1157:. No to abusing public money, such as threatening to withhold money from projects in the MP's constituency, and private lives." Former chief whips disclosed that whips have a notebook documenting MPs' indiscretions, and that they help MPs in any sort of trouble ("it might be debt, it might be ... a scandal involving small boys ...") in any way they can to "store up brownie points ... that sounds a pretty, pretty nasty reason, but it's one of the reasons because if we could get a chap out of trouble then he will do as we ask forever more."
840:
mentioned that the ministry had sent for their friends to the north and to Paris, "whipping them in, than which, he said, there could not be a better phrase". Although Burke's particular emphasis on the expression implied its comparative novelty, the hunting term had been used in this political context for at least a generation: on 18 November 1742 Heneage Finch remarked in a letter to Lord Malton that "the Whigs for once in their lives have whipped in better than the Tories".
955:(MLA) on whom to vote. Should a whip's order be violated by a member of the same party, then the whip can recommend immediate dismissal of that member from the house due to indiscipline and the Speaker of the respective house can decide on the matter (without time limit). Should the whip choose not follow up on the violation his/her official whip order by own party member due to any reason, then any member of house can do so to the Speaker.
1063:. Instead, one of the party's whips votes on behalf of all the members of their party, by declaring how many members are in favour and/or how many members are opposed. They also cast proxy votes for single-member parties whose member is not in the chamber at the time of the vote, and also cast proxy votes during personal votes for absent members of their parties and for absent members of associated single-member parties.
726:
1323:
864:, as well as in the parliaments of the six states and two self-governing territories, major political parties have whips to ensure party discipline and carry out a variety of other functions on behalf of the party leadership. The most important function of the whip's office is to ensure that all members and senators are present to take part in votes in the chamber (maintaining
1113:, so the party's wishes are indicated unequivocally but indirectly. These whips are issued to MPs in the form of a letter outlining the parliamentary schedule, with a sentence such as "Your attendance is absolutely essential" next to each debate in which there will be a vote, underlined one, two or three times according to the severity of the whip:
1139:
is a strict instruction to attend and vote according to the party's position, breach of which would normally have serious consequences. Permission not to attend may be given by the whip, but a serious reason is needed. Breach of a three-line whip can lead to expulsion from the parliamentary political
1152:
The role of whips is largely to ensure that MPs vote as required by the party leadership, i.e. to secure the government's business, and to protect the prime minister. Whips use a combination of threats and promises to secure compliance. A former chief whip said that there was a dividing line between
839:
It was within the context of such summonses to members out of town that the first known
Parliamentary instance of the use of the term "whip" occurred. In the debate of 8 May 1769 on a petition from some Middlesex freeholders against the seating of Henry Luttrell instead of John Wilkes, Edmund Burke
1492:. As the office of president pro tempore is largely honorific and usually given to the longest-serving senator of the majority, the majority whip is in reality the second-ranking senator in the majority conference. Similarly, in the House, the majority whip is outranked by both the
1180:"Defying a three-line whip is very serious, and has occasionally resulted in the whip being withdrawn from an MP or Lord. This means that the Member is effectively expelled from their party (but keeps their seat) and must sit as an independent until the whip is restored."
1448:, have majority and minority whips. They in turn have subordinate "regional" whips. While members of Congress often vote along party lines, the influence of the whip is weaker than in the UK system; American politicians have considerably more freedom to diverge from the
794:
Whips are the party's "enforcers". They work to ensure that their fellow political party legislators attend voting sessions and vote according to their party's official policy. Members who vote against party policy may "lose the whip", being expelled from the party.
1170:"Losing the whip is seen by many as one of the strongest punishments a political party can dole out to its MPs. The move essentially expels the member from their party, meaning that while they can remain on the green benches, they have to sit as an independent MP."
1025:-based parliamentary democracies. However, party discipline tends to be tighter in Malaysia and therefore the role of the whip is generally less important, though its importance is heightened when the government majority is less in the lower house.
1479:
in both houses of
Congress, and a whip may be able to offer promotion or threaten demotion within that system. In the House of Representatives, the influence of a single member individually is relatively small and therefore depends a great deal on
1006:
From 1998, whips and assistant whips may be entitled to an allowance on top of their base legislator's salary. In 2011, these allowances varied proportional to the size of the group, with Fianna Fáil's Dáil whip's allowance the highest at €19,000.
