Thomas Babington Macaulay

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we pass from works of imagination to works in which facts are recorded and general principles investigated, the superiority of the Europeans becomes absolutely immeasurable. It is, I believe, no exaggeration to say that all the historical information which has been collected from all the books written in the Sanskrit language is less valuable than what may be found in the most paltry abridgments used at preparatory schools in England. In every branch of physical or moral philosophy, the relative position of the two nations is nearly the same.

3921: 1931: 685:. Hence, he argued, "We have to educate a people who cannot at present be educated by means of their mother-tongue. We must teach them some foreign language." Macaulay argued that Sanskrit and Persian were no more accessible than English to the speakers of the Indian vernacular languages and existing Sanskrit and Persian texts were of little use for 'useful learning'. In one of the less scathing passages of the Minute he 85: 1919: 3974: 1742: 1907: 827:: we are dealing with 'a race of sovereign' or a 'sovereign caste', wielding absolute power over its 'serfs'." Losurdo noted that this did not prompt any doubts from Macaulay over the right of Britain to administer its colonies in an autocratic fashion; for example, while Macaulay described the administration of 721:

in opinions, in morals, and in intellect. To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country, to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature, and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the population.

713: 1381:. Though he was never cited by name, there can be no doubt that Macaulay answers to the charges brought against Whig historians, particularly that they study the past with reference to the present, class people in the past as those who furthered progress and those who hindered it, and judge them accordingly. 699: 686: 720:

I feel with them that it is impossible for us, with our limited means, to attempt to educate the body of the people. We must at present do our best to form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern; a class of persons Indian in blood and colour, but English in tastes,

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It will hardly be disputed, I suppose, that the department of literature in which the Eastern writers stand highest is poetry. And I certainly never met with any orientalist who ventured to maintain that the Arabic and Sanskrit poetry could be compared to that of the great European nations. But when

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says, rightly, that in the nineteenth century the Whig view of history became the English view. The chief agent of that transformation was surely Macaulay, aided, of course, by the receding relevance of seventeenth-century conflicts to contemporary politics, as the power of the crown waned further,

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We must never judge the quality of a teaching by the quality of the Teacher, or allow the spots to shut out the sun. It would be unjust, and it would deprive us of nearly all that is great and good in this world. Let me remind you of Macaulay. He remains to me one of the greatest of all writers and

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referred to him as a 'systematic falsifier of history'. Later historians have also highlighted his views on non-European cultures and philosophies as explicitly racist, citing, for example, his remark that 'a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and

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had merely asserted, a sense of the privileged possession by Englishmen of their history, as well as of the epic dignity of government by discussion. If this was sectarian it was hardly, in any useful contemporary sense, polemically Whig; it is more like the sectarianism of English respectability.

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Macaulay's political writings are famous for their ringing prose and for their confident, sometimes dogmatic, emphasis on a progressive model of British history, according to which the country threw off superstition, autocracy and confusion to create a balanced constitution and a forward-looking

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In 1852, the voters of Edinburgh offered to re-elect him to Parliament. He accepted on the express condition that he need not campaign and would not pledge himself to a position on any political issue. Remarkably, he was elected on those terms. He seldom attended the House due to ill health. His

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Hence, from the sixth year of schooling onwards, instruction should be in European learning, with English as the medium of instruction. This would create a class of anglicised Indians who would serve as cultural intermediaries between the British and the Indians; the creation of such a class was

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I have no knowledge of either Sanskrit or Arabic. But I have done what I could to form a correct estimate of their value. I have read translations of the most celebrated Arabic and Sanskrit works. I have conversed both here and at home with men distinguished by their proficiency in the Eastern

2802:, p. 132: "It is beyond our hopes to overtake Lord Macaulay. The grandeur and sweep of his story-telling carries him swiftly along, and with every generation he enters new fields. We can only hope that Truth will follow swiftly enough to fasten the label 'Liar' to his genteel coat-tails." 1397:

On the other hand, Speck also wrote that Macaulay "took pains to present the virtues even of a rogue, and he painted the virtuous warts and all", and that "he was never guilty of suppressing or distorting evidence to make it support a proposition which he knew to be untrue". Speck concluded:

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For all his linguistic abilities he seems never to have tried to enter into sympathetic mental contact with the classical world or with the Europe of his day. It was an insularity that was impregnable ... If his outlook was insular, however, it was surely British rather than English.

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landowner and politician, who had married Zachary's sister Jean. The young Macaulay was noted as a child prodigy; as a toddler, gazing out of the window from his cot at the chimneys of a local factory, he is reputed to have asked his father whether the smoke came from the fires of hell.

1194:(with one or two speeches) that is wonderful. He knew nothing respectably before the seventeenth century, he knew nothing of foreign history, of religion, philosophy, science, or art. His account of debates has been thrown into the shade by Ranke, his account of diplomatic affairs, by 649: 1276:'s, brought to luncheon a young man of that name. His talk interested the P.M. ... Macaulay, Longman went on, was not read now; there was no demand for his books. The P.M. grunted that he was very sorry to hear this. Macaulay had been a great influence in his young days. 875:

in the English-speaking world for many decades. Macaulay argued that copyright is a monopoly and as such has generally negative effects on society. After the fall of Melbourne's government in 1841 Macaulay devoted more time to literary work, and returned to office as

617:. He extensively wrote that Islam and Hinduism had little to offer to the world, and that Arabic, Persian and Sanskrit literature had little contribution to humanity. Macaulay's subsequent speeches in favour of parliamentary reform were commended. He became MP for 694:

tongues. I am quite ready to take the Oriental learning at the valuation of the Orientalists themselves. I have never found one among them who could deny that a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia.

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as being so despotic that "all the injustice of former oppressors, Asiatic and European, appeared as a blessing", he (Hastings) deserved "high admiration" and a rank among "the most remarkable men in our history" for "having saved England and civilisation".

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Arabia'. His tendency to see history as a drama led him to treat figures whose views he opposed as if they were villains, while characters he approved of were presented as heroes. Macaulay goes to considerable length, for example, to absolve his main hero

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at least has survived subsequent research. Although it is often dismissed as inaccurate, it is hard to pinpoint a passage where he is categorically in error ... his account of events has stood up remarkably well ... His interpretation of the

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ost professional historians have long since given up reading Macaulay, as they have given up writing the kind of history he wrote and thinking about history as he did. Yet there was a time when anyone with any pretension to cultivation read Macaulay.

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in a major history of England existed before 1850; after his visit there and the narrative written round it no other account has been needed ... Scotland came fully into its own and from then until now it has been a commonplace that

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In 1888, Acton wrote that Macaulay "had done more than any writer in the literature of the world for the propagation of the Liberal faith, and he was not only the greatest, but the most representative, Englishman then living".

625:, by which Calne's representation was reduced from two MPs to one, and by which Leeds, which had not been represented before, had two MPs. Macaulay remained grateful to his former patron, Lansdowne, who remained his friend. 2090: 6979: 6974: 1411:

also remains the essential starting point for any discussion of that episode ... What has not survived, or has become subdued, is Macaulay's confident belief in progress. It was a dominant creed in the era of the

4531: 1445:, that Macaulay was always the Whig politician could hardly be more inapposite. Of course Macaulay thought that the Whigs of the seventeenth century were correct in their fundamental ideas, but the hero of the 585:. Macaulay's strongest emotional relationships were with his youngest sisters: Margaret, who died while he was in India, and Hannah, to whose daughter Margaret, whom he called 'Baba', he was also attached. 6889: 814:, as a "creative appropriation for self-empowerment", based on the view that the Dalit community was empowered by Macaulay's deprecation of Hindu culture and support for Western-style education in India. 1424:

destroyed this century's claim to moral superiority over its predecessors, while the exhaustion of natural resources raises serious doubts about the continuation even of material progress into the next.

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weakness after suffering a heart attack caused him to postpone for several months making his speech of thanks to the Edinburgh voters. He resigned his seat in January 1856. In 1857 he was raised to the

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has been subjected is a measure of its permanent value. It is worth every ounce of powder and shot that is fired against it." Potter concluded that "in the long roll of English historical writing from

1316:, was due to the intense local knowledge acquired on the spot. As a result it is a superb, living picture of Great Britain in the latter half of the seventeenth century ... No description of the 6904: 673:

lines to deliver "useful learning", a phrase that to him was synonymous with Western culture. There was no tradition of secondary education in vernacular languages; the institutions supported by the

6909: 1061: 446: 6899: 1198:. He is, I am persuaded, grossly, basely unfair. Read him therefore to find out how it comes that the most unsympathetic of critics can think him very nearly the greatest of English writers… 6914: 335: 4676: 1453:

it was so only, by the mid-nineteenth century, in the most extended and inclusive sense, requiring only an acceptance of parliamentary government and a sense of gravity of precedent.

