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expenditures by ending state subsidies on food and certain consumer goods for state employees. It further determined that all relevant costs to the national government needed to be accounted for in determining production costs and that the state should cease compensating for losses incurred by state enterprises. To implement these resolutions, monetary organizations were required to shift to modern economic accounting. The government created a
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reorganizing some small-scale industries into cooperatives. In other cases, however, individual ownership was maintained. Investment in light industry actually decreased by 48 percent while investment in heavy industry increased by 17 percent during the first two years of the plan. Nonetheless, the increase in light-industry production outpaced that of heavy industry by 33 percent to 28 percent during the same two-year period.
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revolution" and its "line of building a socialist economy". The next two congresses, held in March 1982 and
December 1986, respectively, reiterated this long-term communist objective and approved the five-year plans designed to guide the development of the Vietnamese economy at each specific stage of the revolution.
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households were permitted to sign contracts with the collective to farm land owned by the collective. The households then assumed responsibility for production on the plots. If production fell short of assigned quotas, the households were to be required to make up the deficit the following year. If a
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to spur the development of the export market were integrated into a single enterprise regulated by the state. At the same time, the pace of collectivization in the countryside was accelerated under the plan. By the end of 1985, Hanoi reported that 72 percent of the total number of peasant households
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activities in the South was addressed, as was the issue of the pace of the South's socialist transformation. The policies arrived at called for the temporary retention of private capitalist activities in order to spur economic growth and the completion, more or less, of a communist transformation in
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of small enterprises and reversing former policies that had sought the complete and immediate communization of the South. The new policy especially benefited peasants (including the overwhelming majority of peasants in the South) who had refused to join cooperatives, small producers, small traders,
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To address these problems, at its Fifth
National Party Congress held in March 1982, the VCP approved resolutions on "orientations, tasks and objectives of economic and social development for 1981-85 and the 1980s". The resolutions established economic goals and in effect constituted Vietnam's Third
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Despite the plan's emphasis on agricultural development, the industrial sector received a larger share of state investment during the first two years. In 1982, for example, the approximate proportion was 53 percent for industry compared with 18 percent for agriculture. Limiting state investment in
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The plan's highest priority, however, was to develop agriculture by integrating the collective and individual sectors into an overall system emphasizing intensive cultivation and crop specialization and by employing science and technology. Economic policy encouraged the development of the "family
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The optimism and impatience of
Vietnam's leaders were evident in the Second Five-Year Plan. The plan set extraordinarily high goals for the average annual growth rates for industry (16 to 18 percent), agriculture (8 to 10 percent), and national income (13 to 14 percent). It also gave priority to
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was intended to serve agriculture on the premise that a rapid increase in agricultural production would in turn fund further industrial growth. With this strategy, Vietnamese leaders claimed that the country could bypass the capitalist industrialization stage necessary to prepare for communism.
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The party's goal is to unify the economic system of the entire country under socialism. Steps were taken to implement this goal at the long-delayed Fourth
National Party Congress, convened in December 1976, when the party adopted the Second Five-Year Plan and defined both its "line of socialist
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By 1979 it was clear that the Second Five-Year Plan had failed to reduce the serious problems facing the newly unified economy. Vietnam's economy remained dominated by small-scale production, low labor productivity, unemployment, material and technological shortfalls, and insufficient food and
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The July 1984 Sixth Plenum (Fifth
Congress) of the VCP Central Committee recognized that private sector domination of wholesale and retail trade in the South could not be eliminated until the state was capable of assuming responsibility for trade. Proposals therefore were made to decentralize
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Vietnam's material needs, create goods for export, and lay the foundation for the development of heavy industry. In the South, this entailed transforming some private enterprises into "state-private joint enterprises" and
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Central Committee's Eighth Plenum (Fifth Congress) in June 1985. Acting to disperse economic decision making, the plenum resolved to grant production autonomy at the factory and individual farm levels. The plenum also sought to reduce government
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Delta) to the "underpopulated" provinces of the delta's mountain rim. Because of the ambitiousness of its original goal the
Northern program did not reach its objective. The objective being to resettle each year a number of people corresponding to the increase of population. Between
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through the plenary sessions of the
Central Committee and national congresses. The party plays a leading role in establishing the foundations and principles of communism, mapping strategies for economic development, setting growth targets, and launching reforms.
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Five-Year Plan (1981–85). Because of the failure of the Second Five-Year Plan, however, the
Vietnamese leadership proceeded cautiously, presenting the plan one year at a time. The plan as a whole was neither drawn up in final form nor presented to the
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only. The second phase, called "socialist industrialization", was divided into two stages: from 1981 through 1990 and from 1991 through 2005. The third phase, covering the years 2006 through 2010, was to be time allotted to "perfect" the transition.
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involvement in economic affairs so that it could guide this process. Development plans were to focus equally on agriculture and industry, while initial investment was to favor projects that developed both sectors of the economy. Thus, for example,
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Planning is a key characteristic of centralized, planned economy, and one plan established for the entire country normally contains detailed economic development guidelines for all its regions. According to Vietnamese economist
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can be obtained from available financial data. The Vietnamese government budget for 1976 amounted to US$ 2.5 billion, while investments amounting to US$ 7.5 billion were planned for the period between 1976 and 1980.
