419:, and when dead, handed down through others who will preserve it, and not let it fall back again into the pernicious practices that have so long plagued the world under high-sounding names of learned quackery. If I am to be remembered at all, for I am past the age of ambition, I want it to be as a benefactor and not as a curse to mankind ; and this depends upon the fact, whether the learned Faculty on one side, from design and malice, and the ignorant Impostors on the other, from love of gain, shall abuse my system, and turn a great good into a great evil, till the people lose all confidence in the genuine by being poisoned by the counterfeit.
357:(1839), where he expressed that he was worried about the use other people could do under his name. Partly because of this, he took great care to guard his patented cures, and used legal authority to prevent others from manufacturing and selling lobelia pills, for instance. He sold rights to use his system of medicine to any family for $ 20. Right-holders were able to purchase Thomson's herbs and formulas, which he distributed from a central warehouse, and a copy of Thomson's book. He had sold over 100,000 patents by 1840, but this consortium was broken by Alva Curtis, who created the "Independent Thomsonian Medical Society" to train practitioners.
92:
327:), by consuming some in court. Also, the judge found no basis to establish Thomson's fault or negligence. Subsequent literature reviews have failed to demonstrate any deaths or symptoms more dangerous than emesis from even significantly larger doses than Thomson administered in the Ezra Lovett case; but, medical reviews about Thomson's trial were diverse at the time, sometimes very critical. Thomson, however, gave his own account of this case in two of his later books, where he wrote that first he had helped the young man get better, but after carelessness at home, he told the father to seek someone else, though the father refused:
167:
269:
an almost continued succession of new and novel things, since the creation; and yet our knowledge as well as the improvement of our intellectual faculties remain very imperfect. I do not pretend to say, that Dr. Thomson's Theory or
Practice of Medicine is in a state of perfection; but I do say and believe, that they approach nearer to this state than any other with which I am acquainted, or that I have reason to believe is known to, or practiced by, the Medical Faculty of America or Europe.
340:", restricting the practice of unconventional medicine. Black laws were labeled as such by unconventional medical practitioners as a way of comparing them with laws restricting African Americans from practicing medicine and engaging in other activities. The laws were of small practical effect and were mostly repealed by the 1820s. Thomson saw this as an attempt to destroy his personal career, as he had denounced some of the medical techniques of the time, in 1839, he wrote:
399:
appreciated... he was involved by Mr. Locke in the famous Morgan
Masonic controversy, the raging in New York. This leads us to state than a share, and possible no small proportion, of Thomson's troubles, came also from his pronounced political activity, at a time when in American politics no toleration whatever was exhibited by one party for an adherent of the opposite political faith... Thomson's allegiance to the minority party of that date led to much of his persecution.
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156:
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advertises in the
National Intelligencer. I know nothing of what he may do under color of my name and I wish the people there to understand it and not lay any blame to the Thomsonian system for any thing he may do....Among those who have been or are using my name and medicines without any authority from me are Charles Holman, Portsmouth, N. H.; John A. Brown, Providence, R. I.; G. Larabee at Baltimore; Clark & Wilder at Randolph, Mass.
148:
attend such a mode of procedure with the sick; and have turned my attention to those medicines that grow in our own country, which the God of nature has prepared for the benefit of mankind. Long has a general medicine been sought for, and I am confident I have found such as are universally applicable in all cases of disease, and which may be used with safety and success, in the hands of the people.
279:
38:
348:. In Massachusetts, they began in 1808 to get the Legislature to help them put me down, and in that State and many others, laws have been passed since that time to prevent my collecting my debts, and to make medical practice, without a college diploma, a crime. But in nearly every State where these unjust laws were passed, the people have caused them to be repealed.
378:
politics...Populists and
Elitists...rural and urban. The tribulations of this former pig farmer rocked the young republic for over a decade and were headlines everywhere. Because of the success of Thomson and his followers, states began, for the first time, regulating medical practice along party and class lines. Messy and fascinating stuff.
99:
of nineteen, while he was chopping wood, his ankle sustained a severe injury which, despite the ministration of a local doctor, refused to heal. His condition worsened and the family feared for his life. He decided to treat the wound himself with a comfrey root and turpentine plaster—after some weeks he was able to make a recovery.
