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heard from the guards and jailkeepers concerning their plot to assassinate the restored Church leaders. In response, Ford supposedly replied, "You are unnecessarily alarmed for your friends' safety, sir. The people are not that cruel." Irritated by the remark, Jones urged the necessity of placing better men than professed assassins to guard them. He stressed that they were
American citizens surrendered to his pledged honor. When Ford showed little interest in Jones' concerns, Jones commented, " had then but one request to make; if you left their lives in the hands of those men to be sacrificed, that the Almighty will preserve my life to a proper time and place to testify that you have been timely warned of their danger."] Later that day, returning to Nauvoo on horseback, Jones passed Ford's company while it passed by a painted mob ready to enter Carthage to kill the Church leaders. Jones records that while the assassination was taking place in Carthage, Ford addressed the citizens of Nauvoo saying that a, "severe atonement must be made, so prepare your minds for the emergency." The officials of the governor were heard urging him to hasten from there assuring him that the deed (that is the assassination), "was sure of having been accomplished by then." Both Ford's statement and the comments of his supporting officials provide strong evidence of Ford's involvement. He was later claimed to have said, "it's all nonsense; you will have to drive the Mormons out yet." This is exactly what happened. Several residents of Hancock County and many residents from several surrounding counties, met and decided on a plan of action that later forced the members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints to retreat into
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daughter, Anna Ford Davies (1834- ), was also the last to die; her sisters were Mary
Frances Ford Bailey (1837-1909) and Julia Ford (who died in 1862, 21 years old and unmarried). Their oldest brother, named either Seuel or George Ford (1844-) volunteered for the Union Army during the Civil War and lost an arm while fighting with an Illinois regiment, then moved west with his younger brother Thomas (1847-). Thomas was lynched by a Kansas mob alongside an alleged horse thief, and when Seuel (who worked as a bartender due to his disability) tried to have the leaders held accountable, he too was lynched. Ford was accused of taking "stimulants" as governor, some suggesting politics harmed what could have been an important legal career, but while evidence exists as to the parents' ultimately fatal medical conditions, and Ford's less-than-robust constitution even before his gubernatorial term, definitive evidence of drug abuse is lacking.
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speech urged paying the bonds' principal and interest in full, and for the 1842-1843 legislative session Ford drafted a bill allowing the two banks to surrender their charters in exchange for state bonds, warrants and scrip, which extinguished $ 2.3 million of the state debt. Unlike Carlin, Ford also accepted land sale proceeds from the federal government. Then he raised taxes. The
Illinois and Michigan Canal would be completed about a year after Ford left office, although the Act's debt would not be paid off until 1882. Ford greatly improved the state's finances, and the canal would further increase northern Illinois' population and a demographic shift in the state. Whereas early settlers had arrived from Virginia and Kentucky on via the Ohio River, or from New York and other northern states via the
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excitement." He believed that a politicized militia and court system, as well as weak powers granted him by state law, prevented him from doing more to stop the
Illinois Mormon War. Writing in the third person, Ford declared "there was no way to punish {the guilty parties}, as former trials had shown, except by martial law; and this course was utterly illegal. The governor believed that he could not declare martial law for the punishment of citizens without admitting that free government had failed; and assuming despotism was necessary in its place."
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455:, a previous governor and long a political nemesis of Ford's family. Although some thought Duncan would win because of rising anti-Mormon sentiment (and the Mormon leader Joseph Smith had told his followers to vote for Democrat Snyder), Ford won 57% of the vote and became the state's 8th governor. Democrats also won large majorities in both houses of the legislature.
378:'s Spy Battalion. (His brother may have begun spying on Chief Black Hawk before the war formally began, as disaffected young warriors had begun raiding white settlements.) Ford served as the local prosecutor for the northwestern section of the state until 1835, and also achieved recognition as one of three defense counsel for Illinois Supreme Court Justice
386:, the legislature elected Ford a state court judge for northern Illinois (9th circuit). Ford would serve two terms (notwithstanding his resignation in 1837 to care for Forquer, who had tuberculosis and had moved to Cincinnati for medical treatment and where he died), as well as one term as a municipal judge in the newly chartered city of
296:, but walked back home to Illinois after learning that Forquer's business had failed. Ford then worked on local farms, taught school and read law under Cook, who would become the state's first attorney general, as well as member of Congress and namesake of Cook County, where Ford would later serve as judge for several years.
