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Information about the study and life-sustaining treatment was withheld from 399 Black men with syphilis so researchers could observe the progress of the disease. Over the course of the 40-year study, 28 men died from syphilis, 40 spouses were infected, and 19 children were born with a congenital form of the disease.
683:
An official committee at the
University of Pittsburgh reported the following on Parran, who was a founder of the University's Graduate School of Public Health: “Dr. Parran’s role, and the extent of his influence in approving, funding, and providing oversight of the Tuskegee and Guatemalan studies, is
397:
After receiving an
Assistant Surgeon's commission in September 1917, Parran continued on assignments in rural health services administration, sanitation, and the control of communicable diseases; between field assignments, Parran tasted life as an administrator in Washington, DC. In October 1923, he
365:
A lifelong interest in research was sparked during medical school. He self-identified as Thomas Parran Jr. to distinguish himself from his uncle Thomas Parran, a
Maryland politician and U.S. Representative in the Sixty-second Congress (who also had a son named Thomas Parran Jr.). Later in life Dr.
666:
The
American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association named its lifetime achievement award after Parran in recognition of his work to raise awareness of sexually transmitted diseases. However, his role in the early part of the Tuskegee study and in the Guatemala syphilis experiments prompted the
679:
which has a legacy of unethical experimentation. The
Tuskegee Syphilis Study took place during his tenure while serving as U.S. Surgeon General from 1936 to 1948, and involved experimentation on African-American adults, children, and people with disabilities without their knowledge or consent.
622:
a proving ground for ideas developed during his tenure at PHS, recruiting the school's first generation of senior faculty and bringing his deputy surgeon general and veteran international health administrator, Dr. James A. Crabtree, who succeeded him as dean in 1958. Beyond his tenure as
Surgeon
601:
for supporting
President Truman's proposed national insurance program. Truman's decision not to reappoint Parran in the spring of 1948 may have been an outcome of public disputes over this issue. Parran declined the position of Director of the World Health Organization to attempt to maintain the
588:
Parran was an early and committed advocate of national health insurance, shielding PHS from direct conflict with those who opposed insurance by tempering his public advocacy with a focus on creating a regionally-organized health services infrastructure to precede federal dollars for care. The
528:
In addition to syphilis control, Surgeon
General Parran left his mark on the scope and structure of public health, both at home and abroad. World War II brought quick expansion and new opportunities for expanded duties. In response Parran and his deputies rewrote the statutes underlying PHS
512:
Branch (G-5) of the newly formed headquarters. Because all of the senior Army medical officers with competence in this field were already holding highly important positions, the Army turned to Dr. Parran for help, and he released his deputy, Dr.
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independence of the Public Health
Service from the newly created bureaucracy, the Department of Health Education and Welfare. He lost that fight and his job, only to move on again to further advances in the health education field.
1354:
1349:
720:"Condemns Delaying State Building Bill — Governor Takes Republicans to Task for Holding Up Appropriation Two Months — Eleven Bills Approved — They Include an Addition to Workmen's Compensation Law — Two Measures Are Vetoed"
691:(the lead researcher of the Guatemala STD studies) Parran is quoted as having said "You know, we couldn’t do such an experiment in this country,” which would suggest he was aware of some of the ethical issues in the study.
441:
inadvertently launched his campaign after radio executives censored the phrase "syphilis control" from a talk, leading Parran to cancel his appearance. Newspapers across the United States reprinted the censored speech.
675:
In June 2018, the
University of Pittsburgh announced that it would remove Parran's name from the campus building that houses the Graduate School of Public Health due to his involvement in the infamous
667:
association to consider renaming the award. In April, 2013, after some consultation with members, the Association executive renamed the Thomas Parran Award as 'The ASTDA Distinguished Career Award'.
508:, reports from Europe indicated that the public health situation was dire, prompt action was needed, and a highly qualified medical officer was required to direct the Public Health Division of the
658:. Most of his papers concerning his tenure as Surgeon General and his work after are held at the University of Pittsburgh. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery with his second wife Carol.
1379:
824:
In J. Broch (dir.), Médecins et politique (XVIe – XXe siècles). Études d’histoire des idées politiques et sociales, Bordeaux, LEH Édition, coll. « Les Cahiers du droit de la santé »
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not entirely clear. Based upon the evidence available today, it might not be possible to determine with certainty Dr. Parran’s level of knowledge and involvement in the studies.”