994:
The timing of most votes are difficult to predict and TDs are expected to stay within earshot of the division bell at all times. All TDs are expected to vote with their party and to receive permission if they intend to be absent for a vote.
1096:, although the chief whip's office is currently located at 9 Downing Street. Government whips report to the prime minister on any possible backbench revolts and the general opinion of MPs within the party, and upon the exercise of the
1165:
Having the whip withdrawn means the MP is effectively expelled from their party. UK parties do not have the power to expel an MP from parliament, but can force the MP to sit as an independent and remove them from ministerial office.
872:). Unlike in the United Kingdom, Australian whips do not hold official office, but they are recognised for parliamentary purposes. In practice, Australian whips play a lesser role than their counterparts in the United Kingdom, as
1222:(Floor Secretary), who enforces party discipline in the same way a whip does in English-speaking nations. The Minister for Parliamentary Relations also often performs a role similar to a whip, but works for the incumbent
1507:
In both the House and the Senate, the minority whip is the second highest-ranking individual in the minority party (the party with the lesser number of legislators in a legislative body), outranked only by the
1285:
said "Voting according to conscience doesn't work in a political party system. We all get into the list of things and go to
Parliament as parliamentarians of the ANC There will be no voting against the ANC."
1487:
In the Senate, the majority whip is the third-highest ranking individual in the majority party (the party with the most seats). The majority whip is outranked by the majority leader and, unofficially, the
1437:, and many county and city legislative bodies are divided along party lines and have whips, as well as majority and minority leaders. The whip is also the assistant majority or assistant minority leader.
1108:
In the sense of 'voting instructions', there are three categories of whip in
British politics that are issued on particular business. An expressed instruction on how to vote could constitute a breach of
1050:
Whips act in an administrative role, making sure members of their party are in the debating chamber when required and organising members of their party to speak during debates. Since the introduction of
923:. In the House of Commons, the whip's office prepares and distributes vote sheets identifying the party position on each bill or motion. The whip is also responsible for assigning offices and scheduling
943:. Usually, they direct the party members to stick to the party's stand on certain issues and directs them to vote as per the direction of senior party members. However, there are some cases such as
1493:
827:
as, "a huntsman's assistant who keeps the hounds from straying by driving them back with the whip into the main body of the pack". According to that dictionary, the first recorded use of the term
1309:
When voting for critical bills, whips may issue a top-mobilization order asking members to attend the assembly. Party members failing to obey the order are suspended or expelled from the party.
1604:
1420:
1464:
open to a wide number of voters, candidates who support their constituents' positions rather than those of their party leaders cannot easily be rejected by their party, due to a democratic
987:
in the Dáil and the analogous
Independent groups in the Seanad nominate whips to attend these meetings even though there is no party line for their whips to enforce. Whips also coordinate
1481:
1456:
is raised by individual candidates. Furthermore, nobody, including members of
Congress, can be expelled from a political party, which is formed simply by open registration. Because
1039:
In New
Zealand, the concept of the whip was inherited from British rule. All political parties that have four or more members in Parliament have at least one party whip, although
1497:
1154:
1258:
after the leader and the spokesperson. The deputy spokesperson enforces party discipline in every vote, being thus the equivalent of a party whip in
English-speaking countries.
1047:. Parties with 25 to 44 members are allowed two whips (one senior and one junior), and parties with 45 or more members are entitled to three whips (one senior and two junior).
976:
1489:
805:
Additionally, the term "whip" may mean the voting instructions issued to legislators, or the status of a certain legislator in their party's parliamentary grouping.
1844:
1132:
is an instruction to attend and vote; partially binding for voting according to the party's position, attendance required unless prior permission given by the whip.
2023:
1718:
1429:
In the United States there are legislatures at the local (city councils, town councils, county boards, etc.), state, and federal levels. The federal legislature (
1141:
883:" which controls the ability of members and senators to leave the parliament building during sittings, as well as the entitlement to be absent during divisions.
1121:
is a guide to what the party's policy would indicate, and notification of when the vote is expected to take place; this is non-binding for attendance or voting.
