396:
first reprint, with lower prices for later reprints. These were typically three shillings and sixpence for the second reprint, and two shillings for a "yellowback" for railway bookstalls. Publishers like
Bentley offered cheap, one-volume reprint editions of many works, with prices falling from six shillings to five shillings in 1847, and to three shillings and sixpence or two shillings and sixpence in 1849, with a one shilling "Railway Library" in 1852. The delay before reprint editions were released meant that those who wished to access the latest books had no choice but to borrow three-volume editions from a subscription library. The delay also enabled the circulating libraries to sell the second-books they withdrew from circulation before a cheap edition was available. Publishers sometimes waited to see how well the withdrawn books sold before deciding the size of the reprint edition, or even whether to reprint at all.
302:
88:
338:, took advantage of his popularity to increase the price of a single volume to ten shillings and sixpence (half a guinea), or a guinea and a half (31 shillings and sixpence) for all three volumes. This price was equivalent to half the weekly income of a modest, middle-class household. This cost was enough to deter even comparatively well-off members of the public from buying them. Instead, they were borrowed from commercial circulating libraries, the most well known being owned by
327:. A novel divided into three parts could create a demand (Part I whetting an appetite for Parts II and III). The income from Part I could also be used to pay for the printing costs of the later parts. Furthermore, a commercial librarian had three volumes earning their keep, rather than one. The particular style of mid-Victorian fiction, of a complicated plot reaching resolution by distribution of marriage partners and property in the final pages, was well adapted to the form.
127:, priced at one-and-a-half guineas (£1 11s. 6d.) or ten shillings and sixpence (half a guinea) a volume. The price and format remained unaltered for nearly 70 years, until 1894. The price for a three-volume novel put them outside the purchase power of all but the richest households. This price should be compared with the typical six shilling price for a one volume novel, which was also the price for the three-volume novels when they were reprinted as single volume editions.
769:
text across all three volumes (excluding title pages etc). The 1906 edition printed the same preface in two pages and the text in 378 pages, and had additionally, an editor's introduction of three pages, 60 pages of Scott's 1829 introduction with appendices, three pages of a postscript to the appendices to the introduction, a one page note on Fairy
Superstition (in smaller type than the rest of the text), and a four pages glossary of the terms used.
38:
342:. Mudie was able to buy novels for stock for less than half the retail price – five shillings per volume. He charged his subscribers one guinea (21 shillings) a year for the right to borrow one volume at a time, or two guineas a year (£2 2s.) to borrow four volumes at a time. A subscriber who wanted to be sure of reading the whole book without waiting for another subscriber to return the next volume had to take out the higher subscription.
554:(1894) ("No. My idea was too sad—too painful, all the publishers said. It wouldn't have pleased the British public. But I have been given a commission to do a three-volume novel on the old lines—a ball in the first volume; a picnic and a parting in the second; and an elopement, which must, of course, be prevented at the last moment by the opportune death (in a hospital) of the wife, or the husband—I forget which it is to be—in the last.").
2557:
2567:
2547:
621:
943:
copies printed in 1898 and again in 1907. Between all editions, only 2,850 copies were printed by Chatto and Windus, and there was no colonial edition. Even though the book was well received by the critics, it was the least successful of Chatto and Windus's Henty books, possibly due to the decision to publish it in three volumes initially.