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433:. His primary task was chairing a Special Health Commission whose recommendations (1932) provided a framework to bolster county health departments in the face of needs in the
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in 1930). Kinyoun recruited Parran to join a field team of young physicians under PHS's Dr. Leslie L. Lumsden, building privies and surveying conditions in the
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On 1 October 1948, Surgeon General Parran retired from PHS as Vice Admiral to begin a career in academic administration, to serve as the first dean of the new
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521:'s staff as the Chief of the Public Health Branch and the top public health adviser for Supreme Headquarters, American Expeditionary Forces with the rank of
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541:, and Office of the Surgeon General) that would remain in place through 1967 deftly arranged for the transfer of wartime research contracts from the
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Parran's syphilis control campaign was in full swing by the fall of 1936. Title VI funds supported efforts to identify and treat syphilis, and the
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joined a group of young medical officers who attended 6 months of coursework at the Hygienic Laboratory, receiving the practical equivalent of a
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and public health until his death in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The home of the University of Pittsburgh's Graduate School of Public Health,
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501:(1946–1948), which were conducted by the PHS's Division of Venereal Diseases, partially during his tenure as Surgeon General.
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was published and very well received. However, some scholars have argued that his work against syphilis is tainted by the
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His talents in rural health administration would soon lead him temporarily in a new direction. A reform-minded governor,
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of 1935; Title VI authorized millions for public health departments and for biomedical research. After Surgeon General
414:. Parran worked to sway public sentiment away from moral condemnation of venereal diseases and toward consideration of
569:, and international health. Parran's leadership role in international health affairs dated back to the 1930s with the
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physicians, to whom he gave the leeway to create new institutions and programs in the areas of clinical research into
872:
Stanhope, Bayne-Jones; Turner, Thomas B. (1976), "Planning and Preparation for the European Theater of Operations",
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Sermet, Laurent (2019). "« Carrières et engagement politique de Thomas Parran en santé publique (1892–1968)".
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437:. Few of the commission's recommendations were enacted. Parran's work on syphilis achieved more success. The
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878:, vol. XII, Washington D.C.: Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army, pp. 412–21
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911:"Proposed ten-year postwar program of the United States Public Health Service / Thomas Parran 1944"
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545:, creating an extramural grants program for NIH. Parran also served as a mentor to a generation of
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968:(Press release). Western Pennsylvania Disability History and Action Consortium. August 15, 2018.
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politics in New York and entered national politics as well. In 1934, his former supervisor, now
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to Benjamin and Mary (Latimer) Parran on September 28, 1892. He was raised on his family's
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Parran volunteered at a health laboratory operated by the District of Columbia, under Dr.
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999:"U.S. Public Health Service STD Experiments in Guatemala (1946–1948) and Their Aftermath"
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533:, establishing a four-bureau structure (consisting of the National Institute of Health,
353:, on a scholarship (1911, A.B.; 1915, A.M.). Finances influenced his decision to attend
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966:"University of Pittsburgh Calls Attention to a Dishonorable History in Experimentation"
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Office of Diversity and Inclusion Review Committee on Parran Hall (June 11, 2018).
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746:"Dr. Parran is Sworn In — He Becomes Surgeon General as Morgenthau Praises Record"
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programs. On retiring from Pittsburgh in 1958, Dr. Parran became president of the
17:
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Parran Papers, University of Pittsburgh Archives Service Center. Finding aid at:
585:(WHO) draft constitution was adopted (1946) and led subsequent U.S. delegations.
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926:"Guide to the Thomas Parran Papers, 1892–1968 UA.90.F14 | Digital Pitt"
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593:) was a signal step in this direction. Nevertheless, Parran was attacked by
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A collection of his papers is held at the National Library of Medicine in
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General, Parran remained prominent in international health, active in the
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643:, where he had served as a trustee since 1955. He continued his work in
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made funds available for rapid treatment centers that employed the new
406:. Parran's first leadership position was as Chief of PHS's Division of
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313:(September 28, 1892 – February 16, 1968) was an American physician and
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778:"Controversy engulfs STD association over name of Thomas Parran Award"
550:
517:, to the military headquarters. Draper became a member of General
366:
Parran dropped the Jr. and named his first son Thomas Parran Jr.
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United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps admirals
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United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps officers
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1069:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from
1067:"Office of the Surgeon General: Thomas Parran Jr. (1936–1948)"
27:
Physician and U.S. Public Health Service officer (1892–1968)
897:"Board of Trustees unanimously votes to rename Parran Hall"
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and other communicable diseases, construction of nonprofit
394:, for the first of many assignments in rural sanitation.
345:
farm. He was tutored at home by a relative and attended
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operations, the Public Health Service Acts of 1943 and
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Office of Public Health and Science (4 January 2007).
