199:. Over time, the context for Dial's work has expanded to showcase the political and social responsiveness of his artwork, expressing "ideas about black history, slavery, racial discrimination, urban and rural poverty, industrial or environmental collapse, and spiritual salvation". Since 2011 the language surrounding Dial's artwork and practice has shifted. This change in perception was the result of the first touring retrospective of Dial's work curated by art historian and cultural critic Joanne Cubbs for the Indianapolis Museum of Art. In reviews of this exhibition, Dial received unprecedented recognition in the national press, which, for the first time, positioned him as a bonafide contemporary artist. For example, Karen Wilkin of
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252:... But if there's one lesson to take away from "Hard Truths: The Art of Thornton Dial," a triumphant new retrospective at the Indianapolis Museum of Art, it's that Dial, 82, doesn't belong within even the broad confines of that category....What he does can be discussed as art, just art, no surplus notions of outsiderness required....And not just that, but some of the most assured, delightful and powerful art around.
361:, presented a major exhibition entitled "Thornton Dial in the 21st Century," which was followed in 2011–13 by the major touring retrospective "Hard Truths: The Art of Thornton Dial." Dial's works can be found in many notable public and private collections, including those of, among other institutions, the
415:
Chairman of the
Department of Modern and Contemporary Art at the Metropolitan Museum, described the gift, "From Thornton Dial's magisterial constructions to the emblematic compositions by the Gee's Bend quilters from the 1930s onwards, this extraordinary group of works contributes immeasurably to the
134:
moved in with their second cousin, Buddy Jake Dial, who was a farmer. When
Thornton moved in with Buddy Jake, he farmed and learned about the sculptures that Buddy Jake made from items lying around the yard, an experience that influenced him. Dial grew up in poverty and without the presence of his
431:
had a memorial exhibition, on view
February 13 to May 1, 2016, that presented a selection of Dial's exuberant drawings and symbolically rich paintings that the museum has collected over the past twenty years. In April 2016 Marianne Boesky Gallery presented "We All Live Under the Same Old Flag", a
388:
In the works made a few years before the artist’s death, Thornton Dial created layered, heavily textured compositions with an array of found materials, such as ash, wire fencing and scrap metal. Caked onto the thick canvases, the objects are almost unrecognizable—towels look like porous coral and
316:. He draws attention to these themes using the overlooked and under-considered material artifacts of everyday American life. Combining paint and found materials, Dial constructs large-scale assemblages with cast-away objects ranging from rope to bones to buckets. Works such as
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of found materials, often executed on a monumental scale. His range of subjects embraces a broad sweep of history, from human rights to natural disasters and current events. Dial's works are widely held in
American museums; ten of Dial's works were acquired by the
443:
presented "Mr. Dial's
America," a survey of Thornton Dial's work from 1989 - 2011. The show garnered significant press, including a review from the editors of ARTnews, who praised the artist's diverse oeuvre of "early self-portraits as well as paintings treating
423:
by the president of its board of trustees, William A. Royall, and his wife, Pam. Those works are the iconic, "Old Uncle Buck (The Negro Got to Find Out What's Going On in the United States)," from 2002; and the monumental 2005 sculpture, "Freedom Cloth."
142:. When he arrived in Bessemer, he noticed the art along the way in people's yards and was amazed at the level of craft exhibited. He married Clara Mae Murrow in 1951. They have five children, one of whom died of cerebral palsy. The late artist
31:
436:, the online industry publication, gave the Dial show at Marianne, "We All Live Under the Same Old Flag", top billing among 15 "blockbuster", "must-see" gallery exhibitions on display during the month of May.
1160:
Sarah
Cascone, "Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco Acquire 62 Works by African American Artists Including Purvis Young, Thornton Dial Highlights include nine pieces by Thornton Dial." Artnet, February 7,
460:." Writing of the show in the New York Times, Roberta Smith commends "Dial's ability to commandeer any material into a painting," and called the works "fiercely formal in ways that connect to
292:
artist, and a folk artist—but any of those labels might be a misnomer, since the late painter's work has been gradually moving into the mainstream art world's view in the past few years."
207:
also named the Dial retrospective one of the best museum shows of 2011, alongside showings of such major art world luminaries as Degas, Picasso, Kandinsky and Willem de
Kooning.
