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In view of the necessity to abolish everything which could revive the memory of the existence of the
Kingdom of Poland, now that the annulment of this body politic has been effected ... the high contracting parties are agreed and undertake never to include in their titles ... the name or designation
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put into effect a series of reforms to enhance Poland's military, political system, economy, and society. These reforms reached their climax with the enactment of the May
Constitution in 1791, which established a constitutional monarchy with separation into three branches of government, strengthened
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The Third
Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ended the existence of an independent Polish and Lithuanian state for the next 123 years. Immediately following the Third Partition, the occupying powers forced many Polish politicians, intellectuals, and revolutionaries to emigrate across
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and 1.2 million people. Unlike previous partitions, no Polish representative was party to the treaty. The
Habsburgs, Russia, and Prussia forced King Stanislaus to abdicate and retire to St. Petersburg, where he died as a trophy prisoner in 1798. The victors also agreed to erase the country's
351:, at which point Russia ended most of the kingdom's autonomy and exacted multiple punitive measures on the Polish populace. In 1867, Russia made Poland an official part of the Russian Empire, as opposed to a puppet state. Poland would not regain full independence until the end of
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Austrian, Prussian, and
Russian representatives met on 24 October 1795 to dissolve the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with the three conquering powers signing a treaty to divide the region on 26 January 1797. This gave the Habsburg monarchy control of the
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were quick to respond and, despite initial successes by
Kosciuszko's forces, the uprising was crushed by November 1794. According to legend, when Kosciuszko fell off of his horse at the
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unfolding in France, the Polish masses quickly turned against the occupying forces of
Prussia and Russia. Following a series of nationwide riots, on 24 March 1794, Polish patriot
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503:"Partitions of Poland (Polish history) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia." Encyclopedia – Britannica Online Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2011.
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198:'s privileges as well as many of the old laws of serfdom. In addition, to strengthen Poland's international standings, King Stanislaus signed the
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in 1793, which ceded
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Outraged with the further humiliation of Poland by her neighbors and the betrayal by the Polish nobility, and emboldened by the
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Steed, Henry
Wickham, W. Alison Phillips, and David Hannay. "A Short History of Austria-Hungary and Poland." London:
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Aftermath of the Third
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and declared a nationwide uprising against Poland's foreign occupiers, marking the beginning of the
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of the Kingdom of Poland, which shall remain suppressed as from the present and forever ...
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1795 division of Polish-Lithuanian territory among Prussia, Habsburg Austria, and Russia
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in 1772, in an attempt to strengthen the significantly weakened Commonwealth, King
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movement. Poland briefly regained semi-autonomy in 1807 when Napoleon created the
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Part of the permanent exhibition dedicated to the partitions of Poland at the
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territories, with approximately 1.2 million people; Prussia received
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in 1815. The Congress created the Kingdom of Poland, sometimes called
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which effectively ended Polish–Lithuanian national sovereignty
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Administrative division of Polish territories after partitions
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Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
206:-style reforms, Russia invaded Poland in 1792, beginning the
489:"The History Of Poland." Redirecting... Web. 02 Dec. 2011.
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http://www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk/www/history/index.html
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Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
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319:Europe, in what was later known as the
131:(1795) was the last in a series of the
339:, but this effectively ended with the
155:. The partition was the result of the
50:Population losses in the 3rd Partition
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463:God's Playground: A History of Poland
428:God's Playground: A History of Poland
299:Partitions of Poland § Aftermath
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518:The Period of Partitions (1772–1918)
309:Museum of the History of Polish Jews
1049:Treaties of the Kingdom of Prussia
208:War in Defense of the Constitution
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274:, the remainder of Masovia, and
159:and was followed by a number of
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1054:Frederick William II of Prussia
524:Encyclopædia Britannica: Poland
498:http://europaworld.com/entry/pl
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412:(Book review). Archived from
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445:www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk
355:when the signing of the
100:To the Habsburg Monarchy
79:Final territorial losses
484:Encyclopædia Britannica
441:"The History Of Poland"
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91:), Western Lithuania (
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847:Grand Duchy of Posen
357:Treaty of Versailles
247:Frederick William II
233:took command of the
200:Polish-Prussian Pact
173:Partitions of Poland
135:and the land of the
1059:Catherine the Great
917:Territorial reforms
875:Province of Prussia
477:The Slavonic Review
470:A History of Poland
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235:Polish armed forces
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163:during the period.
157:Kościuszko Uprising
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862:Westphalia
689:After 1701
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167:Background
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