136:, and the adjoining towns. During the first half of the 19th century, his system had numerous followers, including some of his sons. It was based upon opening the paths of elimination so that toxins could be removed via physiological processes. This was not unique to Thomson: so-called "regular physicians" used
377:
Thomson's movement had affected a million or more
Americans, started a medical reformation that would not peak for another 50 years, and the brightest medical minds of the time were split vehemently both against and for Thomson's right to practice...bitterly divided between Federalists and Republican
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I told the young man’s father, that it was very doubtful whether I could do any thing that would help him, but that I would try and do all I could. I found that the patient was so far gone that the medicine would have no effect, and in two hours told him that I could not help his son, and advised him
98:
At the age of sixteen he had hoped to study with a local "root" doctor (at that time there was no official licensing of the medical profession) but his parents did not think he had the education and could not spare him from his work. Thus, he became resigned to his life as a farm laborer. At the age
440:
New guide to health, or, Botanic family physician : containing a complete system of practice, upon a plan entirely new ; with a description of the vegetables made use of, and directions for preparing and administering them to cure disease ; to which is prefixed A narrative of the life
364:
Almost every newspaper from abroad brings the name of some person setting up as a
Thomsonian Doctor and passing as my agent, of whom I know nothing and who knows nothing of my system or medicines from me. A man calling himself Benjamin Thomson has just opened in Alexandria, District of Columbia, and
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The science of medicine is confessed by the best men who have ever honored its splendid halls, or enlightened its mazy paths, to be in a very imperfect state; then why should we reject or condemn, without a close examination, a theory and practice merely because they are new or novel? There has been
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Much of what is at this day called medicine, is deadly poison, and were people to know what is offered them of this kind they would absolutely refuse ever to receive it as a medicine. This I have long seen and known to be true; and have laboured hard for many years to convince them of the evils that
985:
The steam doctor's defence : exhibiting the superiority of the
Thomsonian system of medicine, in relieving and curing disease : consisting of facts and extracts, from the writings of the most respectable authors on the system : to which is added, some account of the cholera, and its
288:
Despite
Thomson's popularity, some licensed doctors came to resent his work, and he was criticized for his techniques. On the one hand, some people who received his training broke with him and went on to pursue advanced medical education, founding physiomedicalism, while on the other hand, some of
83:
From a young age he became curious about the various plants which he saw growing in the countryside and their medicinal uses. Much of his early knowledge was acquired from a local widow woman, who had acquired a reputation as a healer because of her skill with herbal remedies. Thomson also used to
421:
I trust my life will be long enough to enable me to warn the people against these two rocks, upon which the
Thomsonian practice will be in the greatest danger of shipwreck. This has been the sole object of all my warnings, published to guard against impostors. It is no longer a question that this
414:
I have devoted most of a long life to reducing to a safe and simple practice a system of medical treatment, that should remedy the evils with which mankind has been afflicted to an incalculable amount, ever since the introduction of mineral poisons in the fifteenth century, which have ever since,
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One ounce of the emetic herb, two ounces of cayenne, one-half pound bay-berry root bark in powder, one pound poplar bark, one pint of the rheumatic drops. This stock will be sufficient for a family for one year, with such articles as they can easily procure themselves when wanted, and will enable
233:
came under intense scrutiny, so
Thomson's innovative system was presented as an appealing alternative that allowed each individual (working classes included) to administer his or her own treatment using natural products. A favorable opinion of his system was given by the contemporary physician
398:
One can not now easily enter into the problems of that day concerning medicine and the practice of medicine. The passion, the dogmatism, the vituperation of the period, the suppression of free thought and investigation outside authority, is a something that can not now be expressed or readily
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to call some other advice; this was said in the presence of Elder Williams, and Mr. Raymond. Mr. Lovett made answer that if I could not help his son, he knew of none who could, and was very desirous for me to stay with him all night, which I did, and stood by his bed the whole time.
117:. After the birth of their first child, Susanna became very ill, and a parade of seven conventional doctors were unable to cure her. Samuel arranged for two "root doctors" to treat his wife, who returned to health the next day. Thomson and Susanna went on to have eight children.
