter withdrew into

1079:; by opening the sluices, the Dutch managed to stop the French advance. Dutch survival depended on control of the sea lanes, which ensured they could bring in vital supplies and keep trade routes open. Although outnumbered, on 7 June De Ruyter attacked the combined Anglo-French fleet at the 1305:. Both sides were using talks as a delaying tactic, assuming their position would improve; Louis knew the envoys were not authorised to negotiate on religion or the territorial integrity of the provinces and would have to request further instructions. The English were to be ceded 938:, which had an authorised total of 83,000 men. Uncertainty over French strategy meant most of these were based in the wrong place, while many garrisons were below strength; on 12 June, one commander reported he had only four companies available from an official total of eighteen. 1296:

On 14 June, the States of Holland opened negotiations, offering Louis the right to occupy key fortresses in the south, plus an indemnity of ten million guilders. He responded with additional demands including religious freedom for Catholics, or French sovereignty over

1481:

In the first two wars, both navies, particularly the Dutch, employed aggressive tactics that often resulted in heavy ship losses for the defeated side. In the Third Anglo-Dutch War, the priority was to minimise losses, and it was common for fleets to engage using the

1086:

His unexpected success proved a mixed blessing for Louis, since it distracted from the main objectives of capturing the Spanish Netherlands. The possibility of France controlling the Republic, the largest commercial power in Europe, brought the Dutch support from

1724:, which was seen as confirmation of rumours he had secretly become a Catholic and could not comply with the Test Act. As Charles had no legitimate offspring, James' marriage now presented the strong prospect of a Catholic dynasty ruling England in the future. 966:

manoeuvres installed a new sense of coherence and discipline. Dutch ships were generally better gun platforms, whose shallow draft suited operations close to shore but were slow and less effective in open seas. Although Dutch numbers were further reduced by

941:

The Republic was better prepared for a naval war, although to avoid provoking the English, on 4 February the States General reduced the naval budget from 7.9 million to 4.8 million guilders. At the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1667, the

1268:. Anger at the alleged lack of support from D'Estrées increased opposition to the war, and Parliament was reluctant to approve funds for essential repairs. For the rest of the year, this restricted English naval operations to a failed attack on the 1263:

was sunk by fireships, with other ships suffering heavy damage. Although ship losses were roughly equal, Solebay ensured the Dutch retained control of their coastal waters, secured their trade routes and ended hopes of an Anglo-French landing in

1561: 787:

in July 1667, then started talks in London on a shared approach for reversing them. Sensing an opportunity, Charles proposed an alliance to Louis, who was unwilling to pay the subsidies demanded; however, De Witt welcomed English envoys to

1603:

concluded that among admirals, "he was the greatest that ever to that time was in the world". The English had to abandon their plans for an invasion from the sea, and the large costs of repair troubled Parliament.

1685:

and Maastricht. With victory over the Dutch now unlikely, the war became one for control of Flanders, an issue that divided England and France. Tensions between the two increased when Arlington's former secretary

1405:

ransomed from the French. In addition to unofficial Spanish support, on 25 July Leopold promised to invade the Rhineland and Alsace with 16,000 troops, along with the 20,000 promised by Frederick William in May.

1787:, captured by the Dutch in 1667, would remain their colony, confirming the status quo of 1667. An "indemnity" of two million guilders was to be paid by the Dutch. Eventually, William would force Charles to 755:

and an attempted Orangist coup, both financed by England. The prospect of an English victory led Louis to activate the 1662 treaty, although the Dutch considered the support provided inadequate. When the

946:

was the largest in Europe but by 1672 the combined Anglo-French fleet outnumbered them by over a third. However, the French were inexperienced, their ships badly designed and their relationship with the

1727:

Buckingham, who learned of the secret provisions of the Treaty of Dover the previous year, reacted to the changed public mood by leaking them to other politicians, including Arlington. As a result, the

1531:. Early on 7 June, Prince Rupert detached a light squadron, hoping to tempt De Ruyter into battle where the Allies could use their superior numbers. The alternative was forcing the Dutch fleet into 1293:

trade and security as well. If Louis also gained control of Holland, the financial and commercial centre of Europe, the potential increase in French influence threatened every other European state.

1228:

either misunderstood his intentions or deliberately ignored them, sailing in the opposite direction. The thirty French ships fought a separate encounter at long-range with fifteen ships from the

1409:

disintegrated due to lack of supplies and on 27 August, von Galen abandoned the siege of Groningen; the besiegers lost over 11,000 men, including 6,000 deserters, many of whom joined the Dutch.

369: 1368:

A second letter from Charles on 18 July urged William to accept his terms, claiming the De Witts were the only obstacle to peace. He responded by offering fishing rights, £400,000, Sluys and

870:

National tensions between England and the Republic significantly diminished after 1667, and there was minimal support for an anti-Dutch alliance with France. Exchanging the Dutch colony of

1776:

was publicly proclaimed in London on 17 February Old Style. It was approved by the States of Holland and West Frisia on 4 March (New Style), and ratified by the States General on 5 March.

1769:

France eventually. Furthermore, Spain had not yet declared war on France and was willing to do so only if England made peace, because it feared English attacks on its American colonies.

1760:

In this situation Charles felt that continuing the alliance was a grave threat to his personal position and that Parliament would no longer fund a war. He informed the French ambassador

1096:

and rebuild their army. By the end of 1672, they had regained much of the territory lost in May; Charles had run out of money and Parliament was unwilling to provide further financing.

1459:

ended the war; it was greeted with popular enthusiasm in both countries, not least by commercial interests in Amsterdam and London, and the treaty was ratified with exceptional speed.

1392: 478: 1455:

claiming Charles had agreed to restore Catholicism, Parliament refused to fund the war, while the level of opposition made Charles fear for his own position. In February 1674, the

1690:

fled to the Republic in early 1673. He started a propaganda campaign, flooding England with pamphlets accusing Charles and Louis of conspiring to make the country Catholic again.

1527:, and was in any case insufficient for the task. In May, the English fleet of 81 ships approached the Dutch coast, while De Ruyter's 55 ships took up a defensive position in the 903:, was entrusted by Charles with the same mission. Since Dutch defences were concentrated along their southern border with the Spanish Netherlands, Louis agreed an alliance with 1417:

European war of attrition. Despite his French subsidies, Charles had run out of money and faced considerable domestic opposition to continuing the war. This increased when the

53: 3328: 954:

In the battles of 1666, the Dutch had been hampered by lack of familiarity with their new, much heavier, warships, the complex federal command system and conflict between

3814: 1002:

merchants were ruined and it shut off the short-term financing essential to international trade. In late March, two weeks before a formal declaration of war, he ordered

994:

Parliament's refusal to fund a war against the Protestant Dutch in alliance with Catholic France meant Charles had to find other sources of finance. In January 1672, he

1372:, in return for recognition as Prince of Holland and England agreeing a separate peace. Based on the Heeswijk Accord, Louis demanded the Dutch cede their naval base at 1239: 362: 1803:

negotiate between the two parties, at times pretending to consider a conflict with France, when such pretence was beneficial to him. In 1677, he forced his niece

1733: 1642: 4301: 1021:

on 15 March, but by also removing restrictions on Catholics, it did little to reduce opposition. Hostility increased when Charles appointed his Catholic brother

3276: 1058:

attack on the Dutch convoy, led some English politicians to declare the conflict "unjust". England declared war on 27 March, followed by France on 6 April.

2255: 1489:

When the Water Line froze during the winter of 1673, the French were unable to break it, thwarted by thin ice and companies of Dutch sailors equipped with

1384:

became Grand Pensionary, and on 27 August the States of Holland banned their political opponents from local office, securing William's political position.

611:. William rebuffed attempts by Charles to make peace, knowing the French alliance was unpopular in England, while French success brought him support from 4306: 471: 355: 1205:

waters near the Dutch coast, awaiting an opportunity. Disasters on land meant De Witt needed a victory; he ordered De Ruyter to attack, accompanied by

1467: 923: 1651: 1451:

on 21 August was inconclusive, it was a strategic Dutch victory as the damage inflicted on the English fleet forced them to return home for repairs.