354:
The normal three-volume novel was around 900 pages in total at 150–200,000 words; the average length was 168,000 words in 45 chapters. It was common for novelists to have contracts specifying a set number of pages to be filled. If they ran under, they could be made to produce extra, or break the text
871:
The circulating libraries usually made such a delay, typically twelve months, a condition for purchasing the three-volume edition, as did Mudie's 1894 circular. This delay was not only to preserve the early access to new volumes that circulating libraries offered, but also to give them a market for
395:
were first published in serial form in weekly and monthly magazines that began to become popular in the middle of the 19th century. Publishers usually offered a single-volume reprint of the three-volume library edition twelve months after the original, usually for the price of six shillings for the
768:
edition it should be borne in mind that the 1818 edition was in duodecimo format rather than the 1906 edition's octavo format. However, most of the three-volume novels of the eighteen century were in slightly larger octavo format. The 1818 edition had four pages of a preface and 947 pages of main
134:
stopped purchasing them at the previous price. Mudie's and Smith's issued circulars in 1894 announcing that in future they would only pay four shillings per volume for novels issued in sets, less the customary discounts, with the usual trade practice of supplying thirteen volumes for the price of
942:
at fifteen shillings for the set of three volumes. Only 350 copies were printed of the three-volume edition. Chatto and Windus ordered 1,500 copies of a single volume edition from their printers in July 1897, and this edition sold for three shillings and sixpence. The publishers had another 500
608:(1895), Act II ("I believe that Memory is responsible for nearly all the three-volume novels that Mudie sends us." "Do not speak slightingly of the three-volume novel, Cecily.") and Act III ("It contained the manuscript of a three-volume novel of more than usually revolting sentimentality.").
350:
before the book was even published. It was unusual for a three-volume novel to sell more than 1,000 copies. The system encouraged publishers and authors to produce as many novels as possible, due to the almost-guaranteed, but limited, profits that would be made on each.
345:
Their high price meant both publisher and author could make a profit on the comparatively limited sales of such expensive books – three-volume novels were typically printed in editions of under 1,000 copies, which were often pre-sold to
744:
Griest notes that while
Shaylor does not name his sources, he, as the director of a publisher, was in a good position to know and record how many such volumes were published, and no one disputed his summary when it was originally
778:
This did not apply to the majority of the
Victorian three-volume novels which were typically issued with all three volumes at one time, but earlier fiction was sometimes issued one volume at a time, as were Victorian non-fiction
2468:
122:
quickly adopted the format. The number of three-volume novels he issued annually rose from six in 1825 to 30 in 1828 and 39 in 1829. Under
Colburn's influence, the published novels adopted a standard format of three volumes in
734:
The previous price for libraries was notionally five shillings and actually 4s. 7¼d. per volume once the traditional trade discount of 13 volume for the price of 12 is allowed for. They now proposed to pay only 3s. 8¼d. per
545:(1813), chapter 11 ("Darcy took up a book; Miss Bingley did the same;...At length, quite exhausted by the attempt to be amused with her own book, which she had only chosen because it was the second volume of his,")
431:(Sampson Low, London) was published in 1882 in three volumes, E. V. Lucas commented in his introduction to the 1904 Duckworth edition that doing so had kept the book out of the hands of its true readers, boys.
754:
in 1894, the main circulating libraries announced that they would only pay four shillings per volume for novels issued in sets, less the customary discounts, instead of five shillings as they had previously
724:
This was the book-store price. The circulating libraries, who purchased the majority of the editions, paid only fifteen shillings for a three-volume set, and paid for only twelve of every thirteen volumes
955:
noted that publisher's agreements with authors sometimes gave a fixed sum, typically three pence per copy, for colonial editions, which were often no different from single volume editions for the
English
323:
of novels. In a time when books were relatively expensive to print and bind, publishing longer works of fiction had a particular relationship to a reading public who borrowed books from commercial
1669:
G.A. Henty, 1832-1902 : a bibliographical study of his
British editions, with short accounts of his publishers, illustrators and designers, and notes on production methods used for his books
1571:
The cost of production : being specimens of the pages and type in more common use, with estimates of the cost of composition, printing, paper, binding, etc., for the production of a book
105:
in the early 19th century. Constable was one of the most significant publishers of the 1820s and made a success of publishing expensive, three-volume editions of the works of
695:
423:(Chatto and Windus, London, 1897) were published as three-volume sets. The convention that only adult fiction was published in three-volume format was so strong that when
797:
Eighteen of the twenty-eight (64%) three-volume novels in 1830 sold for this price, rising to fifty-one of the fifty-eight (88%) three-volume novels published in 1840.{r
917:
were issued together in a four volume edition in 1818. it was 1833 before they were again published in
England, when they were published in single volume format by
788:
Until the 1830s, novels were typically issued with temporary binds in grey cardboard, ready for the purchaser to bind them in the style of their own library.