150:
After thirty years study and repeated successful trials of the medicinal vegetables of our country, in all the diseases incident to our climate; I can, with well grounded assurance, recommend my system of practice and medicines to the public, as salutary and
524:
Report of the trial of Dr. Samuel Thomson, the founder of the Thomsonian practice, for an alleged libel in warning the public against the impositions of Paine D. Badger, as a Thomsonian physician sailing under false colors, before Judge Thacher, in the
415:
formed the materia medica of the regular doctors, as they are called, and which are given to cure sick men, though sure to kill well ones if administered to them...But I wish, while living, to see my system promulgated, if at all, in its
354:
Report of the trial of Dr. Samuel Thomson, the founder of the Thomsonian practice, for an alleged libel in warning the public against the impositions of Paine D. Badger, as a Thomsonian physician sailing under false colors, before Judge
88:, which became an important remedy in the system of medicine he later founded. Unaware of the medicinal properties of the plant, Thomson used to trick other boys into eating it, which caused them to vomit because of its emetic nature.
484:
A narrative of the life and medical discoveries of Samuel Thomson : containing an account of his system of practice, and the manner of curing disease with vegetable medicine, upon a plan entirely new
465:
A course of fifteen lectures, on medical botany, denominated Thomson's theory of medical practice; in which the various theories that have preceded it, are reviewed and compared; delivered in Cincinnati,
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them to cure any disease which a family of common size may be afflicted with during that time. The expenses will be small and much better than to employ a doctor, and have his extravagant bill to pay.
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A Narrative of the Life and Medical Discoveries of Samuel Thomson, Containing an account of his system of practice and the manner of curing disease with vegetable medicine, upon a plan entirely new.
474:
A course of fifteen lectures, on medical botany : denominated Thomson's new theory of medical practice : in which the various theories that have preceded it are reviewed and compared
76:, the second-eldest of six children. His father, John Thomson, was a farmer and the family lived in a remote country area which Thomson described as a "wilderness". Both of his parents were
129:, who treated his wife and taught Thomson some of their methods. Subsequently, Thomson used steam baths and herbs to cure one of his daughters and a son, and a few of his neighbors.
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At the age of 21, Samuel's father left for Vermont, placing Samuel in charge of the farm and leaving his mother and sister in his care. Soon after, his mother became ill with
1099:
449:
The friend to health : being a selection of valuable truths relating to the preservation of health from the works of Thatcher, Franklin, Thomson, Salzmann, &c
250:, America has sent up from its humblest walks, a self-taught and gifted Thomson, who has done for medicine what those eminent men achieved for religion and philosophy.
995:
Discussions between several members of the regular medical faculty, and the Thomsonian botanic physicians : on the comparative merits of their respective systems
313:. He was legally charged by Lovett's father, but Thomson was acquitted when one of his defense counsel demonstrated that one of the prosecution's exhibits, labeled "
373:, gives a flavor criticism of the debate of the times, stating that Thomson's own perception of the controversies was "couched in seeming venal paranoia", and that:
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Displeased with the conventional medicines and enthusiastic about the results he had had by means of his system, he proposed it as a natural alternative, stating:
977:
A vindication of the Thomsonian system of the practice of medicine on botanical principles : as originated by Samuel Thomson, and continued by his coadjutors
938:
Historical sketch of the Thomsonian system of the practice of medicine on botanical principles, as originated by Samuel Thomson, and continued by his coadjutors
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140:, a toxic mercury-based compound, to induce vomiting and purgation. Thomson's more moderate and less toxic means attracted large numbers of followers.
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accused him of lack of anatomical and physiological knowledge, and they attributed Thomson's downfall to a reluctance to interact more with doctors.
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in Canada; his main work passing through 13 editions, and also finding German advocates who translated his main work into the German language.
