Atlantic bluefin tuna - Knowledge (XXG)

889:(ICCAT) — the regulators of Atlantic bluefin fishing—recommended a global quota of 15,000 tonnes to maintain current stocks or 10,000 tonnes to allow the fisheries recovery. ICCAT then chose a quota of 36,000 tonnes, but surveys indicated that up to 60,000 tonnes were actually being taken (a third of the total remaining stocks) and the limit was reduced to 22,500 tonnes. Their scientists now say that 7,500 tonnes are the sustainable limit. In November 2009, ICCAT set the 2010 quota at 13,500 tonnes and said that if stocks were not rebuilt by 2022, it would consider closing some areas. 821:

offshore. According to OECD statistics, 35 thousand tons have been produced in 2018 with Japan accounting for about 50% of it, followed by Australia, Mexico, Spain and Turkey with smaller amounts. Large proportions of juvenile and young Mediterranean fish are taken to be grown on tuna farms. Because the tuna are taken from the wild to the pens before they are old enough to reproduce, ranching is one of the most serious threats to the species. The bluefin's slow growth and late sexual maturity compound its problems. The Atlantic population has declined by nearly 90% since the 1970s.

501: 758: 469:). The southern bluefin tuna was traditionally considered the closest relatives of the two northern species, but a recent study has suggested that the morphological similarities are the result of convergent evolution, and many are adaptations for cold water habitats. For many years, the Pacific and Atlantic bluefin tuna species were considered to be the same, or subspecies, and referred to as the "northern bluefin tuna". This name occasionally gives rise to some confusion, as the 987: 684: 86: 872:. The spill occurred at a peak time for the fertilization of eggs and the development of larval bluefin tuna. Resulting short and long-term impacts on populations of Atlantic bluefin tuna and other pelagic species are difficult to determine, in part due to limitations in monitoring ability. Nonetheless, a number of lethal and sublethal impacts have been documented, including pericardial edema, defective cardiac function and cardiac abnormalities. 772: 3927: 61: 3920: 731:(75 °F) and 29 °C (85 °F), while bluefin in the Mediterranean spawn between June and August, when water is between 18 °C (65 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). In the Gulf of Mexico bluefin appear to correct for higher surface temperatures by diving, going deeper than 500 metres (1,600 ft) when entering the Gulf and staying deeper than 200 metres (660 ft) to spawn. 42: 506: 505: 502: 507: 922:

and allow for continued stock growth. For the western stock, the TAC of 2,000 mt annually for 2015 and 2016 will provide for continued growth in spawning stock biomass and allow the strong 2003 year-class to continue to enhance the productivity of the stock. The TAC for the eastern Atlantic/Mediterranean stock was set at 16,142 t for 2015; 19,296 t for 2016; and 23,155 t for 2017.

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were returning to Japan empty. A Japanese entrepreneur realized he could buy New England and Canadian bluefins cheaply, and started filling Japan-bound holds with tuna. Exposure to beef and other fatty meats during the U.S. occupation following World War Two had prepared the Japanese palate for bluefin's fatty belly (

903:(NOAA) decided not to list the Atlantic bluefin tuna as an endangered species. NOAA officials said that the more stringent international fishing rules created in November 2010 would be enough for the Atlantic bluefin tuna to recover. NOAA agreed to reconsider the species' endangered status in 2013. It was made a 917:

In November 2012, 48 countries meeting in Morocco for the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas voted to keep strict fishing limits, saying the species' population is still fragile. The quota will rise only slightly, from 12,900 metric tons a year to 13,500. The decision was

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The latest stock assessment for Atlantic bluefin tuna reflected an improvement in the status for both western and eastern Atlantic/Mediterranean stocks. The Commission adopted new management measures that are within the range of scientific advice, are consistent with the respective rebuilding plans,

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catching fish for the canned tuna market in United States coastal waters removed huge numbers of juvenile and young Western Atlantic bluefins, taking out several entire-year classes. Mediterranean fisheries have historically been poorly regulated and catches under-reported, with French, Spanish, and

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According to Longo, "by the turn of the first millennium CE, a sophisticated bluefin tuna trap fishery emerged. ... This trap fishery, called tonnara in Italian, madrague in French, almadraba in Spanish, and armação in Portuguese, forms an elaborate maze of nets that capture and corral bluefin tuna

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of 128.5 eggs per gram of body weight, or up to 40 million eggs at a time. Eggs hatch into larvae two days after fertilization and become cannibalistic quarter-inch long fish by the end of a week. About 40% of larvae survive their first week, and about 0.1% the first year. Surviving bluefin tend to

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in the 1990s, along with the increasingly widespread practice of tuna farming in the Mediterranean and other areas, such as southern Australia (for southern bluefin tuna), depressed prices. One result is that fishermen must now catch up to twice as many fish to maintain their revenues. The Atlantic

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The western and eastern populations have been thought to mature at different ages. Bluefins born in the east are thought to reach maturity a year or two earlier than those spawned in the west. It has also been suggested that these apparent differences may reflect not-well-understood complexities of

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and the U. S. National Marine Fisheries Service have accepted that this species can weigh up to 910 kg (2,010 lb), though further details are lacking. Atlantic bluefin tuna reach maturity relatively quickly. In a survey that included specimens up to 2.55 m (8.4 ft) in length and

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for giant bluefin tuna was burgeoning off Nova Scotia, New England, and Long Island. North Americans, too, had little appetite for bluefins, usually discarding them after taking a picture. Bluefin sportfishing's rise, however, coincided with Japan's export boom. In the 1960s and '70s, cargo planes

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Atlantic bluefin tuna were traditionally known to spawn in two widely separated areas. Pop-up satellite tracking results generally confirm the belief held by many scientists and fishermen that although bluefin that were spawned in each area may forage widely across the Atlantic, the vast majority

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Originally, fish with red flesh were looked down on in Japan as a low-class food, and white fish were much preferred. ... Fish with red flesh tended to spoil quickly and develop a noticeable stench, so in the days before refrigeration, the Japanese aristocracy despised them, and this attitude was