1504: 1352:

William rejected the offer, since it gave the Dutch nothing they did not already hold. Arlington and Buckingham then met with Louis and agreed the

1721: 1716:, a devout Catholic. In February 1673, Parliament refused to approve further taxes unless Charles withdrew his proposed Indulgence and accepted a 1321: 1026: 418: 3597: 1071:

When the French invaded the Dutch Republic in May 1672, it initially seemed as if they had won an overwhelming victory. By the end of June, only

899:, his ambassador in The Hague, to continue negotiations with De Witt as a delaying tactic while he finalised invasion plans. The English envoy, 1324:

to Brill, accompanied by Orangist exiles who had fled the Republic after their failed coup in 1666. They arrived at William's headquarters in

1040:, was instructed to "break with (the Dutch), yet to lay the breach at their door". This was done using manufactured incidents, including the 930:

on their eastern border. Hoping for English backing, on 25 February 1672 the States General appointed Charles' 22-year-old nephew William as

464: 1575:

The Allies continued to hold their position off the Dutch coast; on 14 June, De Ruyter took advantage of favourable winds and launched the

1284: 1254: 1118:

or 'Year of disaster'. On 7 May, a French army of around 80,000 entered Liège; accompanied by Louis, they bypassed the Dutch stronghold of

757: 321: 3608: 1037: 1013:

The unpopularity of the French alliance and lack of funding forced Charles to gamble on a quick war. In an attempt to gain support from

834: 4261: 4242: 4223: 4204: 4166: 4082: 4063: 3962: 3943: 3924: 3842: 3794: 3775: 3752: 3733: 3714: 3695: 3639: 3620: 3577: 3504: 3485: 3445: 3426: 3407: 3388: 3369: 1376:

to England, a demand he knew was unacceptable. After the terms were rejected on 20 July, Arlington and Buckingham returned to London.

896: 3981: 1799: 796: 3852:

Palmer, M (1997). "The 'Military Revolution' Afloat: The Era of the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the Transition to Modern Warfare at Sea".

3313: 1486:' formation, an essentially defensive approach; despite inflicting considerable damage, neither side lost any ships at the Texel. 1018: 808: 918:

In April 1672, France agreed to subsidise Sweden to remain neutral, while also promising military assistance if 'threatened' by

1569: 900: 65: 4185: 4138: 1615: 1426: 1007: 425: 403: 3465: 3458:

Amsterdam & William III; the role of influence, interest and patronage on policy-making in the Dutch Republic, 1672–1684

752: 2994:

New York: A Sketch of the City's Social, Political, and Commercial Progress from the First Dutch Settlement to Recent Times

1108:

Map of the Netherlands (Dutch Republic and Spanish) and surrounding areas during the French invasion and occupation of 1672

583:

The French offensive in May and June 1672 quickly overran most of the Republic, with the exception of the core province of

1905: 1662:

caused further commercial damage. These losses compounded existing doubts about the war, which many felt was unjustified.

1475: 1088: 1014: 912: 724:, and keeping it shut was a vital objective. Changes in this region also concerned England, since control of ports on the 612: 1138:. The last of these surrendered on 9 June, while troops from Münster and Cologne simultaneously entered the provinces of 1773: 1671: 1627: 908: 663: 413: 127: 1638: 587:, where they were halted by water defences. In early June, the Anglo-French fleet was badly damaged by the Dutch under 1745: 1519:

Hoping to unnerve the Dutch, Prince Rupert leaked information claiming his fleet was accompanied by ships carrying an

1456: 624: 408: 1677:

William made sure the peace negotiations held in Cologne with France and England failed. In September, he recaptured

4235:

International Politics and Warfare in the Age of Louis XIV and Peter the Great: A Guide to the Historical Literature

1583:

for repairs. In late July, Rupert put to sea again, hoping to draw the Dutch north by feinting against The Hague or

4296: 4291: 4286: 1670:; on 30 August, the Dutch agreed the Alliance of the Hague with Leopold and Spain. In October, they were joined by 1667: 1546:

However, De Ruyter's speed of response allowed him to attack before the main Allied fleet was ready, launching the

1316:

Arguing only Charles could save them from the French, Orangist pressure led to his nephew William's appointment as

1030: 576:. Under the treaty, Charles also received secret payments which he hoped would make him financially independent of 310: 831:

as a mediator, Charles' sister and Louis' sister in law. Very few English statesmen were aware of its provisions.

4281: 1579:. Once again, this caused chaos in the unprepared Allied fleet, which suffered severe damage and returned to the 651: 689:

opposed negotiations for an Anglo-Dutch alliance; after these broke down, he agreed a treaty of assistance with

1588: 1430: 1329:

million guilders, £10,000 per annum for North Sea herring rights, and allow English garrisons to occupy Brill,

1269: 269: 4159:

The Dutch Wars of Independence: Warfare and Commerce in the Netherlands 1570–1680 (Modern Wars in Perspective)

3514:

Goldie, M.; Levillain, Charles-Edouard (2018). "Francois-Paul de Lisola and English Opposition to Louis XIV".

799:, who preferred a weak Spain as a neighbour to a strong France. On 23 January 1668, the Republic, England and 1225: 1003: 740: 393: 340: 1732:

joined those advocating peace with the Dutch; shocked by the revelation of Charles' agreement with Louis,

1369: 1259: 1245: 968: 943: 824: 804: 784: 744: 675: 659: 642:; the war was driven by his desire for the French subsidies that offered financial freedom from Parliament 557: 520: 508: 440: 221: 1587:; although De Ruyter preferred to remain where he was, he was ordered out to escort a valuable incoming 1576: 1547: 995: 991:, a mercenary unit in French service since 1631, and very few members saw service before the war ended. 971:

retaining ships for defence against Münster, better training and design gave them operational equality.

904: 776: 679: 655: 647: 639: 604: 577: 561: 502: 430: 287: 3588: 1807:

to marry William; this would later prove to be a fundamental cause of the fall of his brother in 1688.

1693: 3531:

Grose, Clyde L (1929). "Louis XIV's Financial Relations with Charles II and the English Parliament".

1681:, Münster and Cologne made peace, and French troops withdrew from the Dutch Republic, retaining only 1310: 1236:. D'Estrées was later condemned by some of his own officers for failing to engage them more closely. 1229: 1182: 1178: 1072: 828: 697: 1709: 1701: 1626:." However, Dutch rule ended on 10 November 1674 with the order to implement the provisions of the 1600: 1358: 1022: 919: 765: 748: 736: 709: 690: 569: 565: 445: 299: 274: 4035: 4252:

Zwitzer, H. L. (1990). "British and Netherlands Armies in Relation to the Anglo-Dutch Alliance".

4117: 4109: 4022: 4014: 3877: 3869: 3674: 3666: 3556: 3548: 3300: 3292: 1804: 1761: 1682: 1447:

numerical advantage, and De Ruyter was able to prevent his fleet being overwhelmed. Although the

1298: 1186: 1181:; the inundations were released on 22 June, stopping the French advance in this area. On 5 July, 855:

Aware Louis was negotiating with De Witt over dividing the Spanish Netherlands, Charles demanded

839: 823:

offering money, making England his next target. The French and English kings negotiated the 1670

780: 573: 542: 316: 305: 294: 281: 167: 4257: 4238: 4219: 4200: 4181: 4162: 4134: 4078: 4059: 3977: 3958: 3939: 3920: 3894: 3838: 3790: 3771: 3748: 3729: 3710: 3691: 3635: 3616: 3573: 3500: 3481: 3441: 3422: 3403: 3384: 3365: 1858: 1749: 1418: 1221: 1080: 1052: 1041: 979: 955: 935: 761: 592: 588: 546: 398: 335: 233: 181: 3381:

Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000

4101: 4004: 3861: 3658: 3540: 3519: 3284: 1866: 1854: 1233: 1224:. The Duke of York led his squadrons against the main Dutch fleet, but his French colleague 1206: 1194: 1112:

The speed with which the Republic was over-run in 1672 means it is still referred to as the

769: 683: 671: 667: 600: 550: 488: 325: 259: 255: 244: 45: 41: 3806:

Two Treatises of Government. A critical edition with an introduction and apparatus criticus

1033:. Even the Royal Navy found it difficult to recruit enough sailors to fully man the fleet. 846:

Terms included an Anglo-French military alliance against the Republic, creation of a Dutch

3815:"The Wars of Louis XIV in Treaties (Part III): The Secret Alliance of Dover (1 June 1670)" 1840: 1792: 1737: 1687: 1592: 1520: 1513: 1494: 1448: 1353: 931: 927: 729: 537:, began on 27 March 1672, and concluded on 19 February 1674. A naval conflict between the 435: 60: 1083:; both sides lost one ship each, but it ended significant naval operations for the year. 891:

Agreements with Münster and Cologne allowed the French to bypass the Spanish Netherlands.

