2429:
commotion, not to mention the savage genius of the people, was their scorn and impatience, to have recruits raised amongst them, and all their stoutest men enlisted in our armies; accustomed as they were not even to obey their native kings further than their own humour, nor to aid them with forces but under captains of their own choosing, nor to fight against any enemy but their own borderers. Their discontents too were inflamed by a rumour which then ran current amongst them; that they were to be dispersed into different regions; and exterminated from their own, to be mixed with other nations. But before they took arms and began hostilities, they sent ambassadors to
Sabinus, to represent "their past friendship and submission, and that the same should continue, if they were provoked by no fresh impositions: but, if like a people subdued by war, they were doomed to bondage; they had able men and steel, and souls determined upon liberty or death." The ambassadors at the same time pointed to their strongholds founded upon precipices; and boasted that they had thither conveyed their wives and parents; and threatened a war intricate, hazardous and bloody."
2466:,"In order to test their readiness to meet a sudden attack, he chose a very dark night and in the middle of it, he appeared before his own camp at the head of a small detachment, who brandished and struck their weapons against each other in the Thracian manner. His troops, assuming that they were the enemy, immediately formed up to resist them. Meanwhile the Thracians really did advance in the hope of surprising them while they were asleep; but the Greeks, being already dressed and armed, confronted the assailants. The Thracians were unprepared for such a ready and vigorous resistance, and were defeated with great slaughter."
590:
2442:
victory and the truce that followed it, celebrated a sacrifice in honour of Athene Itonia. But at night while they still were intent on the ceremony, and engaged in festivities, the
Thracians armed, and attacked them; they cut many of them to pieces, and took a great number prisoners. When the Boeotians afterwards charged them with a breach of the truce, the Thracians replied that the terms of the truce expressed a certain number of days, but said nothing concerning the nights. "
1294:
1150:
1011:
797:
690:
428:
388:
207:
80:
934:
243:
28:
2418:
Polybius, Histories, 27.12,"Cotys was a man of distinguished appearance and of
Character of Cotys, king of the Odrysae, an ally of Perseus. great ability in military affairs, and besides, quite unlike a Thracian in character. For he was of sober habits, and gave evidence of a gentleness of temper and
2511:
Herodotus THE HISTORY OF HERODOTUS, Translated into
English by G. C. Macaulay, IN TWO VOLUMES, VOL. II, "Of the other Thracians the custom is to sell their children to be carried away out of the country; and over their maidens they do not keep watch, but allow them to have commerce with whatever men
753:
army. They also served in the
Republican Roman and Mithridatic armies, as well as the armies of the Diadocii. They provided up to one third of the cavalry in Macedonian armies and up to a fifth of their infantry (usually as levies or allies rather than mercenaries). They later formed one of the
181:
against other
Thracian tribes. Those allied with the Greeks were more civilized and they were usually established in settlements along the Thracian coast. The interior tribes were known as savages, retaining their barbarous habits even until the Roman period. The tribal wars also kept Thrace from
2362:
Thracian Kings, University of
Michigan,"On the death of the last Astaean king in 11 BC, the emperor Augustus conferred all Thrace to his Sapaean uncle Roimētalkēs I. In 46, on the murder of Roimētalkēs III by his wife, the kingdom of Thrace was annexed to the Roman Empire by the emperor Claudius
2441:
The
Thracians."The Thracians fought against the Boeotians by lake Copais, and were defeated; then they retreated to Helicon, and made a truce with the Boeotians for a certain number of days, to give time for agreeing the terms of peace. The Boeotians, who were confident because of their recent
2428:
Tacitus. The Annals,"In the
Consulship of Lentulus Getulicus and Caius Calvisius, the triumphal ensigns were decreed to Poppeus Sabinus for having routed some clans of Thracians, who living wildly on the high mountains, acted thence with the more outrage and contumacy. The ground of their late
892:
had been adopted by the
Thracian cavalry. Despite the power of the Odrysians except during the reigns of Teres and Sitalkes they were still weaker than the Scythians militarily. Scale armor was adopted as well as a composite metal cuirass. The most northern Thracian tribe, the Getai, were so
368:
kings in 310 BC. Odrysian military strength was based on intra-tribal elite making the kingdom prone to fragmentation. Although the kingdom was wealthy, a large proportion of its income was in kind and suitable portions had to be paid to the tribal chiefs. The army was mostly fed and paid by
160:
was said to have been born in Thrace and was also heavily worshiped there; in contrast to the revulsion of his worship by many other Balkan city states. Homer recounts in the book of Odyssey that an embarrassed Ares retreated among his Thracian followers when his love affair with the goddess
1685:
The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC (Hardcover) by John Boardman (Editor), I. E. S. Edwards (Editor), E. Sollberger (Editor), N. G. L. Hammond (Editor), 1992,
369:
plunder. Sitalces was able to raise an army supposedly 150,000 strong for his invasion of Macedonia in 429 BC but these economic and political factors (plus the onset of winter) meant that this army only held together for about six weeks and any Thracian conquests were ephemeral.