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Atlantic bluefin tuna is one of the most highly prized fish used in Japanese raw fish dishes. About 80% of the caught Atlantic and Pacific bluefin tunas are consumed in Japan. Bluefin tuna sashimi is a particular delicacy in Japan. For example, an Atlantic bluefin caught off eastern United States

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captured young fish and raised them in pens. In captivity, they grow to reach hundreds of kilos, eventually fetching premium prices in Japan. Ranching enables ranchers to exploit the unpredictable supply of wild-caught fish. Ranches across the Mediterranean and off South Australia grow bluefins

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of bluefin tuna internationally. However, a UN proposal to protect the species from international trade was voted down (68 against, 20 for, 30 abstaining). Since then, enforcement of regional fishing quotas has led to some increases in population. As of 4 September 2021 the Atlantic

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Italian fishermen competing with North African nations for a diminishing population. The fish's migratory habits complicate the task of regulating the fishery, because they spend time in the national waters of multiple countries, as well as the open ocean outside of any national jurisdiction.

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The bluefin possesses enormous muscular strength, which it channels through a pair of tendons to its lunate-shaped caudal fin for propulsion. In contrast to many other fish, the body stays rigid while the tail flicks back and forth, increasing stroke efficiency. It also has a very efficient

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After World War II, Japanese fishermen needed more tuna to eat and to export for European and U.S. canning industries. They expanded their fishing range and perfected industrial long-line fishing, a practice that employs thousands of baited hooks on miles-long lines. In the 1970s, Japanese

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A number of behavioral differences have been observed between the eastern and western populations, some of which may reflect environmental conditions. For example, bluefin in the Gulf of Mexico spawn between mid-April and mid-June, when the surface water temperature is between 24 °C

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However, since bluefins require so much food per unit of weight gained - up to 10 times that of salmon - if bluefins were to be farmed at the same scale as 21st-century salmon farming, many of their prey species might become depleted if farmed bluefin were fed the same diet as their wild

784:. Though they were banned on the high seas by the early 1990s, in the 1970s, hundreds of miles of them were often deployed in a single night. At-sea freezing technology then allowed them to bring frozen sushi-ready tuna from the farthest oceans to market after as long as a year. 867:

released an estimated 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico during the spawning season of the Atlantic bluefin tuna. The oil is estimated to have affected roughly 3.1 million square miles, including more than 5 percent of the tuna habitat in the

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circulatory system. It possesses one of the highest blood-hemoglobin concentrations among fish, which allows it to efficiently deliver oxygen to its tissues; this is combined with an exceptionally thin blood-water barrier to ensure rapid oxygen uptake.

484:, was widely adopted in California in the early 1900s, and has since become accepted for all tunas, including the bluefin, throughout the English-speaking world. In some languages, the red color of the bluefin's meat is included in its name, as in 503: 2799: 695:, congregating together in large groups to spawn. Over several days, a female releases large numbers of eggs into the water where they are fertilized externally by male sperm. Female bluefins have been estimated to produce a 535:

Fully mature adult specimens average 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft) long and weigh around 225–250 kg (496–551 lb). The largest recorded specimen taken under International Game Fish Association rules was caught off

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In 2020, the UK government recognised the increasing incidence of bluefin tuna in UK waters in recent years and is funding ongoing research to understand the ecology of the species and devise an approach to its management.

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during their spawning season. Active for more than a thousand years, the traditional/artisanal bluefin tuna trap fishery has experienced a collapse in the Mediterranean and has struggled where it is still practiced."

660:. At that life stage, their numbers are reduced dramatically. Those that survive face a steady increase in the size of their predators. Adult Atlantic Bluefin are not eaten by anything other than the very largest 966:

for offering bluefin tuna on their menu, arguing that drawing from such a threatened fishery constituted an unjustifiable risk to bluefins, and to the future of culinary traditions that depend on the species.

949:'s regime at the time. The fishermen retaliated against Sea Shepherd's intervention by throwing various, small metal pieces at the crew. Nobody was injured due to the other side's actions during the conflict. 910:, one of those species about which the U.S. government has some concerns regarding status and threats, but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the U.S. 531:

have a unique characteristic in that they are covered with blood vessels (striated). In other tunas with short pectoral fins, such vessels are either not present or present in small numbers along the edges.

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Hazen, Elliott L.; Carlisle, Aaron B.; Wilson, Steven G.; Ganong, James E.; Castleton, Michael R.; Schallert, Robert J.; Stokesbury, Michael J. W.; Bograd, Steven J.; Block, Barbara A. (22 September 2016).

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Richardson, David E.; Marancik, Katrin E.; Guyon, Jeffrey R.; Lutcavage, Molly E.; Galuardi, Benjamin; Lam, Chi Hin; Walsh, Harvey J.; Wildes, Sharon; Yates, Douglas A.; Hare, Jonathan A. (7 March 2016).

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while spawning. This is particularly so in the Mediterranean, where the groups of spawning bluefins can be spotted from the air by light aircraft and purse seines directed to set around the schools.

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Prior to the 1960s, Atlantic bluefin fisheries were relatively small scale, and populations remained stable. Although some local stocks, such as those in the North Sea, were damaged by unrestricted

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affirmed in October 2009 that Atlantic bluefin tuna stocks had declined dramatically over the last 40 years, by 72% in the Eastern Atlantic, and by 82% in the Western Atlantic. On 16 October 2009,

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that allows the fish to navigate over its multiple thousands-of-miles range. Their color is dark blue above and gray below, with a gold coruscation covering the body and bright yellow

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The Atlantic bluefin tuna has been the foundation of one of the world's most lucrative commercial fisheries. Medium-sized and large individuals are heavily targeted for the

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Cermeño, Pablo; Quílez-Badia, Gemma; Ospina-Alvarez, Andrés; Sainz-Trápaga, Susana; Boustany, Andre M.; Seitz, Andy C.; Tudela, Sergi; Block, Barbara A. (11 February 2015).

