568:, captained by Thomas Metcalfe, the son of the very person who had so offended the chief, although nobody was aware of that fact at the time. The schooner was manned by only four sailors plus its relatively inexperienced captain. On 16 March 1790, Kameʻeiamoku's men easily captured the schooner. Thomas Metcalfe and his crew were killed. The only survivor was
619:
ashore to investigate. Young was captured, and
Metcalfe was puzzled by the sudden silence. He waited two days for Young to return, firing guns in hope that the sound would guide Young back. Finally, sensing danger or becoming frustrated, Metcalfe left and set sail for China, not knowing that his son
303:
arrived with "her mast sprung and her sails split", and that the schooner had no provisions left but only "some casks of water and some 65 otter skins". In addition, MartĂnez noted that Thomas
Metcalfe had "no written passport or instructions and no papers except his diary", and that his sole compass
627:
These events mark a turning point in
Hawaiian history. John Young and Isaac Davis were instrumental in Kamehameha's military ventures and his eventual conquest and unification of the Hawaiian Islands. Young and Davis became respected translators and military advisors for Kamehameha. Their skill in
452:, was worried about the possibility of international crisis sparked by the seizure of three British and one U.S. merchant ships. Deciding to focus solely on Britain, he ordered the immediate release of Thomas Metcalfe, his men and ship. Later the viceroy decided it would be better to escort the
307:
MartĂnez, an experienced sailor and captain who had voyaged to Alaska the year before, was impressed. About Thomas he wrote: "He is but a boy, who under his father's orders undertook such an extended voyage. He and his men were exposed to the greatest dangers from rough weather and lack of
572:, who was badly injured but for some reason spared. Kameʻeiamoku appropriated the ship, its guns, ammunition, and other valuable goods, as well as Isaac Davis himself. At the time no one was aware of the family relation between the captain of the
211:, a few years later, he was "Stuck with Surprize, at so small a Vessel having been employ'd on such a Commercial pursuit as she had been, and to have travers'd Such an immense tract of Boisterous Ocean as she had done."
202:
and put under the command of Thomas
Metcalfe. The little schooner was 33 feet (10 m) long and 8 feet (2.4 m) wide and had a crew of four, plus Thomas. The schooner was undecked but copper-bottomed. When one of
448:. Thomas Metcalfe and his crew spent about ten days in prison in Monterey. Then they continued south, arriving at San Blas on 6 December 1789, where Metcalfe and his men were again imprisoned. The Spanish viceroy,
184:
furs in China. Simon
Metcalfe decided to sail to the Pacific Northwest Coast to acquire sea otter furs before returning to China to buy tea. An English captain recommended taking a second, smaller ship to serve as
336:
296:
243:. Young Thomas Metcalfe was left to find his own way across the ocean in his tiny vessel. His only navigational instrument was a compass, which broke en route. His only guide was a copy of a map made by
324:
at Nootka Sound. As increasing numbers of trading ships visited Nootka Sound, Spain decided to assert its claim to the
Pacific Northwest Coast. In early 1789 a Spanish force arrived and established
499:
and trading ensued. There was some altercation between Simon and Kameʻeiamoku. The details are lost except that Simon had the chief flogged. He then sailed to the neighboring island of
433:. While at Nootka, John Junior had converted to Catholicism, changed his name to Juan, announced his intention to obtain Spanish citizenship, and was hired by the Spanish Navy as a
449:
835:
386:
under Thomas
Metcalfe reached Nootka Sound. Esteban JosĂ© MartĂnez seized the schooner and arrested the crew. A few days later Simon Metcalfe approached Nootka Sound and the
1422:
266:, where the Russian commander Potak Zaikov provided flour and dried fish. Thomas continued down the Pacific Northwest Coast, acquiring some furs through trade with some
409:, and despite his admiration for Thomas Metcalfe's seamanship and his pity for the sorry state of the men, he decided to arrest Metcalfe and his crew and take the
1173:
472:, which were independent and only just beginning to be visited by outsiders. After Simon Metcalfe evaded capture at Nootka Sound he traded for sea otter furs in
312:. They were exposed to a thousand insults from the heathen and driven by necessity had to seek a meeting with the Spaniards, from which they expected relief."