2352:
The Peloponnesian War: A Military Study (Warfare and History) by J. F. Lazenby, 2003, page 224,"... number of strongholds, and he made himself useful fighting `the Thracians without a king' on behalf of the more Hellenized Thracian kings and their Greek neighbours (Nepos, Alc.
893:
similar to the Scythians that they were often confused with them. Odrysian Thracian kings made treaties and royal marriages as equals with the Scythians. The royal name Spartokos (Spartacus) is shared between some Thracian royalty and some Crimean Skythian kings.
2398:
Plato. The Republic, "Take the quality of passion or spirit;--it would be ridiculous to imagine that this quality, when found in States, is not derived from the individuals who are supposed to possess it, e.g. the Thracians, Scythians, and in general the northern
189:, the Thracian tribes were united under the rule of Sitalces, king of the Odrysae. It was allied with Athens during the conflict. However, the kingdom was again split into different parts after the death of king Seuthes. It was during this time when
40:
1523:, page 1515, "Shortly afterwards the first King of the Odrysae, Teres attempted to carve an empire out of the territory occupied by the Thracian tribes (Thuc.2.29) and his sovereignty extended as far as the Euxine and the Hellespont)"
2214:
The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare: Volume 1, Greece, The Hellenistic World and the Rise of Rome by Philip Sabin, Hans van Wees, and Michael Whitby, 2007, page 221, "... The Scythian cavalry wedge, adopted by the
2408:
Plato. Laws, "Are we to follow the custom of the Scythians, and Persians, and Carthaginians, and Celts, and Iberians, and Thracians, who are all warlike nations, or that of your countrymen, for they, as you say, altogether
888:. It was an open-face bronze helmet that stopped halfway (like a skullcap) and had leather flaps with sewn bronze plates that protected the back part of the head including the nape and the sides of the face. The Scythian
1775:
The World of Tattoo: An Illustrated History by Maarten Hesselt van Dinter, 2007, page 25: "... in ancient times. The Danube area Dacians, Thracians and Illyrians all decorated themselves with status-enhancing tattoos,
580:
A Thracian javelinman would wield a crescent wicker shield and a couple of javelins. This troop type was to persist into the classic and Hellenistic era. Organized groups of spearmen or javelin throwers were not used.
630:(even by heavy cavalry) were later used. Thracian cavalry was numerous. It was also legendary for its combat power so that Philip of Macedon adopted its wedge-shaped formation for the Macedonian cavalry maneuvers.
832:
There was no Thracian navy but there were instances of Thracians turning to piracy. The Greek cities of the coast that paid tribute to the Thracian kings did sometimes provide the Thracian kings with ships.
2380:, page 1,"... getting to the spoils explains Thucydides VII, 29: `For the Thracian race, like all the most bloodthirsty barbarians, are always particularly bloodthirsty when everything is going their ...
681:
equipment and armors from different time periods, to the point of wearing armors that ceased to be used elsewhere; this is something they did even in the classic era. Later they adopted Roman armaments.