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Global appetite for fish is the predominant threat to Atlantic bluefin. Overfishing continues despite repeated warnings of the current precipitous decline. Bluefin

796:). The Atlantic bluefin was the biggest and the favorite. The appreciation rebounded across the Pacific when Americans started to eat raw fish in the late 1970s. 4292: 411: 2513: 4385: 869: 724: 1502:

Fao Species Catalogue. Vol. 2 Scombrids of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos, and Related Species Known to Date

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in Tokyo in 2008. This high price is considerably less than the highest prices paid for Pacific bluefin. Prices were highest in the late 1970s and 1980s.

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Santamaria, N.; Bello, G.; Corriero, A.; Deflorio, M.; Vassallo-Agius, R.; Bök, T. & Metrio, G. De (2009). "Age and growth of Atlantic bluefin tuna,

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Bluefin tuna were often referred to as the common tunny, especially in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. The name "tuna", a derivative of the Spanish

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Block, B. A.; Dewar, H; Blackwell, S. B.; Williams, T. D.; Prince, E. D.; Farwell, C. J.; Boustany, A; Teo, S. L.; Seitz, A; Walli, A; Fudge, D (2001).

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is more highly developed in bluefin tuna than in any other fish. This allows them to seek food in the rich but chilly waters of the North Atlantic.

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Muhling, B.A.; Roffer, M.A.; Lamkin, J.T.; Ingram, G.W.; Upton, M.A.; Gawlikowski, G.; Muller-Karger, F.; Habtes, S.; Richards, W.J. (April 2012).

4405: 4240: 3331: 2837:"Atlantic Bluefin Tuna in the Gulf of Maine, I: Estimation of Seasonal Abundance Accounting for Movement, School and School-Aggregation Behaviour" 1120: 2646: 1970: 1036: 515:

The body of the Atlantic bluefin tuna is rhomboidal in profile and robust. The head is conical and the mouth rather large. The head contains a

2852:"Atlantic bluefin tuna in the Gulf of Maine, II: precision of sampling designs in estimating seasonal abundance accounting for tuna behaviour" 1474: 4331: 2981: 2216: 1863: 1829: 4415: 3408: 892:

On 18 March 2010, the United Nations rejected a U.S.-backed effort to impose a total ban on Atlantic bluefin tuna fishing and trading. The

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247 kg (545 lb) in weight, none was believed to be older than 15 years. However, very large specimens may be up to 50 years old.

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listing and international trade ban. In early 2010, European officials, led by the French ecology minister, increased pressure to ban the

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Murawski, Steven A.; Grosell, Martin; Smith, Cynthia; Sutton, Tracey; Halanych, Kenneth M.; Shaw, Richard F.; Wilson, Charles A. (2021).

2832:". PhD thesis, Resource Management and Environmental Studies/Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 602pp, 896:(CITES) vote was 68 to 20 with 30 European abstentions. The leading opponent, Japan, claimed that ICCAT was the proper regulatory body. 376: 727:. Subsequent research indicates that comparable concentrations of bluefin larvae are found in the Slope Sea and in the Gulf of Mexico. 836:

counterparts. As of 2010, 30 million tons of small forage fish were removed from the oceans yearly, the majority to feed farmed fish.

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Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis

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implants to bring about the first large-scale captive spawning of Atlantic and southern bluefins. The technology involves implanting

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Atlantic bluefin tuna are eaten by a wide variety of predators. When they are newly hatched, they are eaten by other fishes that

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organised by size. Their white skeletal muscle allows for large contractions which aids burst swimming to ensure prey capture.

419: 213: 1888:"Electronic Tagging of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus, L.) Reveals Habitat Use and Behaviors in the Mediterranean Sea" 379:. However, many regional populations are still severely depleted, including western stocks which spawn in the Gulf of Mexico. 4410: 3037: 2866: 2851: 2836: 2825: 1550: 1232: 829: 402:

sought by sports fishermen since the 1930s, particularly in the United States, but also in Canada, Spain, France, and Italy.

85: 4245: 3009: 1112: 297:. The Atlantic bluefin tuna is a close relative of one of the other two bluefin tuna species, the Pacific bluefin tuna. The 4279: 3003: 2269:"Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacted bluefin tuna spawning habitat in Gulf of Mexico, Stanford and NOAA researchers find" 544:, Nova Scotia in 1934, when six men taking turns fought a 164–363 kilograms (361–800 lb) tuna for 62 hours. Both the 2899:

Safina, C. (1993). "Bluefin Tuna in the West Atlantic: Negligent Management, and the Making of an Endangered Species".

477:) can in Australia sometimes be known under the name "northern bluefin tuna". This is also true in New Zealand and Fiji. 3834: 3336: 2814: 2700: 723:

In 2016, researchers suggested that a third spawning area exists in the Slope Sea, an area to the north and west of the

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Bluefins dive to depths of 1,006 m (3,301 ft). The Atlantic bluefin tuna typically hunts small fish such as

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return to their natal area to spawn. The Eastern stock of Atlantic bluefins' spawning ground exists in the western

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added the northern bluefin tuna to its seafood red list. As of January 2022, the bluefin tuna remains on the list.

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in the fish to stimulate fertile egg production and may push the fish to reach sexual maturity at younger ages.

633: 4390: 3980: 3741: 3302: 3213: 935: 520: 1947:"Evidence bolsters classification of a major spawning ground for Atlantic bluefin tuna off the northeast U.S." 523:

finlets. Bluefin tuna can be distinguished from other family members by the relatively short length of their

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The initial target was yellowfin tuna. Japanese did not value bluefin before the 1960s. By the late 1960s,

716:. Because Atlantic bluefins group together in large concentrations to spawn, they are highly vulnerable to 4157: 4092: 4042: 3975: 3926: 2821:. National Council for Science and the Environment. eds. Sidney Draggan & C. Cleveland. Washington DC. 911: 757: 615: 541: 2971: 4344: 4060: 4037: 4000: 3496: 3099: 2571:"Highlights of the 2014 International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) Meeting" 2246: 2220: 2134:"Migration study concludes that sweeping management changes are needed to protect Atlantic bluefin tuna" 971: 446: 298: 192: 4310: 3119: 945:

led a campaign against supposedly illegal bluefin tuna fishing off the coast of Libya, which was under

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To keep its core muscles warm, which are used for power and steady swimming, the Atlantic bluefin uses

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Atlantic bluefin tuna have been recorded at up to 680 kg (1,500 lb) in weight, and rival the

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bluefin tuna was moved from the category of Endangered to the category of Least Concern on the

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In Europe and Australia, scientists have used light-manipulation technology and time-release

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Atlantic bluefins are native to both the western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, as well as the

264: 4258: 3919: 1457: 4318: 4032: 4005: 3985: 3893: 3690: 3361: 3094: 2704: 2426:"Impacts of Petroleum, Petroleum Components, and Dispersants on Organisms and Populations" 2191: 1442: 1018:— "four days" — because chefs would bury them for four days to mellow their bloody taste. 946: 696: 424: 2917:

Safina, C. & Klinger, D. (2008). "Collapse of Bluefin Tuna in the Western Atlantic".