1110:
999:
are not a common feature of the Irish parliamentary tradition but they do happen on occasion, and there are calls for them to happen more often. For instance,
1475:
positions, a whip in the United States cannot bargain for votes by promising promotion or threatening demotion in a sitting administration. There is, however,
2087:
2432:
701:
2068:
1424:
1140:
group in extreme circumstances, and even to expulsion from the party. Consequently, three-line whips are generally only issued on key issues, such as
1052:
754:
1472:
1085:
2279:
1441:
1081:
2381:
2228:
1951:
1910:
1819:
1476:
1453:
1587:
1731:
1595:
1175:"... severe punishment. The most severe is "having the whip withdrawn" - which means you are kicked out of the party within Parliament."
1040:
706:
1571:
2338:
1670:
1092:. By virtue of holding the office of Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury, the government chief whip has an official residence at
1766:
1406:
1782:
1608:
1600:
1340:
711:
2450:
2105:
988:
939:. Every major political party appoints a whip who is responsible for the party's discipline and behaviours on the floor of the
880:
2460:
2055:
S.I. No. 347/2011 — Oireachtas (Allowances) (Members and
Holders of Parliamentary and Certain Ministerial Offices) Order 2011
1612:
1344:
1203:
952:
944:
2181:
1387:
1701:
2455:
1359:
1089:
894:
362:
1536:
1299:
747:
150:
1267:
1255:
1199:
1366:
2041:
Oireachtas (Allowances To
Members) and Ministerial, Parliamentary, Judicial and Court Offices (Amendment) Act, 1998
886:
693:
1333:
1278:
912:
819:
674:
2465:
1373:
1034:
411:
342:
2251:
2072:
1619:
was chosen to have the same initials as the original trilogy's protagonist Francis Urquhart, and to reference
1148:. The nature of three-line whips and the potential punishments for revolt vary among parties and legislatures.
1583:
861:
740:
366:
1555:
1524:
1430:
1355:
1251:
890:
855:
602:
2298:
1627:
1016:
972:
936:
644:
583:
538:
501:
357:
352:
337:
298:
126:
106:
2212:
1516:
1501:
1445:
1434:
1271:
1223:
1153:
legitimate and illegitimate persuasion: "Yes to threats on preferment (for government positions) and
948:
639:
431:
238:
96:
76:
1688:
House of Commons briefing note: The Whip's Office Doc ref. SN/PC/02829. Last updated 10 October 2008
1574:, and the title was also used for subsequent series based on other countries' political systems. In
1003:
usually allowed a free vote on abortion bills, as in the Protection of Human Life In Pregnancy Act.
2040:
1675:
940:
906:
679:
669:
664:
649:
629:
486:
308:
293:
168:
116:
2316:
1812:
2156:
2043:
1996:
1465:
1195:
1022:
924:
634:
593:
528:
446:
258:
131:
61:
52:
1452:
and vote according to their conscience or their constituents' preferences. One reason is that a
964:
1813:"leaders and chief whips of recognised parties and groups in parliament (facilities) act, 1998"
2377:
1975:
1947:
1939:
1906:
1762:
1551:
1532:
1093:
968:
451:
426:
71:
36:
2373:
2366:
1735:
1634:
references party whips in the lyric "I'm a three-line whip, I'm the sort of thing they ban."
1055:
in 1996, divisions that require all members in the chamber to vote by taking sides (termed a
1990:
I act as the whip for the Technical Group even though there is no party line to be enforced.
1873:
1559:
1515:
The whip position was created in the House of Representatives in 1897 by Republican Speaker
1471:
Because, unlike members of a parliament, members of Congress cannot serve simultaneously in
1461:
1295:
1237:
916:
873:
776:
588:
533:
515:
496:
481:
248:
183:
101:
1380:
2342:
2255:
2008:
1705:
1620:
1611:. The series charts Underwood's ambitious rise through his party's ranks until he becomes
1520:
1509:
1449:
1088:
so that the incumbent, who represents the whips in general, has a seat and a voice in the
1060:
984:
983:. The whips of each house meet weekly to set the agenda for the next week's business. The
980:
784:
772:
730:
659:
654:
574:
548:
543:
523:
421:
416:
43:
1500:. Unlike the Senate's presiding officer, the Speaker is the leader of his or her party's
919:
or a provincial legislature charged with ensuring party discipline among members of the
1790:
1306:
the party whip is the executive director of the Policy Committee or the caucus leader.