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as a medical condition and threat to public health.
941:"Sexual diseases research award renamed after vote"
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997:Spector-Bagdady, Kayte; Lombardo, Paul A. (2019).
470:'s term, President Roosevelt appointed Parran as
429:, where in April 1930 Parran took up his post as
357:(1915, M.D.) and to follow with an internship at
1400:Commissioners of Health of the State of New York
1365:Georgetown University School of Medicine alumni
1390:Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel
1380:St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe) alumni
589:Hospital Survey and Construction Act of 1946 (
1360:United States Public Health Service personnel
1100:
641:A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust
543:Office of Scientific Research and Development
479:National Venereal Disease Control Act of 1938
321:from 1936 to 1948, and oversaw the notorious
272:U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps
8:
425:, requested for Parran to be loaned to the
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671:Involvement with unethical experimentation
40:
29:
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771:
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410:(September 1926), a program begun during
547:Public Health Service Commissioned Corps
355:Georgetown University School of Medicine
1410:LĂ©on Bernard Foundation Prize laureates
711:
489:. During 1937 his book about syphilis,
986:. University of Pittsburgh. p. 4.
67:April 6, 1936 – April 6, 1948
1345:Surgeons General of the United States
1116:Surgeons General of the United States
458:, Roosevelt, appointed Parran to the
7:
1375:People from Calvert County, Maryland
472:Surgeon General of the United States
390:. In March 1917, Parran reported to
382:'s Hygienic Laboratory (renamed the
319:Surgeon General of the United States
317:officer. He was appointed the sixth
151:March 5, 1930 – May 6, 1936
55:Surgeon General of the United States
875:Preventive Medicine in World War II
474:; he was sworn in on 6 April 1936.
776:Vergano, Dan (February 27, 2013).
651:, was renamed for Parran in 1969.
625:Pan American Sanitary Organization
25:
1385:20th-century American physicians
1370:University of Pittsburgh faculty
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575:Pan American Health Organization
289:
265:
245:
1395:Truman administration personnel
913:. National Library of Medicine.
579:International Health Conference
939:Vergano, Dan (11 April 2013).
499:Guatemala syphilis experiments
460:Committee on Economic Security
456:President of the United States
1:
327:Guatemala syphilis experiment
981:"Report and Recommendations"
839:Shadow on the Land: Syphilis
595:American Medical Association
439:Columbia Broadcasting System
384:National Institute of Health
323:Tuskegee syphilis experiment
1003:Ethics & Human Research
639:, and became active in the
1426:
798:"Dr. Thomas Parran - 1938"
726:. March 6, 1930. p. 5
539:Bureau of Medical Services
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752:. May 7, 1936. p. 18
701:La Follette–Bulwinkle Act
583:World Health Organization
431:state health commissioner
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1405:Physicians from Maryland
620:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
616:University of Pittsburgh
535:Bureau of State Services
450:Parran became active in
359:Sibley Memorial Hospital
333:Early life and education
222:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
140:of the State of New York
837:Parran, Thomas (1937).
677:Tuskegee Syphilis Study
612:School of Public Health
561:control, prevention of
495:Tuskegee Syphilis Study
843:Reynal & Hitchcock
635:, affiliated with the
629:Rockefeller Foundation
571:Rockefeller Foundation
553:and other conditions,
388:Southern United States
137:Commissioner of Health
577:. Parran chaired the
380:Public Health Service
339:St. Leonard, Maryland
337:Parran was born near
315:Public Health Service
278:Years of service
202:St. Leonard, Maryland
99:Franklin D. Roosevelt
79:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1073:on 16 September 2008
802:Villanova University
687:In a 1947 letter to
497:(1932–1972) and the
462:, which drafted the
1015:10.1002/eahr.500010
689:John Charles Cutler
662:Thomas Parran Award
515:Warren Fales Draper
491:Shadow on the Land,
464:Social Security Act
351:Annapolis, Maryland
162:Matthias Nicoll Jr.
845:. pp. 1–309.
656:Bethesda, Maryland
485:drugs and, later,
423:Franklin Roosevelt
392:Okmulgee, Oklahoma
347:St. John's College
199:September 28, 1892
130:Leonard A. Scheele
18:Thomas Parran, Jr.
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633:Avalon Foundation
523:brigadier general
519:Dwight Eisenhower
427:State of New York
408:Venereal Diseases
376:Joseph J. Kinyoun
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215:February 16, 1968
174:Edward S. Godfrey
103:Herbert H. Lehman
16:(Redirected from
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