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Collette, B.B.; Boustany, A.; Fox, W.; Graves, J.; Juan Jorda, M.; Restrepo, V. (2021).

4020: 3995: 3898: 3883: 3611: 3571: 3506: 3434: 3266: 3109: 2337: 2109: 2062: 1922: 1887: 1170: 1145: 713: 645:, which does not generally seem to feed on tuna, the Atlantic bluefin tuna likely is a 626: 579: 571: 462: 302: 127: 2987: 1666:"Migratory Movements, Depth Preferences, and Thermal Biology of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna" 4379: 4253: 4010: 3888: 3878: 3660: 3655: 3583: 3556: 3501: 3236: 3174: 3149: 3089: 3023: 2929: 2766:

Swank sushi: Bluefin tuna nets $ 736,000 at Tokyo auction, easily beating old record.

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Ciezarek, Adam; Osborne, Owen; Shipley, Oliver; Brooks, Edward James (October 2018).

1076: 1067: 975: 804: 705: 665: 646: 638: 575: 470: 415: 328:. Throughout recorded history, the Atlantic bluefin tuna has been highly prized as a 234: 209: 137: 70: 65: 2395: 1779: 1708: 1146:"Phylotranscriptomic Insights into the Diversification of Endothermic Thunnus Tunas" 4180: 3958: 3948: 3852: 3675: 3601: 3443: 3179: 3169: 3154: 1186:"Endangered Atlantic bluefin tuna formally recommended for international trade ban" 1046: 963: 788: 669: 567: 524: 516: 313: 1855:

Mediterranean Pelagic Habitat: Oceanographic and Biological Processes, an Overview

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Newlands, Nathaniel K.; Lutcavage, Molly E. & Pitcher, Tony J. (April 2004).

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manufacturers developed lightweight, high-strength polymers that were spun into

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In: Proceedings of the 5th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference, Noumea. pp. 149–164

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Japanese began eating tuna sushi in the 1840s, when a large catch came into

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The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat

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although none have been yet described as causing harm to the species. The

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reviewed in November 2014, resulting in higher allowances listed below.

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migration patterns and additional spawning areas such as the Slope Sea.

578:. While all members of the tuna family are warm-blooded, the ability to 382:

Most bluefins are captured commercially by professional fishermen using

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formally recommended endangered Atlantic bluefin tuna for an Appendix I

41: 4206: 3824: 3814: 3804: 3796: 3769: 3708: 3665: 3650: 3628: 3591: 3551: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3425: 3231: 3196: 3068: 3054: 1528: 840: 825: 595: 591: 441: 395: 348: 256: 157: 4219: 4193: 2320: 1971:"Searching for Atlantic bluefin tuna larvae and more in the Slope Sea" 566:

to prevent heat from being lost to the surrounding water. Heat in the

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Monticelli, 1889 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea), a mysterious parasite of

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Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals

363: 107: 4086: 2826:"Shoaling dynamics and abundance estimation: Atlantic bluefin tuna ( 2296: 839:

Market entry by many North African Mediterranean countries, such as

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has attracted the admiration of fishermen, writers, and scientists.

282:(for individuals exceeding 150 kg ), and formerly as the 3829: 3779: 3764: 3713: 3566: 3541: 3461: 3185: 2850:

Newlands, N. K.; Lutcavage, M. & Pitcher, T. (December 2007).

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Newlands, N. K.; Lutcavage, M. & Pitcher, T. (October 2006).

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Tuna ranching began as early as the 1970s. Canadian fishermen in

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International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas

398:. Recreationally, bluefins have been one of the most important 360:

International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas

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Hill, Richard W.; Wyse, Gordon A.; Anderson, Margaret (2004).

1003: 603: 803:, other populations were not at risk. However, in the 1960s, 439:) , and more distantly to the other large tunas of the genus 2871:): individuals switch between two modes of search behaviour" 2604:"Giant bluefin tuna return in Wales a 'massive opportunity'" 1475:"Tuna, bluefin (Thunnus thynnus) - All-Tackle World Records" 978:

list and pocket guides as fish to avoid due to overfishing.

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Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife

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Collette, B.B.; Wells, D. & Abad-Uribarren, A. (2015).

2867:"Analysis of foraging movements of Atlantic bluefin tuna ( 3357:

International Seafood Sustainability Foundation#Practices

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at Tag-a-Giant Foundation (PDF; archived 3l2 March 2012)

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Marine Fishes of Tropical Australia and South-East Asia.

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It is most closely related to the Pacific bluefin tuna (

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Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

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Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (4 March 2022).

