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sympathiser and a
Catholic, was accused, tried, convicted, and hanged for the crime on 11 February 1869 in Ottawa. The jury was decisively swayed by the forensic evidence that Whelan's gun had been fired shortly before the killing, together with the circumstantial evidence that he had threatened and
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in Canada. He remained a persistent critic of
American institutions, and of the American way of life. He accused the Americans of hostile and expansionist motives toward Canada and of desiring to spread its republican ideas over all of North America. McGee worked energetically for continued Canadian
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In addition the
Catholic bishops proved unable to control the Fenians in either the US or Canada. A final factor explaining the influence of the Fenians was the courting of the Irish Catholic vote by Canadian non-Catholic politicians. Behind all these reasons was Canadian fear of the 'Green Ghost':
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P. M. Toner argues that the assassination was an important historical marker in Irish-Canadian history. He argues that the Fenian element among the
Canadian Catholic Irish was powerful in the 1860s. The reasons for Fenian influence included McGee's failure to rally moderate Irish support before his
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On 5 November 1867 McGee delivered an oration titled "The Mental Outfit of the New
Dominion." The address surveyed the literary status of Canada on the eve of the first Dominion Parliament. McGee's views were a combination of Tory principle, revelation, and empirical method. He suggested a national
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On 7 April 1868, McGee participated in a parliamentary debate that went on past midnight. After finishing, he walked back to the boarding house where he was staying. McGee was opening the door to Mrs. Trotter's
Boarding House in Ottawa when he was shot in the head by someone waiting for him on the
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right to representation in the assembly. In terms of economics he promoted modernisation, calling for extensive economic development by means of railway construction, the fostering of immigration, and the application of a high protective tariff to encourage manufacturing. Politically active, he
498:. He became the lead editor in 1844, While writing widely as well on Irish literature and politics. He advocated the union of Canada into the United States, saying, "Either by purchase, conquest, or stipulation, Canada must be yielded by Great Britain to this Republic."
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469:. In 1842 at age 17, McGee left Ireland with his sister due to a poor relationship with their stepmother, Margaret Dea, who had married his father in 1840 after the death of his mother 22 August 1833. In 1842 he sailed from Wexford harbour aboard the brig
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who resembled his younger self politically, in
Ireland, Canada, and the United States. McGee succeeded in helping achieve Confederation in 1867, but was assassinated by the Fenian Brotherhood, which considered McGee guilty of
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The balance of probabilities suggests that Whelan either shot McGee, or was part of a hit-squad, but there is still room for reasonable doubt as to whether he was the man who actually pulled the trigger.
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stalked McGee. Historian David Wilson points out that forensic tests conducted in 1972 show that the fatal bullet was compatible with both the gun and the bullets that Whelan owned. Wilson concludes:
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inside. Several people came running to the scene; however, there was no sign of the assassin. It was later determined that McGee was assassinated with a shot from a handgun by
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American
Fenianism. After 1870, the failure of American Fenian raids into Canada, followed by the collapse of American Fenianism, led to the decline of Canadian Fenian power.
465:, where the teacher, Michael Donnelly, fed his hunger for knowledge and where he learned of the long history of British rule and Irish opposition, including the more recent
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conservatism.... Catholic dogma and triumphalism, anti-Protestantism, cultural nationalism, and social conservatism were the framework of McGee's thought during the 1850s.
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by Ottawa actor/playwright Pierre Brault. Patrick J. Whelan was hanged in front of an audience of 5,000 people. The assassination of McGee is also a major component of
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conferences of 1864. At Quebec, McGee introduced the resolution which called for a guarantee of the educational rights of religious minorities in the two
Canadas.
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He emigrated to
Montreal in 1857, believing Canada was far more hospitable to the Catholic Irish than was the United States. He downplayed the importance of the
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McGee became the minister of agriculture, immigration, and statistics in the Conservative government which was formed in 1863. He retained that office in the "
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On 20–22 August 2012, the inaugural Thomas D'Arcy McGee Summer School was held in Carlingford, County Louth, Ireland to commemorate and celebrate his legacy.