636:, later in 1790, where the forces of Maui were defeated. Young and Davis married members of the royal family, raised families and received valuable lands.
1613:
129:
where he was arrested by the
Spanish. After being released he sailed to Hawaii, hoping to find his father. Instead, he was attacked and killed by
1581:
Feldman, Clayton A. (Spring 2015). "The First
Western Warship in the Hawaiian Islands Navy of Kamehameha the Great: Yet Another Fair American!".
764:
639:
Simon
Metcalfe continued to trade around the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean for another four years. In 1792 he purchased a small French brig at
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Historical Atlas of the Pacific Northwest: Maps of Exploration and Discovery : British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Alaska, Yukon
690:. The Haida took advantage of their superiority in numbers and attacked. Simon Metcalfe and his entire crew, except one, were killed.
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back to Nootka Sound before releasing her. But by the time the news reached San Blas, Thomas Metcalfe was already sailing the
425:, and a new main-mast. During the voyage to San Blas, Thomas and his crew were under arrest and the vessel was captained by
561:, where shortly before his father Simon had flogged Chief Kameʻeiamoku and the chief had vowed revenge upon the next ship.
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596:
After the Olowalu Massacre, Simon Metcalfe sailed back to the island of Hawai'i, arriving a day after the capture of the
503:
to trade along the coast. Due to Simon's treatment of him, Kameʻeiamoku vowed revenge on whatever ship next came his way.
141:
Little is known about Thomas Metcalfe's life apart from the events of about 1787–1790. Thomas's father, Simon was born in
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Simon Metcalfe began what seemed to be friendly trade for provisions. When Kamehameha learned about the capture of the
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1471:
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1478:, Provincial Museum of Natural History and Anthropology, Province of British Columbia Department of Education
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went missing. It was discovered that the boat had been stolen. Simon Metcalfe's reaction became known as the
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667:
926:
Otter Skins, Boston Ships, and China Goods: The Maritime Fur Trade of the Northwest Coast, 1785–1841
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749:
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1419:"A narrative of events in the life of John Bartlett of Boston, Massachusetts, in the years 1790–1793"
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Otter Skins, Boston Ships, and China Goods: The Maritime Fur Trade of the Northwest Coast, 1785–1841
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Otter Skins, Boston Ships and China Goods: The Maritime Fur Trade of the Northwest Coast, 1785–1841
1134:
The Early Exploration of Inland Washington Waters: Journals and Logs from Six Expedition, 1786–1792
633:
616:
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was in command and had orders to detain all foreign vessels. He seized the British merchant ships
145:, England, in the mid-18th century. In 1763 he married Catherine Humphrey. They immigrated to the
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Captain Simon Metcalfe: Pioneer Fur Trader in the Pacific Northwest, Hawaii and China 1787–1794
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before making for Hawaii. After being released from San Blas, Thomas Metcalfe sailed the
247:. Cook's map provided a general impression of the North Pacific coast but lacked detail.
1490:
1100:
601:
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to Mexico, where higher authorities could decide what should be done. In order for the
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In 1789 both Simon Metcalfe and his son Thomas Humphrey Metcalfe were caught up in the
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84:
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Let the Sea Make a Noise...: A History of the North Pacific from Magellan to MacArthur
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The intention was to take a cargo of tea from China to New York City. But while in
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sank in the Indian Ocean in the winter of 1792–93, Metcalfe took command of the
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under Simon Metcalfe arrived in the islands first, in the winter of 1789–90. In
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227:, under Thomas Metcalfe, left Macau in May 1789, intending to sail together to
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At the Far Reaches of Empire: The Life of Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra
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with his two teenage sons, Thomas and Robert, on a trading voyage to China.
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fired at point-blank range, which blasted the canoes to pieces. About 100
117:. After being separated from his father in a storm, Thomas sailed a small
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was almost captured as well, but he managed to escape. MartĂnez took the
193:
118:
994:
Morning of Fire: John Kendrick's Daring American Odyssey in the Pacific
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had been killed not far away. He never learned about the attack on the
418:
308:
provisions. They sailed over the open sea for more than three thousand
267:
580:
was anchored at Kealakekua Bay, about 30 miles (50 km) away. The
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The Nootka Connection: Europe and the Northwest Coast 1790–1795
1102:
The Nootka Connection: Europe and the Northwest Coast 1790–1795
142:
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men, women, and children were killed and a great many more wounded.