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Supreme Court down to three justices while ending circuit duties. Other provisions empowered future governors over state affairs. However, Ford would not participate in the constitutional convention because he left office nearly bankrupt. Both he and his wife had contracted illnesses of which they would die in 1850.
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Ford wrote extensively of his dealings with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints community, and was especially critical of their religion. He called Smith "the most successful impostor in modern times," and said he hoped that the increasingly popular
Mormonism would not replace traditional
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Ford also learned about the state legislature while serving as clerk for various committees, and would later claim that he attended every legislative session from 1825 to 1847. In 1829, with
Forquer's aid, Ford received a gubernatorial appointment as the state's attorney (prosecutor) for the Military
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In later correspondences, Governor Ford would try to defend his meek actions during the crisis, saying hated minorities are never safe from hostile majorities. He claimed "Men engaged in unpopular projects expect more protection from the laws than the laws are able to furnish in the face of popular
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Ford denied responsibility for the mob murders. However, two men later gave affidavits suggesting Ford knew of the plot and could have approved of it. Dan Jones, a riverboat captain and one of the few eyewitnesses to both sides of the event, repeatedly warned Ford throughout the day of comments he
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alone stood at over $ 15 million, and further sums were owed for newly begun railroads and other canals. Ford also believed that only about $ 200,000 or $ 300,000 in "good money" was circulating in the entire state before he took office, due to the persistent depression. Nonetheless, his inaugural
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who had often printed disparaging and derogatory remarks against Smith and the Latter-day Saints. Sharp, who had printed calls for violence leading up to Smith's murder and celebratory remarks shortly after the killing, had briefly fled to
Missouri to avoid trial. Upon his return to Illinois on
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As Ford's gubernatorial term ended in early 1847, his criticisms of the now-outmoded
Illinois Constitution led to a constitutional convention later in the year, which drafted a new state constitution which took effect in 1848. Among the new constitution's improvements was reducing the Illinois
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in 1828; her brother
Stephen Hambaugh, also a devout Catholic, had a transport business between Edwardsville and St. Louis before moving to Versailles to farm. The couple had three daughters and two sons, all of whom were orphaned as children and raised by Peoria community members. The eldest
487:(which ended in Vandalia, and which the Army Corps of Engineers had rebuilt in the 1830s but congress stopped funding before 1840), construction of the canal had also encouraged immigration from Europe and further immigrants would arrive via the Great Lakes and newly organized railroads.
339:. However, his legal practice still failed to prosper (his retiring demeanor and high voice perhaps contributing factors), and Ford lost an election to become the local justice of the peace. Instead, Ford become a member of the commission to establish Illinois's northern boundary (with
221:. The first Illinois governor to be raised in the state, he served from 1842 to 1846 and became known for restoring the state's solvency and reducing geographic sectionalism, as well as for leading the legislature despite his lack of prior political experience. A lifelong
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1850 U.S. Federal Census for Peoria, Peoria County, Illinois, family 622 gives the correct parents' and girls' names, and names young boys' names as "George" and "Thomas H.", although the Snyder article previously cited names the elder as Seuel (presumably pronounced
303:(in Monroe County, Illinois). They would have five children, but the family was never wealthy. Her father, Henry Hambaugh, was of German descent and had emigrated from Virginia through Kentucky and taught school in Edwardsville for a time before buying a farm in
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Christianity. Ford took some steps to impede the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, but with little results. The conflict grew heated, with hundreds being driven from their homes, and mobs that eventually employed several thousands of people.
466:. Ford worried this would scare eastern financiers, whose loans were needed to finish various internal improvements, as well as buy mundane items such as postage stamps. The state's ongoing fiscal problems were due to the
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While Ford opposed the Church, he also claimed to oppose the anti-Church faction that eventually drove them from the state. In the aftermath of the assassinations, Ford ordered the arrest and trial of
636:. There, he wrote his magnum opus of early Illinois history, as well as attempted to care for his wife (who died of stomach cancer on October 12, 1850; aged 38) and young children, as well as his own
640:. He died on November 3, 1850, about six weeks after joining the local Methodist Church. Because the career civil servant was destitute, the local citizenry raised money to pay for his interment at
596:, and Ford allowed two militia units to go home, thus assigning the duty to guard the two brothers to the Carthage Greys, an anti-Church militia that helped murder them on June 27, 1844.
