1514:
559:
Song and Yuan. After the Song
Dynasty, the religion was renamed Mingism, and was denounced by the rulers of the time as a "vegetable-eating devil". "The reason for this is that Manichaeism rejects meat and vegetables, but its followers do not eat only vegetables; for them, fruits and vegetables are the most desirable food. The term "serving the devil" is a derogatory term used by those who are hostile to Manichaeism, saying that it serves demons. But in fact, the practice of Manichaeism is very strict. In addition to insisting on vegetarianism, Chen Yuan also pointed out that "Manichaeism is extremely strict with itself, extremely forgiving with others, extremely disciplined with itself, extremely fair with money, and no less than a moral religion. Thus, the religion was quite popular among the people". Manichaeism also attaches great importance to the juxtaposition of scriptures and pictures In the way of missions, the leader Mani not only wrote
441:
77:
474:, came to Chang'an with a statue of the scriptures, and Emperor Taizong sent his chancellor, Fang Xuanling, to the western suburbs to welcome the guest inside. After examining the teachings, Emperor Taizong ordered the construction of a Daqin temple in Yiningfang, which was also known as the Jing religion temple, and began the translation of the scriptures with the help of Fang Xuanling and Wei Zheng. Thereafter, Jingism developed smoothly in China for 150 years, and at one time, "the Dharma flowed through ten provinces and the temples filled a hundred cities". According to the Dzogchen, the Persian monk
1253:
1141:
317:
55:
430:
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36:
479:
establishment of the Yuan
Dynasty, but it died out again during the Ming Dynasty. There are few artworks of the Jing religion left behind, but there are now paintings of Christ in the Zangjing cave and murals in the Jing temple in Gaochang. In addition, there are tombstones with engravings and decorations by Christians, and bronze medallions (bronze crosses and other shaped robes and decorations).
494:
478:
translated 35 Jing sutras into
Chinese in the 8th century AD. It was not until Emperor Wu Zong of the Tang Dynasty initiated the persecution of Buddhism in Huichang that the Jing religion fell victim and declined rapidly. The second major expansion of the religion into China was not until after the
389:
and Tang dynasties. These Sabao served
Sogdian Zoroastrians, specializing in the management of the Western Hu people living in the Central Plains and their religious activities. This position was especially prevalent amongst the Hua Sogdians. During the Tang dynasty, there was a competition held by
558:
of the Tang
Dynasty in Huichang that Manichaeism was also banned. The religion then moved to the coastal areas of southern China, such as Fujian and Zhejiang, where it was secretly spread among the people and gradually combined with other religions, and remained intact through the Five Dynasties,
465:
is the name given to the
Eastern Christian Church after it was introduced to China. Since its seat was located in the Sassanid Empire of Persia, it was called the Great Qin Church and the Persian Scripture Church when it first entered the Tang Empire, and was eventually named in Chinese
260:, with a population of more than one million, was particularly cosmopolitan, as the city was strongly influenced by foreign cultures. Indian illusionists, Persian dancers, singers, musicians, harem girls, and exotic cuisine could be found in the streets, and
362:, the supreme god of Zoroastrianism. Lin Wush believes that Zoroastrianism was introduced to China in the middle of the 5th century, while Rong Xinjiang, after examining various documents, believes that it was introduced to China in the early 4th century.
271:, which led to their gradual decline. However, their influence was still strong in certain periods of Chinese history. In particular, Manichaeism was transferred to the folk secrets in the later period, blending with Buddhism, Taoism, and folk beliefs. The
553:
established
Manichaeism as the state religion. Relying on the political strength of the Uighurs, the religion began to spread widely in the Central Plains, and a Manichaean monastery, the Great Cloud Temple of Light, was established. It was not until
532:
reign (694), the
Persian Fudodan came to the dynasty with Manichean scriptures. The status of women in Manichaeism is very high, and Wu Zetian may have a good impression of them and treat Manichaeism preferentially. Later, the translated book
916:
948:
373:", Zoroastrianism calls its places of worship "shrines". Zoroastrianism also differs from other religions in that its followers did not preach in China, nor did they translate scriptures, so only the
264:
was a popular activity at the court, where noble women also enjoyed horseback riding. The Tang dynasty’s cosmopolitanism therefore facilitated spread of the three
Persian religions.