1393:, when again and again he contrasts the backwardness of 1685 with the advances achieved by 1848. Not only does this misuse the past, it also leads him to exaggerate the differences. 1005:, a series of very popular poems about heroic episodes in Roman history which he began composing in India and continued in Rome, finally publishing in 1842. The most famous of them, 887:

In the election of 1847 he lost his seat in Edinburgh. He attributed the loss to the anger of religious zealots over his speech in favour of expanding the annual government grant to

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only, but Macaulay in particular that I was so full of." However, after coming under German influence Acton would later find fault in Macaulay. In 1880 Acton classed Macaulay (with

729:, founded by Major General Claude Martin, had one of its houses named after him), but subsequent Governors-General took a more conciliatory approach to existing Indian education. 6829: 2432: 637: 4771: 3571:

Rupprecht, Anita (September 2012). "'When he gets among his countrymen, they tell him that he is free': Slave Trade Abolition, Indentured Africans and a Royal Commission".

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Rupprecht, Anita (September 2012). "'When he gets among his countrymen, they tell him that he is free': Slave Trade Abolition, Indentured Africans and a Royal Commission".

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Macaulay's minute largely coincided with Bentinck's views and Bentinck's English Education Act 1835 closely matched Macaulay's recommendations (in 1836, a school named

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he Essays are really flashy and superficial. He was not above par in literary criticism; his Indian articles will not hold water; and his two most famous reviews, on

953:, which was formally established on 2 December 1856. Macaulay was amongst its founding trustees and is honoured with one of only three busts above the main entrance. 661:

of secondary education instruction in all schools where there had been none before, and the training of English-speaking Indians as teachers. In his minute, he urged

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In Indian culture, the term "Macaulay's Children" is sometimes used to refer to people born of Indian ancestry who adopt Western culture as a lifestyle, or display

1474:, informed by a high, even tumid sense of the worth of public life, yet fully conscious of its interrelations with the wider progress of society; it embodies what 5043: 864: 6919: 6824: 4781: 4656: 4506: 4476: 4466: 4441: 3452: 931: 891:

in Ireland, which trained young men for the Catholic priesthood; some observers also attributed his loss to his neglect of local issues. In 1849 he was elected

803:") – expressions used disparagingly, and with the implication of disloyalty to one's country and one's heritage. In independent India, Macaulay's idea of the 1377:

Macaulay's reputation as an historian has never fully recovered from the condemnation it implicitly received in Herbert Butterfield's devastating attack on

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During his later years his health made work increasingly difficult for him. He died of a heart attack on 28 December 1859, aged 59, leaving his major work,

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denies the past has its own validity, treating it as being merely a prelude to his own age. This is especially noticeable in the third chapter of his

1047: 536:. Macaulay did not while at Cambridge study classical literature, which he subsequently read in India. He in his letters describes his reading of the 38: 6809: 4891: 367: 74: 6647: 4836: 4144: 4044: 1140: 4606: 4213: 4155: 2790:, p. 788, Ch. XXVII: "I quote Macaulay, because as a systematic falsifier of history he minimizes facts of this kind as much as possible." 852: 3990: 6874: 6859: 4299: 4209: 4151: 4099: 4055: 3144:

The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales: Comprising a Registry of Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time

2001: 162: 1228:. (This line may well have been a joke about the Colonel's pseudo-intellectual bragging, as most educated Victorians knew that Macaulay did 1107:

and other publications, which were collected in book form and a steady best-seller throughout the 19th century. But it is also reflected in

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His final years in India were devoted to the creation of a Penal Code, as the leading member of the Law Commission. In the aftermath of the

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wrote that Macaulay is "the only British rival to Gibbon." In 1972, J. R. Western wrote that: "Despite its age and blemishes, Macaulay's

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from 1931 to 1965, claimed "In an age of long letters ... Macaulay's hold their own with the best". However Potter also claimed:

618: 610: 491: 2436: 895:, a position with no administrative duties, often awarded by the students to men of political or literary fame. He also received the 6884: 5231: 4906: 4841: 4616: 4551: 4358: 4262: 4170: 4140: 3916: 976: 629: 4901: 4736: 4701: 4556: 4071: 4048: 4035: 2119: 1470:

is much more than the vindication of a party; it is an attempt to insinuate a view of politics, pragmatic, reverent, essentially

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Potter noted that Macaulay has had many critics, some of whom put forward some salient points about the deficiency of Macaulay's

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from 1832 until he in 1833 required, as a consequence of the penury of his father, a more remunerative office, than that of

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to rebutting Macaulay's slights on his ancestor, expressing hope "to fasten the label 'Liar' to his genteel coat-tails".

5823: 5371: 1219: 1070: 641: 6597: 5251: 2595: 949:. The need to collect reliable portraits of notable figures from history for this project led to the foundation of the 6849: 6720: 6617: 5946: 5630: 1190:, show his incompetence. The essays are only pleasant reading, and a key to half the prejudices of our age. It is the 633: 360: 70: 6496: 5971: 3461: 1972: 1162:

four times and later described himself as "a raw English schoolboy, primed to the brim with Whig politics" but "not

546:'s poetry. He taught himself German, Dutch and Spanish, and was fluent in French. He studied law and he was in 1826 6839: 6642: 6637: 6332: 6092: 5670: 5431: 5168: 4921: 4501: 4402: 1897: 1732: 606: 582: 527: 523: 308: 3926: 6453: 6277: 6171: 5753: 5544: 5466: 5128: 4511: 4282: 3979: 828: 666: 150: 6511: 4222: 4160: 6964: 6592: 6557: 6199: 5456: 4661: 4481: 3867: 2361: 1065:, publishing the first two volumes in 1848. At first, he had planned to bring his history down to the reign of 733: 654:

of February 1835 was primarily responsible for the introduction of Western institutional education to India.

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Evans, Stephen (2002). "Macaulay's minute revisited: Colonial language policy in nineteenth-century India".

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Thomas, William. "Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Baron Macaulay (1800–1859), historian, essayist, and poet".

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culture combined with freedom of belief and expression. This model of human progress has been called the

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masters, although I think him utterly base, contemptible and odious for certain reasons which you know.

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Macaulay's approach has been criticised by later historians for its one-sidedness and its complacency.

3912: 2628: 1080:, were published in 1855. At his death in 1859 he was working on the fifth volume. This, bringing the 6804: 6799: 6710: 6390: 6224: 5361: 5246: 5241: 5093: 4541: 4255: 4202: 4188: 4175: 3836: 1505: 1001: 817:

Domenico Losurdo states that "Macaulay acknowledged that the English colonists in India behaved like

648:. Macaulay in 1834 went to India, where he served on the Supreme Council between 1834 and 1838. His 57: 5534: 6969: 6602: 6521: 6478: 6410: 6395: 6385: 6219: 6209: 6153: 6105: 5803: 5610: 5600: 5539: 5376: 5321: 5001: 4651: 4591: 4076: 3930: 3326: 1552: 1510: 1484: 1454: 1408: 1373:"still commands respect is that it was based upon a prodigious amount of research". Speck claimed: 1239: 1112: 896: 811: 6380: 1649: 1069:. After publication of his first two volumes, his hope was to complete his work with the death of 6675: 6443: 6272: 6186: 6059: 5936: 5923: 5893: 5818: 5778: 5768: 5705: 5700: 5554: 5486: 5436: 5208: 5088: 4272: 4022: 3871: 3807: 3790: 3620: 3588: 3218: 3182: 2633: 2558: 2414: 2208: 1463: 1269: 804: 796: 483: 5873: 5783: 5514: 5256: 3476: 3396: 568:, who desired a 'free black peasantry' rather than equality for Africans, also censured, in the 2005: 6657: 6367: 6234: 6125: 6044: 5966: 5903: 5888: 5590: 5582: 5426: 5401: 5163: 5138: 5068: 4846: 4796: 4425: 4316: 3950: 3811: 3755: 3740: 3725: 3695: 3672: 3651: 3536: 3528: 3518: 3490: 3437: 3416: 3381: 3312: 3291: 3283: 3268: 3178: 3164: 3142: 3127: 3121: 2703: 1981: 1879: 1806: 1792: 1614: 1537: 1521: 1262: 1187: 1132: 961: 877: 745: 737: 658: 438: 169: 3666: 3645: 2311:""Government of India" - A Speech Delivered in the House of Commons on the 10th of July 1833" 6768: 6700: 6695: 6622: 6549: 6539: 6486: 6297: 6287: 6282: 6247: 6049: 5991: 5951: 5913: 5833: 5763: 5758: 5743: 5562: 5098: 5078: 4856: 4756: 4631: 4289: 3959: 3895: 3782: 3668:

Civilizing Missions in Colonial and Postcolonial South Asia: From Improvement to Development

3612: 3580: 3510: 3210: 2553: 2409: 2200: 2124: 1911: 1831: 1795:. Such adoptions were not uncommon at the time according to the Scottish heraldic historian 1588: 1413: 1224: 1128: 1103: 1077: 1041: 965: 945:

Macaulay sat on the committee to decide on the historical subjects to be painted in the new

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With regards to Macaulay's determination to inspect physically the places mentioned in his

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encompasses only as far as the death of William III in 1702, who was succeeded by Anne.)

