41:
1435:. The second quartzite sarcophagus had originally been engraved with the name of "the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Maatkare Hatshepsut", but when it was complete, Hatshepsut decided to commission an entirely new sarcophagus for herself and donated the existing finished sarcophagus to her father, Thutmose I. The stonemasons then attempted to erase the original carvings by restoring the surface of the quartzite so that it could be re-carved with the name and titles of Tuthmose I instead. This quartzite sarcophagus measures 7 feet long by 3 feet wide with walls 5 inches thick and bears a dedication text that records Hatshepsut's generosity towards her father:
1408:
1404:, which formed part of Thutmose I's original funerary equipment; one of the vases contained a secondary inscription that says that Thutmose II made it "as his monument to his father." Other vessels that bore Thutmose I's names and titles had also been inscribed by his son and successor, Thutmose II, along with fragments of stone vessels made for Hatshepsut before she herself became king as well as other vessels that bore her royal name of 'Maatkare', which would have been made only after she took the throne.
1283:
1467:
1302:. Before Thutmose, Karnak probably consisted only of a long road to a central platform, with a number of shrines for the solar bark along the side of the road. Thutmose was the first king to drastically enlarge the temple. He had the fifth pylon built along the temple's main road, along with a wall around the inner sanctuary and two flagpoles to flank the gateway. Outside of this, he built a fourth pylon and another enclosure wall. Between pylons four and five, he had a
1266:, south of the fourth cataract. He inscribed a large tableau on the Hagar el-Merwa, a quartz outcrop c. 40m long and 50m wide 1200 meters from the Nile, on top of several local inscriptions. This is the furthest south the Egyptian presence is attested. During his reign, he initiated a number of projects that effectively ended Nubian independence for 500 years. He enlarged a temple to Sesostris III and Khnum, opposite the Nile from
1320:
1481:
1550:, largely on the strength of familial resemblance to the mummies of Thutmose II and Thutmose III, believed he had found his mummy in the otherwise unlabelled mummy #5283. This identification has been supported by subsequent examinations, revealing that the embalming techniques used came from the appropriate period of time, almost certainly after that of Ahmose I and made during the 18th dynasty.
1593:. But in 2007, Hawass announced that the mummy previously thought to be Thutmose I is that of a 30-year-old man who died as a result of an arrow wound to the chest. Because of the young age of the mummy and the cause of death, it was determined that the mummy was probably not that of Thutmose I. The mummy has the inventory number CG 61065. In April 2021 the mummy was moved to the
1147:
633:
541:
209:
1065:, was apparently born long before Thutmose's coronation. He can be seen on a stela from Thutmose's fourth regnal year hunting near Memphis, and he became the "great army-commander of his father" sometime before his death, which was no later than Thutmose's own death in his 12th regnal year. Thutmose had another son,
1391:, which could only have been built for Thutmose I during the reign of his grandson Thutmose III based on "a recent re-examination of the architecture and contents of KV38." The location of KV20, if not its original owner, had been known since the Napoleonic expedition of 1799 and, in 1844, the Prussian scholar
1557:
The king was already advanced in age at the time of his death, being over fifty years old, to judge by the incisor teeth, which are worn and corroded by the impurities of which the
Egyptian bread was full. The body, though small and emaciated, shows evidence of unusual muscular strength; the head is
1175:
Year 3, first month of the third season, day 22, under the majesty of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Aakheperre who is given life. His
Majesty commanded to dig this canal after he found it stopped up with stones no ; Year 3, first month of the third season, day 22. His Majesty sailed this canal
1470:
Scene of a statue of
Thutmose I, he is depicted in the symbolic black color of deification, the black color also symbolizes rebirth and regeneration; MET Museum, NYC. The statue is being dragged, showing a deified depiction of the king in the symbolic black color of deification, ca. 1294–1279 B.C.,
1310:
wood. This type of structure was common in ancient
Egyptian temples, and supposedly represents a papyrus marsh, an Egyptian symbol of creation. Along the edge of this room he built colossal statues, each one alternating wearing the crown of Upper Egypt and the crown of Lower Egypt. Finally, outside
1137:
records that
Thutmose I's reign lasted 12 years and 9 months (or 13 years) as a certain Mephres in his Epitome. This data is supported by two dated inscriptions from Years 8 and 9 of his reign bearing his cartouche found inscribed on a stone block in Karnak. Accordingly, Thutmose is usually given a
1056:
and the sister of
Amenhotep I; but she was never called "king's daughter," so there is some doubt about this, and some historians believe she was Thutmose's sister. Assuming she was related to Amenhotep, one might speculate that she was married to Thutmose in order to guarantee succession. This is
1213:, near Apamea in Syria, and returned to Egypt with strange tales of the Euphrates, "that inverted water which flows upstream when it ought to be flowing downstream." The Euphrates was the first major river the Egyptians had ever encountered that flowed from the north, which was downstream on the
1096:, whom Thutmose I married to his daughter, Hatshepsut. It was later recorded by Hatshepsut that Thutmose willed the kingship to both Thutmose II and Hatshepsut, but this is considered propaganda by Hatshepsut's supporters to legitimise her claim to the throne when she later assumed power.
1315:
inscribed it about 50 years later. The cedar columns in
Thutmose I's hypostyle hall were replaced with stone columns by Thutmose III, but at least the northernmost two were replaced by Thutmose I himself. Hatshepsut also erected two of her own obelisks inside Thutmose I's hypostyle hall.