677:. Volume 696 of Harvard College Library history of science project. Cincinnati, Ohio. Printed and published for the use of the people. p. 14
662:. Volume 696 of Harvard College Library history of science project. Cincinnati, Ohio. Printed and published for the use of the people. p. 14
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in the 1830s, and families far from established towns came to rely on it. At that time, licensed doctors and many of their methods such as
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Learned quackery exposed, or, Theory according to art : as exemplified in the practice of the fashionable doctors of the present day
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Life and medical discoveries of Samuel Thomson, and a history of the Thomsonian materia medica, as shown in "The new guide to health"
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Black Laws of Virginia: A Summary of the Legislative Acts of Virginia Concerning Negroes from Earliest Times to the Present
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Another opinion by botanist William Hance was given before the Botanic Society in Columbus, Ohio, where Hance said of him:
209:(1822), suggested home-made preparations and contempt for conventional medicine which he regarded to be as very expensive:
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In 1809, Thomson was accused of killing a patient, Ezra Lovett, through the administration of excessive amounts of
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and that disease should be treated by restoring the body's natural heat. Thomson's methods for doing this included
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In 1839, he was taken again to court, blamed for Paine D. Badger's use of his system. Thomson himself published a
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394:'s Anti-masonic controversy in New York, and argues that he was thus persecuted in part for political reasons:
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known as "Thomsonian Medicine", which enjoyed wide popularity in the United States during the 19th century.
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his former apprentices like Miler Comings, acknowledged him as an early great mentor. His detractors like
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Thomsonian manual, or, Advocate of the principles which govern the Thomsonian system of medical practice
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Thomsonian manual, or, Advocate of the principles which govern the Thomsonian system of medical practice
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Thomsonian manual, or, Advocate of the principles which govern the Thomsonian system of medical practice
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Thomsonian manual, or, Advocate of the principles which govern the Thomsonian system of medical practice
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Thomson's ultimate position about his own system was stated four years before his death, when he wrote:
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The Toadstool Millionaires: A Social History of Patent Medicines in America before Federal Regulation
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Eventually, Thomson came to believe that the exposure to cold temperatures was an important cause of
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106:, and in spite of the efforts of several doctors, Samuel's mother died when the measles turned into "
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For more than twenty years the Faculty tried to destroy the Thomsonian system by holding it up as a
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Thomsonian practice of midwifery, and treatment of complaints peculiar to women and children
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In this way, Thomson developed his own method, the "Thomsonian System", and practiced in
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812:(Whittet & Shepperson, 1936); reprinted, (New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969)
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The People's Doctors: Samuel Thomson and the American Botanical Movement, 1790–1860
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Eine Beschreibung von dem Leben und medicinischen Erfindungen von Samuel Thomson
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Bodies of Knowledge: The Influence of Slaves on the Antebellum Medical Community
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system will be used, but how it will be used, is what most concerns the public.
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An address and lecture, delivered before the Botanic Society in Columbus, Ohio
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This article is about the herbalist. For the Scottish chemist and author, see
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sample the plants he found growing in the wild—in this way he discovered
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treatment on the Thomsonian plan : with an engraved frontispiece
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Samuel Thomson’s account of the illness and treatment of Ezra Lovett:
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Medical Protestants: The Eclectics in American Medicine, 1825–1939
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Thomson's system, however, was still well received by people like
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Nonetheless, and despite Thomson's acquittal, many states passed "
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It must be a matter of national pride, that if Germany produced a
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One year later, Thomson married Susanna Allen on July 7, 1790, in
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1006:(1828). (An account of Samuel Thomson's life and work, in German)
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A Narrative of the Life and Medical Discoveries of Samuel Thomson
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Tenth Edition. (Jarvis, Pike & Co.: Columbus, Ohio, 1835).
48:(9 February 1769 – 5 October 1843) was a self-taught American
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Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America
748:. Medical herbalism: Journal for the Clinical Practitioner
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Lobelia: Legal considerations in the Samuel Thomson trial
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Medical Herbalism: Journal for the Clinical Practitioner
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Kindly Medicine: Physio-medicalism in America, 1836–1911
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plant, found in a biographical book about Thomson's work
238:, who perceived him as an American medical reformist:
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Four lectures on the Thomsonian practice of medicine
1053:. Various e-books on Thomsonian medicine including
713:"Lobelia: The controversial death of Ezra Lovett?"
647:(W. H. Beers & Co. of Chicago, 1882), p304 ff.
609:The Life and Medical Discoveries of Samuel Thomson
770:New Guide to Health; Or, Botanic Family Physician
218:Moreover, his system of medicine appealed to the
202:(also known as "Indian tobacco" or "puke weed").