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Historical Perspectives. Studies in English thought and Society in Honour of J. H. Plumb

3234: 1222:" as part of Colonel Calverley's Act I patter song in the libretto of the 1881 operetta 784:

itself. This includes Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which remains the basis for

577:

Macaulay, who did not marry nor have children, was rumoured to have fallen in love with

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Speck, W. A., "Robert Southey, Lord Macaulay and the Standard of Living Controversy",

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has still to be superseded by a full-scale modern history of the period." In 1974

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Biographical index of former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002

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in June 1821, and where he in 1825 published a prominent essay on Milton in the

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was William, who, as Macaulay says, was certainly no Whig ... If this was

1088:, was prepared for publication by his sister, Lady Trevelyan, after his death. 752:, and to date many of these laws are still in effect in places as far apart as 6448: 6077: 5595: 5386: 5316: 5261: 5188: 4956: 4951: 4240: 3946: 3786: 3616: 3371: 3214: 1560: 1542: 1533: 1195: 1066: 765: 303: 3886:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 193–196. 3540: 2730: 2249:

The Interest: How the British Establishment Resisted The Abolition of Slavery

6895:

Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Edinburgh constituencies

6758: 6352: 5494: 5113: 4012: 4002: 3995: 3899: 3472: 2230: 1417: 1119: 1101:. This philosophy appears most clearly in the essays Macaulay wrote for the 868: 769: 1918: 1726: 1349:

has surpassed him in security of reputation and certainty of immortality".

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but added: "The severity and the minuteness of the criticism to which the

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Lord Acton (1919). Figgis, John Neville; Laurence, Reginald Vere (eds.).

1736: 1623: 1450: 1163: 1007: 777: 757: 753: 678: 487: 429:; 25 October 1800 – 28 December 1859) was a British historian, poet, and 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1643: 1639: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 542:

whilst he was in Malvern in 1851, when he says he was moved to tears by

37:"Baron Macaulay" redirects here. For the British Labour politician, see 5021: 3936: 3624: 2458: 1839: 1823: 1273: 912: 904: 773: 761: 499: 2337:"377: The British colonial law that left an anti-LGBTQ legacy in Asia" 1887:

further explains the interpretation of history that Macaulay espoused.

1111:; the most stirring passages in the work are those that describe the " 550:, before he took more interest in a political career. Macaulay in the 4026: 2663: 1827: 1697: 818: 657:

Macaulay recommended the introduction of the English language as the

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Critical Historical and Miscellaneous Essays with a Memoir and Index

1363:

stated that: "As is often the case, Macaulay had it exactly right."

740:

in 1860 was followed by the Criminal Procedure Code in 1872 and the

613:. Macaulay's maiden speech in Parliament advocated abolition of the 3964: 3532: 3288:

Lições de história : o caminho da ciência no longo século XIX

1862: 1849: 1819: 972:. As he had no children, his peerage became extinct on his death. 842: 823: 781: 592: 6865:

Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences

2029:"Babington, Thomas (1758–1837), of Rothley Temple, nr. Leicester" 871:

law. Macaulay's position, slightly modified, became the basis of

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Howard, Michael. "Historians Reconsidered : II Macaulay."

1513:, the protagonist was named 'Thomas Babington' after Macaulay. 1500:

is a sad testimonial to the cultural regression of our times".

1174:) as one "of the three greatest Liberals". In 1883, he advised 6980:

Whig (British political party) MPs for Scottish constituencies

3345:(1974). "The Revolution of 1688: Resistance and Contract". In 1677:

The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay(1860)

398: 6975:

Whig (British political party) MPs for English constituencies

2766:, Vol. V, title page and prefatory "Memoir of Lord Macaulay". 1062:

The History of England from the Accession of James the Second

958:

The History of England from the Accession of James the Second

415: 3635:(1980). "Thomas Babington Macaulay". In Cannon, John (ed.). 3236:

Hereditary Genius: an Inquiry Into Its Laws and Consequences

3159:

A Liberal Descent: Victorian Historians and the English Past

1787:; however Thomas Babington Macaulay was not related to this 851:

Returning to Britain in 1838, he became MP again in Britain

1441:... is not simply partisan; a judgement, like that of 1059:

During the 1840s, Macaulay undertook his most famous work,

450:, which expressed his contention of the superiority of the 421: 406: 392: 3331:

Marriage and Morals Among The Victorians. And other Essays

1076:

The third and fourth volumes, bringing the history to the

4019:– memorial statue, antechapel, Trinity College, Cambridge 3804:

Sir John Malcolm and the Creation of British India, Ch. 6

3451:

Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1941) . Grieve, A. J. (ed.).

1283:, Professor and Head of the Department of History at the 389: 383: 3942:

contributions in Parliament by Thomas Babington Macaulay

2362:

Think it Over: Macaulay and India's rootless generations

936:

The Funeral of Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron Macaulay

712:

necessary before any reform of vernacular education. He

6890:

Members of the Council of the Governor General of India

3737:

Thomas Babington Macaulay: The Shaping of the Historian

3412:

Winston Churchill: the struggle for survival, 1940–1965

3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 2235:

Critical, Historical and Miscellaneous Essays, Volume 6

1304:

Much of the success of the famous third chapter of the

867:

the same year. In 1841 Macaulay addressed the issue of

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at all. He was, instead, descended from the unrelated

1656:. Vol. V. and VI. Mason, Baker & Pratt. 1873. 1559:. Philadelphia: Porter & Coates. 1848 – via 1534:

Works by Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

44:"Thomas Macaulay" redirects here. For other uses, see 6905:

Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria

3203:

Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development

2251:. Penguin Random House (Paperback). pp. 107–116. 1895: 1554:

The History of England from the Accession of James II

1520:

argued for the pre-eminence of Macaulay as a British

412: 6910:

People associated with the National Portrait Gallery

2702:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 251. 1402:

What is in fact striking is the extent to which his

736:, Macaulay's criminal law proposal was enacted. The 644:

to accept an appointment as first Law Member of the

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The English Cyclopaedia : Biography; Volume IV

2731:"Thomas Babington Macaulay, Lord Macaulay Horatius" 1958:MacKenzie, John (January 2013), "A family empire", 1799:

but usually made from ignorance rather than deceit.