1569:(Osteichthyes: Thunnidae) in the Mediterranean Sea". 1445:. Outdoor.se (31 July 1926). Retrieved on 2013-05-04. 4099: 3934: 3871: 3843: 3795: 3750: 3722: 3689: 3582: 3517: 3442: 3433: 3375: 3324: 3290: 3222: 3195: 3127: 3053: 2884:Newlands, Nathaniel K.; Porcelli, Tracy A. (2008). 2752:. Montereybayaquarium.org. Retrieved on 4 May 2013. 1027:By the 1930s, tuna sushi was commonplace in Japan. 962:criticized the top-ranked New York City restaurant 712:. The spawning ground of the Western stock is the 570:is efficiently transferred to the cool, oxygenated 1233:"U.N. Rejects Export Ban on Atlantic Bluefin Tuna" 637:is one parasite of the species. As the tapeworm's 343:, where all bluefin species are highly prized for 1329:(in Latin). Vol. I (10th revised ed.). 1023:adopted by the citizens of Edo. – Michiyo Murata 2649:. Greenpeace.org. 17 March 2003. Archived from 2071:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1499:Collette, Bruce B.; Nauen, Cornelia E. (1983). 1342: 1340: 1231:Jolly, David; Broder, John M. (18 March 2010). 1020: 901:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2132:Shwartz, Mark; Peterson, Ken (25 April 2005). 1139: 1137: 1091:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T21860A46913402.en 990:Atlantic bluefin at a fish market in Marseille 410:The Atlantic bluefin tuna was one of the many 3409: 3031: 2978:. 30 October 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2009. 2776: 2774: 2055: 2053: 1622: 1620: 1006:one season. A chef marinated a few pieces in 700:group together in schools according to size. 354:This commercial importance has led to severe 8: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1396: 725:Northeastern United States Continental Shelf 2707:. Seashepherd.org. Retrieved on 1 May 2015. 2647:"Greenpeace International Seafood Red list" 2483:"Bluefin tuna ban proposal meets rejection" 4087: 3439: 3416: 3402: 3394: 3367:Regional Fisheries Management Organisation 3038: 3024: 3016: 2782:Premium tuna fetches $ 100,000 at auction. 2760: 2758: 59: 40: 31: 2441: 2336: 2175: 2108: 2090: 2034: 1921: 1911: 1659: 1657: 1560: 1558: 1464:. Nmfs.noaa.gov. Retrieved on 4 May 2013. 1359:Hutchins, B. & Swainston, R. (1986). 1169: 1089: 1014:. At that time, these fish were nicknamed 614:. They exhibit opportunistic hunting in 1997:"Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus" 1453: 1451: 1209:"Europe Leans Toward Bluefin Trade Ban" 1121:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 1058: 428:, where it was given the binomial name 2247:"Breeding the Overfished Bluefin Tuna" 1226: 1224: 1222: 1037:Big-game tunny fishing off Scarborough 970:The bluefin species are listed by the 775:An adult Atlantic bluefin tuna on deck 2553:"Bluefin tuna quotas remain in place" 1348:Mackerels, molecules, and morphology. 390:, assorted hook-and-line gear, heavy 7: 2158:Longo, Stefano B. (26 August 2011). 1752:Lowe (Teleostei: Alepisauridae) and 762:Capture of Atlantic bluefin tuna in 4386:IUCN Red List least concern species 2602:Messenger, Steffan (1 April 2021). 1651:{Ellis (2003) The Empty Ocean, p32} 1268:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1077:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 377:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 293:. They have become extinct in the 2764:Washington Post (5 January 2011). 2493:from the original on 25 March 2010 1723:"Thunnus thynnus (Horse mackerel)" 1333:: (Laurentii Salvii). p. 297. 881:Fisheries management organizations 708:, particularly in the area of the 25: 2972:Bye bye bluefin: Managed to death 2717:Asimov, Eric (15 November 2011). 2164:Journal of World-Systems Research 1818:Whynott, Douglas (30 June 1996). 1756:(L.) (Euselachii: Carcharinidae)" 1361:Sea Fishes of Southern Australia. 943:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society 905:National Marine Fisheries Service 412:fish species originally described 3925: 3918: 3911: 3118: 3010:brochure on bluefin tuna tagging 2957: 2626:"GOV.UK: Bluefin tuna in the UK" 2481:Black, Richard (18 March 2010). 1591:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01191.x 1417:Greenberg, Paul (27 June 2010). 1207:Jolly, David (3 February 2010). 84: 2856:Environmental Biology of Fishes 2841:Environmental Biology of Fishes 2824:Newlands, Nathaniel K. (2002). 2512:Harris, Richard (27 May 2011). 2396:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.01.034 2021:Pain, Stephanie (31 May 2022). 1541:Burnie D and Wilson DE (Eds.), 1150:Molecular Biology and Evolution 621:The species is host to over 70 511:Atlantic bluefin tuna migration 270:. It is variously known as the 4406:Fish of the Dominican Republic 1571:Journal of Applied Ichthyology 952:In November 2011, food critic 885:In 2007, researchers from the 830:gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1: 4311:western-atlantic-bluefin-tuna 2750:Tuna, Bluefin – Seafood Watch 1508:. Rome: UNDP/FAO. p. 92. 658:specialize on eating plankton 2914:. Henry Holt Co. New York. 2249:. LiveScience. 17 March 2008 1913:10.1371/journal.pone.0116638 1263:(Gulf of Mexico assessment)" 995:sold for US$ 247,000 at the 870:U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone 687:Larval Atlantic bluefin tuna 606:, and invertebrates such as 4416:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 2813:Hogan, C. Michael. (2010). 2780:NBC News (1 January 2009). 2192:"OECD stats on aquaculture" 1631:. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 941:In the summer of 2011, the 865:Deepwater Horizon oil spill 492:(Italian), amongst others. 4432: 1746:Pelichnibothrium speciosum 634:Pelichnibothrium speciosum 555: 4051: 3909: 3116: 2994:MarineBio article on tuna 2376:Marine Pollution Bulletin 2036:10.1146/knowable-052622-3 1519:Johnston, Gordon (1973). 1436:The Atlantic Bluefin Tuna 228: 221: 198: 191: 81:Scientific classification 79: 57: 48: 39: 34: 3303:Scombroid food poisoning 3214:US bluefin tuna industry 2932:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). 2797:Clover, Charles (2004). 2698:Operation Blue Rage 2011 2443:10.5670/oceanog.2021.122 1852:Würtz, Maurizio (2010). 