725:
Thracians were highly sought as mercenaries due to their ferocity in battle, but they were infamous for their love of plunder. Thracian mercenaries played an important role in the affairs between
857:
in his Annals describes a Roman attack against a hill fort. There were many Thracian hill forts and some were inhabited. Other fortified Thracian towns existed at places like Hellis and Kabyle.
280:
tribes that endured between the 5th century BC and the 3rd century BC. The Odrysian state was the first Thracian kingdom that acquired power in the region, by the unification of many
1694:, page XVI, "Very different from the Phoenicians were the Scythians and the Thracians who had no interest or skill in seafaring but excelled in raiding and horsemanship"
2086:, page 168, "Like Thracians to the east the Illyrians were an important source of military manpower, and often served as separate contingents under their own leaders"
921:,"Θρακικον ξίφος") though it did not originate from there, despite its popular usage (it was considered their national weapon). The sword's utmost origin was the
507:
and long swords. Thracians shunned armor and greaves and fought as light as possible, favoring mobility above all other traits and had excellent horsemen. The
1766:
The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes,1996, page 198,"their armor is Celtic but they are tattooed like the rest of the Illyrians and Thracians"
1345:
463:
Thrace had the potential to muster a huge number of troops though this rarely occurred. By tradition, Thracians honored warriors and, according to
483:. Missile weapons were favored but close combat weaponry was carried by the Thracians as well. These close combat weapons varied from the dreaded
1506:, 2006, page 230: "... however, one of the Thracian tribes, the Odrysians, succeeded in unifying the Thracians and creating a powerful state ..."
622:
Thracian cavalry would wear leather armor or no armor and would be armed with javelins, a bow, or a spear. Only royal cavalry would wear armor.
2083:
754:
most important nationalities in the Roman army, contributing up to 20,000 troops at any one time to auxiliary units during the early empire.
2389:
Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars 359 BC to 146 BC: organisation, tactics, dress and weapons by Duncan Head, Ian Heath, 1982, page 51
1266:
1706:
Completely parsed Cicero: the first oration of Cicero against Catiline by Marcus Tullius Cicero, LeaAnn A. Osburn, Archibald A. Maclardy,
673:
wooden shield (or a heavier iron-rimmed and spined thureos). No Thracian infantry wore greaves until the 4th century BC. Later native and
2587:
1350:
263:
2577:
2546:
2529:
2500:
2483:
2377:
2340:
2323:
2306:
2280:
2263:
2246:
2229:
2202:
2185:
2168:
2151:
2134:
2117:
2100:
2066:
2049:
2032:
2012:
1995:
1973:
1956:
1939:
1917:
1900:
1880:
1852:
1835:
1818:
1801:
1754:
1728:
1711:
1691:
1673:
1656:
1639:
1615:
1595:
1573:
1553:
1520:
1503:
1483:
1423:
1406:
1389:
197:
589:
2478:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
2318:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
2241:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
2224:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
2163:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
2146:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
2044:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
2027:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
2007:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
1912:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
1895:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
1847:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
1651:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
1418:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
1401:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald, 1998,
1968:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald,1998,
1610:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald,1998,
905:
in a variety of ways like the adoption of certain long swords though this must not have been universal among them. The
2258:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald,
1723:
The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology) by Z. H. Archibald,
967:
had adopted a Greek tactic for a night march (though night marches and attacks were a favourite Thracian tactic).
1098:
with trickery. The Thracians struck their weapons against each other before battle and engaged in night attacks.
2562:
1185:
This is a list of battles or conflicts that Thracians had a leading or crucial role in, usually as mercenaries.
2582:
1074:
considers them a war-like nation, grouping them with Celts, Persians, Scythians, Iberians and Carthaginians.
2188:, 2001, page 1,"the city of Seuthopolis seems to be the only significant town in Thrace not built by Greeks"
937:
376:
ruled Thrace after the Odrysians until its incorporation to the Roman Empire as a province. Thrace became a
281:
597:
In the 4th century BC, both infantry and cavalry troops started wearing helmets (some of leather) and some
152:
The Thracians were a particularly fierce culture in terms of violence and conflict and so they appeared in
881:
763:
650:
638:
634:
1142:
writes that "they sell their children and let their daughters commerce with whatever men they please".