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in the United States, writing that "Their task is to liberate their slaves, not to travel across the Atlantic for foreign objects of sympathy."
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1199:. Vol. I: United States, Northern Atlantic States, District of Columbia, Great Lakes Region and Canada. Cranford Press. p. 535.
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McGee was given a state funeral in Ottawa known to be one of the largest funerals in Canadian history. He was interred in a crypt at the
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Burns, Robin B. "D'Arcy McGee and the Fenians: A Study of the Interaction between Irish Nationalism and the American Environment."
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in Montreal. His funeral procession in Montreal drew an estimated crowd of 80,000, out of a total city population of 105,000.
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214:(13 April 1825 – 7 April 1868) was an Irish-Canadian politician, Catholic spokesman, journalist, poet, and a
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is a prominent government-owned office building. D'Arcy McGee's Pub stands on the corner of Sparks and Elgin streets.
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When he was hanged, it was in front of 5,000 people and this was also the last time this was done in public in Canada
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In the United States, he achieved prominence in Irish-American circles and founded and edited the New York-based
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490:, a Catholic newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts. He specialized in articles expounding the movement for Irish
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446:, which later influenced his writing and political activity. When he was eight years old, his family moved to
892:, Halifax. In 2005, the gun that was used to assassinate McGee was purchased at auction for $ 105,000 by the
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resulted in a warrant for his arrest. McGee escaped disguised as a priest and returned to the United States.
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Thomas D'Arcy McGee: a commemoration 1998: Recalling the escape of D'Arcy McGee to America, September 1848
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in America that advocated a forcible takeover of Canada from Britain by the United States. Following the
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Conspiracy theorists questioned his guilt, suggesting that he was a scapegoat for a Protestant plot.
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revolutionary who sought a peasant insurrection to expel the British from Ireland. Gerber writes:
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Warkentin, Germaine (1982). "D'Arcy McGee and the Critical Act: A Nineteenth-Century Oration".
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and the United States. Historian David Gerber traces a dramatic transformation from the
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death, and the fact that no convincing moderate leader replaced McGee after his death.
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531:. He also wrote a number of history books. In common with several other Young Ireland
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Kirwin, Bill. "The Radical Youth of a Conservative: D'Arcy McGee in Young Ireland."
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Understanding the Thomas D'Arcy McGee Assassination: a legal and historical analysis
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and worked for the creation of an independent Canada. McGee earned a law degree at
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After 1851, however, he veered increasingly toward the opposite pole, espousing an
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1984:
Radio documentary about the McGee murder, Canada's first political assassination
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Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada East
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In 1845, he returned to Ireland where he became politically active and edited
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1721:. Congrégation de Notre-Dame Archives and Marguerite-Bourgeoys Historic Site.
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literature inspired by the creativity and ingenuity of the Canadian people.
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seeing in imperialism the protection Canada needed from all American ills.
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in 1848, where he reversed his political beliefs. He became disgusted with
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Toner, P. M. (1981). "The 'Green Ghost': Canada's Fenians and the Raids".
1917:
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288:. His passion for Confederation garnered him the title: 'Canada's first
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in his political beliefs and in his religious support for the embattled
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354: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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154:
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Snell, J. G. (1972). "Thomas D'Arcy McGee and the American Republic".
861:
Thomas D'Arcy McGee Catholic High School in Montreal (closed in 1992).
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The making of an American pluralism: Buffalo, New York, 1825–60
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John A.: The Man Who Made Us: The Life and Times of John A. Macdonald
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Moderating his radical Irish nationalist views, McGee denounced the
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McGee's mausoleum in Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery, Montreal, 1927
611:. In his editorials and pamphlets he attacked the influence of the
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https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/12273/1/fulltext.pdf
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2012:
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and likely at the Wexford Town Station near Customs House Quay.
263:
2016:
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a novel about Irish immigration to Canada by Canadian novelist
1862:
Thomas D'Arcy McGee: Passion, Reason, and Politics, 1825–1857,
1801:
Thomas D'Arcy McGee: Volume 2: The Extreme Moderate, 1857–1868
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In 1986, a Chair of Irish Studies was set up in his honour at
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McGee also has several schools named in his honour including:
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1883:
Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours
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is marked by a plaque presented by the government of Canada.