962:. By 1672, these had been corrected, and De Ruyter's intensive training of his fleet in 879:

allocated money to ensure the Royal Navy could fulfil its obligations under the treaty.

1870: 1823: 1780: 1729: 1713: 1697: 1555: 1532: 1524: 1509: 1483: 1373: 1340: 1158: 1092: 999: 974: 963: 959: 800: 701: 635: 616: 538: 250: 239: 228: 215: 196: 152: 4275: 4121: 4026: 4009: 3992: 3881: 3764: 3678: 3560: 3304: 3274:

Boxer, C. R. (1969). "Some Second Thoughts on the Third Anglo-Dutch War, 1672–1674".

1788: 1655: 1619: 1608: 871: 705: 686: 596: 202: 104: 17: 3327:(Old-Lore Series Vol. VIII). London: Viking Society for Northern Research: 101–103. 1708:

Many were convinced of its truth, particularly when Charles gave permission for his

998:, an act that produced £1.3 million, but had disastrous economic effects. Many 1422: 1381: 1345: 1104: 875: 207: 108: 3456: 3007:

From New Amsterdam to New York: The Founding of New York by the Dutch in July 1625

1862: 1535:, where they could be blockaded while transports brought troops over to assault 1528: 1325: 1317: 1150: 988: 608: 572:, while Charles sought to restore the damage to his prestige caused by the 1667 112: 3936:

Oranje tegen de Zonnekoning: De strijd van Willem III en Lodewijk XIV om Europa

3865: 911:

for an attack from the east (see Map). It also complied with an undertaking to

3662: 1741: 1623: 1584: 1540: 1334: 1143: 1139: 1119: 948: 847: 779:

forced Charles to pay off his fleet in early 1667, leading to the humiliating

3898: 2256:"'Remarkable': Eastbourne shipwreck identified as 17th-century Dutch warship" 1490: 1397: 1213: 1127: 887: 856: 812: 795:

French tariffs on imports imposed in early 1667 increased opposition in the

789: 717: 100: 3766:

The History Men. The Historical Profession in England since the Renaissance

2990:

IV. New Amsterdam becomes New York The Beginning of English Rule. 1664–1674

1197:, but flooding prevented a proper siege and his troops were soon starving. 2936: 2934: 2932: 2844: 2842: 783:. Despite this triumph, the Dutch were more worried by French gains; they 3649:

Hutton, R (1986). "The Making of the Secret Treaty of Dover, 1668–1670".

1784: 1717: 1591:

treasure fleet. While both sides suffered severe damage in the resulting

1320:

of Holland on 4 July. Hoping for a quick win, Charles sent Arlington and

1306: 1302: 1114: 725: 4018: 3873: 678:

from public office, ensuring Republican political control. When Charles

568:

on the Dutch Republic. By doing so, Louis hoped to gain control of the

347: 4113: 3955:

Rechterhand van Nederland: Biografie van Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter

3670: 3552: 3523: 3296: 1678: 1612: 1536: 1413: 1288:

The murder of the De Witt brothers secured William's domestic position.

1265: 1217: 1190: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1076: 1048: 860: 851: 816: 747:; in the first 18 months, the Dutch suffered a serious naval defeat at 721: 713: 584: 3993:"The role of mercantilism in Anglo-Dutch political relations, 1650–74" 1720:

barring Catholics from public office. In June 1673, James resigned as

1674:, whose duchy was occupied by France, forming the Quadruple Alliance. 1161:

and, recrossing the Lower Rhine to outflank the IJssel Line, occupied

760:

blocked his requests for territorial compensation, Louis launched the

3478:

The Northern Wars; State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558–1721

3438:

Engels Nederlandse Oorlogen: Door een zee van bloed in de Gouden Eeuw

2989: 1580: 1498: 1169:

on 25 June. Now in danger of being cut off from the core province of

1162: 1154: 3312:

Bruce, R. Stuart (1914). Johnston, Alfred W.; Johnston, Amy (eds.).

3288: 1838:

The Dutch suffered a number of losses in this action, including the

4105: 3544: 456: 3181: 3179: 1692: 1659: 1637: 1560: 1503: 1466: 1391: 1362: 1339: 1330: 1283: 1238: 1202: 1135: 1131: 1123: 1103: 973: 886: 864: 833: 634: 116: 4092:

Rowen, Herbert H (1954). "John De Witt and the Triple Alliance".

1772:

After a short exchange of proposals by means of trumpeters, the

1654:

in shipbuilding materials. In addition, the Dutch re-capture of

1421:

dispatched an expeditionary force to the English-held island of

549:, it is considered a related conflict of the wider 1672 to 1678 3974:

The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815

3590:

A comparative study of naval architecture between 1672 and 1755

3321:

Old-Lore Miscellany of Orkney Shetland Caithness and Sutherland

867:, whose possession would give him control of Dutch sea routes. 460: 351: 2685: 2683: 3835:

The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714 (Modern Wars in Perspective)

27:

Part of the Anglo-Dutch Wars and Franco-Dutch War (1672–1674)

1400:

on 30 December 1672 was a significant boost to Dutch morale.

3314:"Part III – Replies – Naval Engagement, Rønis Vo, Shetland" 1744:

developed the legal concepts that appeared in his work the

91:(1 year, 10 months, 3 weeks and 2 days) 3917:

Rampjaar 1672: Hoe de Republiek aan de ondergang ontsnapte

3041: 3039: 922:. This offset an agreement of 6 May between the Dutch and 3908:

De Ware Vrijheid: De levens van Johan en Cornelis de Witt

3130: 3128: 3126: 1004:

an attack on a Dutch Levant Company convoy in the Channel

915:

not to use the Spanish Netherlands as an invasion route.

79:

27 March 1672 – 19 February 1674

3197: 2964: 2940: 2923: 2911: 2899: 2875: 2859: 2857: 2848: 2821: 2773: 2443: 2407: 2205: 2181: 2169: 2670: 2668: 2355: 2353: 1595:, Prince Rupert was forced to return home for repairs. 1220:, to resupply, on 7 June De Ruyter surprised it at the 4216:

The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588–1688

4197:

William III the Stadholder-king: A Political Biography

4131:

Raid on America: The Dutch Naval Campaign of 1672–1674

3347:

Childs, John (1984). "The British Brigade in France".