276:, helped raise Thomas, and later served in both houses of the Illinois legislature, as well as appointments as the state's attorney general and secretary of state, but would lose to Whig
398:), and his decision (against the transferee of the long-term settler and trader next to the partially-decommissioned fort) was ultimately upheld by the United States Supreme Court in
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Robert P. Howard, rev. by Peggy Boyer Long and Mike
Lawrence, Mostly Good and Competent Men, 2nd Edition (University of Illinois Press and Illinois State historical Society 1988,
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as an associate justice in February 1841, as the Democratic-majority legislature increased that bench to nine members (from four). The other new justices were former U.S. Senator
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After admission to the Illinois bar, possibly in 1820, Ford briefly worked for a pro-Andrew Jackson newspaper in St. Louis, then practiced law at
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When the relatively unknown Governor Ford took office, the state's finances were in terrible shape. The immediate outgoing governor,
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J. F. Snyder, Governor Ford and His Family, Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Jul., 1910), pp. 45-51
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died in May, just months before the election. Although Ford had never held an elective office, he learned while holding court in
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651:(Chicago, 1854), was published posthumously and relates the state history from its founding in 1818 until 1847.
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during Governor Duncan's tenure, in exchange for moving the state capital in 1837 from too-small Vandalia to
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980:(1995 edition with introduction by Rodney O. Davis. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 1995).
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Jones, Dan, "The Martyrdom of Joseph Smith and His Brother Hyrum" BYU Studies. See
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and Mississippi Rivers). He soon moved his family to his father-in-law's farm in
217:(December 5, 1800 – November 3, 1850) was a lawyer, judge, author and the eighth
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A History of Illinois from its commencement as a State in 1818 to 1847, Vol. II
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857:"National History of the Road | National Road Association of Illinois"
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and after Cook's re-election to Congress in 1824, in Cook's hometown of
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A History of Illinois, from its Commencement as a State in 1818 to 1847
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A History of Illinois, from its Commencement as a State in 1818 to 1847
921:. Chicago: The Lakeside Press/R.R. Donnelly & Sons Co. p. 340.
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529: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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In 1842, the Democratic candidate for Illinois governor, state senator
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on May 25, 1842 that he had become his party's candidate against Whig
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This article is about the Illinois politician. For other people, see
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land claim (concerning the land under the soon-to-be-decommissioned
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Ford married 15-year-old Frances Hambaugh on September 11, 1828 in
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of 1832, Ford did not resign that office but enlisted in Colonel
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Illinois in the Eighteenth Century: Kaskaskia and Its Parish ...
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Tract District in Western Illinois (a huge district between the
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After Ford married, the couple moved further north up the
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The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
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Ford's orders, he was later acquitted of all charges.
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At one point, Ford encouraged Joseph and his brother,
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and homestead on free or cheap land. As they neared
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714:(Somerset Publishers Inc. New York 1993) p. 152
559:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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876:. Salt Lake City: The Deseret News. pp.
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998:—includes a discussion of Ford and his book
892:"Autobiography of William Adams (1822-1894)"
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65:December 8, 1842 – December 9, 1846
1128:List of commandants of the Illinois Country
592:. Once there, the Smiths were charged with
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331:to the newly founded mining boom town of
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545:Learn how and when to remove this message
1440:History of the Latter Day Saint movement
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1435:Justices of the Illinois Supreme Court
1430:Democratic Party governors of Illinois
996:John Cushman Abbott Exhibit Supplement
16:Governor of Illinois from 1842 to 1846
1450:American people of the Black Hawk War
1425:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
1002:, and a downloadable pdf of the book.
573:and his brother Hyrum Smith in 1844.
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527:adding citations to reliable sources
1460:People from Uniontown, Pennsylvania
284:, with whom he platted the town of
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1455:Politicians from Peoria, Illinois
272:His six-year older half-brother,
229:and vacillation which led to the
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971:, Chicago: S.C. Griggs & Co.