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attempts to overthrow British rule and create an independent
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is named in his honour, as well as two villages in central
679:. However, he had lost much of his Irish Catholic support.
1947:
807:. His parents' grave in the grounds of Wexford's historic
1855:
The ardent exile: The life and times of Thos. Darcy McGee
1156:. Vol. One: 1815–1867. Vintage Canada. p. 217.
1967:
Thomas D'Arcy McGee – Parliament of Canada biography
477:
he wrote many of his early poems, mostly about Ireland.
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1661:. Ottawa Tourism and Convention Authority. 24 May 2023.
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19th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada
292:'. McGee also vocally denounced the activities of the
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Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
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advocated a new nationality in Canada, to escape the
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A monument to McGee stands at Tremone Bay, in north
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McGee eventually grew disillusioned with democracy,
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2430:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
1593:D'Arcy McGee, Thomas (1998). Beattie, Seán (ed.).
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2007:Photograph: Thomas D'Arcy McGee's Mausoleum, 1927
1227:(3rd ed.). Gill and MacMillan. p. 246.
843:Thomas D'Arcy McGee Catholic School (elementary,
450:, where his father, James McGee, was employed by
1647:. Dundalk Institute of Technology. 29 July 2019.
547:, McGee attacked supporters of the abolitionist
1955:The Canadian Encyclopedia – Thomas D’Arcy McGee
1701:"Symmes Junior & D'Arcy McGee High Schools"
1645:"8th Annual Thomas D'Arcy McGee Summer School"
626:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
316:was convicted of McGee's murder and executed.
312:, in 1868. Montreal Fenian Brotherhood member
284:in forming a self-governing Canada within the
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1547:. The Stonecrusher Press. pp. 335, 352.
1284:. University of Illinois Press. p. 157.
1010:
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885:, located approximately 20 kilometres apart.
8:
2385:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
793:, unveiled during a visit in 1991 by former
736:The case is dramatised in the Canadian play
27:Canadian Father of Confederation (1825–1868)
2390:Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
733:stands near the site of the assassination.
624:of Ireland. In 1858, he was elected to the
276:in 1857 and worked hard to convince fellow
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2013:
1864:(2007), major scholarly biography, vol 1.
1824:Burns, Robin B. "McGee, Thomas D'Arcy" in
1196:Irish America: The Historical Travel Guide
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869:provincial electoral district (riding) of
836:D'Arcy McGee Catholic School (elementary,
603:In 1857, he set up the publication of the
480:He soon found work as assistant editor of
49:
38:
2470:Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
1675:. Toronto Catholic District School Board.
1524:"The assassination of Thomas Darcy McGee"
414:Learn how and when to remove this message
83:24 September 1867 – 7 April 1868
2001:Photograph: Thomas D'Arcy McGee, 1863–67
2455:McGill University Faculty of Law alumni
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2284:Prevention of Crime (Ireland) Act 1848
1597:. Lighthouse Publications. p. 5.
1484:
1403:
838:Toronto Catholic District School Board
543:. In the 4 August 1849 edition of the
473:, bound for the United States. On the
2525:Politicians assassinated in the 1860s
2415:People from Carlingford, County Louth
1995:Photograph: Thomas D'Arcy McGee, 1866
1989:Photograph: Thomas D'Arcy McGee, 1863
1905:Works by or about Thomas D'Arcy McGee
1845:The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies
1733:"Museum buys McGee assassination gun"
1687:"Thomas D'Arcy McGee Catholic School"
1218:
1216:
845:Ottawa-Carleton Catholic School Board
438:. From his mother, the daughter of a
7:
2445:Immigrants to the Province of Canada
990:Source: Canadian Elections Database
352:adding citations to reliable sources
242:. He escaped arrest and fled to the
2324:
1980:. Dublin, M H Gill & Son, 1920.
1803:. McGill-Queen's University Press.
1307:Canadian Review of American Studies
632:and was called to the bar in 1861.
1857:(Macmillan Company of Can., 1951).
1346:. Garden City Press. p. 281.