1272:, who is writing a life of the late Lord Derby for 409: 403: 377: 330: 322: 314: 302: 288: 278: 261: 241: 236: 220: 208: 196: 186: 168: 156: 144: 132: 122: 104: 55: 6900:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 3873:"Macaulay, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron" 3687: 3156: 1673:(Maynard, Merrill, & Company, 1892, 110 pages) 1308:which may be said to have introduced the study of 1246:(1931) attacked Whig history. The Dutch historian 640:, from which he resigned after the passing of the 3665:Watt, Carey Anthony; Mann, Michael, eds. (2011). 1650:"Social and Industrial Capacities of the Negroes" 1496:Himmelfarb also laments that "the history of the 554:in 1827, and in a series of anonymous letters to 2522: 2520: 1727:Lays of Ancient Rome (Complete) at Poets' Corner 2227:Social and Industrial Capacities of the Negroes 1953: 1951: 1830:surmounted by as many barrulets compony Or and 1663:Lays of Ancient Rome: With Ivry, and The Armada 1489: 1439: 1400: 1387: 1375: 1302: 1289: 1267: 1204: 1180: 1017: 960:incomplete. On 9 January 1860 he was buried in 506:. They named their first child after his uncle 6915:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class) 1710:The Letters of Thomas Babington Macaulay(1881) 5037: 4410: 3773:Hall, Catherine (2009). "Macaulay's Nation". 3366:. London: Bradbury Evans & Co. p. 8. 807:has been used by Dalitists, in particular by 526:, where he won several prizes, including the 349:Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay 8: 3187:. Vol. 1. London: Geo. Harrap & Co. 2186: 2184: 2182: 2123:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 605:that he become Member of Parliament for the 601:Macaulay in 1830 accepted the invitation of 456:inevitability of its sociopolitical progress 27:British historian and politician (1800–1859) 6830:Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom 3956:Works by or about Thomas Babington Macaulay 3724:(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979). 2317:. Columbia university and Project Gutenberg 1671:William Pitt, Earl of Chatham: Second Essay 1254:as "exclusively and intolerantly English". 118:27 September 1839 – 30 August 1841 5044: 5030: 5022: 4417: 4403: 4395: 4031: 3919: 3194:Recollections by a sister of T.B. Macaulay 3123:The Decline And Fall Of The British Empire 3057: 3045: 2883: 2859: 1759: 1754:Coat of arms of Thomas Babington Macaulay 1752: 83: 52: 2799: 2660:Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey 1891:Samuel Rogers#Middle life and friendships 1716:The Journals of Thomas Babington Macaulay 1250:, writing in 1955, considered Macaulay's 839:Return to British public life (1838–1857) 39:Donald Macaulay, Baron Macaulay of Bragar 4426:Paymasters General of the United Kingdom 3833:The Art and Science of Victorian History 3491:"Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1800–1859)" 3478:Capital: A Critique of Political Economy 3454:Critical and Historical Essays. Volume 1 2775: 2763: 2751: 2683: 2372: 2273: 2173: 2161: 2077: 1980:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. 2006. 1369:wrote in 1980, that a reason Macaulay's 1218:described Macaulay's wit, "who wrote of 1039:His essays, originally published in the 930: 621:subsequent to the 1833 enactment of the 615:civil disabilities of the Jews in the UK 3843:Macaulay: Britain's Liberal Imperialist 3551:Letters of Lord Acton to Mary Gladstone 3069: 2955: 2943: 2396: 2384: 2261: 2120:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2091:"Macaulay, Thomas Babington (FML817TB)" 1947: 1902: 991:As a young man he composed the ballads 518:He was educated at a private school in 3913:Portraits of Thomas Babington Macaulay 3033: 2967: 2931: 2919: 2907: 2895: 2433:"Macaulay's speeches on copyright law" 2427: 2425: 2149: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2065: 1753: 1547:originally published in the year 1842. 1325:is incomprehensible without Scotland. 30:For another person with the name, see 4009:– burial at Westminster Abbey, London 3985:Lord Macaulay's Habit of Exaggeration 3927:Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800–1859) 3859:The Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay 3828:(May 1951) 1#5 pp. 56–61 online. 3100: 3081: 3021: 3006: 2994: 2979: 2297: 2285: 2053: 1722:Macaulay index entry at Poets' Corner 1666:. Longmans, Green, and Company. 1881. 999:, which he later included as part of 7: 6920:Rectors of the University of Glasgow 6825:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge 3769:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 3460:. London: J. M. Dent. Archived from 2871: 2847: 2835: 2823: 2811: 2787: 2004:. Josephsmithacademy. Archived from 1632:Critical and Historical Essays(1843) 1261:, doctor to the Prime Minister, Sir 1015:. It contains the oft-quoted lines: 786:laws which criminalize homosexuality 748:inspired counterparts in most other 4349:Rector of the University of Glasgow 3980:books by Macauly at Readanybook.com 3862:. Vol. 1. Harper and Brothers. 3639:. London: George Allen & Unwin. 3566:. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 3360:"Macaulay, Rt Hon Thomas Babington" 3329:(1986). "Who Now Reads Macaulay?". 1718:, 5 vols, edited by William Thomas. 893:Rector of the University of Glasgow 855:in the following year. He was made 797:attitudes influenced by colonialism 564:Macaulay's evangelical Whig father 32:Thomas Babington Macaulay (Nigeria) 6870:English people of Scottish descent 3965:Works by Thomas Babington Macaulay 3947:Works by Thomas Babington Macaulay 3603:(1938). "Bentinck and Education". 3499:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism 2562:. 11 September 1857. p. 3075. 2233:Review, March 1827), collected in 2035:. Institute of Historical Research 1733:Works by Thomas Babington Macaulay 1712:, 6 vols, edited by Thomas Pinney. 1379:The Whig Interpretation of History 1244:The Whig Interpretation of History 437:between 1839 and 1841, and as the 25: 6925:Theorists on Western civilization 4263:Secretary to the Board of Control 3917:National Portrait Gallery, London 3282:Gonçalves, Sérgio Campos (2010). 1729:with an introduction by Bob Blair 1466:were removed by legislation. The 669:to reform secondary education on 638:the unremunerated office of an MP 630:Secretary to the Board of Control 182:7 July 1846 – 8 May 1848 6960:UK MPs who were granted peerages 6820:19th-century English politicians 5010: 4036:Parliament of the United Kingdom 3972: 3475:(1906). Friedrich Engels (ed.). 2264:: see entry for 22 November 1831 1929: 1917: 1905: 1740: 373: 334: 46:Thomas Macaulay (disambiguation) 6810:19th-century English historians 3290:. Rio de Janeiro: Editora FGV. 3184:Marlborough: His Life and Times 2418:. 1 October 1839. p. 1841. 1460:civil disabilities of Catholics 478:on 25 October 1800, the son of 462:commended for its prose style. 3647:Macaulay: The Tragedy of Power 3163:. Cambridge University Press. 1783:allude to the heraldry of the 1202:In 1885, Acton asserted that: 1127:of any responsibility for the 1099:Whig interpretation of history 1048:Critical and Historical Essays 1034:And the temples of his gods?" 1020:Then out spake brave Horatius, 581:, who was the wealthy ward of 1: 4367:Peerage of the United Kingdom 3765:Edwards, Owen Dudley (1988). 3750:Cruikshank, Margaret (1978). 3433:Liberalism: A Counter-history 3398:Historical Essays and Studies 3358:Knight, Charles, ed. (1867). 3286:. In Jurandir Malerba (ed.). 2033:History of Parliament on-line 1032:For the ashes of his fathers, 1024:"To every man upon this earth 847:Macaulay by Sir Francis Grant 6875:Fellows of the Royal Society 6860:Burials at Westminster Abbey 3739:London: Secker and Warburg. 3735:Clive, John Leonard (1973). 3694:. Rowman & Littlefield. 3650:. Harvard University Press. 3605:Cambridge Historical Journal 3585:10.1080/0144039X.2012.668300 3380:. Harvard University Press. 