878:
1076:
905:
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by himself. Manichaean artwork, such as manuscript illustrations, painted streamers, wall paintings, and silk scrolls, are brightly colored, gorgeous and dazzling.
440:
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because it borrowed a lot of
Buddhist terminology and was judged to be "an evil opinion and a false claim of Buddhism that could confuse the people. After the
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505:" and "MIK III 6283", the top is painted with the bright virgin and the seated statue of Jesus, and the lower part is the statue of the Manichean elect.
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819:"Explore the integration of Zoroastrian customs and Chinese festival customs from the Dunhuang "Sai Zuo" in the Late Tang and Five Dynasties"
502:
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856:
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470:. According to the Daqin Jinghuism Popular China Tablet, in the ninth year of Emperor Taizong's reign (635), a great deity of Daqin,
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730:"Minxiapu Small Mountain Village, Minxiapu Village, Minxiapu Village, Relics of Mingjiao in "Evening to Slay the Dragon""
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256:, during which the government’s tolerance of religion facilitated the spread of different cultures. The Tang capital of
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350:, Chen Yuan argues that Zoroastrianism was first introduced to China during the Southern Liang period of the
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134:. They were recognized and protected under Tang rule, helping them to prosper in China at a time when
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676:"Zhonggu huahua xianjiao kaoshu [A Study of Sinicized Zoroastrianism in Medieval China]"
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883:(in Chinese (Taiwan)). New Taipei City: Taiwan Christian Literature and Art Publishing House.
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1988:
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The Perpetual Way: A Study of the History and Documents of Christianity in the Tang Dynasty
402:, Zoroastrianism was also targeted, eventually disappearing in China after the fall of the
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also spread to China during the Tang Dynasty. According to Chinese Muslim tradition,
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Lin Wushu (2005). "The Social Trend of Sanyi Religion in the Five Tang Dynasty".
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906:"The cultural exchange story of the Nestorian bronze medal in the Yuan Dynasty"
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717:. Nakako Library (in Japanese). Tokyo: Central Koonunsha. pp. 371–386.
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in the 3rd century AD and has always been regarded as a door of Christian
406:
in 1279. In modern-day China, Zoroastrian art is primarily unearthed from
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The three Persian religions were persecuted in the 9th century during the
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who keep these Ming-style books on mantras and religious rituals. Thus,
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2019:
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252:(639). Thereafter, the Tang Dynasty prospered until the Kaiyuan era of
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period, while Christianity and Manichaeism were both introduced to the
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2271:: † mainly a Tengrist text but recorded in a Manichaean monastery
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Zoroastrianism was first introduced to China during the early
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in the early 6th century A.D. Hu Tian, the god worshipped by
142:. The three religious movements identified by the term were
528:
According to "The Buddhist history", In the first year of
381:, practiced it. According an unearthed epitaph written in
126:), as a medieval Chinese concept, referred to a group of
365:
Unlike some other religions, which generally call their
938:"The Bronze Cross unveils the Nestorian civilization"
281:, discovered in 2008, was probably written during the
114:
330:, is a paper idol used in the Zoroastrian religion.