1248:Fanning, Bryan (1 November 2017).
430:, he was born on 13 April 1825 in
25:
2435:19th-century Irish-language poets
2365:Assassinated Canadian politicians
1715:"Thomas D'Arcy McGee High School"
1458:The Assassination of D'Arcy McGee
1340:Skelton (Murphy), Isabel (1925).
539:and defended the continuation of
513:Young Irelander Rebellion of 1848
2323:
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1949:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1932:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1921:
1914:Works by Thomas D'Arcy McGee
1826:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1502:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
755:McGee funeral procession in 1868
328:
197:
2505:Canadian Roman Catholic writers
2450:Politicians from County Wexford
1689:. Ottawa Catholic School Board.
1498:"Assassination of D'Arcy McGee"
1343:The Life of Thomas D'Arcy McGee
1225:A Dictionary of Irish Biography
894:Canadian Museum of Civilization
701:Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges
461:In Wexford he attended a local
339:needs additional citations for
1703:. Western Québec School Board.
1673:"School History and Tradition"
933:1867 Canadian federal election
1:
2480:Irish-language Canadian poets
2410:Politicians from County Louth
1944:Assassination of D’Arcy McGee
1390:The Canadian Portrait Gallery
1025:1867 Ontario general election
2425:Deaths by firearm in Ontario
2122:Irish Republican Brotherhood
1896:Works by Thomas D'Arcy McGee
1462:. Doubleday Canada. p.
827:Thomas D'Arcy McGee Building
731:Thomas D'Arcy McGee Building
541:slavery in the United States
2520:Lawyers from County Wexford
2440:19th-century Canadian poets
1937:University of Toronto Press
1929:"Thomas D'Arcy McGee".
1920:(public domain audiobooks)
1887:National Assembly of Quebec
1752:Canadian Elections Database
1421:Journal of Canadian Studies
1387:Dent, John Charles (1881).
1039:
947:
852:Western Quebec School Board
760:Impact of the assassination
675:representing the riding of
667:, McGee was elected to the
280:to cooperate with Canadian
30:For the Quebec riding, see
2551:
2530:Irish proslavery activists
2495:19th-century Irish lawyers
2420:People murdered in Ontario
1659:"D'Arcy McGee's Irish Pub"
1045:
1042:
950:
850:D'Arcy McGee High School,
442:bookseller he learned the
29:
2515:Lawyers from County Louth
2510:Writers from County Louth
2297:
1799:Wilson, David A. (2011).
1624:Celtic Life International
1528:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1522:Wilson, David A. (2015).
1393:. JB Magurn. p. 146.
1278:Gerber, David A. (1989).
1193:Demeter, Richard (1997).
1128:
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791:Carlingford, County Louth
258:. McGee became intensely
222:. The young McGee was an
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162:Manner of death
134:Carlingford, County Louth
111:
76:
57:
48:
2475:Writers of Irish descent
2380:Fathers of Confederation
2370:Assassinations in Canada
1735:. CBC News. 23 May 2005.
1541:MacNab, Charles (2013).
1454:Slattery, T. P. (1968).
795:Prime Minister of Canada
456:His Majesty's Coastguard
18:Thomas d'Arcy McGee
2289:Treason Felony Act 1848
2107:Young Ireland rebellion
1748:"1867 Federal Election"
890:Saint Mary's University
669:1st Canadian Parliament
665:Confederation of Canada
2465:1868 murders in Canada
2208:Thomas Francis Meagher
1837:(1967) 4#3: 260–273.
1319:10.3138/CRAS-003-01-03
1223:Boylan, Henry (1998).
1152:Gwyn, Richard (2008).