654:
642:
329:
190:
1498:
Readings in Greek History: Sources and Interpretations by D. Brendan Nagle and Stanley M. Burstein,
1251:
1197:
889:
850:
845:, they had forts in hills built as places of refuge. Thracian villages had basic fortifications as
520:
492:
130:
1046:
Thracians were regarded as warlike, ferocious, and savagely bloodthirsty. Thracians were seen as "
960:
516:
885:
1533:
2542:
2525:
2496:
2479:
2373:
2336:
2319:
2302:
2276:
2259:
2242:
2225:
2198:
2181:
2164:
2147:
2130:
2113:
2096:
2079:
2062:
2045:
2028:
2008:
1991:
1969:
1952:
1935:
1913:
1896:
1876:
1848:
1831:
1814:
1797:
1750:
1724:
1707:
1687:
1669:
1652:
1635:
1611:
1591:
1569:
1549:
1516:
1499:
1479:
1458:
A Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology and Geography: Based on the Larger Dictionaries
1419:
1402:
1385:
1119:
988:
922:
646:
186:
604:
Principal weapons in the 4th century BC (as well as earlier) were the spear and short knife.
1668:
Christopher Webber, Angus McBride (2001). The Thracians, 700 BC - AD 46. Osprey Publishing.
1335:
1215:
1103:
771:
251:
2197:
Scythians 700-300 B.C. (Men at Arms Series, 137) by E.V. Cernenko and Angus McBride, 1983,
762:
A Thracian chieftain could have access to armor and helmets. One could be equipped with a
257:
193:
conquered a large swath of Thrace, absorbing the territory and its tribes into Macedon.
153:
119:
1534:"Celtic Settlement in North-Western Thrace during the Late Fourth and Third Centuries BC"
51:
spans from the 10th century BC up to the 1st century AD in the region defined by Ancient
2541:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
2524:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
2495:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
2438:
2372:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
2301:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
2129:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
2112:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
2095:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
2061:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
1990:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
1951:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
1934:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
1875:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
1830:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
1813:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
1796:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
1749:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
1634:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
1590:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
1568:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
1548:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
1384:
The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,
933:
677:
types started being used, the Greek type being rarer. Thracians used mixed Thracian and
1340:
1330:
1274:
1190:
1051:
968:
952:
944:
782:
678:
674:
550:
357:
305:
293:
178:
123:
67:
and neighboring nations and tribes, numerous wars were recorded among Thracian tribes.
52:
1293:
1149:
1086:
writes of them being wild, savage and impatient, disobedient even to their own kings.
1010:
796:
689:
427:
387:
206:
79:
2571:
2454:,"who brandished and struck their weapons against each other in the Thracian manner."
918:
786:
781:, two javelins and a sword. Body armor was restricted to nobles and army commanders.
488:
337:
273:
593:
Phrygian or Thracian type helmet. Unusual having a nasal in place of the usual peak.
17:
2463:
2451:
1131:
1055:
984:
877:
741:
mercenaries were so expensive to pay that after they missed the boat to Sicily the
665:
A Thracian footman (3rd century BC - 1st century BC) could wield a knife or sword,
515:
Thracians had contributed a number of 6,000 men (60,000 according to Herodotus) in
377:
289:
519:
campaign of 480 BC but in general resisted Persian occupation and turned against
1237:
1219:
1078:
wrote of Cotys' sober and gentle character being unlike that of most Thracians.
333:
2275:
Complete Encyclopedia Of Arms & Weapons (Hardcover)by Rh Value Publishing,
1285:, Marcus Valeurius victory, it is not known how long Rhoemetalces participated
1282:
1270:
1226:
1135:
1127:
972:
964:
546:
361:
288:
5th century BC. It became involved in wars and military conflicts against the
242:
177:
Thracian tribes fought amongst each other and they allied themselves with the
166:
559:
dashing out and closing their ranks according to the tactics of their country
1355:
1259:
1211:
1139:
1087:
1067:
1000:
742:
734:
726:
666:
536:
484:
468:
464:
345:
321:
309:
277:
162:
64:
789:. Nobles would sometimes wear pectorals on their chests as a sign of rank.
