995:
1067:
1024:
221:
746:
44:
557:
738:
57:
883:
was not made public due to the country being under threat from Nazi
Germany. It became known as the "silent election" as no voting actually took place; instead, the Progressive Citizen's Party and Patriotic Union used it to assign roughly an equal number of seats to each other in order to prevent the
871:
mountain to
Switzerland. Though Hoop was supportive of the transfer, he argued that the country should be fairly compensated for the loss of territory, such as the transfer of Swiss land elsewhere or greater banking cooperation between the two countries. The proposition faced resistance from the
964:
1420:
1385:
1328:
1287:
1200:
1560:
535:
716:
345:
1796:
900:, followed by declaring Liechtenstein's annexation into Germany. The leaders were almost immediately arrested and the planned German invasion failed to materialise.
1801:
1605:
635:
1241:
1771:
773:
602:
489:
476:
472:
310:
275:
1791:
695:
413:
885:
280:
1781:
833:
795:
292:
102:
903:
During World War II, Liechtenstein remained neutral. Hoop's government considered non-binding, non-provocative diplomacy to be appropriate towards
528:
408:
1444:
984:
1776:
1517:
268:
892:. As a result, the Hoop cabinet was now made out of several members of both parties. The government was placed under threat when the VBDL
1445:"GUARANTEE SOUGHT BY LIECHTENSTEIN; Principality Wants to Join Switzerland if Powers Fail to Back Independencece GERMAN INVASION FEARED"
880:
726:
670:
650:
620:
396:
391:
386:
381:
179:
1786:
1546:
521:
451:
1495:
262:
1122:
766:
494:
1080:
1056:
1008:
953:
861:
841:
588:
426:
148:
994:
1670:
1655:
1553:
625:
438:
1037:
977:
837:
144:
1590:
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1675:
1665:
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1650:
827:
593:
433:
241:
234:
1595:
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1735:
1705:
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1600:
1585:
508:
1740:
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1700:
1690:
759:
700:
48:
1725:
1720:
370:
1715:
1610:
1569:
1094:
923:
911:, Hoop showed respect for the German armies. At the same time, the country tied itself as closely as possible to
893:
857:
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687:
675:
642:
349:
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211:
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287:
1351:
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1685:
1615:
1527:
1140:
872:
residents in
Balzers, and was not approved by Franz Joseph II. Also facing unofficial objections from
1750:
1680:
1620:
922:
At the request of Franz Joseph II on 9 November 1944, the cabinet was dissolved and succeeded by the
845:
158:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1640:
1630:
1449:
1356:
1048:
849:
1195:
1023:
1513:
1491:
1145:
745:
630:
220:
1242:"Die Angst vor feindlichen Truppen: Wie die «Loreley des Alpenrheins» den Besitzer wechselte"
462:
1415:
916:
853:
867:
Starting from 1938, the cabinet was faced with the challenge of pressure to transfer the
1126:
1114:
1029:
43:
1765:
1538:
1505:
791:
963:
919:. It achieved the de-facto inclusion of Liechtenstein in the Swiss national supply.
737:
556:
1475:
1411:
904:
896:
in March 1939, first trying to provoke a intervention from Nazi
Germany by burning
873:
807:
315:
1323:
17:
832:
Following the
Anschluss of Austria in March 1938, Franz I named his grand-nephew
912:
1380:
1000:
969:
799:
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655:
571:
122:
112:
908:
803:
1483:
1282:
897:
868:
819:
56:
744:
736:
907:, supplemented by courtesy gestures. In 1940, during a lecture in
1534:(in German). Vaduz: Landtag of the Principality of Liechtenstein.
802:. The cabinet was formed as a coalition government following the
1542:
876:, Hoop was forced to end the negotiations with Switzerland.
794:
from 30 March 1938 to 9 November 1944. It was appointed by
915:during the war in hopes of retaining the country's
195:
185:
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170:
154:
140:
128:
118:
108:
98:
93:
78:
63:
34:
1421:Historisches Lexikon des FĂĽrstentums Liechtenstein
1386:Historisches Lexikon des FĂĽrstentums Liechtenstein
1352:"Liechtenstein Jails Nazi For Attempt at Uprising"
1329:Historisches Lexikon des FĂĽrstentums Liechtenstein
1288:Historisches Lexikon des FĂĽrstentums Liechtenstein
1223:
1221:
1219:
1201:Historisches Lexikon des FĂĽrstentums Liechtenstein
886:German National Movement in Liechtenstein (VBDL)
856:, overseen by Franz Joseph II. As a result, the
1480:Liechtenstein in den Dreissigerjahren 1928–1939
1125:from the original on 20 April 2020 – via
1554:
767:
529:
8:
1309:
860:was succeeded with Josef Hoop continuing as
701:First Russian National Army in Liechtenstein
1141:"Liechtenstein's Prince Franz Josef II, 83"
27:Governing body of Liechtenstein (1938–1944)
1561:
1547:
1539:
1443:Streitwireless, Clarence (10 April 1938).