1282:
1145:
1000:
869:
780:
456:
406:
347:
213:
198:
2054:
802:" during a hunt, who tries to prevent hounds from wandering away from a hunting pack.
725:
2444:
2421:
1586:
and the trilogy charts his ambitious rise through his party's ranks until he becomes
1547:
927:
from his or her party for various bills, motions and other proceedings in the House.
327:
243:
233:
2426:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1528:
1457:
817:
in its parliamentary context, derived from its origins in hunting terminology. The
562:
441:
401:
396:
332:
313:
178:
1527:, was appointed in about 1900. In the Senate, the position was created in 1913 by
2207:
1900:
2233:
1698:
1322:
799:
788:
436:
386:
322:
318:
288:
223:
158:
2088:"The discreet art of whipping: what are the limits for parliament's enforcers?"
17:
2397:
1631:
1579:
1303:
1077:
996:
897:. For Labor and the Liberals, the chief whip is assisted by two deputy whips.
283:
218:
208:
2130:
1242:, the Spanish legislature, political parties appoint a member to the role of
2266:
1097:
620:
491:
263:
253:
173:
163:
1226:
as a whole rather than for a single specific party or parliamentary group.
1649:
explains that the term "whip" originated from the practice of physically
1638:
303:
228:
203:
193:
86:
2436:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 590.
1270:
system, the concept of a political party whip, which was inherited from
879:
Their roles in the chamber include taking divisions, and maintaining a "
2402:
1347: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
188:
831:
in the parliamentary sense occurs in 1772. However, P.D.G. Thomas in
920:
865:
391:
2249:
Structure of Government - Office bearers of legislative institutions
2024:"Fianna Fáil to allow free vote on forthcoming abortion legislation"
1484:(i.e., in most cases, on the length of time they have held office).
2248:
2131:"What is removing the whip, filibustering and other Brexit jargon?"
1845:"Issuing whips to MPs, MLAs in Presidential poll is an offence: EC"
911:
In Canada the Party Whip is the member of a political party in the
2280:"ANC MPs will toe party line in no confidence motion - chief whip"
1550:, formerly Chief of Staff for British Conservative Prime Minister
2182:"Pd: Borghi, segretario d'Aula esperienza straordinaria, grazie"
1563:
1316:
835:
cites two examples of the use of the term that pre-date 1772.
2106:"What does it mean for MPs to 'lose the whip' in Parliament?"
1566:
between 1990 and 1995. The first book in the trilogy, titled
2425:
1421:
Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives
1021:
Party whips in Malaysia serve a similar role as in other
1946:. Institute of Public Administration. pp. 147–150.
1905:. Institute of Public Administration. p. 37, fn.6.
2229:"Guide to party discipline in the Congress of Deputies"
1940:"How parliamentary accountability functions in Ireland"
1719:
Free Votes in Australian and some Overseas Parliaments
1294:
Party whips exist in most of the major parties of the
889:
whips are appointed by the leader of the party, while
1460:
of candidates for office is generally done through a
935:
In India, the concept of the whip was inherited from
2319:. Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives
1623:, the first party whip for the US Democratic Party.
1531:, chair of the Democratic caucus, when he appointed
977:
Minister of State at the Department of the Taoiseach
2341:. Office of the house majority whip. Archived from
2365:
2299:"Showdown looms over 'state of the nation' speech"
1783:"Derek O'Brien is TMC's Chief Whip in Rajya Sabha"
1671:How the term 'Whip' came to be used in Parliament
1535:as the first whip, while Republicans later chose
779:(that members of the party vote according to the
2069:"The Musterer replaces whips in the Green Party"
1734:. Parliamentary Education Office. Archived from
1717:Parliament of Australia: Parliamentary Library.
1100:, which is used to motivate and reward loyalty.
1933:
1931:
1929:
837:
1944:Accountability in Irish parliamentary politics
1558:, centred around a fictional party whip named
1523:as the first whip. The first Democratic whip,
1433:), the legislatures in all states except for
1244:
1235:
1216:
1208:
963:Whips exist for all parliamentary parties in
748:
8:
2071:. Green Party of New Zealand. Archived from
1562:, which was dramatised and broadcast by the
1302:the party whip is the Caucus leader. In the
1868:
1866:
1761:. Vancouver: UBC Press. pp. 248–249.
1653:party members to force voting compliance.