27:
1515:
The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth,
774:(a plate attached to the bottom of the cuirass to protect the abdomen), a
364:
and Charidemos fought for the Odrysae as well. The Thracians served under
182:
becoming a major regional power due to the lack of a central government.
1278:
1204:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1075:
906:
873:
870:
846:
528:
524:
504:
496:
476:
373:
365:
325:
301:
126:
60:
39:
1123:
1079:
854:
746:
608:
598:
540:
512:
472:
349:
313:
297:
285:
146:
142:
134:
63:
tribes and their kingdoms in the Balkans. Apart from conflicts between
32:
1091:
992:
959:, breastplates, a variety of helmets and other equipment. During the
956:
948:
775:
730:
627:
612:
569:
565:
353:
341:
110:
Instances of Thracian people engaging in armed conflict occur in the
56:
737:
were described as expensive mercenaries. In one instance in 413 BC,
770:
and only one has been found in Thrace, a bell-type cuirass) with a
1255:
1244:
1233:
1095:
1059:
996:
932:
902:
842:
778:
767:
750:
588:
535:
equipment. Thracians decorated their bodies with tattoos like the
500:
317:
241:
115:
111:
38:
1360:
910:
670:
623:
616:
532:
508:
157:
156:
as mostly associated with its stories of strife. The god of war
138:
987:
equipment. From 11 BC onwards Thracians would start resembling
2520:
2518:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1288:
1144:
1115:
1005:
791:
738:
684:
607:
Armor, when it was available (for the nobility), was at first
422:
382:
201:
74:
2512:
they please, but over their wives they keep very great watch"
2419:
a steadiness of disposition worthy of a man of gentle birth".
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1564:
1562:
1544:
1542:
2078:
The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996,
1714:, 2004, page 122, "and was the national weapon of Thracians"
1380:
1378:
1376:
1122:
killing every living thing, including children and dogs, in
766:, a breastplate (this sort of armor is rarely found outside
637:(over 60 have been found) and, to a much lesser extent, the
653:(an open face helmet) with many hybrid types occurring. No
745:
sent them home. They were hired occasionally by Persians.
137:). The Thracians, prominent warriors who became allies of
1102:
was considered one of the most bloothirsty chieftains by
2474:
2472:
2023:
2021:
1891:
1889:
1702:
1700:
1606:
1604:
2335:
Xenophon and the Art of Command by Godfrey Hutchinson,
1305:
1161:
1022:
808:
701:
439:
399:
218:
91:
940:
worn by Thracians, mid-4th century BC and older forms
491:(used to knock the heads off the spears in Xenophon's
1134:
heads on their spears and Rhomphaias such as in the
925:
and the Thracians may have adopted or inherited it.
145:, there is only one instance of Thracians, that of
2180:The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 by Christopher Webber,
909:had adopted Celtic equipment. Another weapon, the
841:Even though Thracians attempted to build only one
549:writes of their infantry tactics when attacked by
1118:were responsible for the worst atrocities of the
165:was caught and the two were promptly ensnared by
619:armour started appearing in the 4th century BC.
1478:. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books. p. 42.
1476:Philip II of Macedonia: Greater Than Alexander
43:The Sica, the national weapon of the Thracians
1094:write how the Thracians broke their pacts of
328:tribes. Sometimes it was allied with various
8:
1440:. Edinburgh: Blanchard and Lea. p. 123.
1110:club for lawless youths was named after the
1070:, extravagant and high-spirited; and in his
947:affected Thracian warfare early on with the
479:and crescent or round wicker shields called
380:of Rome at 11 BC and was annexed at 46 AD.
1346:List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia
983:Thracians of the Roman client states used
749:had hired many Thracian swordsmen for the
511:was considered their national weapon. The
499:), one- and two-sided axes, bows, knives,
59:. It concerns the armed conflicts of the
1193:against Thracian tribes, Thracian defeat
26:
1372:
149:again on the coast, but they are weak.