2503:"Biography of Lord Macaulay" 2205:10.1080/0144039X.2012.668300 2137:UK public library membership 2002:"Thomas Babbington Macaulay" 1842:engrailed also of the third. 642:Government of India Act 1833 583:Richard 'Conversation' Sharp 6845:British liberal politicians 3991:Macaulay's Minute revisited 3971:(public domain audiobooks) 3644:Sullivan, Robert E (2010). 3548:Paul, Herbert, ed. (1904). 3481:. New York: Modern Library. 3284:"Thomas Babington Macaulay" 2696:Sullivan, Robert E (2009). 2574:"Thomas Babington Macaulay" 2225:Thomas Babington Macaulay, 2095:A Cambridge Alumni Database 1739:(public domain audiobooks) 7001: 6855:British white supremacists 6815:19th-century English poets 3854:Trevelyan, Sir George Otto 3515:10.4135/9781412965811.n185 3430:Losurdo, Domenico (2014). 3192:Cropper, Margaret (1864). 2097:. University of Cambridge. 1028:And how can man die better 1026:Death cometh soon or late. 1011:, concerns the heroism of 919:, but seldom attended the 651:Minute on Indian Education 646:Governor-General's Council 597:Macaulay by John Partridge 524:Trinity College, Cambridge 458:, is a seminal example of 309:Trinity College, Cambridge 43: 36: 29: 18:Thomas Babbington Macaulay 5059: 5008: 4432: 4377: 4372: 4365: 4355: 4346: 4338: 4333: 4323: 4314: 4306: 4296: 4287: 4279: 4269: 4260: 4252: 4247: 4233: 4207: 4195: 4181: 4149: 4137: 4123: 4097: 4092: 4082: 4053: 4041: 4034: 4023:Thomas Babington Macaulay 4013:Thomas Babington Macaulay 4003:Thomas Babington Macaulay 3802:Harrington, Jack (2010). 3787:10.2979/vic.2009.51.3.505 3752:Thomas Babington Macaulay 3732:, old, popular biography. 3686:Western, John R. (1972). 3617:10.1017/S1474691300003814 3311:. Yale University Press. 3215:10.1080/01434630208666469 3110:General and cited sources 2607:National Portrait Gallery 2576:. Clanmacfarlanegenealogy 2532:The Sydney Morning Herald 1265:, recorded in his diary: 1232:write of Queen Anne; the 1030:Than facing fearful odds, 951:National Portrait Gallery 829:governor-general of India 603:the Marquess of Lansdowne 562:Colonel Thomas Moody, Kt. 342: 232: 175: 111: 100: 82: 6885:Macaulay family of Lewis 4359:Sir Archibald Alison, Bt 2629:"Death of Lord Macaulay" 2343:. BBC News. 28 June 2021 2247:Taylor, Michael (2020). 1022:The Captain of the Gate: 977:Sir George Trevelyan, Bt 522:, and, subsequently, at 452:Western European culture 4072:Sir James Macdonald, Bt 4049:Sir James Macdonald, Bt 3900:10.1111/1468-229x.00201 3883:Encyclopædia Britannica 3841:Masani, Zareer (2013). 3690:Monarchy and revolution 3573:Slavery & Abolition 3554:. London: George Allen. 3250:Debates with Historians 3141:Burke, Bernard (1864). 2193:Slavery & Abolition 1785:MacAulays of Ardincaple 1433:argued that Macaulay's 1285:University of Sheffield 574:, Moody's contentions. 528:Chancellor's Gold Medal 441:between 1846 and 1848. 3147:. Harrison & sons. 2129:10.1093/ref:odnb/17349 1636:Alexander James Grieve 1494: 1481: 1427: 1395: 1383: 1327: 1294: 1278: 1209: 1200: 1154:The Liberal historian 1037: 942: 927:Later life (1857–1859) 848: 723: 709: 696: 598: 447:The History of England 139:The Viscount Melbourne 6880:Historians of England 6835:British abolitionists 5824:Moeller van den Bruck 4145:Hon. James Abercromby 4045:Hon. James Abercromby 3637:The Historian at Work 3501:. Thousand Oaks, CA: 3305:Hill, Roland (2011). 1865:: "danger is sweet"). 1797:Peter Drummond-Murray 1318:relief of Londonderry 1281:George Richard Potter 1150:Legacy as a historian 1137:four-volume biography 1084:down to the death of 947:Palace of Westminster 934: 863:and was sworn of the 846: 734:Indian Mutiny of 1857 718: 704: 691: 663:Lord William Bentinck 596: 571:Anti-Slavery Reporter 557:The Morning Chronicle 470:Macaulay was born at 5362:Geoffrey of Monmouth 5129:von Kuehnelt-Leddihn 5053:Historians of Europe 4256:Thomas Hyde Villiers 4210:Member of Parliament 4203:William Gibson-Craig 4189:William Gibson-Craig 4176:William Gibson-Craig 4152:Member of Parliament 4100:Member of Parliament 4056:Member of Parliament 3993:, Ramachandra Guha, 3401:. London: Macmillan. 3377:Incest and Influence 3327:Himmelfarb, Gertrude 3239:. London: Macmillan. 2970:, p. 47, n. 14. 2483:. Glasgow university 2373:Watt & Mann 2011 2237:(1860), pp. 361–404. 1960:BBC History Magazine 1834:between two buckles 1634:, 2 vols, edited by 1544:Lays of Ancient Rome 1385:According to Speck: 1312:, and even ... 1257:On 7 February 1954, 1045:, were collected as 1002:Lays of Ancient Rome 968:, near a statue of 790:Commonwealth nations 742:Civil Procedure Code 502:, a former pupil of 433:, who served as the 58:The Right Honourable 6507:Mintalová-Zubercová 4310:Hon. Bingham Baring 4077:Charles Richard Fox 3987:, JamesBoswell.info 3931:Columbia University 3473:Marx, Karl Heinrich 3084:, pp. 309–310. 2886:, pp. 553–554. 2596:"From the Director" 2439:on 24 December 2016 2399:, pp. 250–251. 1805:Upon a rock a boot 1755: 1704:Niccolò Machiavelli 1485:Gertrude Himmelfarb 1409:Glorious Revolution 1240:Herbert Butterfield 1141:Duke of Marlborough 1113:Glorious Revolution 975:Macaulay's nephew, 917:County of Leicester 897:freedom of the city 884:'s administration. 812:Chandra Bhan Prasad 215:Hon. Bingham Baring 6850:British male poets 5834:Mommsen (Wolfgang) 4327:The Earl Granville 4300:Sir Henry Hardinge 4248:Political offices 3929:, Fran Pritchett, 3894:86 (2001) 467–477 3808:Palgrave Macmillan 3754:. Boston: Twayne. 3415:. London: Sphere. 3179:Churchill, Winston 2634:The New York Times 2559:The London Gazette 2415:The London Gazette 2300:, pp. 78–101. 1861:(translation from 1793:Macaulays of Lewis 1435:History of England 1404:History of England 1391:History of England 1371:History of England 1357:History of England 1335:History of England 1160:History of England 943: 849: 805:civilising mission 675:East India Company 599: 227:The Earl Granville 163:Sir Henry Hardinge 6840:British Anglicans 6787: 6786: 6558:Altamira y Crevea 5515:Klaić (Vjekoslav) 5019: 5018: 4482:Pleydell-Bouverie 4393: 4392: 4356:Succeeded by 4334:Academic offices 4324:Succeeded by 4317:Paymaster General 4297:Succeeded by 4270:Succeeded by 4234:Succeeded by 4182:Succeeded by 4171:Sir John Campbell 4141:Sir John Campbell 4124:Succeeded by 4086:The Earl of Kerry 4083:Succeeded by 3999:, 4 February 2007 3951:Project Gutenberg 3775:Victorian Studies 3353:. London: Europa. 2637:. 17 January 1960 2135:(Subscription or 1880:Philosophic Whigs 1871: 1870: 1615:Project Gutenberg 1538:Project Gutenberg 1522:classical liberal 1263:Winston Churchill 1133:Winston Churchill 1092:Political writing 962:Westminster Abbey 882:Lord John Russell 878:Paymaster General 746:Indian Penal Code 738:Indian Penal Code 677:taught either in 659:official language 589:India (1834–1838) 548:called to the bar 488:colonial governor 439:Paymaster General 346: 345: 203:Lord John Russell 170:Paymaster General 62:The Lord Macaulay 16:(Redirected from 6992: 6955:UK MPs 1852–1857 6950:UK MPs 1841–1847 6945:UK MPs 1837–1841 6940:UK MPs 1832–1835 6935:UK MPs 1831–1832 6930:UK MPs 1830–1831 6643:Ribera y Tarragó 6172:Oliveira Marques 5222:de Schaepdrijver 5046: 5039: 5032: 5023: 5014: 5013: 4419: 4412: 4405: 4396: 4339:Preceded by 4307:Preceded by 4290:Secretary at War 4280:Preceded by 4253:Preceded by 4196:Preceded by 4138:Preceded by 4094:New constituency 4042:Preceded by 4032: 3976: 3975: 3960:Internet Archive 3923: 3887: 3875: 3863: 3821: 3798: 3705: 3693: 3682: 3671:. Anthem Press. 3661: 3640: 3628: 3596: 3567: 3555: 3544: 3482: 3468: 3466: 3459: 3447: 3426: 3402: 3391: 3367: 3354: 3347:McKendrick, Neil 3338: 3322: 3301: 3278: 3259:Goldman, William 3254: 3240: 3226: 3197: 3188: 3174: 3162: 3148: 3137: 3126:. Random House. 3104: 3098: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2600: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2550: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2524: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2435:. 