936:Greenpeace International 341:Japanese raw-fish market 3006:(archived 17 July 2011) 2946:. January 2006 version. 2912:Song For The Blue Ocean 2803:. Ebury Press, London. 2784:Accessed 6 January 2011 2768:Accessed 6 January 2011 2703:2 November 2013 at the 2092:10.1073/pnas.1525636113 1794:"Atlantic Bluefin Tuna" 1772:10.1023/A:1006091102174 1760:Systematic Parasitology 1693:10.1126/science.1061197 1458:Atlantic Bluefin Tuna ( 1346:Collette, B.B. (1999). 848:bluefin is endangered. 564:countercurrent exchange 546:Smithsonian Institution 274:(mainly when including 4401:Fish described in 1758 3004:Bluefin tuna and Sushi 3000:(archived 3 July 2012) 1742:Scholz, T. Š. (1998). 1025: 991: 912:Endangered Species Act 776: 768: 688: 558:Tuna § Physiology 512: 35:Atlantic bluefin tuna 4411:Fish of the Caribbean 4345:Paleobiology Database 4061:World fish production 3424:Principal commercial 3298:Dolphin friendly tuna 3100:Southern bluefin tuna 3085:Atlantic bluefin tuna 2819:Encyclopedia of Earth 2221:Monterey Bay Aquarium 2177:10.5195/jwsr.2011.422 2138:Stanford News Release 1744:"Taxonomic status of 1521:It Happened in Canada 1162:10.1093/molbev/msy198 1084:: e.T21860A46913402. 989: 972:Monterey Bay Aquarium 774: 760: 686: 510: 447:southern bluefin tuna 418:in his landmark 1758 299:southern bluefin tuna 272:northern bluefin tuna 247:Atlantic bluefin tuna 3105:Pacific bluefin tuna 2968:at Wikimedia Commons 2919:Conservation Biology 2901:Conservation Biology 2719:"Sushi Yasuda — NYC" 1728:Animal Diversity Web 3383:List of tuna dishes 3140:Black skipjack tuna 2910:Safina, C. (1998). 2731:on 17 November 2011 2559:. 20 November 2012. 2388:2012MarPB..64..679M 2313:2016NatSR...633824H 2275:. 30 September 2016 2083:2016PNAS..113.3299R 1904:2015PLoSO..1016638C 1685:2001Sci...293.1310B 1583:2009JApIc..25...38S 1545:. DK Adult (2005), 1441:1 June 2012 at the 1363:pp. 104 & 141. 1275:: e.T21860A76599358 997:Tsukiji fish market 930:Other organizations 899:In 2011, the USA's 586:Biology and ecology 51:Conservation status 4076:Fisheries glossary 4066:Commercial species 4056:Commercial fishing 3444:Large pelagic fish 3272:Tuna fish sandwich 2890:Fisheries Research 2875:Population Ecology 2724:The New York Times 2538:Species of Concern 2301:Scientific Reports 2227:on 14 October 2007 2029:. Annual Reviews. 2023:"Call of the deep" 1423:The New York Times 1379:Allen, G. (1999). 1301:. 4 September 2021 1213:The New York Times 1042:Guillaume Fourrier 992: 959:The New York Times 908:species of concern 801:commercial fishing 777: 769: 753:Commercial fishery 718:commercial fishing 689: 513: 372:commercial fishing 280:giant bluefin tuna 278:as a subspecies), 4373: 4372: 4093:Taxon identifiers 4084: 4083: 3981:Freshwater prawns 3907: 3906: 3391: 3390: 2962:Media related to 2321:10.1038/srep33824 2077:(12): 3299–3304. 2027:Knowable Magazine 1865:978-2-8317-1242-0 1831:978-0-86547-497-0 1750:Alepisaurus ferox 1629:Animal Physiology 1117:(Linnaeus, 1758)" 1010:and served it as 766:from 1950 to 2009 739:Human interaction 691:Bluefin tuna are 508: 291:Mediterranean Sea 243: 242: 238: 74: 16:(Redirected from 4423: 4366: 4365: 4353: 4352: 4340: 4339: 4327: 4326: 4314: 4313: 4301: 4300: 4288: 4287: 4285:NBNSYS0000187819 4275: 4274: 4262: 4261: 4249: 4248: 4236: 4235: 4223: 4222: 4210: 4209: 4197: 4196: 4184: 4183: 4171: 4170: 4161: 4160: 4148: 4147: 4135: 4134: 4133: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4088: 3929: 3922: 3915: 3497:southern bluefin 3487:Atlantic bluefin 3440: 3418: 3411: 3404: 3395: 3376:Related articles 3122: 3040: 3033: 3026: 3017: 2984:at Seafood Watch 2961: 2947: 2896:(1): 42–55. 2785: 2778: 2769: 2762: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2727:. Archived from 2714: 2708: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2653:on 10 April 2010 2643: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2582: 2576:. Archived from 2575: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2549: 2543: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2445: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2373: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2340: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2223:. Archived from 2213: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2188: 2182: 2181: 2179: 2155: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2129: 2123: 2122: 2112: 2094: 2057: 2048: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2038: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2007: 1993: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1942: 1936: 1935: 1925: 1915: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1849: 1843: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1739: 1733: 1732: 1719: 1713: 1712: 1679:(5533): 1310–4. 1670: 1661: 1652: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1624: 1615: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1562: 1553: 1539: 1533: 1532: 1516: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1496: 1490: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1471: 1465: 1455: 1446: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1414: 1391: 1377: 1371: 1357: 1351: 1344: 1335: 1334: 1317: 1311: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1291: 1285: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1228: 1217: 1216: 1204: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1173: 1141: 1132: 1131: 1129: 1127: 1109: 1103: 1102: 1100: 1098: 1093: 1063: 710:Balearic Islands 509: 400:big-game species 233: 204: 89: 88: 68: 63: 62: 44: 32: 21: 4431: 4430: 4426: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4421: 4420: 4391:Commercial fish 4376: 4375: 4374: 4369: 4361: 4356: 4348: 4343: 4335: 4330: 4322: 4319:Observation.org 4317: 4309: 4304: 4296: 4291: 4283: 4278: 4270: 4265: 4257: 4252: 4244: 4239: 4231: 4226: 4218: 4213: 4205: 4200: 4192: 4187: 4179: 4174: 4166: 4164: 4158:thunnus-thynnus 4156: 4151: 4145:Thunnus_thynnus 4143: 4138: 4131:Thunnus thynnus 4129: 4128: 4123: 4114: 4113: 4108: 4101:Thunnus thynnus 4095: 4085: 4080: 4047: 3986:Gilt-head bream 