229:, which were concentration camps. The first 11 years of his life were spent under German authority. It is known that when the Germans were pushed out by the Soviet army in January 1945, the Germans forced the victims out by marching them; it was a long journey, people began to get tired and if they stopped they were executed. Buergenthal was one of the few children to survive the three day march to Sachsenhausen, where Buergenthal would soon be liberated. His mother was liberated from a different concentration camp around the same time, though they did not find each other until 1946. His father was killed shortly before liberation in yet another camp. Buergenthal, born to German-Jewish/Polish-Jewish parents who had moved from Germany to Czechoslovakia in 1933, grew up in the Jewish
33:
871:"Press release 2004/28: Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory - Advisory Opinion - The Court finds that the construction by Israel of a wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and its associated régime are contrary to international law; it states the legal consequences arising from that illegality"
264:. Judge Buergenthal is the recipient of numerous honorary degrees from American, European and Latin American Universities, including the University of Heidelberg in Germany, the Free University of Brussels in Belgium, the State University of New York, the American University, the University of Minnesota, and the George Washington University.
381:. He was also a recipient of the following awards: Goler T. Butcher Medal, American Society of International Law, 1997; Manley O. Hudson Medal, American Society of International Law, 2002; Elie Wiesel Award, U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council, 2015; and Olympic Order, International Olympic Committee, 2015.
311:. While at Emory, he was the director of the Human Rights Program of the Carter Center. Buergenthal served as a judge for many years, including lengthy periods on various specialized international bodies. Between 1979 and 1991, he served as a judge of the
339:
384:
Buergenthal strongly supported the creation of the
International Nuremberg Principles Academy in Nuremberg, Germany, and became the first President of its Advisory Council in 2014. From 2016 until his death in 2023, he served as its Honorary President.
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330:
Buergenthal was the author of more than a dozen books and a large number of articles on international law, human rights and comparative law subjects. He was member of a number of editorial boards of law journals, including the
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960:
394:, which describes his experience in various German concentration camps, has been translated into more than a dozen languages, including German, French, Spanish, Japanese, Dutch, Norwegian and Swedish.
1181:
287:
from 2 March 2000 to his resignation on 6 September 2010. Prior to his election to the
International Court of Justice, he was the Lobingier Professor of Comparative Law and Jurisprudence at
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197:(11 May 1934 – 29 May 2023) was a Czechoslovak-born American international lawyer, scholar, law school dean, and judge of the
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907:"Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: Declaration of Judge Buergenthal"
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335:. He also served as a member of the Ethics Commission of the International Olympic Committee.
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201:(ICJ). He resigned his ICJ post as of 6 September 2010 and returned to his position at
961:"Judge Thomas Buergenthal, Honorary President of our Advisory Council, has Passed away"
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315:, including a term as that court's president; from 1989 to 1994, he was a judge on the
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On 4 December 1951, he emigrated from
Germany to the United States. He studied at
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711:
682:
600:
Lecture Series of the United
Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
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548:
Buergenthal, Thomas; Shelton, Dinah; Stewart, David; Vazquez, Carlos (2017).
347:
284:
222:
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Commanders
Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
362:, Judge Buergenthal felt that the court hadn’t looked into the question of
350:
violated international law and should be torn down. While he stated that
120:
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Program for the Fred F. Herzog
Memorial Lecture (17 October 2011).
338:
On 9 July 2004, Judge
Buergenthal was the sole dissenter in the
490:
Kokott, Juliane; Buergenthal, Thomas; Maier, Harold G. (2003).
319:'s Administrative Tribunal; in 1992 and 1993, he served on the
1034:
A Lucky Child: A Memoir of
Surviving Auschwitz as a Young Boy
473:
Protecting Human Rights in the
Americas: Cases and materials
413:
494:(in German) (3rd ed.). UTB Uni-Taschenbücher Verlag.
299:
from 1980 to 1985, and held endowed professorships at the
373:
for his contributions to the promotion and protection of
1030:
published at "Quellen zur Geschichte der Menschenrechte"
943:"The Gruber Foundation Homepage - The Gruber Foundation"
1177:
American judges of United Nations courts and tribunals
604:"The Lawmaking Role of International Tribunals," Dean
272:
Buergenthal was a specialist in international law and
1182:
American judges of international courts and tribunals
377:
in different parts of the world, and particularly in
217:
Thomas Buergenthal was known as one of the youngest
402:Buergenthal died on 29 May 2023, at the age of 89.
145:
128:
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93:
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65:
46:
23:
531:Menschenrechte: Ideale, Instrumente, Institutionen
595:A Brief History of International Human Rights Law
369:Judge Buergenthal was a co-recipient of the 2008
340:advisory opinion on the Israeli West Bank barrier
233:(Poland) and later in the concentration camps at
323:; and from 1995 to 1999, he was a member of the
321:United Nations Truth Commission for El Salvador
1192:Members of the Institut de Droit International
1028:Biographical Interview with Thomas Buergenthal
1167:United Nations Human Rights Committee members
802:International Center for Transitional Justice
568:Buergenthal, Thomas; Murphy, Sean D. (2018).
256:in 1960, and his LL.M. and S.J.D. degrees in
8:
529:Buergenthal, Thomas; Thürer, Daniel (2010).
471:Buergenthal, Thomas; Shelton, Dinah (1995).
430:Sohn, Louis B.; Buergenthal, Thomas (1973).