2304: 2302: 2300: 1650:

coast, English merchants were excluded from the vital

982:, whose training compensated for numerical inferiority 4178:

Stadhouder-koning Willem III: Een politieke biografie

3009:. (Lincoln, Nebraska: Writers Club Press, 2001), 248. 1795:, so the English king actually received very little. 4075:

John de Witt, Grand Pensionary of Holland, 1625–1672

4056:

John de Witt, Grand Pensionary of Holland, 1625–1672

1783:—would henceforth be an English possession and that 1126:

and besieged the Dutch-held Rhine fortress towns of

987:

forces. The British brigade was largely composed of

1791:these indemnities against the debts he owed to the 3763: 4036:"Mercantilism as the Economic Side of Absolutism" 3632:Charles II: King of England, Scotland and Ireland 1607:On 24 August 1673, the Dutch recaptured the city 708:threatened Dutch commercial interests. The 1648 696:Despite their long-standing support in the Dutch 4129:Shomette, Donald G.; Haslach, Robert D. (2002). 2996:. (New York: Charles Scribner & Sons, 1906). 1365:, releasing their garrisons for the field army. 792:, seeing it as a way to put pressure on France. 3745:The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century 3209: 3185: 3170: 3018: 2587: 2145: 1212:When the Allied fleet withdrew to Solebay near 1209:to ensure these instructions were carried out. 34: 1869:, they were sold back to the Dutch in 1616 by 1861:control of Brill and Flushing (Vlissingen) to 4077:(2015 ed.). Princeton University Press. 4058:(2016 ed.). Princeton University Press. 3497:The Netherlands in the 17th Century 1609–1648 3362:General Percy Kirke and the later Stuart Army 3030: 2887: 2809: 2419: 1844:, whose wreck was finally identified in 2023 1779:The treaty stipulated that New York—formerly 764:in May 1667 and rapidly occupied much of the 472: 363: 8: 4180:(in Dutch). Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren. 3400:Pepys s Navy: Ships, Men and Warfare 1649–89 3342:– via Viking Society Web Publications. 2689: 2659: 2395: 2371: 2344: 2133: 1075:stood between them and the core province of 716:estuary, benefiting De Witt's power base of 2503: 1348:, appointed Grand Pensionary in August 1672 1173:, William and his troops retreated through 1006:, which was beaten off by its escort under 907:, allowing his army to advance through the 2241: 1611:(renamed "New York" by the English) under 479: 465: 457: 370: 356: 348: 31: 4008: 3787:Prince Rupert: Admiral and General-at-Sea 3707:Devil Land; England under Siege 1588–1688 3257: 3081: 3069: 3045: 2785: 2647: 2611: 2479: 2193: 2157: 1189:, Prince-Bishop of Münster, who occupied 650:was the result of commercial rivalry and 3568:Hainsworth, D. R.; Churches, C. (1998). 1243:Solebay, 7 June; the destruction of the 728:allowed a hostile power to blockade the 3688:Dutch Primacy in World Trade, 1585–1740 3221: 3158: 2863: 2635: 2563: 2455: 2431: 1885: 1816: 4133:. University of South Carolina Press. 3245: 3233: 3146: 3134: 3117: 3105: 3093: 3057: 2976: 2952: 2833: 2797: 2761: 2749: 2737: 2623: 2599: 2551: 2539: 2527: 2515: 2383: 2359: 2291: 2229: 2217: 2121: 2097: 2085: 2049: 2037: 2013: 1977: 1953: 1929: 1658:and attacks on English possessions in 3953:Prud'homme van Reine, Ronald (2015). 3613:Marlborough: England's Fragile Genius 3570:The Anglo-Dutch Naval Wars, 1652–1674 2725: 2713: 2701: 2674: 2575: 2491: 2467: 2332: 2320: 2308: 2279: 2109: 2073: 2061: 1989: 1965: 850:for his nephew William and a British 7: 3603:from the original on 9 October 2022. 3471:from the original on 9 October 2022. 3436:Doedens, Anne; Mulder, Liek (2016). 2254:Davies, Caroline (27 January 2023). 2025: 2001: 1941: 1666:fronts. In July 1673, French troops 785:quickly negotiated an end to the war 720:by eliminating their closest rival, 3334:from the original on 9 October 2022 1892: 1149:On 12 June, the French crossed the 1029:rather than his Protestant cousin, 3891:England in the Reign of Charles II 1906:"The first stadtholderless period" 996:suspended repayment of Crown debts 842:severely damaged Charles' prestige 682:in 1660, his Orangist links meant 25: 4307:Wars involving the Dutch Republic 4150:History of South Africa 1486–1691 3464:. University College London PHD. 3455:Edwards, Elizabeth Clare (1998). 951:was damaged by mutual suspicion. 926:, whose territories included the 4302:Dutch Republic–England relations 4010:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2009.00491.x 1577:Second Battle of the Schooneveld 1388:Dutch recovery: July to December 1051:in August 1671. The royal yacht 334: 315: 304: 293: 280: 268: 249: 238: 227: 214: 195: 174: 160: 145: 52: 3587:Hemingway, James Peter (2002). 1828:Derde Engels-Nederlandse Oorlog 1736:began to consider removing the 1704:increased opposition to the war 1645:, who led opposition to the war 1570:Willem van de Velde the Younger 1548:First Battle of the Schooneveld 1313:, already besieged by Münster. 1019:Royal Declaration of Indulgence 564:agreed to support an attack by 3596:(PhD). University of Bristol. 3421:. Cambridge University Press. 1622:. Evertsen renamed the city " 1616:Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest 1008:Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest 1: 4094:The Journal of Modern History 4073:Rowen, Henry Herbert (1978). 3910:(in Dutch). Uitgeverij Atlas. 3808:. Cambridge University Press. 3533:The Journal of Modern History 1634:Anti-war sentiment in England 1523:; in reality, it remained in 1501:protecting their approaches. 3726:A History of the French Navy 3499:(1989 ed.). Routledge. 3379:Clodfelter, Micheal (1992). 1748:, a general denunciation of 1740:entirely. With his backing, 1672:Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine 4214:Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2010). 4157:'t Hart, Marjolein (2014). 3997:The Economic History Review 3957:(in Dutch). Atlas Contact. 3893:. Oxford University Press. 3770:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 3690:. Oxford University Press. 3210:Shomette & Haslach 2002 3186:Shomette & Haslach 2002 3171:Shomette & Haslach 2002 3019:Shomette & Haslach 2002 2588:Goldie & Levillain 2018 2146:Shomette & Haslach 2002 1756:Second Peace of Westminster 1746:Two Treatises of Government 1457:Second Peace of Westminster 1100:French success: May to June 704:, French objectives in the 680:regained the English throne 625:Second Peace of Westminster 4323: 3866:10.1177/096834459700400201 3440:(in Dutch). Walburg Pers. 4054:Rowen, Herbert H (1980). 4034:Rothbard, Murray (2010). 3972:Rodger, N. A. M. (2004). 3686:Israel, Jonathan (1990). 3663:10.1017/S0018246X00018756 3417:Degroot, Dagomar (2018). 