563:(1875), Chapter LXXXIX ("The length of her novel had been her first question. It must be in three volumes, and each volume must have three hundred pages.").
449:
Though the era of the three-volume novel effectively ended in 1894, works were still on occasion printed in more than one volume in the 20th-century. Two of
118:
This continued until
Constable's company collapsed in 1826 with large debts, bankrupting both him and Scott. As Constable's company collapsed, the publisher
938:
is illustrative of how things had changed. The book first appeared as a serial in newspapers in 1896. It was issued on 12 January 1897 in three volumes by
301:
441:. These were popular with young, working-class men, and often had sensationalist stories featuring criminals, detectives, pirates or the supernatural.
671:, which carried guns on three decks. Applied to three-volume novels, it may refer to the number of volumes and also be a reference to the book's size.
375:– the novel was sold in around 20 monthly parts, costing one shilling each. This was a form used for the first publications of many of the works of
1465:
Eliot, Simon (2007). "21: From Few and
Expensive to Many and Cheap: The British Book Market 1800-1890". In Eliot, Simon; Rose, Jonathan (eds.).
1939:
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1283:
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1514:
1308:
985:
764:
In comparing the first page of Chapter 1 of the first volume of the 3rd edition of 1818 and the same page of the 1906 single-volume
87:
680:
While the three-volume format was the norm for the nineteenth century, the previous century had seen issues in more volumes, with
2329:
305:
The first page of chapter one from the 3rd (three-volume) edition of 1818 compared with the same page of the single-volume 1906
1995:
1925:
604:
530:. However, many translations of the novel, such as into English, combine the three volumes of these novels into a single book.
582:; and the heroine of the three-volume novel always dines there when she goes out on the spree with somebody else's husband.").
2436:
1894:
31:
2601:
599:(1890), ("Anybody can write a three-volume novel, it merely requires a complete ignorance of both life and literature").
934:
was one of the last three-volume novels ever published, as only four were published in 1897. The publishing history of
2339:
918:
550:
881:
This delay could be considerable. While Jane Austen's novels were published in multi-volume format in 1811 to 1818,
371:
Outside of the subscription library system's three-volume novels, the public could access literature in the form of
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2157:
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was issued in three volumes in 1813, with a second edition in the same year, and a two-volume edition in 1817..
2324:
1104:
Mays, Kelly J. (2002). "Chapter 1: The Publishing World". In Brantlinger, Patrick; Thesing, William B. (eds.).
330:
In the early nineteenth century the cost of a three-volume novel was five or six shillings per volume. By 1821
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1771:
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2209:
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883:
471:
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Colonial editions, intended for sale outside the UK, were normally published as single volume editions.
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306:
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2226:
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634:
595:
493:
was published in three volumes from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955. The three volumes were entitled
347:
339:
2067:
1988:
889:
806:
568:
559:
541:
464:
331:
324:
319:
The format of the three-volume novel does not correspond closely to what would now be considered a
102:
2566:
1738:
The Standard Special Column for New Books, Recent Editions, &c.: Chatto and Windus's New Books
407:'s juvenile fiction was issued from the start in single volume editions, his adult novels such as
2532:
2441:
1920:
913:
833:
574:
110:
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2045:
1935:
1869:
1797:
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1510:
1478:
1304:
1279:
1244:
1159:
1113:
1036:
981:
939:
450:
428:
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384:
37:
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1820:
1764:
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1526:
1503:
1470:
1446:
1423:
1409:
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1376:
1357:
1343:
1324:
1276:
The Oxford History of the Novel in English: Volume 3: The Nineteenth-Century Novel 1820-1880
1260:
1179:
1156:
The Oxford History of the Novel in English: Volume 3: The Nineteenth-Century Novel 1820-1880
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during the nineteenth century. It was a significant stage in the development of the modern
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711:
691:
515:
376:
356:
310:
43:
1501:
Eliot, Simon (2001). "2: The Business of Victorian Publishing". In David, Deirdre (ed.).
1303:. Contributions in Women's Studies. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 151.
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586:
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up into more chapters — each new chapter heading would fill a page. In 1880, the author
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48:
1806:
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The smaller size of duodecimo had been common earlier, and this was the size used for
589:
2585:
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119:
1432:
115:, published in 1821, at what became the standard price for the next seventy years.