833:House of Commons in the Eighteenth Century
755:
741:
567:
57:
31:
1425:Party leaders of the United States Senate
1407:Learn how and when to remove this message
845:In countries using the Westminster system
787:or that of donors or constituents) in a
1662:
1254:), which is the third authority of the
1086:Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury
115:
85:
60:
42:
2004:
1994:
27:Position within some political parties
1980:. Oireachtas. Vol. 734 No.2 p.6 c.250
7:
2086:Wintour, Patrick (21 January 2022).
1477:a highly structured committee system
1345:adding citations to reliable sources
1759:Whipped: Party Discipline in Canada
1669:Pandiyan, M. Veera (May 14, 2006).
1490:president pro tempore of the Senate
1572:television series of the same name
876:in Australia tends to be tighter.
25:
2267:Chief Whips on Parliament Website
1974:Murphy, Catherine (2 June 2011).
2247:Parliamentary Monitoring Group.
2067:Donald, Rod (14 December 1999).
1825:from the original on 8 July 2014
1697:Parliamentary Education Office.
1321:
724:
1789:. 2 August 2012. Archived from
1332:needs additional citations for
2208:"Board of Party Spokespersons"
2022:Ronan McGreevy (30 May 2013).
1539:as the party's first in 1915.
1482:the representative's seniority
1080:of the governing party in the
1059:) are rarely used, except for
953:Member of Legislative Assembly
1:
2297:Hsu, Crystal (2 April 2002).
1938:MacCarthaigh, Muiris (2005).
1899:MacCarthaigh, Muiris (2008).
1699:Fact Sheet 36: The Party Whip
1440:Both houses of Congress, the
1266:Although South Africa uses a
945:Indian Presidential elections
2227:Carlos Manso (31 May 2017).
1902:Government in Modern Ireland
1454:considerable amount of money
1300:Democratic Progressive Party
1084:is customarily appointed as
947:where whips cannot direct a
798:The term is taken from the "
1818:. Rajya Sabha Secretariat.
1268:proportional representation
1053:proportional representation
707:Political parties by region
497:Party convention/conference
2482:
1732:"Fact Sheet – Party Whips"
1593:In the American remake of
1578:, Francis Urquhart is the
1418:
1032:
1014:
904:
853:
694:Lists of political parties
1645:" features a scene where
1279:African National Congress
1236:
1161:Having the whip withdrawn
1076:In British politics, the
975:chief whip is normally a
913:Canadian House of Commons
893:whips are elected by the
820:Oxford English Dictionary
702:Ruling parties by country
675:National unity government
2372:. Basic Books. pp.
2364:Gould, Lewis L. (2005).
2254:19 November 2011 at the
1442:House of Representatives
1035:Party whip (New Zealand)
785:their individual beliefs
775:whose task is to ensure
712:Banned political parties
412:Leader of the Opposition
380:Leaders and organization
343:Parliamentary opposition
2433:Encyclopædia Britannica
2368:The Most Exclusive Club
1977:Dáil Reform: Statements
1274:, has been maintained.
1111:parliamentary privilege
862:Parliament of Australia
2451:Government occupations
1757:Marland, Alex (2020).
1525:Oscar Wilder Underwood
1298:. For example, in the
1245:
1234:In both houses of the
1217:
1209:
1204:Senate of the Republic
1182:
1177:
1172:
891:Australian Labor Party
856:Party whip (Australia)
842:
2461:Political terminology
2339:"History of the Whip"
1584:UK Conservative Party
1570:, was adapted into a
1419:Further information:
1272:colonial British rule
1178:
1173:
1168:
1017:Party whip (Malaysia)
937:colonial British rule
645:Confidence and supply
502:Leadership convention
353:Official party status
309:Entrepreneurial party
2456:Parliamentary titles
2213:Congress of Deputies
1880:. Dublin: Oireachtas
1704:24 July 2013 at the
1356:"Whip" politics
1341:improve this article
949:Member of Parliament
771:is an official of a
650:Consensus government
640:Coalition government
432:Parliamentary leader
239:Classical radicalism
2075:on 30 October 2013.