782:
756:
600:
248:American republicanism
234:, and was part of the
220:Canadian Confederation
2395:Irish Roman Catholics
2375:Canadian nationalists
2218:William Smith O'Brien
1866:online free to borrow
1620:"Thomas D'Arcy McGee"
1254:Irish Review of Books
780:
754:
595:A statue of McGee on
594:
527:and the Boston-based
452:the Irish coast guard
363:"Thomas D'Arcy McGee"
2223:Kevin Izod O'Doherty
2112:Penal transportation
1960:4 March 2016 at the
1433:10.3138/jcs.17.2.119
959:Liberal–Conservative
840:, Toronto, Ontario);
727:government of Canada
673:Liberal-Conservative
432:Carlingford, Ireland
348:improve this article
256:Classical Liberalism
177:Liberal-Conservative
106:Michael Patrick Ryan
2258:Patrick James Smyth
2248:Thomas Devin Reilly
2193:Thomas D'Arcy McGee
2168:Charles Gavan Duffy
2096:A Nation Once Again
2090:Revolutions of 1848
2080:Irish Confederation
2075:Irish republicanism
1935:(online ed.).
1853:Phelan, Josephine.
1758:on 22 January 2024.
1746:Sayers, Anthony M.
1368:. McGill University
1366:"The first decades"
1079:Thomas D'Arcy McGee
964:Thomas D'Arcy McGee
847:, Ottawa, Ontario);
509:Irish Confederation
212:Thomas D'Arcy McGee
187:Frank Charles McGee
65:Canadian Parliament
43:Thomas D'Arcy McGee
2485:Newspaper founders
2309:Ireland portal
2228:Patrick O'Donoghue
2183:James Fintan Lalor
2058:Repeal Association
1860:Wilson, David A.
1487:, pp. 384–385
1250:"Slaves to a Myth"
1091:Total valid votes
783:
757:
661:Fenian Brotherhood
601:
537:proslavery thought
492:self-determination
444:history of Ireland
434:, and raised as a
294:Fenian Brotherhood
274:Province of Canada
94:Riding established
2490:Public historians
2337:
2336:
2158:John Blake Dillon
2117:Van Diemen's Land
2070:Irish nationalism
1977:The Felon's Track
1900:Project Gutenberg
1835:University Review
1810:978-0-7735-3903-7
1774:Elections Ontario
1604:978-0-9520481-4-5
1554:978-0-9812667-1-8
1291:978-0-252-01595-3
1206:978-0-9648253-3-8
1163:978-0-679-31476-9
1136:
1135:
1131:Elections Ontario
994:
993:
900:Electoral history
738:Blood on the Moon
707:Patrick J. Whelan
694:Patrick J. Whelan
630:McGill University
615:and defended the
535:, McGee espoused
424:
423:
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314:Patrick J. Whelan
305:Irish Republicans
209:
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16:(Redirected from
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2500:Canadian lawyers
2360:Anti-Americanism
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2233:Richard O'Gorman
2198:Terence MacManus
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1909:Internet Archive
1890:
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927:
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643:delegate to the
609:Montreal, Quebec
579:devotion to the
549:Daniel O'Connell
496:Daniel O’Connell
467:uprising of 1798
426:Widely known as
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2009:– McCord Museum
2003:– McCord Museum
1997:– McCord Museum
1991:– McCord Museum
1962:Wayback Machine
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1819:Further reading
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1770:"Data Explorer"
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1023:
936:
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805:Charles Haughey
775:
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689:
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597:Parliament Hill
589:
521:
482:Patrick Donahoe
420:
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278:Irish Canadians
173:Political party
168:(gunshot wound)
149:
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436:Roman Catholic
422:
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301:secret society
286:British Empire
240:Irish Republic
224:Irish Catholic
207:
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189:(great-nephew)
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746:Jane Urquhart
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687:Assassination
686:
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677:Montreal West
674:
671:in 1867 as a
670:
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645:Charlottetown
642:
639:", and was a
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556:republicanism
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365: –
364:
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359:Find sources:
353:
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337:This section
335:
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166:Assassination
164:
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131:13 April 1825
123:
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72:
71:Montreal West
66:
60:
56:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2460:McGee family
2277:British laws
2238:John O'Leary
2213:John Mitchel
2192:
2153:Thomas Davis
2138:Joseph Blake
2094:
2085:Great Hunger
2062:
1975:
1948:
1939:. 1979–2016.
1930:
1882:
1861:
1854:
1844:
1834:
1825:
1800:
1778:. Retrieved
1764:
1756:the original
1751:
1741:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1695:
1681:
1667:
1653:
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1623:
1613:
1594:
1588:
1580:
1579:(4): 27–47.