928:
157:, which made railroad cars. The plant closed its doors in 1981. After the Pullman factory shut down, Dial began to dedicate himself to his art for his own pleasure.
2137:
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692:
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interests had now focused on
African-American vernacular art and artists, brought Dial's work to national prominence. The art historian has also brought
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also helped to create a publishing company, in 1996, along with his sons Paul and Matt. He is also the founder and
Chairman Emeritus of the
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for example, use corrugated tin and other dilapidated pieces of metal to refer to the destitute bodies and vernacular architecture of the
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1174:
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130:, where relatives in his extended family worked as sharecroppers. He lived with his mother until he was around three when Dial and his
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1953:
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museum's representation of works by contemporary
American artists and augments on a historic scale its holdings of contemporary art."
1555:
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Dial's work has been continually heralded in international cultural institutions and large survey exhibitions, such as the 2000
1003:
484:, Richard and Dan, a daughter, Matte Dial, as well as many grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Clara Mae Dial died in 2005.
378:
1227:
Truly Transformative: Souls Grown Deep Foundation Gifts 57 Works of Art to the Metropolitan Museum of Art", Folk Art Messenger
264:
reporter Carol Kino described Dial's "work's look, ambition, and obvious intellectual reach hew closely to that of many other
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The symbol of the tiger is also a primary visual trope in Thornton Dial's oeuvre. Artist and African-American art historian
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who came to prominence in the late 1980s. Dial's body of work exhibits formal variety through expressive, densely composed
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1830:"Souls Grown Deep Foundation Donates 57 Works to Metropolitan Museum of Art | The Metropolitan Museum of Art"
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as an allegory for survival and an implicit reference to the struggle for civil rights in the United States.
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arguing that Dial's work should not be pigeon-holed into the narrowly-defined category of "outsider art":
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1272:
Truth and Consequences: the 25-Year Friendship of Thornton Dial and Bill Arnett", Folk Art Messenger
492:
Dial's work has been exhibited throughout the United States since 1990. Museum exhibitions include:
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In 1993, Dial's work was the subject of a large exhibition that was presented simultaneously at the
892:
440:
400:—including 10 works by Dial—were donated to the museum by the Souls Grown Deep Foundation from its
277:
1952:
Smith, Roberta; Heinrich, Will; Farago, Jason; Schwendener, Martha; Cotter, Holland (2018-03-01).
1616:
Wilkin, Karen, “Biography, History, Self-Evident Beauty,” The Wall Street Journal, April 21, 2011.
1378:
Kroll, Jack, "The Outsiders Are In: American Folk Artists Move into the World of Money and Fame,"
1317:
126:
Thornton Dial was born in 1928 to a teenage mother, Mattie Bell, on a former cotton plantation in
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481:
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261:
1191:
After His Work Enters Met Museum Collection, Thornton Dial Joins New York Gallery", Culture Type
1070:
catalog, San Francisco: de Young Museum, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco and Prestel. (2017)
1961:
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exhibition, art and architecture critic Richard Lacayo published a four-page story on Dial in
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1985:
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69:
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192:, an organization dedicated to the preservation and documentation of African American art.
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VMFA adds 18 works, including nine from African-American artists", Richmond Times-Dispatch
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Passionate Visions of the American South: Self -Taught Artists from 1940 to the Present
480:
Thornton married Clara Mae Murrow in 1951. At his death he was survived by three sons,
412:
401:
169:
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143:
1123:
Passionate Visions of the American South, Self Taught Artists from 1940 to the Present
584:
Inside the Outside: Five Self Taught Artists from the William Louis Dreyfus Foundation
2086:
1607:
Cubbs, Joanne, ed., "Hard Truths: The Art of Thornton Dial". New York: Prestel, 2011.
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331:. Dial invokes the history of the American rural South throughout much of his work.
1336:
Giovanni, Nikki; Chassman, Gary Miles; Leonard, Walter, "In the Spirit of Martin",
313:
242:
226:
1147:
Museum of Folk Art Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century American Folk Art and Artists
230:
678:
131:
502:, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, September 18, 2022 – March 26, 2023.
1806:"History Refused to Die: Highlights from the Souls Grown Deep Foundation Gift"
1625:
Wilkin, Karen, "The Best of 2011," The Wall Street Journal, December 23, 2011.