241:. After the War he lived with his mother in
16:Czechoslovak-born American judge (1934–2023)
1122:Inter-American Court of Human Rights judges
826:. Quellen zur Geschichte der Menschenrechte
289:The George Washington University Law School
252:(graduated 1957), and received his J.D. at
203:The George Washington University Law School
1157:Sachsenhausen concentration camp survivors
1039:
965:International Nuremberg Principles Academy
564:, Thomas, Shelton, Stewart, 4th ed. (2009)
552:(5th ed.). West Academic Publishing.
31:
20:
986:"Thomas Buergenthal Obituary - Miami, FL"
1147:New York University School of Law alumni
643: (2010) Retrieved 2 June 2010.
550:International Human Rights in a Nutshell
533:(in German). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.
432:International Protection of Human Rights
784:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
710:Buergenthal, Thomas (11 January 2018).
621:
1107:Bethany College (West Virginia) alumni
1102:Auschwitz concentration camp survivors
570:Public International Law in a Nutshell
209:of Comparative Law and Jurisprudence.
1127:International Court of Justice judges
333:American Journal of International Law
325:United Nations Human Rights Committee
279:Buergenthal served as a judge on the
7:
1059:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
705:
703:
677:
675:
342:, where the ICJ found 14-1 that the
313:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
49:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
1137:Jewish American non-fiction writers
1023:ICJ Biography of Thomas Buergenthal
608:Memorial Lecture, 17 October 2011,
415:. Syracuse University Press. 1969.
358:and that the Palestinians had the
14:
1097:American male non-fiction writers
1036:Interview with Thomas Buergenthal
584:, 5th ed. (2013), 4th ed. (2007)
250:Bethany College in West Virginia
1152:People from Ružomberok District
629:United Nations Security Council
317:Inter-American Development Bank
914:International Court of Justice
878:International Court of Justice
434:. Vol. 1. Bobbs-Merrill.
281:International Court of Justice
254:New York University Law School
199:International Court of Justice
1:
916:. 9 July 2004. Archived from
880:. 9 July 2004. Archived from
572:(6 ed.). West Academic.
1162:Slovak expatriates in Poland
610:The John Marshall Law School
475:(4th ed.). N.P. Engel.
360:right of self-determination
205:where he was the Lobingier
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1187:21st-century American Jews
1132:International law scholars
492:Grundzüge des Völkerrechts
1117:Harvard Law School alumni
1065:
1055:
1047:
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293:Washington College of Law
188:
89:
54:
42:
30:
371:Gruber Prize for Justice
356:Fourth Geneva Convention
1142:Nazi-era ghetto inmates
354:were illegal under the
305:SUNY/Buffalo Law School
221:to survive places like
759:encyclopedia.ushmm.org
734:encyclopedia.ushmm.org
514:. Little Brown. 2007.
654:"An Advocate For All"
612:, Chicago, Illinois.
344:Israeli-built barrier
947:www.gruberprizes.org
846:"Thomas Buergenthal"
824:"Thomas Buergenthal"
798:"Thomas Buergenthal"
780:"Thomas Buergenthal"
755:"Thomas Buergenthal"
730:"Thomas Buergenthal"
712:"Thomas Buergenthal"
683:"Thomas Buergenthal"
352:Israeli settlements
301:University of Texas
297:American University
161:New York University
37:Buergenthal in 2010
1069:Rafael Nieto Navia
923:on 3 November 2023
346:into the occupied
262:Harvard Law School
207:Professor Emeritus
195:Thomas Buergenthal
172:Harvard University
84:Rafael Nieto Navia
25:Thomas Buergenthal
1112:Czechoslovak Jews
1075:
1074:
1066:Succeeded by
1057:President of the
887:on 3 October 2023
521:978-1-61523-720-3
291:. He was Dean of
258:international law
219:holocaust victims
192:
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47:President of the
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1048:Preceded by
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309:Emory University
231:ghetto of Kielce
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804:. 28 April 2011
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511:A Lucky Child
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391:A Lucky Child
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1051:Pedro Nikken
1005:
993:. Retrieved
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980:
968:. Retrieved
964:
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946:
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925:. Retrieved
918:the original
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901:
889:. Retrieved
882:the original
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853:. Retrieved
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366:adequately.
364:self-defense
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274:human rights
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134:(2023-05-29)
79:Succeeded by
72:Pedro Nikken
56:
18:
1092:2023 deaths
1087:1934 births
132:29 May 2023
109:11 May 1934
67:Preceded by
1081:Categories
1063:1985–1987
927:23 January
891:23 January
739:25 January
692:25 January
633:Resolution
616:References
213:Early life
105:1934-05-11
830:3 January
348:West Bank
285:The Hague
243:Göttingen
235:Auschwitz
223:Auschwitz
146:Education
61:1985–1987
57:In office
764:19 April
589:Lectures
121:Slovakia
112:Ľubochňa
855:16 July
808:16 July
639:.
598:in the
995:29 May
970:30 May
716:GW LAW
664:7 June
635:
576:
556:
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518:
498:
479:
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307:, and
268:Career
141:, U.S.
921:(PDF)
910:(PDF)
885:(PDF)
874:(PDF)
631:
457:Vol.
446:Vol.
398:Death
276:law.
260:from
119:(now
997:2023
972:2023
929:2024
893:2024
857:2021
832:2017
810:2021
766:2019
741:2020
694:2020
666:2010
637:1926
574:ISBN
554:ISBN
535:ISBN
516:ISBN
496:ISBN
477:ISBN
462:ISBN
451:ISBN
436:ISBN
417:ISBN
237:and
225:and
129:Died
99:Born
295:of
283:at
181:SJD
177:LLM
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