1576:
1573:Éire-Ireland
1572:
1543:
1536:
1527:
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:
1492:
1480:
1457:
1449:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1399:
1389:
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1360:
1342:
1335:
1313:(1): 33–44.
1310:
1306:
1300:
1280:
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1257:
1253:
1243:
1224:
1195:
1172:
1153:
1147:
1121:
1078:
1074:Conservative
963:
887:
875:Saskatchewan
871:D'Arcy-McGee
864:
831:
816:
813:
784:
767:
763:
741:
737:
735:
724:
721:
705:
698:
690:
681:
658:
634:
622:sectarianism
613:Orange Order
604:
602:
576:Orange Order
573:
568:ultramontane
553:
544:
532:
528:
524:
522:
502:
500:
487:Boston Pilot
485:
479:
474:
470:
463:hedge school
460:
454:(then under
428:D'Arcy McGee
427:
425:
410:
401:
391:
384:
377:
370:
358:
346:Please help
341:verification
338:
298:paramilitary
271:
260:monarchistic
228:British rule
226:who opposed
211:
210:
146:(1868-04-07)
144:7 April 1868
101:Succeeded by
93:
78:
36:
32:D'Arcy-McGee
2355:1868 deaths
2350:1825 births
2329:WikiProject
2253:John Savage
2203:John Martin
2178:John Kenyon
2173:Philip Gray
2148:Robert Cane
1879:"Biography"
1485:Wilson 2011
1404:Wilson 2011
1263:11 November
1256:(article).
290:nationalist
282:Protestants
89:Preceded by
2344:Categories
2268:Jane Wilde
2064:The Nation
1406:, p.
1352:1015365672
1139:References
1040:Candidate
948:Candidate
800:and Irish
504:The Nation
404:April 2021
374:newspapers
320:Early life
310:Shoneenism
303:of exiled
127:1825-04-13
1472:422290671
1441:152113212
1327:154710276
802:Taoiseach
194:Signature
183:Relatives
136:, Ireland
79:In office
2319:Category
1958:Archived
1918:LibriVox
1780:15 March
1372:26 March
1129:Source:
1030:Prescott
641:Canadian
599:, Ottawa
157:, Canada
2051:General
1946:in the
1907:at the
1793:Sources
1507:28 July
1119:Liberal
1054:Liberal
976:Liberal
773:Honours
655:Fenians
605:New Era
533:émigrés
494:led by
448:Wexford
388:scholar
267:Pius IX
232:Ireland
155:Ontario
1849:online
1839:online
1829:online
1807:
1776:. 1867
1629:6 June
1601:
1551:
1470:
1439:
1350:
1325:
1288:
1231:
1203:
1160:
1122:pickup
1086:49.33
1066:50.67
1037:Party
1027::
985:2,477
968:2,676
951:Votes
945:Party
935::
879:D'Arcy
867:Quebec
825:, the
711:Fenian
649:Quebec
587:Canada
545:Nation
525:Nation
440:Dublin
390:
383:
376:
369:
361:
254:, and
216:Father
151:Ottawa
1437:S2CID
1323:S2CID
1110:1,998
1100:82.78
1095:1,654
1043:Votes
883:McGee
821:, in
742:Away,
395:JSTOR
381:books
1805:ISBN
1782:2024
1631:2024
1599:ISBN
1549:ISBN
1509:2024
1468:OCLC
1374:2023
1348:OCLC
1286:ISBN
1265:2018
1229:ISBN
1201:ISBN
1158:ISBN
881:and
865:The
725:The
709:, a
647:and
511:and
484:'s
367:news
296:, a
264:Pope
141:Died
121:Born
69:for
1916:at
1898:at
1464:465
1429:doi
1408:304
1315:doi
1258:102
1083:816
1063:838
817:On
729:'s
607:in
475:Leo
471:Leo
350:by
230:in
218:of
2346::
1974:.
1881:.
1772:.
1750:.
1717:.
1622:.
1577:16
1575:.
1563:^
1526:.
1500:.
1466:.
1435:.
1425:17
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