3198:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 3031:Doedens & Mulder 2016 2965:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 2941:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 2924:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 2912:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 2900:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 2888:Doedens & Mulder 2016 2876:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 2849:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 2822:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 2810:Doedens & Mulder 2016 2774:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 2444:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 2420:Doedens & Mulder 2016 2408:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 2206:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 2182:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 2170:Prud'homme van Reine 2015 809:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 498: 389: 188: 137: 71: 51: 39: 3728:. MacDonald and Jane's. 1589:Dutch East India Company 1431:Dutch East India Company 1270:Dutch East India Company 1047:, which took place near 874:for the spice island of 666:agreed in 1654 with the 66:Van de Velde the Younger 4233:Young, William (2004). 4195:Troost, Wouter (2005). 3934:Panhuysen, Luc (2016). 3915:Panhuysen, Luc (2009). 3906:Panhuysen, Luc (2005). 3804:Laslett, Peter (1960). 3724:Jenkins, E. H. (1973). 3705:Jackson, Clare (2021). 3630:Hutton, Ronald (1989). 3364:. Bloomsbury Academic. 1412:William led attacks on 811:, although he retained 741:West-Indische Compagnie 712:permanently closed the 670:included the permanent 654:support for the exiled 3991:Romelse, Gijs (2010). 3785:Kitson, Frank (1999). 3651:The Historical Journal 3476:Frost, Robert (2000). 3398:Davies, J. D. (2008). 3383:. McFarland & Co. 2988:Roosevelt, Theodore. " 1827: 1710:brother and heir James 1705: 1646: 1572: 1516: 1478: 1476:Van de Velde the Elder 1401: 1380:on 20th. The Orangist 1349: 1289: 1250: 1249:, the English flagship 1109: 983: 892: 843: 825:Secret Treaty of Dover 775:His refusal to recall 745:Second Anglo-Dutch War 735:In 1665, an attack by 676:House of Orange-Nassau 643: 603:, and Charles' nephew 595:. Shortly thereafter, 558:Secret Treaty of Dover 189:Commanders and leaders 3495:Geyl, Pieter (1936). 3419:The Frigid Golden Age 3360:Childs, John (2014). 1774:Treaty of Westminster 1696: 1643:Anthony Ashley Cooper 1641: 1628:Treaty of Westminster 1564: 1507: 1472:Battle of Schooneveld 1470: 1395: 1343: 1287: 1242: 1107: 977: 909:Principality of Liège 890: 837: 648:First Anglo-Dutch War 640:Charles II of England 638: 605:William III of Orange 562:Charles II of England 535:Third Anglo-Dutch War 381:Third Anglo-Dutch War 222:William III of Orange 128:Treaty of Westminster 35:Third Anglo-Dutch War 18:Third Anglo-Dutch war 3938:. De Arbeiderspers. 3919:. Uitgeverij Atlas. 3277:Trans. R. Hist. Soc. 2740:, pp. 130, 138. 1257:was killed when the 1230:Admiralty of Zeeland 1073:the Dutch Water Line 1036:His chief minister, 829:Henrietta of England 668:English Protectorate 4176:Troost, W. (2001). 3833:Lynn, John (1996). 3813:Lesaffer, Randall. 3762:Kenyon, JP (1993). 3743:Jones, J.R (2013). 3634:. Clarendon Press. 3260:, pp. 114–116. 3120:, pp. 345–346. 3108:, pp. 126–127. 3005:Barrevald, Dirk J. 2926:, pp. 268–269. 2914:, pp. 264–265. 2902:, pp. 262–263. 2788:, pp. 337–343. 2662:, pp. 442–444. 2578:, pp. 181–182. 2398:, pp. 441–442. 2347:, pp. 442–443. 2323:, pp. 755–756. 2184:, pp. 278–279. 2136:, pp. 440–441. 2028:, pp. 109–110. 1932:, pp. 197–199. 1895:, pp. 357–388. 1857:in 1585, the Dutch 1798:Despite the peace, 1668:captured Maastricht 1566:The Battle of Texel 1357:fortress cities of 978:Lieutenant-Admiral 920:Brandenburg-Prussia 766:Spanish Netherlands 726:North Flemish coast 570:Spanish Netherlands 566:Louis XIV of France 545:, in alliance with 275:Rijckloff van Goens 4148:Theal, GM (1888). 3524:10.17863/CAM.35128 3516:Historical Journal 1762:Colbert de Croissy 1706: 1700:; her marriage to 1647: 1573: 1517: 1479: 1402: 1350: 1290: 1251: 1187:Bernhard von Galen 1179:Holland Water Line 1110: 984: 901:Sir William Temple 893: 844: 840:Raid on the Medway 781:Raid on the Medway 644: 627:in February 1674. 574:Raid on the Medway 4297:Conflicts in 1674 4292:Conflicts in 1673 4287:Conflicts in 1672 4254:Navies and Armies 4218:. Boydell Press. 3402:. Pen and Sword. 2690:Van Nimwegen 2010 2660:Van Nimwegen 2010 2626:, pp. 94–95. 2590:, pp. 57–58. 2506:, pp. 30–33. 2458:, pp. 50–51. 2396:Van Nimwegen 2010 2372:Van Nimwegen 2010 2345:Van Nimwegen 2010 2335:, pp. 74–75. 2196:, pp. 40–41. 2160:, pp. 38–39. 2134:Van Nimwegen 2010 2040:, pp. 67–68. 1750:absolute monarchy 1722:Lord High Admiral 1429:on behalf of the 1419:Dutch Cape Colony 1396:The recapture of 1222:Battle of Solebay 1081:Battle of Solebay 1027:Lord High Admiral 980:Michiel de Ruyter 956:Michiel de Ruyter 924:Frederick William 913:Emperor Leopold I 905:Electoral Cologne 895:Louis instructed 762:War of Devolution 758:States of Holland 751:, an invasion by 698:Eighty Years' War 660:William of Orange 593:Battle of Solebay 589:Michiel de Ruyter 530: 529: 523: (1780–1784) 517: (1672–1674) 511: (1665–1667) 505: (1652–1654) 454: 453: 346: 345: 341:Jean II d'Estrées 234:Michiel de Ruyter 133: 132: 16:(Redirected from 4314: 4282:Anglo-Dutch Wars 4267: 4248: 4229: 4210: 4191: 4172: 4153: 4144: 4125: 4088: 4069: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4030: 4012: 3987: 3968: 3949: 3930: 3911: 3902: 3889:Ogg, D. (1934). 3885: 3848: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3809: 3800: 3781: 3769: 3758: 3739: 3720: 3701: 3682: 3645: 3626: 3615:. Harper Press. 3604: 3602: 3595: 3583: 3564: 3527: 3510: 3491: 3472: 3470: 3463: 3451: 3432: 3413: 3394: 3375: 3356: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3333: 3318: 3308: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3003: 2997: 2986: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2927: 2921: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2885: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2852: 2846: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2729: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2678: 2672: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2399: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2348: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2251: 2245: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2221: 2215: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2173: 2167: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1993: 1992:, pp. 8–10. 