1564:
Overview of Hawaiian History; "Kamehameha Detains Two Foreigners".
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177:
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in revenge for misdeeds committed by his father just days before.
262:. After 42 days at sea he stopped at a Russian fur-trade post on
500:
158:
1562:
https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/kona/history3.htm
1196:
Sailors and Traders: A Maritime History of the Pacific Peoples
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and appointed his younger son Robert to command her. When the
359:, under Robert Funter. MartĂnez did not detain the U.S. ships
274:
villages, before arriving at Nootka Sound. In the vicinity of
417:
to make the voyage to San Blas, MartĂnez provided compasses,
1180:, International Institute for Indigenous Resource Management
530:. When many canoes had gathered at the ship Simon ordered a
518:. Feigning peaceful intent, he invited the villagers to the
299:, the Spanish commander at Nootka Sound, Thomas Metcalfe's
1568:
http://www.pacificworlds.com/kawaihae/visitors/explore.cfm
608:
he prohibited further contact between the natives and the
1389:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 286.
1294:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 286.
239:, Canada, but they were separated during a storm in the
1028:
The West Beyond the West: A History of British Columbia
929:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 39.
1525:
Letter from Captain Metcalf, 1790, to King Kamehameha
514:. He sailed to the village of the suspected thieves,
468:
The Metcalfes had planned to spend the winter in the
1552:. Hawaiian Historical Society. 1913. pp. 28–36.
674:, and anchored in Coyah's Sound near the village of
632:, helped Kamehameha win many battles, including the
1543:. Washington Historical Quarterly. 16 (2): 114–121.
686:began. Metcalfe let a great number come aboard the
401:Although MartĂnez did not seize the American ships
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70:
62:
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27:
20:
1489:
1328:The Remarkable World of Frances Barkley: 1769–1845
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450:Juan Vicente de GĂĽemes, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo
121:with a crew of four from the vicinity of China to
895:. Douglas & McIntyre. pp. 131, 161–164.
157:In the late 1780s Simon Metcalfe owned a 190-ton
1556:Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society
1549:Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society
1541:"Captain Simon Metcalfe and the Brig 'Eleanora'"
834:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
506:On the coast of Maui a boat and sailor from the
429:, who had come to Nootka Sound with his father,
1031:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 27–28.
192:To this end, Simon Metcalfe purchased a 26-ton
1496:. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. pp.
1106:. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. pp.
816:. Archived from the original on April 17, 2014
522:for trade while he had his cannon loaded with
884:
882:
8:
1331:. Heritage Group Distribution. p. 145.
1256:
1254:
1065:. Douglas & McIntyre. pp. 150–162.
847:
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495:, Simon Metcalfe was greeted by local chief
189:and to more easily navigate narrow fjords.
1534:Papers of the Hawaiian Historical Society.
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440:On the way to San Blas a storm forced the
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196:in Macau. This vessel was given the name
1589:(1). The Nautical Research Guild: 33–44.
628:gunnery, as well as the cannon from the
584:and Davis were eventually given to King
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1062:First Approaches to the Northwest Coast
892:First Approaches to the Northwest Coast
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444:under Juan Kendrick to seek shelter at
398:, Mexico, arriving on 6 December 1789.
1448:. Kingston, Ontario: Limestone Press.
1230:. St. Martin's Press. pp. 13–14.
827:
808:Morgan, Murray C. (January 20, 1974).
722:from the original on February 11, 2017
705:
703:
666:In August 1794 Simon Metcalfe visited
480:to Hawaii, hoping to join his father.
464:Release and Olowalu Massacre in Hawaii
44:March 16, 1790 (aged 18–19)
1288:Gibson, James R. (January 14, 1992).
1227:Captive Paradise: A History of Hawaii
600:and the death of Thomas Metcalfe. At
215:Separation and voyage to Nootka Sound
7:
1325:Hill, Beth; Converse, Cathy (2009).
997:. Harper Collins. pp. 142–145.
278:he encountered and briefly met with
1425:from the original on March 16, 2016
549:Meanwhile, Thomas Metcalfe and the
810:"Surprise Visitor at Nootka Sound"
770:from the original on July 27, 2011
678:. Friendly trading with the local
165:. In February 1787 he sailed from
14:
1614:American explorers of the Pacific
1539:Howay, Frederic William (1925).