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reconstruction and new construction while attempting to develop agricultural resources, to integrate the North and the South, and to proceed with communization.
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Desbarats, Jacqueline: Population Redistribution in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, in: Population & Development Review, 13, March 1987.
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planning procedures and improve the managerial skills of government and party officials.
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Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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The Vietnamese Revolution: Fundamental Problems, Essential Tasks
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Free enterprise was sanctioned, thus bringing to an end the
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6th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam
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312:Ngô Xuân Lịch
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252:Văn Tiến Dũng
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247:Tôn Đức Thắng
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227:Nông Đức Mạnh
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72: –
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66:Find sources:
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56:
52:
46:
45:
44:single source
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2506:Martial arts
2329:Architecture
2299:Christianity
2217:Demographics
2175:Prostitution
2133:Universities
2079:Water supply
1978:
1929:
1839:Border Guard
1834:Ground Force
1822:Armed forces
1600:Human rights
1585:Constitution
1548:Mekong Delta
1049:(Vietnamese)
1027:. Retrieved
1023:
1014:
1003:. Retrieved
999:
990:
981:
931:
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758:
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659:Soviet Union
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568:
392:
322:Lê Khả Phiêu
257:Trường Chinh
108:
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91:
84:
77:
65:
41:
2469:Nationalism
2420:News Agency
2371:Ingredients
2062:Expressways
2050:Visa policy
2016:Measurement
1969:Foreign aid
1919:Agriculture
1856:Coast Guard
1724:Legislative
1319:Monarchical
1304:Prehistoric
1167:Vietnam War
709:free market
700:cooperative
588:Vo Nhan Tri
410:Vietnam War
202:Hồ Chí Minh
164:Land reform
111:August 2018
2582:Categories
2479:Trotskyism
2454:Philosophy
2430:Newspapers
2415:Television
2410:Mass media
2398:Literature
2190:Corruption
2038:Censorship
2021:Inventions
1994:Automotive
1941:(currency)
1698:Government
1580:Censorship
1384:Ecoregions
1029:2020-02-01
1005:2020-02-01
793:References
691:capitalist
297:Lê Đức Thọ
287:Vũ Đức Đam
81:newspapers
2474:Socialism
2464:Communism
2459:Anarchism
2388:Festivals
2349:Animation
2252:Phonology
2128:Education
2089:Transport
2057:Transport
1989:Standards
1851:Air Force
1758:Judiciary
1748:Elections
1715:Ministers
1686:President
1679:Executive
1655:Politburo
1543:Southeast
1509:Northwest
1504:Northeast
1451:Provinces
1443:Divisions
1355:Geography
1261:Dynasties
609:Red River
420:Viet Cong
405:Việt Minh
51:talk page
2562:Category
2356:Clothing
2289:Buddhism
2279:Religion
2247:Alphabet
2242:Language
2170:Gambling
2150:COVID-19
2145:HIV/AIDS
2072:Airports
2067:Railways
2033:Internet
1884:Security
1800:Military
1743:Chairman
1568:Politics
1538:Southern
1494:Northern
1421:Molluscs
1406:Wildlife
1329:Republic
1296:Timeline
1276:Monarchs
1271:Military
1266:Economic
1256:Capitals
1240:articles
1134:Interwar
949:40294997
771:See also
749:devalued
745:new dong
148:Concepts
2546:Outline
2518:Theater
2513:Symbols
2361:Cuisine
2316:Culture
2230:Eunuchs
2116:Society
2045:Tourism
2001:Poverty
1930:Doi Moi
1924:Banking
1907:Economy
1871:Militia
1516:Central
1486:Regions
1411:Mammals
1372:Climate
1367:Borders
1309:Ancient
1248:History
1236:Vietnam
1189:Đổi Mới
704:peasant
372:History
222:Đỗ Mười
212:Lê Duẩn
95:scholar
2567:Portal
2496:Sports
2403:Poetry
2383:Emblem
2366:Dishes
2344:Cinema
2339:Awards
2324:Anthem
2294:Taoism
2274:Racism
2225:People
2140:Health
1947:Energy
1879:Police
1461:Cities
1238:
947:
665:, and
196:People
97:
90:
83:
76:
68:
2553:Index
2442:V-pop
2437:Music
2425:Voice
2378:Dance
2304:Islam
2207:Women
2165:Crime
2154:Delta
1939:Đồng
1416:Birds
1286:Naval
1281:Names
663:China
651:Hanoi
102:JSTOR
88:books
2393:Flag
2269:Name
2202:Time
2157:cron
2152:and
1869:and
1846:Navy
1829:Army
1605:LGBT
973:link
945:OCLC
618:1975
616:and
614:1961
569:The
74:news
2334:Art
1612:Law
57:by
2584::
1022:.
998:.
969:}}
965:{{
951:.
939:,
801:^
751:.
661:,
645:,
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961:.
558:e
551:t
544:v
113:)
109:(
99:·
92:·
85:·
78:·
61:.
47:.
20:)
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