124: "Three Foreign Religions of the Tang Dynasty"
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593:was sent to China to meet Tang Gaozong, located in
285:. In the modern day, there are special masters in
385:, a "Sabao" official position existed during the
348:The Introduction of Fire Zoroastrianism to China
248:, Koji Wentai, in the 13th year of the Zhenguan
63:, dated to the 9th century, associated with the
334:Zoroastrianism, which originated in modern-day
16:Iranian religions that spread to Tang-era China
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556:the persecution of Buddhism by Emperor Wuzong
516:religion that originated in the territory of
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87:, dated to the 13th century, associated with
24:
8:
2164:Manichaean stone reliefs of Shangwan village
453:and the flying pattern on the Tang Dynasty
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2301:
2287:
2279:
1455:
1441:
1433:
1130:
1116:
1108:
1002:"Middle Ancient Sanyi Religion Dialectics"
639:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
2145:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 8259
2140:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 6368
2135:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4979
2130:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4974
2125:Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4959
492:
315:
2250:Story of the Twin Dragons of Great Tang
1077:"Mingjiao: Manichaeism rooted in China"
705:
162:The "three Persian religions" include:
2192:Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation
581:In addition to the Persian religions,
84:Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation
2797:Foreign relations of the Tang dynasty
2174:Manichaean wall painting MIK III 6918
2169:Manichaean temple banner MIK III 6286
7:
2112:Episodes from Mani's Missionary Work
715:History of the World 4 Tang and Indo
1836:Huichang Persecution of Manichaeism
1647:Incomplete scripture of Manichaeism
120:
1665:Sogdian-language Manichaean letter
14:
1395:Heterodox teachings (Chinese law)
1004:. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
597:Tang Dynasty The construction of
2751:
2750:
1724:Two Principles and Three Moments
1512:
1422:Huichang Persecution of Buddhism
1251:
1139:
520:. It was created by the Persian
439:
428:
396:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
338:, was the state religion of the
269:Huichang Persecution of Buddhism
75:
53:
34:
951:from the original on 2020-08-17
919:from the original on 2020-08-17
859:from the original on 2016-07-29
829:from the original on 2020-08-17
799:from the original on 2018-12-22
770:from the original on 2020-08-17
740:from the original on 2020-04-18
611:Zoroastrianism-related articles
230:Northern and Southern dynasties
2199:Veneration of the Tree of Life
1531:Seven treatises of Manichaeism
1177:Chinese salvationist religions
246:attack on the King of Gaochang
61:Painting of a Christian figure
1:
628:Christianity-related articles
577:Islam during the Tang dynasty
2802:History of religion in China
2777:Religion in the Tang dynasty
2180:Painting of the Buddha Jesus
2151:Mani's Community Established
1672:Xiapu Manichaean manuscripts
1390:Freedom of religion in China
904:Chen, Tianhui (2015-09-05).
877:Wu, Changxing (2015-06-01).
817:Zhao Hongjuan (2018-10-10).
650:Manichaeism-related articles
501:Manichaean painted banners "
356:Empress Ling of Northern Wei
293:has been transformed into a
2807:Church of the East in China
849:"Zoroastrian (Zarathustra)"
789:"Zoroastrianism (Zorodian)"
713:Zukamoto Yoshitaka (1974).
455:Nestorian pillar of Luoyang
420:Church of the East in China
320:The 10th century painting "
240:. The second Tang emperor,
214:
195:
172:
115:
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2221:Manichaean (Unicode block)
1709:Zarathustra in Manichaeism
1510:
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486:
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309:
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1714:The Buddha in Manichaeism
1632:Dunhuang Manichaean texts
1410:Ghosts in Chinese culture
1405:Regional Religious System
1249:
728:Pu Bo, ed. (2010-04-26).
220:
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110:
25:
2450:101 Names of Ahura Mazda
1154:Major religions in China
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1039:
1019:
939:
907:
760:"Fujian Mingji deceased"
661:Cao'an Manichaean Temple
634:Mogao Christian painting
2636:Three Persian religions
2105:Diagram of the Universe
1830:Three Persian religions
1660:Turpan Manichaean texts
1416:Three Persian religions
1323:Mongolian folk religion
975:Encyclopedia Britannica
674:Zhang, Xiaogui (2011).
103:three Persian religions
65:Persian Church in China
22:Three Persian religions
1739:Xroshtag and Padvaxtag
1172:Folk ritual ministries
758:Kameyou (2014-12-20).
506:
400:Emperor Wuzong of Tang
398:in the mid-800s under
331:
140:early Muslim conquests
2740:Fire temples in India
2408:Scripture and worship
1642:Manichaean Compendium
1602:Manichaean Psalm Book
1547:The Book of Mysteries
1162:Chinese folk religion
535:Manichaean Compendium
496:
319:
2735:Fire temples in Iran
2522:Accounts and legends
2257:The Secret of Heaven
2243:The Gardens of Light
1861:Abū Hilāl al-Dayhūri
1719:Jesus in Manichaeism
1627:Medinet Madi library
352:Northern Wei dynasty
116:Táng-dài sān yí jiào
89:Manichaeism in China
2792:Chinese Manichaeism
2609:History and culture
2455:Udvada Atash Behram
1927:Chinese Manichaeism
1699:Father of Greatness
1597:Fundamental Epistle
1400:Irreligion in China
1328:Qiang folk religion
1167:Ancestor veneration
853:religion.moi.gov.tw
601:is related to him.
591:Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
547:An Lushan Rebellion
489:Chinese Manichaeism
295:Chinese folk belief
291:Xiapu Manichaeanism
138:was falling to the
2539:Book of Arda Viraf
2473:Cypress of Kashmar
2053:Flying Road Pagoda
2041:Puxi Fushou Palace
1734:Messenger of Light
1704:Prince of Darkness
1622:Cologne Mani-Codex
1559:Psalms and Prayers
1555:The Book of Giants
1313:Miao folk religion
1209:Theravada Buddhism
1084:zsdh.library.sh.cn
507:
340:Achaemenid Empire
332:
190:Church of the East
2782:Religion in China
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2216:Manichaean script
2186:Sealstone of Mani
1430:
1429:
1338:Yao folk religion
1146:Religion in China
890:978-986-6131-29-5
367:places of worship
128:Iranian religions
45:, the founder of
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2719:in United States
2460:Adur Burzen-Mihr
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2098:Book of Pictures
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1886:Uyghur Khaganate
1851:East-West Schism
1846:Sergius-Tychicus
1607:Psalms of Thomas
1566:Book of Pictures
1539:Treasure of Life
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1303:Manchu shamanism
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1204:Tibetan Buddhism
1199:Chinese Buddhism
1144:
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1086:. Archived from
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1035:Zhiqing (1269).
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978:. Archived from
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563:, but also drew
539:Emperor Xuanzong
537:" was banned by
518:Sassanian Empire
449:Rubbings of the
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274:Xiapu Manuscript
254:Emperor Xuanzong
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41:Iranian prophet
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1064:. Vol. 19.
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1018:(801). "卷四十".
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242:Emperor Taizong
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2554:Chinvat Bridge
2551:
2546:
2544:Book of Jamasp
2541:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2498:Khordeh Avesta
2495:
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2480:
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2470:
2465:
2462:
2457:
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2440:Airyaman ishya
2437:
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2417:
2411:
2409:
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2396:
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2379:Amesha Spentas
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2359:
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2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2320:
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2317:Primary topics
2314:
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2310:Zoroastrianism
2308:
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2209:Writing system
2206:
2205:
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2202:
2195:
2188:
2183:
2176:
2171:
2166:
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2158:Mani's Parents
2154:
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2142:
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2132:
2127:
2122:
2115:
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2101:
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2017:
2012:
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1912:See of Babylon
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1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1583:Extracanonical
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1535:Gospel of Mani
1527:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1511:
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1369:Inner Mongolia
1366:
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1234:
1233:
1228:
1226:Roman Catholic
1223:
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1211:
1206:
1201:
1191:
1186:
1181:
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1103:
1067:
1047:
1027:
1007:
992:
961:
947:. 2015-06-15.
929:
896:
889:
869:
839:
809:
793:chiculture.net
780:
750:
720:
704:
703:
701:
698:
697:
696:
686:(3): 437–438.