1676:The Star (Malaysia)
1609:US Democratic Party
1605:House Majority Whip
1502:caucus in the House
1256:parliamentary group
1224:governing coalition
1200:Chamber of Deputies
1198:groups in both the
1142:votes of confidence
907:Party Whip (Canada)
731:Politics portal
680:Rotation government
670:Minority government
665:Majority government
630:Parliamentary group
487:Leadership election
169:Christian democracy
2345:on 5 December 2010
2317:"Democratic Whips"
2137:. 4 September 2019
2057:Irish Statute Book
2044:Irish Statute Book
1849:The Times of India
1793:on 14 October 2013
1543:In popular culture
1281:secretary general
1185:In other countries
1023:Westminster system
635:Divided government
529:Crossing the floor
475:Internal elections
447:Party spokesperson
358:Single-issue party
53:Political Spectrum
2383:978-0-465-02778-1
2278:Thulani Gqirana.
1953:978-1-904541-31-8
1912:978-1-904541-72-1
1552:Margaret Thatcher
1533:J. Hamilton Lewis
1417:
1416:
1409:
1391:
1218:Segretario d'Aula
1094:12 Downing Street
1043:whips are called
823:defines the term
765:
764:
611:
610:
427:Political faction
140:
139:
16:(Redirected from
2473:
2437:
2429:
2408:
2407:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2371:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2275:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1935:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1728:
1722:
1715:
1709:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1667:
1560:Francis Urquhart
1556:trilogy of books
1519:, who appointed
1473:Executive Branch
1462:primary election
1412:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1349:
1325:
1317:
1296:Legislative Yuan
1248:
1246:portavoz adjunto
1241:
1240:
1238:Cortes Generales
1220:
1212:
1130:double-line whip
1119:single-line whip
1082:House of Commons
1061:conscience votes
981:cabinet meetings
874:party discipline
777:party discipline
757:
750:
743:
729:
728:
568:
534:Party discipline
516:Party discipline
482:Primary election
338:Opposition party
249:Social democracy
184:Environmentalism
58:
32:
21:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2466:Political whips
2441:
2440:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2261:
2256:Wayback Machine
2246:
2242:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2188:. 30 March 2021
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2035:
2028:The Irish Times
2021:
2020:
2016:
2003:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1716:
1712:
1706:Wayback Machine
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1621:Oscar Underwood
1617:Frank Underwood
1601:Frank Underwood
1545:
1537:James Wadsworth
1521:James A. Tawney
1510:minority leader
1494:majority leader
1427:
1413:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1350:
1348:
1338:
1326:
1315:
1292:
1264:
1232:
1214:(Secretary) or
1192:
1187:
1163:
1137:three-line whip
1106:
1074:
1069:
1037:
1031:
1019:
1013:
985:Technical Group
961:
933:
917:Canadian Senate
909:
903:
870:censure motions
868:and preventing
858:
852:
847:
813:The expression
811:
773:political party
761:
723:
718:
717:
716:
696:
686:
685:
684:
660:Hung parliament
655:Grand coalition
624:
623:between parties
613:
612:
607:
598:
579:
565:
555:
554:
553:
549:Party switching
544:Party-line vote
524:Conscience vote
518:
508:
507:
506:
476:
468:
467:
466:
422:Minority leader
417:Majority leader
381:
373:
372:
371:
304:Catch-all party
278:
270:
269:
268:
153:
142:
141:
136:
111:
81:
55:
37:Politics series
28:
23:
22:
18:Three-line whip
15:
12:
11:
5:
2479:
2477:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2424:, ed. (1911).