1224:
802:
325:
289:
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2003:
1965:
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1326:
Gómez, Edward M., "On the Border", Art & Antiques Magazine, February 2011
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Hard Truths: The Art of Thornton Dial a must-see at NOMA", The Times-Picayune
1183:
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called Dial's work “first-rate, powerful Art–with a capital ‘A.’” Later, the
540:
History Refused to Die: Highlights from the Souls Grown Deep Foundation Gift
309:
265:
1502:, "Thornton Dial in the 21st Century", Atlanta: Tinwood Books, 2005, p. 22.
1461:, "Thornton Dial in the 21st Century", Atlanta: Tinwood Books, 2005, p. 10.
30:
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announced that 57 works by contemporary African American artists from the
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Thornton Dial's work addresses American sociopolitical exigencies such as
1184:
Bernard Herman, "Thornton Dial (1928-2016)." Artforum, February 18, 2016.
1168:
15 Blockbuster Gallery Shows You Need to See in New York This May." Artsy
1218:
From the Deep South, an Overlooked Chapter in Art History", Hyperalleric
1209:
Boesky Gallery to Represent Thornton Dial", ArtsBeat, The New York Times
570:, New York, NY, travelled to Tampa Museum of Art, Tampa, FL; New Orleans
1434:"Thornton Dial, 87, Artist Who Turned Castoff Items Into Museum Pieces"
428:
285:
249:
246:
164:, an artist who introduced Dial to Atlanta collector and art historian
1928:"Editors' Picks: 14 Things to See in New York This Week | artnet News"
305:
288:
similarly said: "Thornton Dial has been termed an outsider artist, a
106:
635:, curated by Leisa Rundquist, Asheville Museum of Art, Asheville, NC
594:
Known / Unknown: Private Obsession and Hidden Desire in Outsider Art
419:
Two of Dial's major works were included in a March 2016 gift to the
1880:"15 Blockbuster Gallery Shows You Need to See in New York This May"
1556:"Museum Receives 24 Works of Art from Souls Grown Deep Foundation"
1371:
Kuspit, Donald, "The Appropriation of Marginal Art in the 1980s,"
1343:
Smith, Dinitia, "Bits, Pieces and a Drive To Turn Them Into Art,"
738:
339:
1288:
Biography, History, Self-Evident Beauty", The Wall Street Journal
652:
When the Stars Begin to Fall: Imagination and the American South
105:(28 September 1928 – 25 January 2016) was a pioneering American
2004:"Gadsden Arts Center & Museum > collection > Dial Sr"
464:'s allover fields of dripped paint and the object paintings of
1107:
American Anthem: Masterworks from the American Folk Art Museum
773:
Self-Taught Artists of the 20th Century: An American Anthology
301:
229:", a term that attempts to cover the product of everyone from
149:
His principal place of employment was as a metalworker at the
1513:
764:, Ricco/Maresca Gallery, New York, NY, May 11 - June 24, 2000
1236:
The Met Embraces Neglected Southern Artists", The New Yorker
404:
Collection. An exhibition devoted to the gift opened at the
353:
in New York. In 2000, the artist's work was included in the
1320:
Letting His Life’s Work Do the Talking", The New York Times
1141:
20th Century American Folk, Self-Taught, and Outsider Art
1046:
Road to the Mountaintop (sculpture) (2014), Nashville, TN
574:
Third Space/Shifting Conversations About Contemporary Art
511:
Home is a Foreign Place: Recent Acquisitions in Context,
1904:"Thornton Dial, Mr. Dial's America, 2018 - David Lewis"
1766:
Driskell, David C., "Giving Into the Visionary Dream",
1550:
1548:
784:
The Hirshhorn Collects: Recent Acquisitions 1992 - 1996
408:
on May 22, 2018, and ran until September of that year.
1717:, ed. John Maizels, Raw Vision, Watford, 2009, p. 65.
500:
Called To Create: Black Artists of the American South
1855:"THORNTON DIAL: WE ALL LIVE UNDER THE SAME OLD FLAG"
1810:
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, i.e. The Met Museum
1670:"9 Art Events to Attend in New York City This Week"
1541:. New York City: Whitney Museum of Art. p. 89.