785:armor was in use in Thrace before the
467:, despised all other occupations. The
1229:against Seuthes III, Thracian Victory
669:, a helmet, two javelins and a light
419:Thracian troop types and organization
276:, "Βασιλεία Όδρυσων") was a union of
141:, came from the Aegean coast. In the
7:
1469:
1467:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1267:Marcus Valerius Messalla Messallinus
657:has been found in the east Balkans.
633:The helmet type used mostly was the
1460:. London: John Murray. p. 771.
1200:against Thracians, Thracian Victory
963:more Greek armaments were adopted.
1351:List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia
1207:against Thracians, Thracian defeat
340:war, Thracians were the allies of
264:List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia
25:
901:Thracian warfare was affected by
344:. The Thracians fought alongside
1292:
1148:
1009:
795:
688:
426:
386:
205:
198:List of ancient tribes in Thrace
78:
1066:considers them, along with the
1050:" by other peoples, namely the
1222:, Thracian and Rhodian Victory
1:
2292:HaA(1200-1000), HaB(1000-800)
1438:A Manual of Ancient Geography
523:'s army as he retreated. The
284:under a single ruler, King
246:Map of the Odrysian kingdom
2604:
2588:Wars involving the Balkans
1436:Schmitz, Leonhard (1857).
352:against the forces of the
261:
255:
249:
195:
129:ousted the Thracians from
1474:Gabriel, Richard (2010).
1243:214 BC Thracians against
1130:. Thracians would impale
568:writes of a tactic using
296:colonies, the kingdom of
2578:Culture of the Thracians
1181:List of Thracian battles
929:Hellenic and Hellenistic
55:and Latin historians as
35:, 5th to 4th century BC.
1456:Smith, William (1891).
938:Chalcidian type helmets
876:, Scythian saddles and
601:are seen with greaves.
941:
764:Chalcidian type helmet
641:(one has been found),
639:Corinthian type helmet
635:Chalcidian type helmet
594:
563:
247:
44:
36:
1220:Seuthes III of Thrace
971:were the first to be
936:
592:
555:
245:
42:
30:
1532:Nikola Theodossiev,
1138:skirmish in 171 BC.
882:Scythian type helmet
721:Thracian mercenaries
655:Illyrian type helmet
651:Scythian type helmet
643:Phrygian type helmet
459:Infantry and Cavalry
330:Ancient Greek tribes
185:At the onset of the
18:Thracian mercenaries
2464:Polyaenus,Clearchus
2452:Polyaenus,Clearchus
1731:, 1998, page 203,""
999:and the North were
861:External influences
2266:,1998, page 203,""
1304:. You can help by
1247:, Thracian victory
1160:. You can help by
1021:. You can help by
961:Hellenistic period
951:and other swords,
942:
807:. You can help by
700:. You can help by
595:
517:Xerxes I of Persia
438:. You can help by
398:. You can help by
248:
217:. You can help by
90:. You can help by
45:
37:
2084:978-0-631-19807-9
1322:
1321:
1262:, Thracian defeat
1240:, Thracian defeat
1178:
1177:
1120:Peloponnesian war
1039:
1038:
989:Roman legionaries
923:Hallstatt culture
880:equipment to the
825:
824:
718:
717:
647:Attic type helmet
456:
455:
416:
415:
235:
234:
191:Philip of Macedon
187:Peloponnesian War
108:
107:
16:(Redirected from
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252:Odrysian kingdom
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49:Thracian warfare
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991:. Thracians in
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282:Thracian tribes
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154:Greek Mythology
133:(later central
120:Greek mythology
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88:needs expansion
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47:The history of
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92:adding to it
87:
71:Mythological
48:
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1238:Seuthopolis
913:was called
661:Hellenistic
350:Macedonians
334:city states
173:Tribal wars
2572:Categories
2486:, page 100
2326:, page 258
2249:, page 255
2232:, page 201
2171:, page 198
2154:, page 197
2052:, page 254
2035:, page 201
2015:, page 205
1976:, page 204
1920:, page 257
1903:, page 199
1855:, page 202
1659:, page 203
1618:, page 149
1367:References
1283:Pannonians
1279:Dalmatians
1271:Germanicus
1227:Lysimachus
1136:Kallinikos
1128:Mycalessos
1048:Barbarians
1042:Barbarians
973:Hellenized
886:Kuban type
547:Thucidides
471:fought as
362:Iphicrates
167:Hephaestus
2563:Thracians
2549:, page 14
2532:, page 11
2439:Thracians
2409:abstain?"