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106:
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1667:
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The cheapest works of popular fiction were sometimes referred to pejoratively as
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2194:
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2131:
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2018:
1801:
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originally intended the work to be the first of a two-work set, the other to be
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131:
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in 1821. This became the standard price for a three-volume novel until 1894.
372:
1395:
1362:
1329:
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130:
Three-volume novels quickly disappeared after 1894, when both Mudie's and
101:
Three-volume novels began to be produced by the Edinburgh-based publisher
2473:
2385:
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2276:
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1955:
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twelve. This killed the production of the three-volume library editions.
41:
The title page of the first volume of the three-volume, first edition of
846:
However, this was not true for popular novelists. The first printing of
2271:
2261:
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2040:
1574:. : Printed for the Incorporated Society of Authors. p. 17.
1017:"Mudie's Select Library and the Three-Decker Novel – A Mutual Failure?"
858:
827:
480:
476:
320:
72:
1301:
Victorian London's Middle-Class Housewife: What She Did All Day (#179)
1069:
The fascination of books, with other papers on books & bookselling
2483:
489:, but this idea was dismissed by his publisher. For economic reasons
124:
403:
was normally published in single volumes; for example, while all of
1401:. Vol. 3 (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Co
1368:. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Co
1335:. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Co
2505:
2488:
2403:
2398:
2199:
363:. However, he offered her £1,200 if she could add a third volume.
300:
86:
76:
36:
2500:
2004:
526:
97:, mocking the clichéd language attributed to three-volume novels
1977:
1808:
Bevis., The Story of a Boy, with an introduction by E. V. Lucas
1706:"The Queen's Cup, a Story of Love and Adventure by G. A. Henty"
809:
started this increase by charging seven shillings a volume for
887:
was issued in three-volume format in 1811, and again in 1813.
359:
was offered £750 by her publisher for her two-volume novel
1547:"Mudie's Select Library and the Form of Victorian Fiction"
1973:
1568:
Incorporated Society of Authors (Great Britain) (1891).
1438:(Everyman Library ed.). London: J. M. Dent & Co
991:
Mudie's Select Library and the Form of Victorian Fiction
899:
was issued in three volumes in 1814, and again in 1816.
1609:
862:, both in three-volume format, sold 10,000 copies each.
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
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1589:
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in 1820, and finally, ten shillings and sixpence for
79:
as a form of popular literature in Western culture.
2419:
2353:
2292:
2140:
2011:
1239:
Mudie's circulating library and the Victorian novel
1142:
1835:
1805:
1666:
1615:
1502:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1431:
1394:
1361:
1328:
1236:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1066:
518:has written several books in this format, such as
667:was also used for the largest and most-expensive
1660:
1073:. Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent and Co., Ltd
463:(1940) were published in two-volume editions by
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
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1505:The Cambridge companion to the Victorian novel
1226:
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1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
27:Form of publishing a novel/series in 3 volumes
1989:
1496:
1494:
8:
1842:. London: George Allen and Unwin. p. 85
1895:"The Lord of the Rings: The Tale of a Text"
1868:. Harmondsworth: Penguin University Books.
1996:
1982:
1974:
1775:(Saturday 02 October 1897): 30. 1897-10-02
825:in 1818, ten shillings for each volume of
137:
1509:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1274:John Kucich; Jenny Bourne Taylor (2012).
1243:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1154:John Kucich; Jenny Bourne Taylor (2012).
585:Kipling, "The Three-Decker" (1894), Text
109:; the first was Scott's historical novel
419:(Chatto and Windus, London, 1895), and
1888:
1886:
1713:(Wednesday 08 July 1896): 1. 1896-07-08
1190:(Friday 23 January 1818): 1. 1818-01-23
1007:
656:
475:is a three-volume novel, rather than a
1467:A Companion to the History of the Book
819:in 1814, eight shillings a volume for
578:duke always has his "little place" at
1897:. The Tolkien Society. Archived from
905:was issued in three volumes in 1816,
7:
1956:"The Life and Works for JRR Tolkien"
1866:Fiction for the Working Man, 1830-50
367:Other forms of Victorian publication
700:(1759-1767) issued in nine volumes.