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A. 2026: 2025: 2021: 2011: 2009: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1988: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1966: 1957: 1956: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1930: 1928: 1916: 1906: 1904: 1896: 1876: 1859:Dulce periculum 1838:of the third a 1809:thereon a spur 1751: 1741: 1660: 1648: 1593:5 vols (1848): 1567:5 vols (1848): 1550: 1530: 1511:film adaptation 1323:English history 1300:, Potter said: 1152: 1146: 1094: 1057: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1013:Horatius Cocles 989: 981:G. M. Trevelyan 929: 841: 832:Warren Hastings 623:Reform Act 1832 591: 486:, who became a 468: 431:Whig politician 402: 376: 372: 363: 356: 352: 326:Historian, poet 295: 279:Political party 270: 266: 253: 252:25 October 1800 247: 245: 221: 209: 197: 181: 176: 157: 151:Viscount Howick 145: 133: 117: 112: 96: 94:Antoine Claudet 92:of Macaulay by 78: 65: 63: 60: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6998: 6996: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6792: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6755: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6744: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6662: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6554: 6552: 6546: 6545: 6543: 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Treitschke 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5829:Mommsen (Hans) 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5710: 5708: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5688: 5686:de Tocqueville 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5587: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5559: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5491: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5283: 5281: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5252:Kreševljaković 5249: 5244: 5238: 5236: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5224: 5219: 5213: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5051: 5049: 5048: 5041: 5034: 5026: 5017: 5016: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5004: 5002:Thomas-Symonds 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4812:Boyd-Carpenter 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4662:Boyd-Carpenter 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4433: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4422: 4421: 4414: 4407: 4399: 4391: 4390: 4385: 4380:Baron Macaulay 4376: 4370: 4369: 4363: 4362: 4357: 4354: 4345: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4331: 4330: 4325: 4322: 4313: 4308: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4295: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4268: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4244: 4235: 4232: 4206: 4197: 4193: 4192: 4183: 4180: 4148: 4139: 4135: 4134: 4125: 4122: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4084: 4081: 4052: 4043: 4039: 4038: 4030: 4029: 4020: 4010: 4000: 3988: 3982: 3977: 3962: 3953: 3944: 3933: 3924: 3908: 3907:External links 3905: 3903: 3902: 3888: 3878:Chisholm, Hugh 3868:Pattison, Mark 3864: 3850: 3839: 3829: 3822: 3817:978-0230108851 3816: 3799: 3781:(3): 505–523. 3770: 3763: 3748: 3733: 3718:Bryant, Arthur 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3706: 3701:978-0874710663 3700: 3683: 3678:978-1843318644 3677: 3662: 3657:978-0674054691 3656: 3641: 3629: 3597: 3579:(3): 435–455. 3568: 3556: 3545: 3524:978-1412965804 3523: 3507:Cato Institute 3495:Hamowy, Ronald 3483: 3469: 3448: 3443:978-1781681664 3442: 3427: 3422:978-0722162231 3421: 3403: 3392: 3387:978-0674035898 3386: 3368: 3355: 3339: 3323: 3318:978-0300181272 3317: 3302: 3297:978-8574309996 3296: 3279: 3274:978-0440053279 3273: 3255: 3241: 3227: 3209:(4): 260–281. 3198: 3189: 3175: 3170:978-0521274821 3169: 3149: 3138: 3133:978-1409077961 3132: 3118:Brendon, Piers 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3105: 3103:, p. 635. 3086: 3074: 3062: 3060:, p. 165. 3050: 3048:, p. 163. 3038: 3026: 3011: 2999: 2984: 2972: 2960: 2958:, p. 403. 2948: 2946:, p. 126. 2936: 2924: 2912: 2900: 2888: 2876: 2864: 2862:, p. 482. 2852: 2850:, p. 210. 2840: 2838:, p. 173. 2828: 2816: 2804: 2800:Churchill 1947 2792: 2780: 2768: 2756: 2744: 2722: 2709:978-0674054691 2708: 2688: 2676: 2656:Stanley, A. P. 2648: 2620: 2587: 2565: 2545: 2516: 2494: 2472: 2450: 2421: 2401: 2389: 2387:, p. 250. 2377: 2365: 2354: 2328: 2302: 2290: 2288:, p. 260. 2278: 2276:, p. 466. 2266: 2254: 2239: 2218: 2199:(3): 435–455. 2178: 2176:, p. 193. 2166: 2154: 2142: 2100: 2082: 2070: 2058: 2056:, p. 146. 2046: 2019: 2008:on 12 May 2018 1993: 1986: 1964: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1938: 1936:United Kingdom 1926: 1914: 1894: 1893: 1888: 1882: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1856: 1853: 1846: 1843: 1822:two arrows in 1817: 1814: 1803: 1800: 1769: 1764: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1730: 1724: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1695: 1674: 1668: 1658: 1646: 1629: 1628: 1627: 1617: 1591: 1548: 1540: 1529: 1526: 1310:social history 1176:Mary Gladstone 1151: 1148: 1093: 1090: 1056: 1053: 1018: 988: 987:Literary works 985: 928: 925: 921:House of Lords 909:Baron Macaulay 861:Lord Melbourne 840: 837: 809:neo-liberalist 607:pocket borough 590: 587: 579:Maria Kinnaird 512:Leicestershire 476:Leicestershire 472:Rothley Temple 467: 464: 344: 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6752: 6748: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6711:von Pufendorf 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6655: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6547: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6519: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6482: 6480: 6476: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6408: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 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4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4431: 4427: 4420: 4415: 4413: 4408: 4406: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4389: 4386: 4382: 4381: 4375: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4351: 4350: 4343: 4337: 4332: 4328: 4319: 4318: 4311: 4305: 4301: 4292: 4291: 4284: 4278: 4274: 4273:Robert Gordon 4265: 4264: 4257: 4251: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4237:Charles Cowan 4231: 4230: 4229:Charles Cowan 4224: 4220: 4216: 4215: 4211: 4204: 4200: 4199:Charles Cowan 4194: 4190: 4186: 4185:Charles Cowan 4179: 4177: 4172: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4157: 4153: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4132: 4131:Edward Baines 4128: 4127:John Marshall 4121: 4120: 4119:John Marshall 4114: 4110: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4095: 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R. 3557: 3553: 3552: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3487:Olson, Walter 3484: 3480: 3479: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3456: 3455: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3428: 3424: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3343:Kenyon, J. P. 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3303: 3299: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3280: 3276: 3270: 3266: 3265: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3251: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3161: 3160: 3154: 3153:Burrow, J. W. 3150: 3146: 3145: 3139: 3135: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3102: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3075: 3072:, p. 20. 3071: 3066: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3027: 3024:, p. 67. 3023: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3009:, p. 65. 3008: 3003: 3000: 2997:, p. 64. 2996: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2982:, p. 57. 