2399:nations;"
2309:, page 19
2215:Thracians
2205:, page 11
2137:, page 34
2120:, page 33
2069:, page 16
1998:, page 22
1959:, page 35
1942:, page 21
1883:, page 20
1838:, page 42
1821:, page 10
1598:, page 12
1426:, page 93
1409:, page 94
1356:Rhomphaia
1260:Scordisci
1212:Antipater
1198:Clearchus
1140:Herodotus
1088:Polyaenus
1068:Scythians
1001:Romanized
871:Scythians
743:Athenians
735:Odomantii
727:Athenians
667:Rhomphaia
585:Classical
553:cavalry:
537:Illyrians
521:Mardonius
513:Bithynian
485:rhomphaia
469:Thracians
465:Herodotus
346:Athenians
332:or Greek
322:Scythians
310:Paeonians
163:Aphrodite
135:Macedonia
65:Thracians
31:Thracian
2103:, page 8
1804:, page 7
1757:, page 6
1642:, page 3
1576:, page 9
1556:, page 5
1392:, page 4
1325:See also
1277:against
1254:against
1236:against
1214:against
1205:Chabrias
1112:Triballi
1108:Athenian
1100:Diegylis
1076:Polybius
1064:Republic
1054:and the
907:Triballi
874:akinakes
866:Scythian
851:Anabasis
847:Xenophon
758:Nobility
731:Spartans
599:peltasts
539:and the
529:Scythian
525:Triballi
505:akinakes
497:Thynians
493:Anabasis
477:javelins
473:peltasts
374:Sapaeans
366:Scythian
354:Spartans
326:Thracian
302:Diadochi
300:and the
278:Thracian
238:Kingdoms
127:Temenids
61:Thracian
1250:110 BC
1232:279 BC
1225:323 BC
1210:331 BC
1203:376 BC
1196:401 BC
1124:Tanagra
1082:in his
1080:Tacitus
1062:in his
965:Seuthes
957:greaves
855:Tacitus
747:Croesus
609:leather
576:Archaic
541:Dacians
314:Dacians
298:Macedon
147:Cicones
143:Odyssey
118:and in
33:peltast
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1092:Strabo
1084:Annals
1056:Romans
1052:Greeks
993:Moesia
949:xiphos
945:Greece
897:Celtic
776:wicker
772:mitrai
751:Lydian
733:. The
628:peltes
613:bronze
570:wagons
566:Arrian
551:Theban
533:Celtic
501:spears
481:peltes
475:using
342:Athens
304:, the
290:Romans
179:Greeks
131:Pieria
122:. The
57:Thrace
1265:AD 7
1256:Bessi
1245:Tylis
1234:Gauls
1132:Roman
1106:. An
1096:truce
1060:Plato
997:Dacia
985:Roman
979:Roman
955:type
953:Greek
903:Celts
843:polis
783:Greek
779:pelte
768:Crete
679:Greek
675:Greek
489:clubs
358:Greek
318:Celts
294:Greek
286:Teres
124:Greek
116:Homer
112:Iliad
53:Greek
2543:ISBN
2526:ISBN
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1992:ISBN
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1936:ISBN
1914:ISBN
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1517:ISBN
1500:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1420:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1386:ISBN
1361:Sica
1281:and
1258:and
1218:and
1126:and
1090:and
1072:Laws
911:sica
828:Navy
729:and
671:oval
649:and
624:Oval
617:iron
615:but
531:and
509:sica
372:The
348:and
324:and
268:The
158:Ares
139:Troy
2363:I."
2353:...
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