3930: 3924: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3903: 3894:Lobster fishing 3867: 3839: 3791: 3746: 3724:Other wild fish 3718: 3691:Freshwater fish 3685: 3578: 3513: 3492:Pacific bluefin 3429: 3422: 3392: 3387: 3371: 3362:Nauru Agreement 3320: 3286: 3218: 3191: 3123: 3114: 3049: 3044: 2965:Thunnus thynnus 2954: 2936:Thunnus thynnus 2928: 2869:Thunnus thynnus 2828:Thunnus thynnus 2794: 2792:Further reading 2789: 2788: 2779: 2772: 2763: 2756: 2748: 2744: 2734: 2732: 2716: 2715: 2711: 2705:Wayback Machine 2696: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2673:"Red List Fish" 2671: 2670: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2609: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2536: 2532: 2522: 2520: 2511: 2510: 2506: 2496: 2494: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2408: 2406: 2371: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2351: 2349: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2252: 2250: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2230: 2228: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2142: 2140: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2065:Thunnus thynnus 2059: 2058: 2051: 2041: 2039: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2005: 2003: 1995: 1994: 1990: 1980: 1978: 1969: 1968: 1964: 1954: 1952: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1898:(2): e0116638. 1885: 1884: 1880: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1851: 1850: 1846: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1802: 1800: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1754:Prionace glauca 1741: 1740: 1736: 1721: 1720: 1716: 1668: 1663: 1662: 1655: 1650: 1646: 1639: 1626: 1625: 1618: 1612:Greenwood Press 1602: 1598: 1567:Thunnus thynnus 1564: 1563: 1556: 1540: 1536: 1518: 1517: 1513: 1505: 1498: 1497: 1493: 1483: 1481: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1460:Thunnus thynnus 1456: 1449: 1443:Wayback Machine 1434: 1430: 1416: 1415: 1394: 1378: 1374: 1358: 1354: 1345: 1338: 1319: 1318: 1314: 1304: 1302: 1293: 1292: 1288: 1278: 1276: 1261:Thunnus thynnus 1256: 1255: 1251: 1241: 1239: 1230: 1229: 1220: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1191: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1143: 1142: 1135: 1125: 1123: 1115:Thunnus thynnus 1111: 1110: 1106: 1096: 1094: 1070:Thunnus thynnus 1065: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1033: 984: 947:Muammar Gaddafi 932: 883: 878: 854: 814: 767: 755: 746: 744:Ancient fishery 741: 681: 627:tetraphyllidean 616:schools of fish 588: 560: 517:"pineal window" 500: 498: 430:Scomber thynnus 425:Systema Naturae 408: 394:and reels, and 324:as the largest 276:Pacific bluefin 252:Thunnus thynnus 231:Scomber thynnus 217: 206: 202:Thunnus thynnus 200: 187: 184:T. thynnus 83: 75: 64: 60: 53: 28: 27:Species of fish 23: 22: 18:Thunnus thynnus 15: 12: 11: 5: 4429: 4427: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4378: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4367: 4354: 4341: 4328: 4315: 4302: 4289: 4276: 4263: 4250: 4237: 4224: 4211: 4198: 4185: 4172: 4162: 4149: 4136: 4121: 4105: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4091: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4071:Fishing topics 4068: 4063: 4058: 4052: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4024: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3940: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3899:Shrimp fishery 3896: 3891: 3886: 3884:Crab fisheries 3881: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3849: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3801: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3783: 3782: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3756: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3728: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3695: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3683: 3678: 3676:Smelt-whitings 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3647: 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3007: 3001: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2969: 2953: 2952:External links 2950: 2949: 2948: 2930:Froese, Rainer 2926: 2915: 2908: 2897: 2882: 2863: 2848: 2833: 2822: 2811: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2770: 2754: 2742: 2709: 2690: 2679:. 15 July 2015 2677:Greenpeace USA 2664: 2638: 2617: 2594: 2562: 2544: 2530: 2504: 2473: 2436:(1): 136–151. 2416: 2382:(4): 679–687. 2359: 2286: 2260: 2238: 2217:"Bluefin Tuna" 2208: 2183: 2170:(2): 403–427. 2150: 2124: 2049: 2013: 1988: 1977:. 15 June 2017 1962: 1937: 1878: 1864: 1844: 1830: 1810: 1785: 1734: 1714: 1653: 1644: 1637: 1616: 1596: 1554: 1534: 1523:. Scholastic. 1511: 1491: 1466: 1447: 1428: 1392: 1372: 1352: 1336: 1321:Linnaeus, Carl 1312: 1286: 1249: 1237:New York Times 1218: 1199: 1188:. 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3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3661:Orange roughy 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3621: 3620: 3617: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3584:Demersal fish 3581: 3573: 3570: 3569: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3427: 3419: 3414: 3412: 3407: 3405: 3400: 3399: 3396: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3325:Organisations 3323: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3237:Cakalang fufu 3235: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3175:Skipjack tuna 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3160:Mackerel tuna 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3150:Dogtooth tuna 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3126: 3121: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3095:Longtail tuna 3093: 3091: 3090:Blackfin tuna 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3070: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3041: 3036: 3034: 3029: 3027: 3022: 3021: 3018: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2995: 2992: 2990:at Greenpeace 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2976:The Economist 2973: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2939: 2937: 2931: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2870: 2864: 2862:(4): 405–420. 