2981: 2976: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2961: 2957: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2940: 2937: 2934:, p. 35. 2933: 2928: 2925: 2922:, p. 29. 2921: 2916: 2913: 2910:, p. 25. 2909: 2904: 2901: 2898:, p. 10. 2897: 2892: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2877: 2874:, p. 30. 2873: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2829: 2826:, p. 57. 2825: 2820: 2817: 2814:, p. 25. 2813: 2808: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2776:Macaulay 1848 2772: 2769: 2765: 2764:Macaulay 1848 2760: 2757: 2753: 2752:Macaulay 1941 2748: 2745: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2711: 2705: 2701: 2700: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2684:Macaulay 1881 2680: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2649: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2609:. Spring 2006 2608: 2604: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2575: 2569: 2566: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2549: 2546: 2533: 2529: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2482: 2476: 2473: 2460: 2454: 2451: 2438: 2434: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2417: 2416: 2411: 2405: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2378: 2375:, p. 23. 2374: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2358: 2355: 2342: 2341:www.bbc.co.uk 2338: 2332: 2329: 2316: 2312: 2306: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2279: 2275: 2274:Sullivan 2010 2270: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2255: 2250: 2243: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2222: 2219: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2174:Pattison 1911 2170: 2167: 2163: 2162:Sullivan 2010 2158: 2155: 2152:, p. 23. 2151: 2146: 2143: 2138: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2121: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2086: 2083: 2080:, p. 21. 2079: 2078:Sullivan 2010 2074: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2047: 2034: 2030: 2023: 2020: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1989: 1983: 1976: 1975: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1954: 1952: 1948: 1942: 1937: 1927: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1913: 1903: 1899: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1873: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1757: 1748: 1738: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1503:In the novel 1501: 1499: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1386: 1382: 1380: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1353:Piers Brendon 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1326: 1324: 1319: 1315: 1314:local history 1311: 1307: 1301: 1299: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1217: 1216:W. S. Gilbert 1213: 1208: 1203: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1091: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1054: 1052: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1043: 1035: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1009: 1004: 1003: 998: 994: 986: 984: 982: 978: 973: 971: 967: 966:Poets' Corner 963: 959: 954: 952: 948: 941: 940:George Scharf 937: 933: 926: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 900: 898: 894: 890: 885: 883: 879: 874: 873:copyright law 870: 866: 865:Privy Council 862: 858: 854: 845: 838: 836: 833: 830: 826: 825: 820: 815: 813: 810: 806: 802: 798: 793: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 744:in 1908. The 743: 739: 735: 730: 728: 727:La Martinière 722: 717: 715: 708: 703: 701: 695: 690: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 655: 653: 652: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 628:Macaulay was 626: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 595: 588: 586: 584: 580: 575: 573: 572: 567: 563: 559: 558: 553: 549: 545: 541: 540: 535: 534: 529: 525: 521: 520:Hertfordshire 516: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 482:, a Scottish 481: 477: 473: 465: 463: 461: 457: 453: 449: 448: 442: 440: 436: 432: 426: 369: 362: 355: 350: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 310: 307: 305: 301: 298: 294: 291: 287: 284: 281: 277: 273: 264: 260: 256: 244: 240: 235: 231: 228: 225: 219: 216: 213: 207: 204: 201: 195: 192: 189: 185: 179: 174: 171: 167: 164: 161: 155: 152: 149: 143: 140: 137: 131: 128: 125: 121: 115: 110: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 86: 81: 76: 72: 68: 59: 54: 51: 47: 40: 33: 19: 6985:Whig history 6343:Solzhenitsyn 6210:Kogalniceanu 5889:Trevor-Roper 5804:Langewiesche 5510:Klaić (Nada) 5472:Trevor-Roper 5411: 4821: 4786: 4751: 4731: 4721: 4691: 4671: 4646: 4456: 4387: 4378: 4374:New creation 4373: 4347: 4342:William Mure 4315: 4288: 4261: 4227: 4208: 4169: 4150: 4117: 4098: 4093: 4070: 4054: 4017:Find a Grave 4007:Find a Grave 3994: 3935: 3891: 3881: 3858: 3842: 3832: 3825: 3806:. New York: 3803: 3778: 3774: 3766: 3751: 3736: 3721: 3689: 3667: 3646: 3636: 3633:Speck, W. A. 3608: 3604: 3576: 3572: 3563: 3550: 3498: 3477: 3462:the original 3453: 3432: 3411: 3397: 3376: 3363: 3350: 3330: 3307: 3287: 3264:Marathon Man 3263: 3249: 3245:Geyl, Pieter 3235: 3206: 3202: 3193: 3183: 3158: 3143: 3122: 3077: 3070:Goldman 1974 3065: 3053: 3041: 3029: 3002: 2975: 2963: 2956:Western 1972 2951: 2944:Brendon 2010 2939: 2927: 2915: 2903: 2891: 2879: 2867: 2855: 2843: 2831: 2819: 2807: 2795: 2783: 2771: 2759: 2754:, p. x. 2747: 2735:. Retrieved 2725: 2713:. Retrieved 2698: 2691: 2679: 2659: 2651: 2639:. Retrieved 2632: 2623: 2611:. Retrieved 2603:Face to Face 2602: 2590: 2578:. Retrieved 2568: 2557: 2548: 2536:. Retrieved 2531: 2507:. Retrieved 2497: 2485:. Retrieved 2481:"The Rector" 2475: 2463:. Retrieved 2453: 2441:. Retrieved 2437:the original 2413: 2404: 2397:Losurdo 2014 2392: 2385:Losurdo 2014 2380: 2368: 2357: 2345:. Retrieved 2340: 2331: 2321:21 September 2319:. Retrieved 2314: 2305: 2293: 2281: 2269: 2262:Cropper 1864 2257: 2248: 2242: 2234: 2226: 2221: 2196: 2192: 2169: 2164:, p. 9. 2157: 2145: 2118: 2094: 2085: 2073: 2068:, p. 8. 2061: 2049: 2037:. Retrieved 2032: 2022: 2010:. Retrieved 2006:the original 1996: 1973: 1967: 1959: 1885:Whig history 1858: 1715: 1709: 1698: 1676: 1670: 1662: 1653: 1631: 1553: 1543: 1518:Walter Olson 1515: 1506:Marathon Man 1504: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1490: 1482: 1467: 1446: 1440: 1434: 1431:J. W. Burrow 1428: 1403: 1401: 1396: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1378: 1376: 1370: 1365: 1361:J. P. Kenyon 1356: 1351: 1334: 1330: 1328: 1305: 1303: 1297: 1295: 1290: 1279: 1268: 1256: 1251: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1223: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1191: 1181: 1159: 1153: 1145: 1117: 1108: 1102: 1095: 1081: 1075: 1060: 1058: 1046: 1040: 1038: 1019: 1006: 1000: 996: 992: 990: 974: 957: 955: 944: 935: 908: 901: 886: 850: 822: 821:confronting 816: 794: 731: 724: 719: 710: 705: 697: 692: 656: 650: 627: 600: 576: 569: 555: 551: 537: 531: 517: 496:Selina Mills 492:abolitionist 469: 460:Whig history 445: 443: 348: 347: 297:Selina Mills 267:(1859-12-28) 222:Succeeded by 177: 158:Succeeded by 113: 90:Photogravure 50: 6805:1859 deaths 6800:1800 births 6273:Fitzpatrick 6093:Netherlands 5322:Butterfield 5234:Herzegovina 4652:Chamberlain 4602:Marlborough 4592:Seale-Hayne 4492:Donoughmore 3940:1803–2005: 3847:Bodley Head 3837:online free 3372:Kuper, Adam 3253:. Meridian. 3034:Burrow 1983 2968:Kenyon 1974 2932:Potter 1959 2920:Potter 1959 2908:Potter 1959 2896:Potter 1959 2715:16 December 2668:John Murray 2554:"No. 22039" 2505:. Sacklunch 2410:"No. 19774" 2150:Galton 1869 2066:Knight 1867 2039:3 September 1699:Machiavelli 1620:volumes 1–3 1455:Butterfield 1367:W. A. Speck 1248:Pieter Geyl 1125:William III 1115:" of 1688. 