1987: 1981: 1975: 1969: 1963: 1957: 1951: 1945: 1939: 1933: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1874: 1867:Cautionary Towns 1855:Eighty Years War 1851: 1845: 1836: 1830: 1821: 1734:Lord Shaftesbury 1601:the Duke of York 1512:, killed at the 1359:'s-Hertogenbosch 1255:Earl of Sandwich 1234:Adriaen Banckert 1207:Cornelis de Witt 737:the Duke of York 710:Peace of Münster 684:Grand Pensionary 601:Grand Pensionary 551:Franco-Dutch War 493: 491: 490:Anglo-Dutch Wars 481: 474: 467: 458: 426:2nd Saint Helena 404:1st Saint Helena 384: 382: 372: 365: 358: 349: 339: 338: 330: 322:Earl of Sandwich 320: 319: 309: 308: 298: 297: 285: 284: 273: 272: 264: 256:Willem van Ghent 254: 253: 245:Adriaen Banckert 243: 242: 232: 231: 219: 218: 200: 199: 184: 180: 178: 177: 170: 166: 164: 163: 155: 151: 149: 148: 90: 88: 84: 73: 72: 56: 46:Franco-Dutch War 42:Anglo-Dutch Wars 32: 21: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4312: 4311: 4272: 4271: 4270: 4264: 4251: 4245: 4232: 4226: 4213: 4207: 4194: 4188: 4175: 4169: 4156: 4147: 4141: 4128: 4091: 4085: 4072: 4066: 4053: 4044: 4042: 4033: 3990: 3984: 3971: 3965: 3952: 3946: 3933: 3927: 3914: 3905: 3888: 3851: 3845: 3832: 3823: 3821: 3812: 3803: 3797: 3784: 3778: 3761: 3755: 3742: 3736: 3723: 3717: 3704: 3698: 3685: 3648: 3642: 3629: 3623: 3609:Holmes, Richard 3607: 3600: 3593: 3586: 3580: 3567: 3530: 3513: 3507: 3494: 3488: 3475: 3468: 3461: 3454: 3448: 3435: 3429: 3416: 3410: 3397: 3391: 3378: 3372: 3359: 3346: 3337: 3335: 3331: 3316: 3311: 3289:10.2307/3678740 3273: 3269: 3264: 3256: 3252: 3244: 3240: 3232: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3208: 3204: 3196: 3192: 3184: 3177: 3169: 3165: 3157: 3153: 3145: 3141: 3133: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3092: 3088: 3080: 3076: 3068: 3064: 3056: 3052: 3044: 3037: 3029: 3025: 3017: 3013: 3004: 3000: 2987: 2983: 2975: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2951: 2947: 2939: 2930: 2922: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2886: 2882: 2874: 2870: 2862: 2855: 2847: 2840: 2832: 2828: 2820: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2796: 2792: 2784: 2780: 2772: 2768: 2760: 2756: 2748: 2744: 2736: 2732: 2724: 2720: 2712: 2708: 2700: 2696: 2688: 2681: 2673: 2666: 2658: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2634: 2630: 2622: 2618: 2610: 2606: 2598: 2594: 2586: 2582: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2558: 2550: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2526: 2522: 2514: 2510: 2502: 2498: 2490: 2486: 2478: 2474: 2466: 2462: 2454: 2450: 2442: 2438: 2430: 2426: 2418: 2414: 2406: 2402: 2394: 2390: 2382: 2378: 2370: 2366: 2358: 2351: 2343: 2339: 2331: 2327: 2319: 2315: 2307: 2298: 2290: 2286: 2278: 2274: 2264: 2262: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2242:Clodfelter 1992 2240: 2236: 2228: 2224: 2216: 2212: 2204: 2200: 2192: 2188: 2180: 2176: 2168: 2164: 2156: 2152: 2144: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2120: 2116: 2108: 2104: 2096: 2092: 2084: 2080: 2072: 2068: 2060: 2056: 2048: 2044: 2036: 2032: 2024: 2020: 2012: 2008: 2000: 1996: 1988: 1984: 1976: 1972: 1968:, pp. 5–6. 1964: 1960: 1952: 1948: 1940: 1936: 1928: 1924: 1914: 1912: 1904: 1903: 1899: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1877: 1865:; known as the 1852: 1848: 1841:Klein Hollandia 1837: 1833: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1793:House of Orange 1758: 1738:House of Stuart 1688:Peter du Moulin 1636: 1593:Battle of Texel 1514:Battle of Texel 1495:Johan de Liefde 1465: 1449:Battle of Texel 1444: 1439: 1427:took possession 1390: 1354:Heeswijk Accord 1282: 1185:surrendered to 1165:on 16 June and 1134:, Buderich and 1102: 1089:Emperor Leopold 1069: 1064: 1062:The war in 1672 932:captain-general 928:Duchy of Cleves 885: 805:Triple Alliance 633: 613:Emperor Leopold 531: 526: 494: 489: 487: 485: 455: 450: 385: 380: 378: 376: 333: 332: 326: 314: 313: 303: 302: 292: 291: 279: 267: 266: 260: 248: 247: 237: 236: 226: 225: 213: 212: 194: 175: 173: 172: 171: 161: 159: 158: 146: 144: 143: 119: 86: 82: 80: 61:Battle of Texel 57: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4320: 4318: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4268: 4263:978-0859762922 4262: 4249: 4244:978-0595813988 4243: 4230: 4225:978-1843835752 4224: 4211: 4206:978-0754650713 4205: 4192: 4186: 4173: 4168:978-0415734226 4167: 4154: 4145: 4139: 4126: 4106:10.1086/237659 4089: 4084:978-0691600437 4083: 4070: 4065:978-0691630366 4064: 4051: 4031: 4003:(3): 591–611. 3988: 3982: 3969: 3964:978-9045023298 3963: 3950: 3945:978-9029538718 3944: 3931: 3926:978-9045013282 3925: 3912: 3903: 3886: 3860:(2): 123–149. 3854:War in History 3849: 3844:978-0582056299 3843: 3830: 3810: 3801: 3796:978-0094798502 3795: 3782: 3777:978-0582056299 3776: 3759: 3754:978-1315845975 3753: 3740: 3735:978-0786457847 3734: 3721: 3716:978-0241285817 3715: 3709:. Allen Lane. 3702: 3697:978-0198211396 3696: 3683: 3657:(2): 297–318. 3646: 3641:978-0198229117 3640: 3627: 3622:978-0007225712 3621: 3605: 3584: 3579:978-0750917872 3578: 3565: 3545:10.1086/235450 3539:(2): 177–204. 3528: 3511: 3506:978-0304317813 3505: 3492: 3487:978-0582064294 3486: 3473: 3452: 3447:978-9462491052 3446: 3433: 3428:978-1108419314 3427: 3414: 3409:978-1783830220 3408: 3395: 3390:978-0786474707 3389: 3376: 3371:978-1441158826 3370: 3357: 3344: 3309: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3262: 3258:Panhuysen 2016 3250: 3248:, p. 142. 3238: 3236:, p. 132. 3226: 3214: 3212:, p. 292. 3202: 3200:, p. 275. 3190: 3188:, p. 294. 3175: 3173:, p. 291. 3163: 3151: 3149:, p. 131. 3139: 3137:, p. 126. 3122: 3110: 3098: 3096:, p. 123. 3086: 3084:, p. 383. 3082:Panhuysen 2009 3074: 3072:, p. 372. 3070:Panhuysen 2009 3062: 3050: 3046:Panhuysen 2016 3035: 3033:, p. 167. 3023: 3021:, p. 282. 3011: 2998: 2981: 2969: 2967:, p. 274. 2957: 2955:, p. 268. 2945: 2943:, p. 272. 2928: 2916: 2904: 2892: 2890:, p. 172. 2880: 2878:, p. 262. 2868: 2853: 2851:, p. 261. 2838: 2826: 2824:, p. 260. 2814: 2812:, p. 169. 2802: 2790: 2786:Panhuysen 2009 2778: 2776:, p. 255. 2766: 2764:, p. 100. 2754: 2752:, p. 148. 2742: 2730: 2718: 2706: 2704:, p. 226. 2694: 2692:, p. 446. 2679: 2677:, p. 132. 2664: 2652: 2650:, p. 196. 2648:Panhuysen 2009 2640: 2628: 2616: 2614:, p. 435. 2612:Panhuysen 2005 2604: 2592: 2580: 2568: 2566:, p. 153. 2556: 2544: 2532: 2520: 2508: 2496: 2484: 2482:, p. 163. 2480:Panhuysen 2009 2472: 2460: 2448: 2446:, p. 236. 2436: 2424: 2422:, p. 157. 2412: 2410:, p. 245. 2400: 2388: 2376: 2374:, p. 439. 2364: 2349: 2337: 2325: 2313: 2296: 2294:, p. 248. 2284: 2272: 2246: 2234: 2222: 2210: 2208:, p. 231. 2198: 2194:Hemingway 2002 2186: 2174: 2172:, p. 181. 2162: 2158:Hemingway 2002 2150: 2138: 2126: 2114: 2112:, p. 209. 2102: 2100:, p. 309. 2090: 2078: 2066: 2054: 2052:, p. 302. 2042: 2030: 2018: 2016:, p. 301. 2006: 1994: 1982: 1970: 1958: 1946: 1944:, p. 311. 1934: 1922: 1910:Britannica.com 1897: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1846: 1831: 1815: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1781:New Netherland 1757: 1754: 1730:Cabal Ministry 1714:Mary of Modena 1698:Mary of Modena 1635: 1632: 1556:Edward Spragge 1533:Hellevoetsluis 1525:Great Yarmouth 1521:invasion force 1510:Edward Spragge 1464: 1461: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1389: 1386: 1374:Hellevoetsluis 1281: 1278: 1272:Return Fleet. 1159:Schenkenschans 1122:, crossed the 1101: 1098: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1038:Lord Arlington 1017:, he issued a 1015:Nonconformists 1000:City of London 964:line-of-battle 960:Cornelis Tromp 884: 881: 797:States General 646:The 1652–1654 632: 629: 607:was appointed 539:Dutch Republic 528: 527: 525: 524: 518: 512: 506: 499: 496: 495: 486: 484: 483: 476: 469: 461: 452: 451: 449: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 422: 421: 416: 414:New Netherland 406: 401: 396: 390: 387: 386: 377: 375: 374: 367: 360: 352: 344: 343: 277: 191: 190: 186: 185: 156: 153:Dutch Republic 140: 139: 135: 134: 131: 130: 125: 121: 120: 99: 97: 93: 92: 77: 69: 68: 49: 48: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4319: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4265: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4237:. iUniverse. 