623:
I See Myself in You: Selections from the Collection
92:
84:
76:
58:
37:
21:
1746:. New York: Delmonico Books, Prestel. p. 18.
1364:Lloyd, Ann Wilson, "Thornton Dial at Luise Ross,"
1350:Smith, Roberta, "A Young Style for an Old Story,"
646:Indianapolis Museum of Art Exhibition Announcement
1954:"What to See in New York Art Galleries This Week"
1731:. New York: Delmonico Books, Prestel. p. 19.
1658:, February 17, 2012, accessed September 29, 2013.
1651:Carol Kino, "Let His Life's Work Do the Talking,"
1076:, catalog, Alabama Contemporary Art Center (2015)
1068:Revelations: Art from the African American South,
929:Intuit: The Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art
555:Revelations: Art From the African American South,
1476:"Bits, Pieces and a Drive To Turn Them Into Art"
633:Social Geographies: Interpreting Space and Place
1245:Composition in Black and White", The New Yorker
693:The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
609:Green Pastures: In Memory of Thornton Dial Sr.,
448:America and the struggle for civil rights, the
1403:"Thornton Dial | History Refused to Die"
743:Ricco/Maresca Gallery Exhibition Announcement
225:Dial's work has sometimes been described as "
8:
1770:, New York: Prestel Publishing, 2011, p. 17.
1329:Jones, Phillip March, "Thornton Dial, Sr.",
1200:10 Artists to Watch This November", Artspace
790:, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
138:In 1940, when he was twelve, Dial moved to
2039:Chinese American artist. Thornton Dial Sr.
1263:The Best of 2011", The Wall Street Journal
29:
18:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1082:, Ackland Art Museum and UNC Press (2012)
641:
432:show dedicated to Dial since his death.
365:; the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; the
180:and many others to the attention of the
1391:
1986:"News | American Folk Art Museum"
1695:
1685:
1469:
1467:
1397:
1395:
389:curled scrap metal appears clothlike.
284:." Most recently, Alex Greenberger of
2138:21st-century African-American artists
2133:20th-century African-American artists
1768:Hard Truths: The Art of Thornton Dial
1744:Hard Truths: The Art of Thornton Dial
1729:Hard Truths: The Art of Thornton Dial
1668:The Editors of ARTnews (2018-01-22).
1635:Richard Lacayo, "Outside The Lines,"
1086:Hard Truths: The Art of Thornton Dial
905:Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
788:Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
699:, University of Vermont, Burlington;
667:Hard Truths: The Art of Thornton Dial
375:Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
237:to institutionalized lost souls like
7:
525:Epic Abstraction: Pollock to Herrera
1432:Grimes, William (27 January 2016).
854:Clark Atlanta University Art Museum
2108:People from Sumter County, Alabama
1125:, New Orleans Museum of Art (1993)
1010:Spelman College Museum of Fine Art
870:Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
809:, New York; American Center, Paris
14:
1135:Thornton Dial: Image of the Tiger
1101:Thornton Dial in the 21st Century
1000:Rockford Art Museum, Rockford, IL
799:Thornton Dial: Image of the Tiger
716:Thornton Dial in the 21st Century
256:In still another response to the
1782:"PUBLISHER'S EYE: Thornton Dial"
1143:, Neal-Schuman Publishers (1993)
1080:Thornton Dial: Thoughts on Paper
953:Minnesota Museum of American Art
685:Thornton Dial: Thoughts on Paper
2123:20th-century American sculptors
2056:Smithsonian American Art Museum
1004:Smithsonian American Art Museum
965:The Morgan Library & Museum
703:, Montgomery, Alabama; and the
590:, Katonah, NY; The Baker Museum
379:Smithsonian American Art Museum
88:assemblage paintings, sculpture
1641:, accessed September 29, 2011.
1575:Lacayo, Richard (2011-03-14).
1407:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1357:Scott, Sue, "Thornton Dial ,"
1137:, Baraka & McEvilly (1993)
1034:Whitney Museum of American Art
959:Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts
935:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
882:Gadsden Arts Center and Museum
803:New Museum of Contemporary Art
756:Whitney Museum of American Art
701:Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts
544:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
529:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
514:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
394:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
347:New Museum of Contemporary Art
241:and full-bore obsessives like
210:In another 2011 review of the
1:
1878:Corral, Alexis (2016-04-29).