2422:Chisholm, Hugh
2416:
2415:External links
2413:
2410:
2409:
2389:
2382:
2356:
2330:
2308:
2289:
2270:
2259:
2240:
2219:
2199:
2173:
2148:
2122:
2097:
2078:
2059:
2047:
2033:
2014:
1966:
1952:
1925:
1911:
1891:
1862:
1851:. 10 July 2012
1836:
1804:
1774:
1767:
1749:
1738:on 19 May 2013
1723:
1710:
1690:
1681:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1628:Demolition Man
1596:House of Cards
1588:Prime Minister
1576:House of Cards
1568:House of Cards
1544:
1541:
1415:
1414:
1329:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1291:
1288:
1283:Gwede Mantashe
1263:
1260:
1231:
1228:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1162:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1133:
1122:
1105:
1102:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:United Kingdom
1065:
1030:
1027:
1015:Main article:
1012:
1009:
979:, and attends
969:Seanad Éireann
960:
957:
932:
929:
905:Main article:
902:
899:
854:Main article:
851:
848:
846:
843:
810:
807:
781:party platform
763:
762:
760:
759:
752:
745:
737:
734:
733:
720:
719:
715:
714:
709:
704:
698:
697:
692:
691:
688:
687:
683:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
626:
625:
619:
618:
615:
614:
609:
608:
606:
605:
599:
597:
596:
591:
586:
584:Dominant-party
580:
578:
577:
571:
566:
561:
560:
557:
556:
552:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
520:
519:
514:
513:
510:
509:
505:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
465:
464:
459:
457:Shadow cabinet
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
407:Lead candidate
404:
399:
394:
389:
383:
382:
379:
378:
375:
374:
370:
369:
360:
355:
350:
348:Party of power
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
280:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:
267:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
214:Libertarianism
211:
206:
201:
199:Green politics
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
155:
154:
148:
147:
144:
143:
138:
137:
135:
134:
129:
123:
120:
119:
113:
112:
110:
109:
104:
102:Radical Centre
99:
93:
90:
89:
83:
82:
80:
79:
74:
68:
65:
64:
56:
51:
50:
47:
46:
44:Party politics
40:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2478:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2435:
2434:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2360:
2357:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2187:
2186:deputatiPD.it
2183:
2177:
2174:
2162:
2161:UK Parliament
2158:
2152:
2149:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2015:
2010:
1998:
1991:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1967:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1895:
1892:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1792:
1788:
1787:Outlook India
1784:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1768:9780774864978
1764:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:Michael Dobbs
1542:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1422:
1411:
1408:
1400:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1358: –
1357:
1353:
1352:Find sources:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1330:This section
1328:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1313:United States
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:parliamentary
1189:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1104:Instructions
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1057:personal vote
1054:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1002:
998:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
958:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
930:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
908:
900:
898:
896:
892:
888:
887:Liberal Party
884:
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
857:
849:
844:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
821:
816:
808:
806:
803:
801:
796:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
758:
753:
751:
746:
744:
739:
738:
736:
735:
732:
727:
722:
721:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
695:
690:
689:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
622:
617:
616:
604:
601:
600:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
581:
576:
573:
572:
570:
569:
564:
563:Party systems
559:
558:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
517:
512:
511:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
472:
471:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
377:
376:
368:
367:International
364:
363:Transnational
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
274:
273:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
244:Republicanism
242:
240:
237:
235:
234:Progressivism
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
152:
146:
145:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