669:
666:
664:
663:
658:
656:Manichaean art
652:
651:
647:
646:
641:
636:
630:
629:
625:
624:
622:Sogdian Daēnās
619:
613:
612:
608:
606:
603:
575:Main article:
572:
569:
551:Uyghur Khanate
487:Main article:
484:
481:
448:
447:
438:
437:
436:
427:
426:
425:
424:
423:
418:Main article:
415:
412:
346:. In his book
323:Sogdian Daēnās
312:Zoroastrianism
310:Main article:
307:
306:Zoroastrianism
304:
302:
299:
234:Central Plains
226:
225:
206:
183:
167:Zoroastrianism
159:
156:
148:Persian Church
144:Zoroastrianism
81:
74:
73:
59:
52:
51:
47:Zoroastrianism
40:
33:
32:
31:
21:
20:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2819:
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2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:in Azerbaijan
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
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2469:
2468:Adur Gushnasp
2466:
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2285:
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2240:
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2228:
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2219:
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2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2196:
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2184:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
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2159:
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2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
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2128:
2126:
2123:
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2120:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2091:Birth of Mani
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2066:
2065:Leshan Temple
2063:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
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1996:
1990:
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1982:
1981:
1979:
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1968:
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1920:
1918:
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1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:Cangnan Stele
1889:
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1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:New Testament
1590:
1589:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1552:
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1403:
1401:
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1244:
1241:
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1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
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1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
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1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1093:on 2018-12-30
1089:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1003:
996:
993:
982:on 2013-06-03
981:
977:
976:
971:
970:"Manichaeism"
965:
962:
950:
946:
942:
933:
930:
918:
914:
910:
908:元代景教銅牌的文化交流故事
900:
897:
892:
886:
882:
881:
873:
870:
858:
854:
850:
843:
840:
828:
824:
820:
813:
810:
798:
794:
790:
784:
781:
769:
765:
761:
754:
751:
739:
735:
731:
724:
721:
716:
709:
706:
699:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
671:
667:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
649:
648:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
627:
626:
623:
620:
618:
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614:
610:
609:
604:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
578:
570:
568:
566:
562:
557:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
504:
500:
497:10th century
495:
490:
482:
480:
477:
473:
469:
464:
456:
452:
442:
431:
421:
413:
411:
409:
408:Sogdian Tombs
405:
401:
397:
394:. During the
393:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
329:
325:
324:
318:
313:
305:
300:
298:
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288:
284:
280:
276:
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270:
265:
263:
259:
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235:
231:
218:
216:
210:
207:
199:
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191:
188:
184:
176:
174:
168:
165:
164:
163:
157:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:Sassanid Iran
133:
129:
117:
108:
104:
94:
90:
86:
85:
78:
70:
66:
62:
56:
48:
44:
37:
2755:
2635:
2559:Frashokereti
2513:Atash Behram
2503:The Revayats
2464:Adur Farnbag
2445:Fire Temples
2435:Yenghe hatam
2430:Ahuna Vairya
2399:Angra Mainyu
2268:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2197:
2190:
2178:
2156:
2149:
2119:Icon of Mani
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
1977:Commandments
1942:Organisation
1829:
1828:
1794:Shad Ohrmazd
1744:
1678:Moni Guangfo
1676:
1571:
1564:
1543:The Epistles
1415:
1414:
1268:Baháʼí Faith
1216:Christianity
1184:Confucianism
1095:. Retrieved
1088:the original
1083:
1070:
1050:
1036:
1030:
1010:
1001:
995:
984:. Retrieved
980:the original
973:
964:
953:. Retrieved
944:
940:銅十字 揭開景教千年文明
932:
921:. Retrieved
912:
899:
879:
872:
861:. Retrieved
852:
842:
831:. Retrieved
822:
812:
801:. Retrieved
792:
783:
772:. Retrieved
763:
753:
742:. Retrieved
733:
723:
714:
708:
683:
679:
580:
561:Seven Canons
543:Tang Dynasty
508:
503:MIK III 6286
467:
462:
461:
414:Christianity
404:Song dynasty
390:Sogdians in
364:
347:
333:
321:
287:Xiapu County
283:Ming dynasty
272:
266:
238:Tang dynasty
227:
212:
193:
170:
161:
102:
100:
93:Yuan dynasty
82:
69:Tang dynasty
43:Zarathushtra
2714:in Pakistan
2672:Persecution
2631:Khurramites
2344:Persia/Iran
2329:Zarathustra
2324:Ahura Mazda
2068: [
2056: [
2044: [
1984:Three Seals
1881:Persecution
1856:Amr ibn Adi
1841:Bögü Qaghan
1617:Xuastvanift
1573:Shabuhragan
1494:Zarathustra
1464:Manichaeism
1308:Manichaeism
1075:Lin Wushu.
1061:Tang Huiyao
1037:Fózǔ tǒngjì
847:Cai Yijia.