1514:"Souls Grown Deep Foundation"
1512:Souls Grown Deep Foundation.
1474:Smith, Dinitia (1997-02-05).
923:Indiana University Art Museum
911:Hunter Museum of American Art
1131:, Maresca & Ricco (1993)
1115:, Volumes 1 & 2, Arnett
1022:Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
977:Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
947:Minneapolis Institute of Art
720:Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
681:, and the High Museum of Art
578:The Birmingham Museum of Art
421:Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
359:Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
338:explained Dial's use of the
2074:The Studio Museum in Harlem
1780:Christ, Emma (2023-05-04).
971:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
381:, Washington D.C.; and the
190:Souls Grown Deep Foundation
16:American artist (1928–2016)
2154:
2118:African-American sculptors
1537:Anderson, Maxwell (2000).
995:Philadelphia Museum of Art
917:Indianapolis Museum of Art
671:Indianapolis Museum of Art
427:The High Museum of Art in
383:Indianapolis Museum of Art
371:Philadelphia Museum of Art
160:In 1987 Thornton Dial met
116:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2113:American outsider artists
2022:"Looking Out the Windows"
1103:, catalog, Tinwood (2005)
1088:, catalog, Prestel (2011)
1028:Virginia Union University
817:New Orleans Museum of Art
675:New Orleans Museum of Art
28:
1859:Marrianne Boesky Gallery
1742:Driskell, David (2011).
1727:Driskell, David (2011).
1311:Outside the Lines", Time
1278:Kuspit, Donald, Review,
1149:, Abbeville Press (1990)
1094:Outsider Art Sourcebook"
842:Birmingham Museum of Art
836:American Folk Art Museum
807:American Folk Art Museum
568:American Folk Art Museum
367:American Folk Art Museum
351:American Folk Art Museum
322:The Blood of Hard Times,
1714:Outsider Art Sourcebook
989:National Gallery of Art
876:Flint Institute of Arts
762:Thornton Dial: Drawings
734:Smithsonian Institution
730:In the Spirit of Martin
705:Knoxville Museum of Art
656:Studio Museum in Harlem
377:, Washington D.C.; the
201:The Wall Street Journal
1189:Valentine, Victoria, "
1074:History Refused to Die
1050:The Bridge (sculpture)
866:de Young Museum of Art
848:Brooklyn Museum of Art
744:
647:
452:, and the site of the
398:Southern United States
392:On November 24, 2014,
357:, and in 2005–06, the
254:
1294:Doran, Anne, Review,
1062:Selected publications
887:Georgia Museum of Art
775:, Philadelphia Museum
742:
697:Fleming Museum of Art
695:(organizing museum);
673:(organizing museum);
645:
588:Katonah Museum of Art
223:
2103:Artists from Alabama
1500:The Road from Emelle
1459:The Road from Emelle
1375:, Winter/Spring 1991
1129:American Self-Taught
985:(MoMA), New York, NY
983:Museum of Modern Art
941:Milwaukee Art Museum
860:Dallas Museum of Art
411:As Sheena Wagstaff,
282:Jean-Michel Basquiat
2128:Self-taught artists
2076:. January 15, 2019.
2052:"Thornton Dial, Sr"
1577:"Outside the Lines"
1354:, December 19, 1993
1322:, February 17, 2011
1298:, April 14–20, 2011
1265:, December 23, 2011
1198:Artspace Editors, "
1193:, November 24, 2015
1096:, Raw Vision (2009)
1052:(1997), Atlanta, GA
893:Harvard Art Museums
872:, San Francisco, CA
566:, organized by the
560:, San Francisco, CA
441:David Lewis Gallery
406:Metropolitan Museum
278:Robert Rauschenberg
178:Gee's Bend Quilters
132:half-brother Arthur
2026:High Museum of Art
1958:The New York Times
1786:Artillery Magazine
1698:has generic name (
1655:The New York Times
1518:Soulsgrowndeep.org
1480:The New York Times
1382:, December 2, 1987
1347:, February 5, 1997
1309:Lacayo, Richard, "
1243:Williams, Paige, "
1238:, December 4, 2014
1234:Williams, Paige, "
1220:, January 24, 2015
1211:, October 20, 2015
1202:, October 30, 2015
997:, Philadelphia, PA
919:, Indianapolis, IN
899:High Museum of Art
830:Ackland Art Museum
824:Public collections
745:
689:Ackland Art Museum
648:
612:High Museum of Art
564:Self-Taught Genius
454:World Trade Center
450:O.J. Simpson trial
363:High Museum of Art
48:September 28, 1928
1990:folkartmuseum.org
1753:978-3-7913-5058-5
1498:Arnett, William,
1457:Arnett, William,
1331:Whitehot Magazine
1296:Time Out New York
1247:, August 12, 2013
1225:Sellman, James, "
1207:Kennedy, Randy, "
1166:Corral, Alexis, "
1119:(2000 & 2001)
1006:, Washington D.C.