125:During his wife's illness, Thomson consulted two
207:New Guide to Health; or Botanic Family Physician
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860:Life and medical discoveries of Samuel Thomson
388:Life and medical discoveries of Samuel Thomson
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656:Thomson, as quoted by Drake, Daniel (1830).
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1100:People from Cheshire County, New Hampshire
910:Report of the Trial of Dr. Samuel Thompson
360:Illustrating another case, Thomson wrote:
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799:(Virginia Tech University thesis, 1997).
702:. Kent State University Press,. p. 46-47
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729:"Lobelia toxicity: A Literature Review"
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441:and medical discoveries of the author
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913:. Boston: Henry P. Lewis. p. 50
641:Dr. Samuel Thompson's Botanic System
121:Development of the Thomsonian System
56:, best known as the founder of the
1095:People from Alstead, New Hampshire
645:The History of Warren County, Ohio
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1051:Classic works in Herbal Medicine
955:(Oxford University Press, 2002).
847:Classic works in herbal medicine
837:(Herbalist, Vol 1, No. 7, 1976).
793:"The Influence of Slave Healers"
595:New Guide to Health, 1835. p. 19
382:Notably, the eclectic herbalist
1090:People in alternative medicine
674:The people's doctors: a review
659:The people's doctors: a review
257:The people's doctors: a review
58:alternative system of medicine
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874:The botanic family physician
297:Legalities and legal charges
193:, and administration of the
970:History of Physiomedicalism
808:Guild, Jane Purcell Guild,
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1057:by J. U. Lloyd (1909) and
317:", was actually the plant
305:Thomson's almanac for 1842
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1061:by Benjamin Colby (1846).
907:Thompson, Samuel (1839).
733:Medical Herbalism Journal
577:Popular Health Movement
405:William Renwick Riddell
1059:A Guide to Health etc.
1029:Haller, John S. 2000.
886:Haller, John S. 1994.
698:Haller, John S. 1997.
671:Drake, Daniel (1830).
628:Toadstool Millionaires
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890:. SIU Press. p. 45.
134:Surry, New Hampshire
115:Keene, New Hampshire
68:Thomson was born in
32:Samuel James Thomson
982:Thomson, Benjamin.
18:Thomsonian medicine
951:Whorton, James C.
835:Dr. Samuel Thomson
536:. (1839). Volume 4
519:. (1838). Volume 3
511:. (1837). Volume 2
495:. (1835). Volume 1
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227:Jacksonian America
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964:(Princeton 1961).
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567:Pharmacognosy
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371:Michael Moore
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74:New Hampshire
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917:28 September
915:. Retrieved
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572:Phytotherapy
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236:Daniel Drake
231:bloodletting
223:anti-elitist
217:
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176:
170:A large red
151:efficacious.
146:
142:
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112:
101:
97:
82:
67:
45:
44:
1085:1843 deaths
1080:1769 births
611:, p. 10 ff.
607:Lloyd J.U.
552:Ethnobotany
220:egalitarian
183:steam baths
1075:Herbalists
1069:Categories
795:- Ch.2 of
583:References
369:Herbalist
338:Black Laws
291:John Brown
127:herbalists
78:Unitarians
64:Early life
849:(webpage)
557:Herbalism
274:Reception
191:laxatives
50:herbalist
625:Harvey.
541:See also
425:—
346:quackery
324:Limonium
253:—
54:botanist
643:- from
631:, Ch. 4
469:(1829)
355:Thacher
315:Lobelia
311:Lobelia
179:illness
160:Lobelia
138:calomel
104:measles
86:Lobelia
70:Alstead
1037:
1026:(1845)
1018:(1835)
998:(1836)
989:(1833)
979:(1825)
941:(1830)
894:
877:(1913)
824:(1839)
689:(1830)
528:(1839)
503:(1836)
487:(1835)
477:(1832)
460:(1828)
452:(1826)
444:(1822)
417:purity
259:(1830)
244:Luther
195:emetic
433:Works
248:Bacon
1035:ISBN
919:2016
892:ISBN
466:Ohio
52:and
1071::
1012:.
817:^
715:.
616:^
600:^
525:Mu
189:,
80:.
72:,
921:.
731:(
321:(
34:.
20:)
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