1065:
774:
760:
547:
536:
522:
206:
717:President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein
933:
806:in 1938, and it oversaw the majority of
1797:1944 disestablishments in Liechtenstein
1173:Prince and People: Liechtenstein Civics
1106:
550:
209:
1802:Coalition governments of Liechtenstein
1406:
1404:
1268:
31:
1194:Marxer, Wilfried (31 December 2011).
7:
1772:1938 establishments in Liechtenstein
1510:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
1227:
1169:"Parties in Liechtenstein 1921-1943"
1379:Marxer, Roland (31 December 2011).
1240:Meier, GĂĽnther (11 December 2023).
881:1939 Liechtenstein general election
1792:World War II coalition governments
1570:National cabinets of Liechtenstein
1322:BĂĽchel, Donat (31 December 2011).
1281:BĂĽchel, Donat (31 December 2011).
1115:"Prince Franz to Return to Estate"
25:
1077:13 August 1941 – 9 November 1944
1053:30 March 1938 – 27 December 1940
1034:30 March 1938 – 9 November 1944
1022:
1005:30 March 1938 – 9 November 1944
993:
974:30 March 1938 – 9 November 1944
962:
852:and help retain Liechtenstein's
810:before being succeeded in 1944.
636:1935 electoral system referendum
555:
219:
55:
42:
1782:Cabinets disestablished in 1944
1606:Provisional Executive Committee
862:Prime Minister of Liechtenstein
603:Prime Minister of Liechtenstein
888:from gaining any seats in the
130:
1:
1591:Friedrich Stellwag von Carion
1121:. 1 April 1938. p. 216.
848:formed to prevent government
828:Liechtenstein in World War II
1777:Cabinets established in 1938
1482:(in German) (1st ed.).
696:1945 Landtag size referendum
458:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
276:Hereditary Prince and Regent
1038:Progressive Citizens' Party
978:Progressive Citizens' Party
838:Progressive Citizens' Party
594:Landtag member for Oberland
49:Government of Liechtenstein
1818:
1601:Leopold Freiherr von Imhof
1312:, p. 1159 & 1179.
817:
790:was the governing body of
1787:Cabinets of Liechtenstein
1576:
1508:; Stöver, Philip (2010).
1416:"Hoop,_Josef_(1895–1959)"
1095:Politics of Liechtenstein
1014:
983:
952:
924:Fourth Josef Hoop cabinet
858:Second Josef Hoop cabinet
824:1939 Liechtenstein putsch
409:List of general elections
212:Politics of Liechtenstein
200:Fourth Josef Hoop cabinet
190:Second Josef Hoop cabinet
119:Deputy head of government
82:9 November 1944
54:
41:
1310:Nohlen & Stöver 2010
788:third Josef Hoop cabinet
564:This article is part of
427:Administrative divisions
94:People and organisations
36:Third Josef Hoop cabinet
1596:Carl von In der Maur II
1488:Liechtenstein Institute
1015:Government councillors
689:Fourth Cabinet and Term
644:Second Cabinet and Term
67:30 March 1938
1586:Carl von In der Maur I
1196:"Patriotic Union (VU)"
749:
741:
664:Third Cabinet and Term
614:First Cabinet and Term
473:Diplomatic missions of
985:Deputy Prime Minister
748:
740:
727:1957 general election
671:1939 general election
651:1936 general election
621:1928 general election
155:Status in legislature
1414:(31 December 2011).
1247:Neue ZĂĽrcher Zeitung
846:coalition government
804:Anschluss of Austria
164:15 / 15 (100%)
1676:Gerard Batliner III
1661:Alexander Frick III
1073:Johann Georg Hasler
1671:Gerard Batliner II
1656:Alexander Frick II
1450:The New York Times
1357:The New York Times
1271:, p. 300–311.