1673:. Brookfield, Vt.: Scholar Press.
1108:A Companion to the Victorian Novel
970:A New Introduction to Bibliography
690:(1749) issued in six volumes, and
91:An 1885 cartoon from the magazine
25:
1812:. London: Duckworth. pp. xiv
387:. Many novels by authors such as
2565:
2556:
2555:
2545:
1469:. London: Blackwell Publishing.
1112:. London: Blackwell Publishing.
619:
2546:
1926:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
1766:"Chatto and Windus's New Books"
605:The Importance of Being Earnest
1928:: Revised and Expanded Edition
1299:Draznin, Yaffa Claire (2001).
930:This meant that this novel by
1:
1235:Griest, Guinevere L. (1970).
872:disposing of their old stock.
2469:Conservation and restoration
1618:Bvibliography of Jane Austen
139:Three-volume novels by year
1181:"Advertisement for Rob Roy"
551:The Story of a Modern Woman
2618:
1838:The Truth about Publishing
572:(1889), Chapter XII ("The
521:The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle
496:The Fellowship of the Ring
29:
2541:
1784:British Newspaper Archive
1751:British Newspaper Archive
1722:British Newspaper Archive
1622:. New York: Burt Franklin
1614:Keynes, Geoffrey (1968).
1278:. OUP Oxford. p. 6.
1199:British Newspaper Archive
1158:. OUP Oxford. p. 4.
1033:10.17879/satura-2019-3065
425:Bevis, the Story of a Boy
67:) was a standard form of
1065:Shaylor, Joseph (1912).
534:References in literature
30:Not to be confused with
2127:Collection (publishing)
2051:Illuminated manuscripts
1834:Unwin, Stanley (1946).
1772:Illustrated London News
1665:Newbolt, Peter (1996).
1545:Landow, George (2001).
1015:Kroesing, Nina (2019).
669:type of sailing warship
1958:. BBC. 7 February 2002
508:The Return of the King
348:subscription libraries
316:
98:
52:
2496:Intellectual property
2122:Volume (bibliography)
1864:James, Louis (1974).
1802:Lucas, Edward Verrall
1711:West Cumberland Times
1475:10.1002/9780470690949
884:Sense and Sensibility
491:The Lord of the Rings
472:The Lord of the Rings
325:circulating libraries
304:
90:
40:
993:, George P. Landow.
635:Victorian literature
596:The Critic as Artist
465:Simon & Schuster
340:Charles Edward Mudie
2602:Three-volume novels
1921:Carpenter, Humphrey
1901:on 18 February 2009
890:Pride and Prejudice
807:Archibald Constable
569:Three Men in a Boat
560:The Way We Live Now
542:Pride and Prejudice
332:Archibald Constable
140:
103:Archibald Constable
2533:World Book Capital
1798:Jefferies, Richard
766:Everyman's Library
514:Japanese novelist
317:
307:Everyman's Library
138:
99:
57:three-volume novel
53:
2579:
2578:
2411:Coffee table book
2242:Bookworm (insect)
1941:978-0-35-865298-4
1484:978-1-4051-2765-3
1285:978-0-19-956061-5
1250:978-0-253-15480-4
1187:The Star (London)
1165:978-0-19-956061-5
1119:978-0-631-22064-0
995:The Victorian Web
940:Chatto and Windus
451:John Cowper Powys
429:Richard Jefferies
417:Rujub the Juggler
415:, London, 1894),
413:Chatto and Windus
385:William Thackeray
294:
293:
16:(Redirected from
2609:
2569:
2559:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2479:History of books
1998:
1991:
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1911:
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1854:
1851:Internet Archive
1849:– via The
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1821:Internet Archive
1819:– via The
1818:
1817:
1811:
1794:
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1720:– via The
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1695:
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1691:Internet Archive
1689:– via The
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1662:
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1631:Internet Archive
1629:– via The
1628:
1627:
1621:
1611:
1584:
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1559:
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1556:
1554:
1542:
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1527:Internet Archive
1525:– via The
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1508:
1498:
1489:
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1451:
1450:
1447:Internet Archive
1445:– via The
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1413:
1410:Internet Archive
1408:– via The
1407:
1406:
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1377:Internet Archive
1375:– via The
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1367:
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1347:
1344:Internet Archive
1342:– via The
1341:
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1334:
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627:Novels portal
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65:triple decker
62:
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46:
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39:
33:
19:
18:Three volumes
2520:
2516:Preservation
2432:Book burning
2427:Banned books
2180:Bibliophilia
2165:Bibliography
2095:advance copy
2078:instant book
2046:Illustration
2029:dust jackets
1960:. Retrieved
1950:
1930:. New York:
1924:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1899:the original
1865:
1859:
1844:. Retrieved
1837:
1829:
1814:. Retrieved
1807:
1792:
1777:. Retrieved
1770:
1759:
1744:. Retrieved
1737:
1730:
1715:. Retrieved
1710:
1699:
1684:. Retrieved
1668:
1624:. Retrieved
1617:
1570:
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1520:. Retrieved
1504:
1466:
1440:. Retrieved
1433:
1428:Rhys, Ernest
1418:
1403:. Retrieved
1396:
1385:
1370:. Retrieved
1363:
1352:
1337:. Retrieved
1330:
1319:
1300:
1294:
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1269:
1254:. Retrieved
1238:
1192:. Retrieved
1185:
1174:
1155:
1149:
1138:
1123:. Retrieved
1107:
1075:. Retrieved
1068:
1024:
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948:
935:
926:
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906:
902:Emma (novel)
900:
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715:for example.
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665:three-decker
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445:20th-century
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393:George Eliot
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147:No of Novels
129:
117:
111:
107:Walter Scott
100:
93:
71:for British
64:
61:three-decker
60:
56:
54:
42:
32:Volume Three
2592:Novel forms
2449:Book curses
2325:Netherlands
2195:Bookselling
2170:Bibliomania
2153:Bestsellers
2141:Consumption
2132:Book series
2117:Typesetting
1742:. p. 6
459:(1929) and
456:Wolf Solent
453:'s novels,
405:G. A. Henty
309:Edition of
297:Description
132:W. H. Smith
59:(sometimes
2586:Categories
2394:audiobooks
2293:By country
2246:Furniture
2237:Digitizing
2232:Collecting
2222:Censorship
2205:book towns
2090:Publishing
2073:incunabula
2012:Production
1962:4 December
1905:5 February
1846:2020-08-18
1816:2020-12-10
1779:2020-12-11
1746:2020-12-11
1717:2020-12-11
1686:2020-08-04
1626:2020-12-15
1553:August 11,
1522:2020-08-16
1442:2020-12-15
1405:2020-12-15
1372:2020-12-15
1339:2020-12-15
1256:2020-12-09
1194:2020-12-11
1125:2020-12-09
1077:2020-12-09
1002:References
914:Persuasion
834:Kenilworth
745:published.
640:Word count
580:Maidenhead
557:Trollope,
399:Victorian
112:Kenilworth
69:publishing
2464:Book tour
2437:incidents
2369:miniature
2364:fictional
2250:bookcases
2190:Bookmarks
2105:paperback
2100:hardcover
1580:971575827
1041:2701-0201
1027:: 32–39.
725:supplied.
687:Tom Jones
663:The term
373:partworks
2561:Category
2474:Dog ears
2390:Formats
2386:Grimoire
2379:textbook
2330:Pakistan
2277:literacy
2255:bookends
2174:tsundoku
2058:Printing
1934:. #126.
1804:(1904).
1426:(1906).
1393:(1818).
1360:(1818).
1327:(1818).
980:, 1979.
853:Waverley
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613:See also
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2551:Outline
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2360:Genres
2310:Germany
2284:Reviews
2272:Reading
2262:Library
2210:history
2068:history
2063:edition
2041:Editing
2019:Binding
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2489:codex
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2354:Other
2335:Spain
2320:Japan
2315:Italy
2227:Clubs
2005:Books
932:Henty
811:Scott
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651:Notes
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94:Punch
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