4236: 4231: 4227: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4199:. Routledge. 4198: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4170: 4164: 4161:. Routledge. 4160: 4155: 4151: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4080: 4076: 4071: 4067: 4061: 4057: 4052: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3983:9780713994117 3979: 3975: 3970: 3966: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3947: 3941: 3937: 3932: 3928: 3922: 3918: 3913: 3909: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3792: 3789:. Constable. 3788: 3783: 3779: 3773: 3768: 3767: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3747:. Routledge. 3746: 3741: 3737: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3718: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3689: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3633: 3628: 3624: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3592: 3591: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3502: 3498: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3480:. Routledge. 3479: 3474: 3467: 3460: 3459: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3430: 3424: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3405: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3382: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3345: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3315: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3266: 3259: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3227: 3224:, p. 33. 3223: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3063: 3060:, p. 86. 3059: 3054: 3051: 3048:, p. 83. 3047: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3024: 3020: 3015: 3012: 3008: 3002: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2982: 2979:, p. 85. 2978: 2973: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2869: 2866:, p. 52. 2865: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2843: 2839: 2836:, p. 83. 2835: 2830: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2803: 2800:, p. 81. 2799: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2731: 2728:, p. 91. 2727: 2722: 2719: 2716:, p. 89. 2715: 2710: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2641: 2638:, p. 59. 2637: 2632: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2605: 2602:, p. 91. 2601: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2557: 2554:, p. 81. 2553: 2548: 2545: 2542:, p. 89. 2541: 2536: 2533: 2530:, p. 80. 2529: 2524: 2521: 2518:, p. 86. 2517: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2497: 2494:, p. 82. 2493: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2476: 2473: 2470:, p. 81. 2469: 2464: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2437: 2434:, p. 50. 2433: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2389: 2386:, p. 83. 2385: 2380: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2365: 2362:, p. 82. 2361: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2314: 2311:, p. 72. 2310: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2285: 2282:, p. 74. 2281: 2276: 2273: 2261: 2257: 2250: 2247: 2244:, p. 46. 2243: 2238: 2235: 2232:, p. 80. 2231: 2226: 2223: 2220:, p. 16. 2219: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2151: 2148:, p. 26. 2147: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2127: 2124:, p. 75. 2123: 2118: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2091: 2088:, p. 73. 2087: 2082: 2079: 2076:, p. 71. 2075: 2070: 2067: 2064:, p. 70. 2063: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2010: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1983: 1980:, p. 70. 1979: 1974: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1959: 1956:, p. 70. 1955: 1950: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1923: 1911: 1907: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1886: 1880: 1873:for £213,000 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1817: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1775: 1770: 1768: 1763: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1725: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1656:New Amsterdam 1653: 1644: 1640: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1620:Anthony Colve 1617: 1614: 1610: 1609:New Amsterdam 1605: 1602: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1557: 1551: 1549: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1463:Naval battles 1462: 1460: 1458: 1452: 1450: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1399: 1394: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1355: 1347: 1342: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1294: 1286: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1261: 1256: 1248: 1247: 1241: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1198: 1196: 1193:; he reached 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1106: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1090: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1066: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1031:Prince Rupert 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 981: 976: 972: 970: 965: 961: 957: 952: 950: 945: 939: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 889: 882: 880: 877: 873: 872:New Amsterdam 868: 866: 862: 858: 853: 849: 841: 836: 832: 830: 826: 820: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 793: 791: 786: 782: 778: 773: 771: 770:Franche-Comté 767: 763: 759: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 733: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 706:Low Countries 703: 699: 694: 692: 688: 687:Johan de Witt 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 641: 637: 630: 628: 626: 620: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 597:Johan de Witt 594: 590: 586: 581: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 554: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 522: 519: 516: 513: 510: 507: 504: 501: 500: 497: 492: 482: 477: 475: 470: 468: 463: 462: 459: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 420: 417: 415: 412: 411: 410: 409:North America 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 394:12 March 1672 392: 391: 388: 383: 373: 368: 366: 361: 359: 354: 353: 350: 342: 337: 331: 329: 323: 318: 312: 311:Prince Rupert 307: 301: 296: 290: 289: 283: 278: 276: 271: 265: 263: 257: 252: 246: 241: 235: 230: 224: 223: 217: 211: 210: 205: 204: 203:Johan de Witt 198: 193: 192: 187: 183: 169: 157: 154: 142: 141: 136: 129: 126: 123: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 95: 94: 78: 75: 74: 70: 67: 63: 62: 55: 50: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 4253: 4234: 4215: 4196: 4177: 4158: 4149: 4130: 4097: 4093: 4074: 4055: 4043:. Retrieved 4039: 4000: 3996: 3973: 3954: 3935: 3916: 3907: 3890: 3857: 3853: 3834: 3824:30 September 3822:. Retrieved 3818: 3805: 3786: 3765: 3744: 3725: 3706: 3687: 3654: 3650: 3631: 3612: 3589: 3569: 3536: 3532: 3515: 3496: 3477: 3457: 3437: 3418: 3399: 3380: 3361: 3352: 3348: 3336:. Retrieved 3324: 3320: 3280: 3275: 3253: 3241: 3229: 3222:Zwitzer 1990 3217: 3205: 3193: 3166: 3161:, p. 7. 