1149:. 15 November 1989
750:
742:
109:Head of government
18:Third Hoop cabinet
1759:
1758:
1736:Klaus TschĂĽtscher
1701:Hans Brunhart III
1666:Gerard Batliner I
1651:Alexander Frick I
1532:125 Jahre Landtag
1519:978-3-8329-5609-7
1324:"Anschlussputsch"
1175:(in German). 2007
1146:Los Angeles Times
1086:
1085:
784:
783:
631:Rotter kidnapping
589:Electoral history
581:
580:
546:
545:
490:Visa requirements
452:Foreign relations
414:Political parties
242:1921 Constitution
205:
204:
16:(Redirected from
1809:
1746:Adrian Hasler II
1706:Hans Brunhart IV
1696:Hans Brunhart II
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1137:
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1111:
1069:
1026:
997:
966:
934:
894:attempted a coup
836:his regent. The
776:
769:
762:
626:1930 referendums
577:
576:
574:
567:
559:
552:
551:
548:
538:
531:
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477:in Liechtenstein
463:Dominique Hasler
223:
207:
165:
132:
89:
87:
74:
72:
59:
46:
32:
21:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1741:Adrian Hasler I
1731:Otmar Hasler II
1691:Hans Brunhart I
1626:Gustav Schädler
1581:Karl von Hausen
1572:
1567:
1526:
1520:
1504:
1498:
1474:
1471:
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1360:. 27 April 1939
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1091:
1081:Patriotic Union
1057:Patriotic Union
1009:Patriotic Union
932:
842:Patriotic Union
830:
816:
798:and chaired by
796:Franz Joseph II
780:
751:
734:
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509:Other countries
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288:Princely family
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103:Franz Joseph II
85:
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5:
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1726:Otmar Hasler I
1723:
1721:Mario Frick II
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1641:Josef Hoop III
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1506:Nohlen, Dieter
1502:
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1127:Newspapers.com
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1030:Anton Frommelt
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954:Prime Minister
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566:a series about
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311:Prime Minister
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1717:
1716:Mario Frick I
1714:
1712:
1711:Markus BĂĽchel
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1686:Walter Kieber
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1646:Josef Hoop IV
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1636:Josef Hoop II
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1497:3-906393-28-3
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1481:
1477:
1476:Geiger, Peter
1473:
1472:
1468:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1439:
1436:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1412:Geiger, Peter
1407:
1405:
1401:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1381:"Neutralität"
1375:
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1358:
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792:Liechtenstein
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1751:Daniel Risch
1681:Alfred Hilbe
1631:Josef Hoop I
1621:Josef Ospelt
1531:
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1469:Bibliography
1454:. Retrieved
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1426:. Retrieved
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1393:28 September
1391:. Retrieved
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874:Nazi Germany
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834:Franz Joseph
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350:Albert Frick
316:Daniel Risch
269:Hans-Adam II
235:Constitution
29:
1424:(in German)
1389:(in German)
1336:14 November
1332:(in German)
1291:(in German)
1269:Geiger 1997
1250:(in German)
1204:(in German)
1049:Arnold Hoop
913:Switzerland
706:Resignation
676:1939 putsch
495:Visa policy
335:Legislative
186:Predecessor
64:Date formed
1766:Categories
1616:Josef Peer
1611:Karl Aloys
1528:Vogt, Paul
1428:26 October
1119:Daily News
1101:References
1001:Alois Vogt
970:Josef Hoop
917:neutrality
854:neutrality
818:See also:
800:Josef Hoop
656:Spy affair
573:Josef Hoop
461:Minister:
323:Government
293:Succession
133:of members
123:Alois Vogt
113:Josef Hoop
86:1944-11-09
71:1938-03-30
1512:. Nomos.
1283:"Ellhorn"
1228:Vogt 1987
909:Stuttgart
898:swastikas
844:formed a
721:1958–1959
607:1928–1945
439:Unterland
371:elections
364:Elections
346:President
305:Executive
196:Successor
159:Coalition
1530:(1987).
1478:(1997).
1295:19 March
1254:30 March
1123:Archived
1089:See also
939:Picture
850:deadlock
485:Passport
434:Oberland
378:General:
261:Prince (
255:Monarchy
176:Election
930:Members
890:Landtag
869:Ellhorn
820:Ellhorn
814:History
369:Recent
341:Landtag
171:History
84: (
69: (
1516:
1494:
1484:ZĂĽrich
1456:16 May
1364:18 May
1208:14 May
1179:15 May
1153:17 May
948:Party
826:, and
129:Total
945:Term
942:Name
281:Alois
1514:ISBN
1492:ISBN
1458:2023
1430:2022
1395:2023
1366:2023
1338:2023
1297:2024
1256:2024
1210:2023
1181:2023
1155:2023
879:The
840:and
786:The
398:2025
392:2021
387:2017
382:2013
263:list
180:1939
145:FBP
131:no.
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