2861: 2857: 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Macmillan. 1823: 1822: 1821:Giant Bluefin 1814: 1811: 1799: 1795: 1789: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1738: 1735: 1730: 1729: 1724: 1718: 1715: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1667: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1640: 1638:0-87893-315-8 1634: 1630: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1538: 1535: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1515: 1512: 1504: 1503: 1495: 1492: 1480: 1476: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1461: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1432: 1429: 1425:. p. 28. 1424: 1420: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1390: 1389:0-7309-8363-3 1386: 1382: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1369:1-86252-661-3 1366: 1362: 1356: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1322: 1316: 1313: 1300: 1296: 1290: 1287: 1274: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1253: 1250: 1238: 1234: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1203: 1200: 1187: 1181: 1178: 1172: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1108: 1105: 1092: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1062: 1059: 1052: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1000: 998: 988: 981: 979: 977: 976:Seafood Watch 973: 968: 965: 961: 960: 955: 950: 948: 944: 939: 937: 929: 927: 923: 919: 915: 913: 909: 906: 902: 897: 895: 890: 888: 880: 875: 873: 871: 866: 861: 859: 851: 849: 846: 842: 837: 833: 831: 827: 822: 819: 818:St Mary's Bay 811: 809: 806: 805:purse seiners 802: 797: 795: 790: 785: 783: 773: 765: 759: 752: 750: 743: 738: 736: 732: 728: 726: 721: 719: 715: 711: 707: 706:Mediterranean 701: 698: 694: 685: 678: 676: 674: 671: 667: 663: 659: 654: 652: 648: 647:dead-end host 644: 640: 639:definite host 636: 635: 631: 628: 624: 619: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 585: 583: 581: 577: 576:rete mirabile 573: 569: 565: 559: 554: 550: 547: 543: 539: 533: 530: 526: 525:pectoral fins 522: 518: 495: 493: 491: 487: 483: 478: 476: 472: 471:longtail tuna 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 443: 438: 437:T. orientalis 433: 431: 427: 426: 421: 417: 416:Carl Linnaeus 413: 405: 403: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 380: 378: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 352: 350: 346: 342: 337: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 310: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 287: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 266: 262: 258: 254: 253: 248: 239: 236: 232: 227: 224: 220: 215: 211: 205: 203: 197: 194: 193:Binomial name 190: 186: 185: 180: 177: 176: 173: 172: 168: 165: 164: 161: 160: 156: 153: 152: 149: 146: 143: 142: 139: 138:Scombriformes 136: 133: 132: 129: 126: 123: 122: 119: 116: 113: 112: 109: 106: 103: 102: 99: 96: 93: 92: 87: 82: 78: 72: 67: 66:Least Concern 56: 52: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 4100: 4011:salmon trout 3486: 3309:Tuna Fishing 3308: 3184: 3180:Slender tuna 3170:Little tunny 3155:Frigate tuna 3084: 3067: 2982:Bluefin Tuna 2975: 2964: 2941: 2935: 2922: 2918: 2911: 2904: 2900: 2893: 2889: 2878: 2874: 2868: 2859: 2855: 2844: 2840: 2827: 2818: 2798: 2745: 2733:. 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Retrieved 1081: 1075: 1069: 1061: 1047:Natal homing 1026: 1021: 1015: 1012:nigiri sushi 1011: 1001: 993: 969: 964:Sushi Yasuda 957: 951: 940: 933: 924: 920: 916: 898: 891: 884: 876:Conservation 862: 855: 838: 834: 823: 815: 798: 793: 789:sportfishing 786: 778: 747: 733: 729: 722: 702: 690: 679:Life history 655: 651:P. speciosum 650: 632: 620: 589: 568:venous blood 561: 551: 534: 514: 489: 485: 481: 479: 474: 467:T. albacares 466: 458: 450: 440: 436: 434: 429: 423: 420:10th edition 409: 388:purse seines 381: 353: 338: 314:black marlin 311: 288: 283: 279: 271: 251: 250: 246: 244: 230: 229: 201: 199: 183: 182: 170: 158: 29: 4267:NatureServe 4215:iNaturalist 4125:Wikispecies 3845:Echinoderms 3752:Crustaceans 3519:Forage fish 3247:Katsuobushi 3145:Bullet tuna 3080:Bigeye tuna 2881:(1): 39–53. 2587:29 December 2253:13 February 1975:Field Fresh 1604:Piper, Ross 1097:19 November 954:Eric Asimov 858:aquaculture 812:Aquaculture 668:, and some 612:crustaceans 574:entering a 538:Nova Scotia 496:Description 490:tonno rosso 455:bigeye tuna 451:T. maccoyii 356:overfishing 326:Perciformes 318:blue marlin 307:bigeye tuna 4380:Categories 3858:Sea urchin 3311:(painting) 3282:Tuna salad 3135:Scombridae 3128:Other tuna 2925:: 243–246. 2907:: 229–234. 2735:30 January 2683:18 January 2606:. BBC News 2231:2 February 1551:0789477645 1529:B000VUPG1M 1192:17 October 1126:9 December 1053:References 670:open ocean 662:billfishes 643:blue shark 475:T. tonggol 461:) and the 268:Scombridae 166:Subgenus: 148:Scombridae 3872:Fisheries 3737:Whitebait 3681:Toothfish 3507:yellowfin 3467:Swordfish 3209:Almadraba 3201:fisheries 3055:True tuna 2998:MarineBio 2557:3 News NZ 2468:236766859 2452:1042-8275 2329:2045-2322 2101:0027-8424 1577:(1): 38. 1484:5 January 1279:23 August 1008:soy sauce 934:In 2010, 863:The 2010 782:drift net 693:oviparous 675:species. 623:parasites 542:Liverpool 486:atún rojo 459:T. obesus 384:longlines 334:predators 330:food fish 322:swordfish 295:Black Sea 178:Species: 104:Kingdom: 98:Eukaryota 4272:2.788809 4233:10152641 4189:FishBase 4165:BioLib: 4110:Wikidata 4028:Scallops 4006:Atlantic 3825:Scallops 3797:Molluscs 3704:Sturgeon 3671:Rockfish 3624:flounder 3619:Flatfish 3602:Atlantic 3572:european 3552:Sardines 3547:Menhaden 3502:skipjack 3477:albacore 3452:Mackerel 3316:Tunagate 3277:Tuna pot 3262:Tekkadon 3252:Kezuriki 3075:Albacore 2943:FishBase 2701:Archived 2657:13 April 2497:13 April 2491:Archived 2487:BBC News 2460:27020066 2404:22330074 2347:27654709 2119:26951668 1950:phys.org 1932:25671316 1892:PLOS ONE 1858:. 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