949:, Minneapolis, MN
925:, Bloomington, IN
913:, Chattanooga, TN
907:, Washington D.C.
832:, Chapel Hill, NC
413:Leonard A. Lauder
402:William S. Arnett
336:David C. Driskell
155:Bessemer, Alabama
140:Bessemer, Alabama
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1305:, April 11, 2011
1290:, April 21, 2011
1286:Wilkin, Karen, "
1270:Sellman, James "
1261:Wilkin, Karen, "
1216:Gomez, Edward, "
1179:, March 21, 2016
1175:Reid, Zachary, "
1170:, April 29, 2016
1113:Souls Grown Deep
1109:, catalog (2001)
991:, Washington, DC
961:, Montgomery, AL
844:, Birmingham, AL
752:Whitney Biennial
580:, Birmingham, AL
369:, New York; the
355:Whitney Biennial
197:Whitney Biennial
168:. Arnett, whose
151:Pullman Standard
146:was his cousin.
96:Clara Mae Murrow
70:McCalla, Alabama
65:
62:January 25, 2016
47:
45:
33:
19:
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2020:
2019:
2015:
2008:gadsdenarts.org
2002:
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1333:, February 2010
1256:, March 1, 2012
1252:McCash, Doug, "
1156:
1064:
1059:
1057:Further reading
1043:
943:, Milwaukee, WI
895:, Cambridge, MA
826:
627:Brooklyn Museum
558:De Young Museum
490:
478:
470:Julian Schnabel
462:Jackson Pollock
298:
274:Jackson Pollock
184:. Arnett, with
128:Emelle, Alabama
124:
72:
67:
63:
54:
52:Emelle, Alabama
49:
43:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
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1995:
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1627:
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1491:
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1450:
1438:New York Times
1419:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1366:Art in America
1362:
1355:
1352:New York Times
1348:
1345:New York Times
1341:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1318:Kino, Carol, "
1315:
1306:
1303:The New Yorker
1299:
1292:
1283:
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1267:
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1240:
1231:
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1038:
1037:
1036:, New York, NY
1031:
1030:, Richmond, VA
1025:
1024:, Richmond, VA
1019:
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1007:
1001:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
967:, New York, NY
962:
956:
955:, St. Paul, MN
950:
944:
938:
937:, New York, NY
932:
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850:, New York, NY
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660:
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658:, New York, NY
637:
636:
630:
629:, Brooklyn, NY
616:
615:
602:
601:
600:, New York, NY
591:
581:
571:
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548:
547:
546:, New York, NY
533:
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531:, New York, NY
518:
517:
516:, New York, NY
504:
503:
489:
486:
477:
474:
297:
294:
272:masters, from
262:New York Times
239:Martín Ramírez
233:painters like
170:art historical
166:William Arnett
144:Ronald Lockett
123:
120:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
86:
85:Known for
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
68:
66:(aged 87)
60:
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50:
39:
35:
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1834:Metmuseum.org
1831:
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1638:
1637:Time Magazine
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1338:Tinwood Books
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1316:
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1289:
1284:
1282:, Summer 2011
1281:
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1275:
1274:, Summer 2011
1273:
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1264:
1259:
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1230:
1229:, Winter 2015
1228:
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1017:
1016:Studio Museum
1014:
1012:, Atlanta, GA
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
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981:
978:
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930:
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909:
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900:
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855:
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598:Museum of Sex
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476:Personal life
475:
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466:Anselm Kiefer
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235:Grandma Moses
232:
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222:
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217:Time Magazine
213:
208:
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202:
198:
193:
191:
187:
183:
182:United States
179:
175:
174:Lonnie Holley
171:
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162:Lonnie Holley
158:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
136:
133:
129:
121:
119:
117:
112:
108:
104:
103:Thornton Dial
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
61:
57:
53:
40:
36:
32:
27:
23:Thornton Dial
20:
2073:
2070:"Life Go On"
2064:
2055:
2046:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1969:. Retrieved
1957:
1947:
1936:. Retrieved
1934:. 2018-01-22
1931:
1922:
1911:. Retrieved
1907:
1898:
1887:. Retrieved
1883:
1873:
1862:. Retrieved
1858:
1849:
1838:. Retrieved
1836:. 2014-11-24
1833:
1824:
1813:. Retrieved
1809:
1800:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
1775:
1767:
1762:
1743:
1737:
1728:
1722:
1712:
1708:
1677:. Retrieved
1673:
1663:
1653:
1646:
1636:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1592:. Retrieved
1580:
1570:
1559:. Retrieved
1538:
1532:
1521:. Retrieved
1517:
1507:
1499:
1494:
1483:. Retrieved
1479:
1458:
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:
1410:. Retrieved
1406:
1379:
1373:American Art
1372:
1365:
1361:, April 1993
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1319:
1310:
1302:
1295:
1287:
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1271:
1262:
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1217:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1176:
1167:
1154:Bibliography
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1093:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
973:, Boston, MA
889:, Athens, GA
862:, Dallas, TX
812:
805:, New York;
798:
793:
783:
778:
772:
767:
761:
746:
729:
724:
715:
710:
707:, Tennessee.
684:
666:
661:
651:
638:
632:
622:
617:
608:
603:
593:
583:
573:
563:
554:
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539:
534:
524:
519:
510:
505:
499:
494:
491:
482:Thornton Jr.
479:
458:9/11 attacks
446:Jim Crow–era
438:
426:
418:
410:
391:
387:
344:
333:
321:
317:
314:homelessness
299:
270:contemporary
260:exhibition,
257:
255:
243:Henry Darger
227:outsider art
224:
215:
211:
209:
204:
200:
194:
159:
148:
137:
125:
102:
101:
64:(2016-01-25)
2098:2016 deaths
2093:1928 births
1932:artnet News
1908:David Lewis
1696:|last=
878:, Flint, MI
679:Mint Museum
488:Exhibitions
258:Hard Truths
212:Hard Truths
111:assemblages
77:Nationality
2087:Categories
1971:2018-03-11
1938:2018-02-01
1913:2018-02-01
1889:2018-02-01
1864:2018-01-18
1840:2016-01-27
1815:2018-01-18
1791:2023-05-05
1679:2018-02-01
1594:2018-02-01
1561:2018-02-01
1523:2016-01-27
1485:2010-06-12
1443:27 January
1412:5 December
1387:References
1368:, May 1993
1359:ARTnews 92
1041:Public art
758:, New York
725:2002-2004
456:after the
318:Black Walk
290:vernacular
186:Jane Fonda
44:1928-09-28
2041:mfah.org
1966:0362-4331
1589:0040-781X
1280:Art Forum
614:, Atlanta
439:In 2018,
153:Plant in
122:Biography
118:in 2014.
1688:cite web
1380:Newsweek
1301:Review,
1018:, Harlem
662:2011-13
349:and the
135:father.
80:American
1674:ARTnews
429:Atlanta
310:bigotry
286:ARTnews
250:janitor
247:Chicago
205:Journal
1964:
1750:
1587:
1117:et al.
794:1993
779:1997
768:1998
747:2000
677:, The
654:, The
639:2014
618:2015
604:2016
550:2017
535:2018
520:2019
506:2019
373:; the
306:racism
266:modern
245:, the
176:, the
107:artist
93:Spouse
1884:Artsy
1161:2017.
711:2005
495:2022
434:Artsy
340:tiger
329:South
326:rural
231:naive
1962:ISSN
1748:ISBN
1700:help
1585:ISSN
1581:Time
1445:2016
1414:2023
1340:2002
979:, TX
468:and
320:and
312:and
296:Work
276:and
268:and
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302:war
280:to
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