1352:Kona Historical Society (1998).
223:, under Simon Metcalfe, and the
1131:Blumenthal, Richard W. (2004).
963:. Sasquatch Books. p. 47.
858:. UBC Press. pp. 133–134.
1267:. HarperCollins. p. 105.
250:Thomas sailed north along the
1:
1433:– via Internet Archive.
1261:McDougall, Walter A. (2004).
716:The People of Colonial Albany
100:
31:
113:who worked with his father,
1624:History of British Columbia
852:Tovell, Freeman M. (2009).
353:, under Thomas Hudson, and
1655:
1360:University of Hawaii Press
1201:University of Hawaii Press
645:Isle de France (Mauritius)
612:. Simon Metcalfe sent his
576:and Simon Metcalfe, whose
335:The Spanish naval officer
1583:Nautical Research Journal
1530:"Historic Kealakekua Bay"
1383:Gibson, James R. (1999).
923:Gibson, James R. (1992).
670:, at the southern end of
542:Death and capture of the
106:– March 16, 1790) was an
1469:Report for the Year 1957
1224:Haley, James L. (2014).
1137:. McFarland. p. 6.
748:Beasley, Tom F. (1994).
647:to serve as a tender to
624:or the fate of his son.
382:On 20 October 1789, the
93:Thomas Humphrey Metcalfe
22:Thomas Humphrey Metcalfe
1536:Honolulu, Hawaii. 1928.
1488:Pethick, Derek (1980).
1444:Richards, Rhys (1991).
1098:Pethick, Derek (1980).
1059:Pethick, Derek (1980).
889:Pethick, Derek (1980).
668:Houston Stewart Channel
564:That next ship was the
316:Capture at Nootka Sound
1193:Coupler, A.D. (2009).
991:Ridley, Scott (2010).
1570:Kawaihae, "Explorers"
1474:June 7, 2011, at the
1025:Barman, Jean (2007).
957:Hayes, Derek (1999).
651:. He named this brig
337:Esteban JosĂ© MartĂnez
297:Esteban JosĂ© MartĂnez
1619:American fur traders
757:The Northern Mariner
446:Monterey, California
252:Japanese archipelago
207:'s officers saw the
147:Province of New York
1355:A Guide to Old Kona
814:Tacoma News Tribune
710:Bielinski, Stefan.
634:Battle of Kepaniwai
111:maritime fur trader
75:Maritime fur trader
55:Cause of death
1203:. pp. 83–84.
1176:2008-10-13 at the
356:North West America
326:Santa Cruz de Nuca
282:, who was sailing
153:Fur trading voyage
1629:History of Hawaii
1507:978-0-88894-279-1
1455:978-0-919642-37-9
1396:978-0-7735-2028-8
1369:978-0-8248-2010-7
1338:978-1-894898-78-2
1301:978-0-7735-8202-6
1274:978-0-06-057820-6
1237:978-0-312-60065-5
1210:978-0-8248-3239-1
1144:978-0-7864-1879-4
1117:978-0-88894-279-1
1072:978-0-88894-279-1
1038:978-0-8020-9309-7
1004:978-0-06-202019-2
970:978-1-57061-215-2
936:978-0-7735-8202-6
902:978-0-88894-279-1
865:978-0-7748-5836-6
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672:Haida Gwaii
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460:to Hawaii.
377:Robert Gray
290:Haida Gwaii
104: 1771
63:Nationality
35: 1771
1598:Categories
1010:January 8,
694:References
641:Port Louis
617:John Young
258:, and the
245:James Cook
71:Occupation
1429:August 4,
1402:August 4,
1243:August 4,
1078:August 4,
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908:August 4,
830:cite news
820:August 4,
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676:Ninstints
614:boatswain
592:Aftermath
532:broadside
182:sea otter
174:Guangzhou
1472:Archived
1423:Archived
1307:July 31,
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720:Archived
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485:Eleanora
396:San Blas
388:Eleanora
371:, under
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194:schooner
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119:schooner
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419:cordage
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81:Father
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1108:39–42
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680:Haida
423:yards
272:Haida
178:Macau
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