122:
121:
118:
114:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
94:
92:
91:
88:
84:
78:
75:
73:
70:
69:
67:
66:
63:
59:
54:
49:
48:
45:
41:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2431:
2427:"Whip"
2401:
2392:
2367:
2359:
2347:. Retrieved
2343:the original
2333:
2321:. Retrieved
2311:
2303:Taipei Times
2302:
2292:
2283:
2273:
2262:
2243:
2232:
2222:
2211:
2202:
2190:. Retrieved
2185:
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2160:
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2134:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2109:
2100:
2092:The Guardian
2091:
2081:
2073:the original
2062:
2050:
2036:
2027:
2017:
1989:
1982:. Retrieved
1976:
1969:
1957:. Retrieved
1943:
1916:. Retrieved
1901:
1894:
1882:. Retrieved
1877:
1853:. Retrieved
1848:
1839:
1827:. Retrieved
1807:
1795:. Retrieved
1791:the original
1786:
1777:
1758:
1752:
1740:. Retrieved
1736:the original
1726:
1713:
1693:
1684:
1674:
1665:
1643:The Scofflaw
1636:
1625:
1616:
1594:
1592:
1575:
1567:
1546:
1529:John W. Kern
1514:
1506:
1486:
1470:
1458:preselection
1439:
1428:
1403:
1394:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1351:
1339:Please help
1334:verification
1331:
1308:
1293:
1276:
1265:
1262:South Africa
1252:spokesperson
1243:
1233:
1215:
1207:
1193:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1151:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1107:
1075:
1056:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1020:
1005:
993:
965:Dáil Éireann
962:
934:
910:
885:
878:
859:
838:
832:
828:
824:
818:
814:
812:
804:
797:
793:
783:rather than
768:
766:
603:Non-partisan
461:
442:Party leader
402:Frontbencher
397:Caucus chair
333:Ruling party
314:Ethnic party
294:Cartel party
179:Conservatism
127:Centre-Right
107:Centre-Right
35:Part of the
29:
2234:ABC (Spain)
2005:|work=
1984:21 February
1959:21 February
1918:21 February
1884:21 February
1615:. The name
1517:Thomas Reed
1041:Green Party
1029:New Zealand
1001:Fianna Fáil
789:legislature
594:Multi-party
437:Party chair
387:Backbencher
323:Minor party
319:Major party
299:Competitive
289:Elite party
224:Nationalism
159:Agrarianism
97:Centre-Left
77:Centre-Left
2445:Categories
2166:8 November
2141:8 November
2115:8 November
1657:References
1632:The Police
1626:The song "
1580:chief whip
1554:, wrote a
1450:party line
1397:March 2016
1367:newspapers
1304:Kuomintang
1210:Segretario
1206:appoint a
1078:chief whip
1033:See also:
997:Free votes
973:government
881:pairs book
829:whipper-in
825:whipper-in
800:whipper-in
621:Coalitions
539:Party line
328:Mass party
284:Bloc party
259:Syncretism
219:Monarchism
209:Liberalism
151:Ideologies
117:Right-Wing
2192:29 August
2007:ignored (
1997:cite book
1641:episode "
1613:president
1277:In 2017,
1098:patronage
1045:musterers
850:Australia
809:Etymology
589:Two-party
575:One-party
492:Open list
452:Secretary
264:Third Way
254:Socialism
174:Communism
164:Anarchism
132:Far-Right
62:Left-Wing
2349:18 April
2323:21 April
2252:Archived
2135:BBC News
2110:Sky News
1878:Glossary
1855:3 August
1829:3 August
1820:Archived
1797:3 August
1702:Archived
1651:whipping
1639:Seinfeld
1607:for the
1582:for the
1496:and the
1435:Nebraska
1431:Congress
1250:(deputy
1202:and the
1126:two-line
1011:Malaysia
951:(MP) or
925:speakers
229:Populism
204:Islamism
194:Feminism
72:Far-Left
2403:YouTube
2157:"Whips"
1874:"Whips"
1742:27 July
1603:is the
1498:speaker
1466:mandate
1381:scholar
1155:honours
1090:Cabinet
989:pairing
959:Ireland
860:In the
189:Fascism
2398:"Whip"
2380:
2374:57, 59
2284:News24
1950:
1909:
1765:
1647:Kramer
1446:Senate
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1290:Taiwan
1146:supply
1072:People
971:. The
921:caucus
915:, the
901:Canada
895:Caucus
866:quorum
392:Caucus
149:Major
87:Centre
1823:(PDF)
1816:(PDF)
1630:" by
1388:JSTOR
1374:books
1230:Spain
1194:Most
1190:Italy
941:house
931:India
791:.
277:Types
2378:ISBN
2351:2010
2325:2010
2194:2022
2168:2023
2143:2023
2117:2023
2009:help
1986:2012
1961:2012
1948:ISBN
1920:2012
1907:ISBN
1886:2012
1857:2012
1831:2012
1799:2012
1763:ISBN
1744:2013
1637:The
1444:and
1423:and
1360:news
1144:and
967:and
815:whip
769:whip
462:Whip
1564:BBC
1343:by
1128:or
2447::
2430:.
2400:.
2376:.
2301:.
2282:.
2231:.
2210:.
2184:.
2159:.
2133:.
2108:.
2090:.
2026:.
2001::
1999:}}
1995:{{
1988:.
1942:.
1928:^
1876:.
1865:^
1847:.
1785:.
1673:.
1599:,
1590:.
1512:.
1504:.
1468:.
1135:A
1124:A
1117:A
991:.
767:A
365:/
321:/
2406:.
2386:.
2353:.
2327:.
2305:.
2286:.
2237:.
2216:.
2196:.
2170:.
2145:.
2119:.
2094:.
2030:.
2011:)
1963:.
1922:.
1888:.
1859:.
1833:.
1801:.
1771:.
1746:.
1721:.
1708:.
1679:.
1410:)
1404:(
1399:)
1395:(
1385:·
1378:·
1371:·
1364:·
1337:.
756:e
749:t
742:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.