617:Xianshenlou
530:Wu Zetian's
510:Manichaeism
483:Manichaeism
379:Han Chinese
360:Ahura Mazda
236:during the
209:Manichaeism
152:Manichaeism
91:during the
67:during the
2771:Categories
2677:in Armenia
2569:Hamistagan
2425:Ashem Vohu
2339:Vohu Manah
2230:In fiction
2082:Visual art
2015:Repentance
2010:Evangelism
1989:Pañcavidyā
1932:Miqlāsiyya
1866:Lü Shinang
1819:Hegemonius
1814:Aphthonius
1585:literature
1551:Pragmateia
1243:Falun Gong
1221:Protestant
1097:2018-12-29
986:2018-12-22
955:2018-12-22
923:2018-12-22
863:2018-12-22
833:2018-12-23
803:2018-12-22
774:2018-12-22
744:2018-12-22
734:China News
700:References
571:Supplement
377:, not the
158:Background
132:Tang China
2665:Adherents
2646:Festivals
2626:Mazdakism
2621:Zurvanism
2534:Bundahišn
2349:Faravahar
2237:Ming Cult
2029:Buildings
2005:Eucharist
1963:Presbyter
1954:Patriarch
1779:Mar Sisin
1652:Irk Bitig
1612:Kephalaia
1523:Scripture
1489:Sakyamuni
1480:(Founder)
1364:Northeast
1354:Hong Kong
1347:By region
1288:Dongbaism
1273:Benzhuism
945:pentoy.hk
692:0021-0862
595:Guangzhou
589:'s uncle
375:Hu people
244:, led an
215:míng-jiào
196:jǐng-jiào
187:Christian
173:xiān-jiào
2757:Category
2687:in India
2651:Marriage
2641:Calendar
2564:Xrafstar
2488:Visperad
2483:Vendidad
1950:Archegos
1917:Denawars
1876:Lin Deng
1789:Mar Adda
1784:Mar Zaku
1774:Mar Ammo
1769:Apostles
1751:Asrestar
1691:Theology
1637:Xiabuzan
1499:Narayana
1471:Prophets
1293:Hinduism
1231:Orthodox
1194:Buddhism
1058:(961).
1021:Tongdian
949:Archived
917:Archived
857:Archived
827:Archived
797:Archived
768:Archived
738:Archived
605:See also
587:Muhammad
499:Gaochang
476:Jingjing
468:Jingjiao
463:Jingjiao
392:Dunhuang
342:and the
328:Dunhuang
326:", from
301:Overview
258:Chang'an
2709:in Iraq
2704:in Iran
2595:Kashmar
2529:Dēnkard
2508:Ab-Zohr
2384:Yazatas
2354:Avestan
2020:Fasting
1998:Rituals
1969:Hearers
1957:Apostle
1809:Agapius
1804:Faustus
1761:History
1383:Related
1333:Sikhism
1298:Judaism
1278:Bimoism
1056:Wang Pu
823:cssn.cn
565:Arzhang
514:Gnostic
383:Sogdian
371:temples
121:transl.
107:Chinese
2697:Parsis
2656:Burial
2616:Parsis
2583:Cities
2574:Duzakh
2493:Yashts
2420:Gathas
2415:Avesta
2394:Daevas
2389:Ahuras
2036:Cao'an
1960:Bishop
1922:Astati
1896:Qianku
1824:Marcus
1745:Archon
1729:Gnosis
1189:Taoism
1016:Du You
887:
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526:heresy
472:Alopen
358:, was
150:, and
146:, the
109::
2728:Lists
2692:Irani
2590:Balkh
2478:Yasna
2269:Notes
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1966:Elect
1905:Sects
1484:Jesus
1374:Tibet
1359:Macau
1238:Islam
1091:(PDF)
1080:(PDF)
583:Islam
512:is a
111:唐代三夷教
26:唐代三夷教
2600:Yazd
2334:Asha
1799:Mihr
1504:Seth
1478:Mani
1041:佛祖同纪
885:ISBN
688:ISSN
522:Mani
336:Iran
262:polo
185:The
101:The
1283:Bon
541:of
387:Sui
277:of
250:era
2773::
2070:zh
2058:zh
2046:zh
1557:,
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221:明教
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