1086:William III 880:in 1846 in 859:in 1839 by 801:Macaulayism 788:in several 698:He further 671:utilitarian 665:, the then- 504:Hannah More 454:and of the 444:Macaulay's 210:Preceded by 146:Preceded by 6970:War Office 6794:Categories 6779:Tomasevich 6751:Yugoslavia 6540:Verginella 6530:Grafenauer 6401:Stanojević 6220:Tismaneanu 5779:Hirschfeld 5769:Hillgruber 5764:Hildebrand 5377:Himmelfarb 5232:Bosnia and 5189:Thucydides 5094:Eisenstein 5079:Burckhardt 4827:Shackleton 4677:Sutherland 4472:Colchester 4447:Knatchbull 4384:1857–1859 4353:1848–1850 4321:1846–1848 4294:1839–1841 4267:1832–1833 4241:Adam Black 4178:from 1841 4079:1831–1832 3845:. London: 3760:0805766863 3745:043610220X 3730:0297775502 3533:2008009151 3407:Lord Moran 3333:. London: 3308:Lord Acton 3101:Burke 1864 3082:Olson 2008 3022:Speck 1980 3007:Speck 1980 2995:Speck 1980 2980:Speck 1980 2737:23 October 2674:), p. 222. 2641:25 October 2613:25 October 2580:25 October 2538:1 November 2509:1 November 2487:1 November 2465:1 November 2461:. Bartleby 2443:8 December 2298:Spear 1938 2286:Evans 2002 2139:required.) 2054:Kuper 2009 2012:10 October 1987:090219884X 1845:Supporters 1816:Escutcheon 1561:Wikisource 1464:Dissenters 1259:Lord Moran 1220:Queen Anne 1156:Lord Acton 1135:devoted a 1071:Queen Anne 1067:George III 997:The Armada 766:Bangladesh 484:Highlander 466:Early life 323:Profession 318:Politician 315:Occupation 304:Alma mater 248:1800-10-25 6598:Florencio 6573:Bennassar 6396:Novaković 6391:Mihaljčić 6308:Khlevniuk 6243:Applebaum 6139:Jasienica 6045:Salvemini 6020:De Felice 5972:O'Donovan 5962:Machtheni 5914:Zitelmann 5904:Wolffsohn 5676:Sternhell 5591:Bainville 5545:Vitezović 5540:Smičiklas 5467:Trevelyan 5302:Armstrong 5267:Mesihović 5164:von Ranke 4952:B. Gummer 4932:Primarolo 4892:Caithness 4887:P. Brooke 4877:J. Gummer 4872:Parkinson 4847:Macmillan 4807:H. Brooke 4772:Macdonald 4757:Greenwood 4727:Cranborne 4717:Winterton 4707:Hutchison 4702:Rochester 4632:Henderson 4572:Beauchamp 4562:Beauchamp 4557:Wolverton 4462:Granville 4214:Edinburgh 4156:Edinburgh 3996:The Hindu 3795:145678995 3593:144301729 3541:750831024 3436:. Verso. 3223:144856725 2872:Geyl 1958 2848:Paul 1904 2836:Paul 1904 2824:Paul 1904 2812:Hill 2011 2788:Marx 1906 2231:Edinburgh 2213:144301729 1943:Citations 1912:Biography 1679:, 4 vols 1516:In 2008, 1483:In 1982, 1429:In 1981, 1422:Hiroshima 1418:Auschwitz 1343:Trevelyan 1339:Clarendon 1172:Gladstone 1120:Karl Marx 1073:in 1714. 1055:Historian 1051:in 1843. 938:, by Sir 869:copyright 853:Edinburgh 770:Sri Lanka 634:Lord Grey 331:Signature 289:Parent(s) 274:, England 257:, England 178:In office 114:In office 6774:Schwartz 6769:Jelavich 6726:Robinson 6701:Lönnroth 6686:Harrison 6681:Grimberg 6522:Slovenia 6502:Marusiak 6479:Slovakia 6429:Buchanan 6411:Scotland 6381:Ćirković 6318:Medvedev 6298:Karamzin 6278:Grimsted 6253:Conquest 6154:Portugal 6035:Ginzburg 6030:Ginsborg 6005:Bosworth 5977:Tírechán 5942:Cléirigh 5909:de Zayas 5859:Rothfels 5819:Meinecke 5666:Renouvin 5651:Mousnier 5646:Michelet 5563:Borodkin 5477:Wedgwood 5462:Thompson 5417:Marshall 5412:Macaulay 5382:Hobsbawm 5367:Hastings 5357:Gardiner 5342:Ferguson 5297:Anderson 5247:Knežević 5199:Zamoyski 5179:Spengler 5159:Polybius 5104:Hobsbawm 5069:Blanning 4972:Mordaunt 4942:F. Maude 4927:Robinson 4917:Willetts 4902:Belstead 4862:A. Maude 4857:Williams 4797:Maulding 4792:Monckton 4777:Cherwell 4762:Marquand 4747:Cherwell 4622:Strachie 4607:Crossley 4597:Hopetoun 4577:Brownlow 4537:Childers 4532:Dufferin 4457:Macaulay 4388:Extinct 3969:LibriVox 3870:(1911). 3856:(1909). 3767:Macaulay 3722:Macaulay 3720:(1932). 3564:Macaulay 3562:(1959). 3489:(2008). 3409:(1968). 3374:(2009). 3267:. Dell. 3261:(1974). 3247:(1958). 3233:(1869). 3181:(1947). 3155:(1983). 3120:(2010). 2699:Macaulay 1874:See also 1737:LibriVox 1624:LibriVox 1509:and its 1458:and the 1451:Whiggism 1270:Randolph 1225:Patience 1164:Whiggism 1008:Horatius 819:Spartans 778:Zimbabwe 758:Malaysia 754:Pakistan 679:Sanskrit 191:Victoria 127:Victoria 6741:Weibull 6736:Weibull 6721:Roberts 6716:Ringmar 6671:Fryxell 6666:Englund 6638:de Rada 6633:Preston 6593:Elliott 6588:Collins 6512:Šafárik 6492:Kamenec 6469:Tranter 6386:Deretić 6376:Ćorović 6348:Taubman 6338:Shearer 6333:Service 6288:Hosking 6263:Danilov 6248:Bethell 6225:Xenopol 6215:Mitrany 6187:Romania 6167:Mattoso 6060:Moldova 6040:Petacco 6025:Gentile 5967:O'Curry 5952:Keating 5924:Ireland 5874:Stürmer 5849:Peukert 5789:Kershaw 5754:Fischer 5729:Bullock 5724:Broszat 5719:Bracher 5706:Austria 5701:Germany 5671:Roberts 5636:Ladurie 5631:Johnson 5606:Carlyle 5573:Porthan 5555:Finland 5505:Katičić 5487:Croatia 5442:Starkey 5432:Roberts 5397:Johnson 5287:Adamson 5279:Kingdom 5217:Pirenne 5209:Belgium 5174:Roberts 5169:Roberts 5154:Pirenne 5144:Mazower 5124:Kershaw 5074:Braudel 4947:Hancock 4782:Selkirk 4767:Addison 4712:Munster 4697:Walters 4667:Gosling 4642:Walters 4612:Causton 4587:Windsor 4567:Thurlow 4552:Plunket 4522:Monsell 4517:Goschen 4497:Lovaine 4477:Stanley 4467:Stanley 4442:Stanley 4437:Parnell 4173:to 1841 4074:to 1831 3958:at the 3937:Hansard 3915:at the 3892:History 3880:(ed.). 3835:(1985) 3625:3020849 3497:(ed.). 3349:(ed.). 2347:29 June 1898:Portals 1852:proper. 1840:bordure 1836:in pale 1824:saltire 1706:(1850). 1498:History 1487:wrote: 1472:Burkean 1468:History 1447:History 1331:History 1306:History 1298:History 1274:Longman 1234:History 1192:History 1139:of the 1109:History 1082:History 970:Addison 915:in the 913:Rothley 905:peerage 774:Nigeria 762:Myanmar 683:Persian 500:Bristol 187:Monarch 123:Monarch 6764:Glenny 6731:Stolpe 6706:Magnus 6696:Hjärne 6691:Hatton 6676:Geijer 6658:Sweden 6648:Thomas 6618:Parker 6603:Gibson 6568:Beevor 6497:Kollár 6444:Harvie 6434:Burnet 6419:Barrow 6368:Serbia 6323:Petrov 6293:Hughes 6283:Hjärne 6258:Cronin 6235:Russia 6200:Hasdeu 6134:Davies 6126:Poland 6116:Schama 6111:Israel 6106:Motley 6078:Nistor 6068:Cazacu 6015:Cronin 5947:Hughes 5932:Browne 5894:Wehler 5884:Taylor 5869:Stahel 5854:Ritter 5794:Komlos 5784:Jäckel 5759:Görres 5734:Citino 5661:Paxton 5656:Palmer 5641:Marrus 5621:Febvre 5601:Becker 5583:France 5520:Lucius 5457:Thomas 5452:Tawney 5437:Seeley 5427:Morgan 5422:Namier 5352:Fraser 5327:Davies 5317:Briggs 5307:Bailyn 5277:United 5257:Redžić 5242:Peçevi 5149:Ozment 5139:Martin 5134:Lukacs 5109:Jacoby 5089:Dawson 5084:Davies 4967:Dowden 4962:Norman 4957:Stride 4937:Jowell 4882:Clarke 4842:Eccles 4822:vacant 4787:vacant 4752:vacant 4742:Jowitt 4737:Hankey 4732:vacant 4722:vacant 4692:vacant 4687:Arnold 4682:Onslow 4672:vacant 4647:vacant 4627:Newton 4582:Jersey 4507:Cowper 4502:Wilson 4452:Baring 4226:With: 4168:With: 4116:With: 4069:With: 4027:Curlie 3814: 3793: 3758: 3743: 3728: 3698: 3675: 3654: 3623: 3591: 3539: 3531: 3521: 3440: 3419: 3384: 3315: 3294: 3271: 3221: 3167: 3130: 2706: 2664:London 2605:(16). 2211: 2133: 1984: 1924:Poetry 1850:herons 1828:argent 1807:proper 1693:Vol. 4 1689:Vol. 3 1685:Vol. 2 1681:Vol. 1 1644:Vol. 2 1640:Vol. 1 1611:Vol. 5 1607:Vol. 4 1603:Vol. 3 1599:Vol. 2 1595:Vol. 1 1556: 1476:Hallam 1416:. But 1347:Gibbon 1252:Essays 824:helots 714:stated 700:argued 632:under 544:Virgil 539:Aeneid 494:, and 272:London 6759:Banac 6628:Pérez 6623:Payne 6613:Kamen 6608:Ivars 6550:Spain 6535:Melik 6464:Scott 6454:Lynch 6424:Boece 6358:Werth 6328:Pipes 6313:Lewin 6303:Kenez 6268:Figes 6205:Iorga 6177:Rosas 6144:Steed 6073:Iorga 6050:Smith 6010:Croce 5992:Italy 5957:Lyons 5937:Byrne 5899:Wette 5864:Stern 5844:Nolte 5839:Mosse 5814:Mason 5809:Lower 5799:Koonz 5774:House 5744:Evans 5739:Craig 5691:Weber 5681:Taine 5626:Horne 5611:Davis 5596:Bloch 5568:Ordin 5535:Šišić 5530:Rački 5525:Macan 5500:Gross 5495:Banac 5447:Stone 5407:Louis 5402:Lloyd 5347:Firth 5337:Elton 5332:Duffy 5292:Allen 5194:Unwin 5184:Stone 5119:Kagan 5099:Evans 5064:Acton 4987:Philp 4982:Argar 4977:Ellis 4922:Bates 4897:Ryder 4837:Lever 4802:Mills 4617:Ashby 4104:Leeds 4064:1830– 4060:Calne 3876:. In 3791:S2CID 3621:JSTOR 3589:S2CID 3493:. 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