3159:Laslett 1960 3154: 3142: 3113: 3101: 3089: 3077: 3065: 3053: 3026: 3014: 3006: 3001: 2993: 2984: 2972: 2960: 2948: 2919: 2907: 2895: 2883: 2871: 2864:Jenkins 1973 2829: 2817: 2805: 2793: 2781: 2769: 2757: 2745: 2733: 2721: 2709: 2697: 2655: 2643: 2636:Edwards 1998 2631: 2619: 2607: 2595: 2583: 2571: 2564:Jackson 2021 2559: 2547: 2535: 2523: 2511: 2504:'t Hart 2014 2499: 2487: 2475: 2463: 2456:Jenkins 1973 2451: 2439: 2432:Jenkins 1973 2427: 2415: 2403: 2391: 2379: 2367: 2340: 2328: 2316: 2287: 2275: 2265:19 September 2263:. Retrieved 2260:The Guardian 2259: 2249: 2237: 2225: 2213: 2201: 2189: 2177: 2165: 2153: 2141: 2129: 2117: 2105: 2093: 2081: 2069: 2057: 2045: 2033: 2021: 2009: 1997: 1985: 1973: 1961: 1949: 1937: 1925: 1915:29 September 1913:. Retrieved 1909: 1900: 1888: 1849: 1839: 1834: 1819: 1797: 1778: 1771: 1766: 1759: 1726: 1707: 1676: 1664: 1652:Baltic trade 1648: 1618:and Captain 1606: 1597: 1574: 1565: 1552: 1545: 1518: 1488: 1480: 1471: 1453: 1445: 1423:Saint Helena 1411: 1407: 1403: 1382:Gaspar Fagel 1378: 1367: 1351: 1346:Gaspar Fagel 1315: 1295: 1291: 1280:Negotiations 1274: 1258: 1252: 1244: 1211: 1199: 1148: 1113: 1111: 1085: 1070: 1053: 1042: 1035: 1012: 993: 985: 953: 940: 936:federal army 917: 894: 883:Preparations 869: 845: 821: 794: 774: 734: 695: 645: 621: 599:resigned as 582: 556:In the 1670 555: 534: 532: 514: 441:Masulipatnam 379: 327: 300:Duke of York 286: 261: 220: 208: 201: 138:Belligerents 109:Saint Helena 58: 40:Part of the 29: 4100:(1): 1–14. 3976:. Penguin. 3837:. Longman. 3246:Troost 2005 3234:Troost 2001 3147:Troost 2001 3135:Troost 2005 3118:Hutton 1989 3106:Troost 2001 3094:Troost 2001 3058:Rodger 2004 2977:Rodger 2004 2953:Davies 2008 2834:Rodger 2004 2798:Rodger 2004 2762:Troost 2001 2750:Palmer 1997 2738:Palmer 1997 2624:Troost 2001 2600:Troost 2005 2552:Troost 2005 2540:Troost 2005 2528:Troost 2005 2516:Troost 2001 2384:Troost 2001 2360:Rodger 2004 2292:Kitson 1999 2230:Rodger 2004 2218:Childs 2014 2122:Troost 2005 2098:Hutton 1986 2086:Troost 2001 2050:Hutton 1986 2038:Kenyon 1993 2014:Hutton 1986 1978:Troost 2001 1954:Troost 2005 1930:Israel 1990 1863:Elizabeth I 1853:During the 1529:Schooneveld 1326:Nieuwerbrug 1318:stadtholder 1260:Royal James 1246:Royal James 1177:behind the 1151:Lower Rhine 989:Dumbarton's 897:de Pomponne 803:signed the 743:led to the 664:Peace terms 658:, uncle of 609:Stadtholder 431:Schooneveld 419:James River 113:East Indies 4276:Categories 4256:. Donald. 4187:906550639X 4140:0788422456 3572:. Sutton. 2726:Boxer 1969 2714:Boxer 1969 2702:Theal 1888 2675:Young 2004 2576:Grose 1929 2492:Boxer 1969 2468:Boxer 1969 2333:Boxer 1969 2321:Rowen 1978 2309:Boxer 1969 2280:Boxer 1969 2110:Frost 2000 2074:Boxer 1969 2062:Boxer 1969 1990:Rowen 1954 1966:Rowen 1954 1881:References 1800:Monmouth's 1742:John Locke 1624:New Orange 1585:Den Helder 1568:(1707) by 1554:under Sir 1541:Vlissingen 1491:ice skates 1484:line-ahead 1335:Vlissingen 1322:Buckingham 1183:Overijssel 1144:Gelderland 1140:Overijssel 1120:Maastricht 949:Royal Navy 944:Dutch Navy 848:rump state 777:Parliament 656:Charles II 631:Background 578:Parliament 288:Charles II 87:1674-02-19 83:1672-03-27 4152:. London. 4122:145695238 4045:2 October 4040:Mises.org 4027:145077506 3899:490944369 3882:159657621 3679:159787254 3561:144216886 3305:159934682 3283:: 67–94. 2026:Lynn 1996 1942:Geyl 1936 1712:to marry 1537:Den Briel 1398:Coevorden 1344:Orangist 1311:Groningen 1226:d'Estrées 1214:Southwold 1195:Groningen 1153:into the 1128:Rheinberg 969:Friesland 857:Walcheren 838:The 1667 813:Charleroi 790:The Hague 749:Lowestoft 718:Amsterdam 693:in 1662. 691:Louis XIV 672:exclusion 446:Ronas Voe 101:North Sea 4019:40929818 3874:26004420 3611:(2008). 3598:Archived 3466:Archived 3329:Archived 2002:Lesaffer 1893:Ogg 1934 1785:Suriname 1718:Test Act 1493:, under 1442:Overview 1307:Delfzijl 1303:Guelders 1232:, under 1115:Rampjaar 1067:Overview 827:, using 700:against 652:Orangist 105:New York 96:Location 85: – 4114:1874869 3671:2639064 3553:1872003 3349:History 3338:2 April 3297:3678740 3267:Sources 1871:James I 1789:set off 1767:against 1679:Naarden 1613:Admiral 1414:Woerden 1370:Surinam 1299:Utrecht 1266:Zeeland 1218:Suffolk 1191:Drenthe 1175:Utrecht 1171:Holland 1167:Zutphen 1077:Holland 934:of the 861:Cadzand 852:brigade 817:Tournai 753:Münster 739:on the 730:Channel 722:Antwerp 714:Scheldt 674:of the 591:at the 585:Holland 543:England 399:Solebay 328:† 262:† 168:England 81: ( 4260: 4241: 4222: 4203: 4184: 4165: 4137: 4120: 4112: 4081: 4062: 4025: 4017: 3980: 3961: 3942: 3923: 3897: 3880: 3872: 3841: 3793: 3774: 3751: 3732: 3713: 3694: 3677: 3669: 3638: 3619: 3576: 3559: 3551: 3503: 3484: 3444: 3425: 3406: 3387: 3368: 3355:(227). 3303: 3295: 2992:," in 1581:Thames 1499:shoals 1425:, and 1163:Arnhem 1155:Betuwe 1054:Merlin 1045:affair 1043:Merlin 801:Sweden 547:France 521:Fourth 509:Second 324: 258: 206: 182:France 179: 165: 150: 124:Result 4118:S2CID 4110:JSTOR 4023:S2CID 4015:JSTOR 3878:S2CID 3870:JSTOR 3675:S2CID 3667:JSTOR 3601:(PDF) 3594:(PDF) 3557:S2CID 3549:JSTOR 3469:(PDF) 3462:(PDF) 3332:(PDF) 3317:(PDF) 3301:S2CID 3293:JSTOR 1859:ceded 1824:Dutch 1811:Notes 1702:James 1683:Grave 1660:India 1363:Breda 1331:Sluys 1309:, in 1203:shoal 1157:near 1136:Wesel 1132:Orsoy 1124:Meuse 1093:Spain 1049:Brill 1023:James 865:Sluys 702:Spain 617:Spain 515:Third 503:First 436:Texel 117:India 64:, by 4258:ISBN 4239:ISBN 4220:ISBN 4201:ISBN 4182:ISBN 4163:ISBN 4135:ISBN 4079:ISBN 4060:ISBN 4047:2019 3978:ISBN 3959:ISBN 3940:ISBN 3921:ISBN 3895:OCLC 3839:ISBN 3826:2019 3819:OPIL 3791:ISBN 3772:ISBN 3749:ISBN 3730:ISBN 3711:ISBN 3692:ISBN 3636:ISBN 3617:ISBN 3574:ISBN 3501:ISBN 3482:ISBN 3442:ISBN 3423:ISBN 3404:ISBN 3385:ISBN 3366:ISBN 3340:2020 2267:2023 1917:2019 1805:Mary 1508:Sir 1437:1673 1361:and 1333:and 1301:and 1253:The 1142:and 1091:and 958:and 863:and 815:and 768:and 615:and 541:and 533:The 76:Date 59:The 44:and 4102:doi 4005:doi 3862:doi 3659:doi 3541:doi 3520:doi 3325:VII 3285:doi 1539:or 1474:by 1025:as 1010:. 876:Run 4278:: 4116:. 4108:. 4098:26 4096:. 4038:. 4021:. 4013:. 4001:63 3999:. 3995:. 3876:. 3868:. 3856:. 3817:. 3673:. 3665:. 3655:29 3653:. 3555:. 3547:. 3535:. 3518:. 3353:69 3351:. 3323:. 3319:. 3299:. 3291:. 3281:19 3178:^ 3125:^ 3038:^ 2931:^ 2856:^ 2841:^ 2682:^ 2667:^ 2352:^ 2299:^ 2258:. 1908:. 1826:: 1752:. 1630:. 1543:. 1433:. 1337:. 1216:, 1146:. 1130:, 859:, 819:. 772:. 732:. 662:. 619:. 580:. 560:, 553:. 115:, 111:, 107:, 103:, 4266:. 4247:. 4228:. 4209:. 4190:. 4171:. 4143:. 4124:. 4104:: 4087:. 4068:. 4049:. 4029:. 4007:: 3986:. 3967:. 3948:. 3929:. 3901:. 3884:. 3864:: 3858:4 3847:. 3828:. 3799:. 3780:. 3757:. 3738:. 3719:. 3700:. 3681:. 3661:: 3644:. 3625:. 3582:. 3563:. 3543:: 3537:1 3526:. 3522:: 3509:. 3490:. 3450:. 3431:. 3412:. 3393:. 3374:. 3307:. 3287:: 2269:. 2004:. 1919:. 1482:' 480:e 473:t 466:v 371:e 364:t 357:v 209:X 89:) 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Third Anglo-Dutch War

Index