712:Illinois Biographical Dictionary
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1465:Tuberculosis deaths in Illinois
1445:Mormonism-related controversies
514:needs additional citations for
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225:, Ford is also remembered for
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938:. Govt. Print. Off. pp.
1470:19th-century American judges
991:Illinois 2005–2006 Blue Book
870:Roberts, Brigham H. (1900).
873:The Rise and Fall of Nauvoo
480:Illinois and Michigan Canal
337:Jo Daviess County, Illinois
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917:Ford, Gov. Thomas (1946).
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361:Schuyler County, Illinois
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1009:Party political offices
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1119:Colonial administrators
932:Gannett, Henry (1905).
290:Transylvania University
267:Monroe County, Illinois
247:Uniontown, Pennsylvania
128:Uniontown, Pennsylvania
565:, and with the murder
415:, future U.S. Senator
392:Jean Baptiste Beaubien
365:Brown County, Illinois
322:Edwardsville, Illinois
227:anti-Mormon sentiments
21:Thomas Ford § Politics
1148:Territorial governors
1111:Governors of Illinois
978:A History of Illinois
674:Appleton's Cyclopedia
655:Ford County, Illinois
649:A History of Illinois
476:Springfield, Illinois
433:Ogle County, Illinois
335:in the newly created
241:Early and family life
233:, and the subsequent
231:death of Joseph Smith
1062:Governor of Illinois
1028:Governor of Illinois
898:on February 23, 2010
523:improve this article
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219:Governor of Illinois
53:Governor of Illinois
642:Springdale Cemetery
380:Theophilus W. Smith
294:Lexington, Kentucky
245:Ford was born near
235:Illinois Mormon War
1269:Oglesby (3rd time)
1249:Oglesby (2nd time)
1239:Oglesby (1st time)
1072:Augustus C. French
1047:Political offices
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345:Vandalia, Illinois
286:Waterloo, Illinois
259:Louisiana Purchase
100:Augustus C. French
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468:Panic of 1837
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896:the original
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837:Howard p. 62
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790:Snyder p. 47
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521:Please help
516:verification
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140:(1850-11-03)
95:Succeeded by
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1420:1850 deaths
1415:1800 births
1379:Blagojevich
608:, by 1846.
584:, to go to
582:Hyrum Smith
464:Shawneetown
370:During the
215:Thomas Ford
83:Preceded by
32:Thomas Ford
1409:Categories
1066:1842–1846
1024:Democratic
951:References
691:0938943154
357:Versailles
305:Versailles
263:New Design
189:Profession
156:Democratic
121:1800-12-05
76:John Moore
71:Lieutenant
1334:Stevenson
1289:Yates Jr.
1254:Beveridge
1234:Yates Sr.
1166:Governors
604:, led by
359:(then in
341:Wisconsin
269:instead.
255:St. Louis
197:Signature
61:In office
1394:Pritzker
1364:Thompson
1339:Stratton
1314:Emmerson
1264:Hamilton
1219:Matteson
1189:Reynolds
965:(1854),
902:July 26,
693:at p. 59
586:Carthage
353:Illinois
318:Waterloo
223:Democrat
51:8th
1354:Ogilvie
1349:Shapiro
1279:Altgeld
1224:Bissell
1184:Edwards
1156:Edwards
751:Sewell)
647:Ford's
594:treason
388:Chicago
301:Cahokia
183:
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1389:Rauner
1359:Walker
1344:Kerner
1324:Stelle
1319:Horner
1304:Lowden
1294:Deneen
1284:Tanner
1259:Cullom
1244:Palmer
1214:French
1204:Carlin
1199:Duncan
689:
567:murder
429:Oregon
333:Galena
177:
162:Spouse
1384:Quinn
1369:Edgar
1329:Green
1309:Small
1299:Dunne
1274:Fifer
1194:Ewing
1179:Coles
880:–300.
661:Notes
181:)
173:(
169:
1374:Ryan
1229:Wood
1209:Ford
1174:Bond
1033:1842
904:2010
687:ISBN
602:Utah
423:and
179:1828
147:, US
135:Died
130:, US
115:Born
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878:292
525:by
431:in
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292:in
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