1422:
But Carter also discovered two separate coffins in the burial chamber. Hatshepsut's beautifully carved sarcophagus "was discovered open with no sign of a body, and with the lid lying discarded on the floor"; it is now housed in the Cairo Museum along with a matching yellow quartzite
1400:, after two previous seasons of strenuous work, clear its corridors and enter its double burial chamber. Here, among the debris of broken pottery and shattered stone vessels from the burial chamber and lower passages, were the remnants of two vases made for Queen
1366:
1200:
Thutmose's Tombos stele indicates that he had already fought a campaign in Syria; hence, his Syrian campaign may be placed at the beginning of his second regnal year. This second campaign was the farthest north any
Egyptian ruler had ever campaigned.
1208:
River. During this campaign, the Syrian princes declared allegiance to
Thutmose. But after he returned, they discontinued tribute and began fortifying against future incursions. Thutmose celebrated his victories with an elephant hunt in the area of
1395:
had partially explored its upper passage, but all its passageways "had become blocked by a solidified mass of rubble, small stones and rubbish which had been carried into the tomb by floodwaters" and only during the 1903–04 excavation season did
1350:. Ineni was commissioned to dig this tomb, and presumably to build his mortuary temple. His mortuary temple has not been found, possibly because it was incorporated into or demolished by the construction of Hatshepsut's mortuary temple at
1455:, featuring another yellow sarcophagus dedicated to Thutmose I and inscribed with texts that proclaim this pharaoh's love for his deceased grandfather. Unfortunately, Thutmose I's remains were disturbed late during the 20th dynasty when
1562:
James Harris and Fawzia
Hussien (1991) conducted an X-ray survey on New Kingdom royal mummies and examined Thutmose I's mummified remains. The study found that Thutmose I's mummy had all the craniofacial characteristics common among
1439:...long live the Female Horus...The king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Maatkare, the son of Re, Hatshepsut-Khnemet-Amun! May she live forever! She made it as her monument to her father whom she loved, the Good God, Lord of the
1261:
Thutmose had to face one more military threat, another rebellion by Nubia in his fourth year. His influence accordingly expanded even farther south, as an inscription dated to his reign has been found as far south as
1274:, also known as the "King's Son of Cush." With a civilian representative of the king permanently established in Nubia, Nubia did not dare revolt as often as it had and was easily controlled by future Egyptian kings.
40:
1170:
in order to facilitate easier travel upstream from Egypt to Nubia. This helped integrate Nubia into the Egyptian empire. This expedition is mentioned in two separate inscriptions by the king's son Thure:
1253:
It does not appear that the Egyptians' aim at this stage was to control the area permanently, because they established no permanent presence in the area. This happened later, during the 18th dynasty.
1270:. There are also records of specific religious rites the viceroy of El-Kab was to have performed in the temples in Nubia in proxy for the king. He also appointed a man called Turi to the position of
1158:, Thutmose traveled up the Nile and fought in the battle, personally killing the Nubian king. Upon victory, he had the Nubian king's body hung from the prow of his ship, before he returned to
1006:, but a minority of scholars—who think that astrological observations used to calculate the timeline of ancient Egyptian records, and thus the reign of Thutmose I, were taken from the city of
1451:
Thutmose I was not destined to lie alongside his daughter after Hatshepsut's death. Thutmose III, Hatshepsut's successor, decided to reinter his grandfather in an even more magnificent tomb,
1235:
Many Levantine sites were destroyed in the middle of the 16th century B.C., and these destructions have often been attributed to the military campaigns of Thutmose I, or of his predecessor
1125:. The year of Amenhotep's death and Thutmose's subsequent coronation can be accordingly derived, and is dated to 1506 BC by most modern scholars. But if the observation were made at either
1574:
on the Amarna royal mummies also featured the unidentified royal mummy previously thought to be Thutmose I in the control samples. The study indicated that the mummy belonged to
1188:
at Tombos, which records that he built a fortress at Tombos, near the third cataract, thus permanently extending the Egyptian military presence, which had previously stopped at
6070:
1162:. After that campaign, he led a second expedition against Nubia in his third year in the course of which he ordered the canal at the first cataract—which had been built under
5964:
2215:
1250:
has been assigned to the second half of the 16th century BCE, the time of Amenhotep I and Thutmose I, based on the pottery and scarabs discovered in the destruction debris.
1546:
Thutmose I's original coffin was taken over and reused by a later pharaoh of the 21st dynasty. The mummy of Thutmose I was thought to be lost, but Egyptologist
1680:
1358:. In it was found a yellow quartzite sarcophagus bearing the name of Thutmose I, but Thutmose III may have moved his body into the tomb of Hatshepsut,
5979:
5974:
2161:
1594:
2399:
History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, Volume 4 (of 12), Project Gutenberg EBook, Release Date: December 16, 2005. EBook #17324
2212:
Maternal and Paternal Lineages in King Tutankhamun's Family Guardian of Ancient Egypt: Studies in Honor of Zahi Hawass. Volume I, pp.497–518; 2020
5954:
5949:
1615:
1031:
1427:. A second sarcophagus was found lying on its side with its almost undamaged lid propped against the wall nearby; it was eventually presented to
5959:
2477:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Thutmose I (see index)
5939:
2429:
2186:
Harris, James E.; Hussien, Fawzia (September 1991). "The identification of the Eighteenth Dynasty royal mummies; a biological perspective".
5944:
2292:
995:, pushing the borders of Egypt farther than ever before in each region. He also built many temples in Egypt, and a tomb for himself in the
494:
1311:
of the fourth pylon, he erected four more flagpoles and two obelisks, although one of them, which now has fallen, was not inscribed until
5934:
3714:
3502:
5923:
4684:
4400:
3268:
2528:
2502:
6065:
6060:
6055:
2213:
814:
770:
729:
693:
610:
572:
796:
793:
788:
785:
762:
714:
711:
708:
685:
595:
562:
519:
440:
438:
437:
434:
431:
419:
313:
309:
307:
302:
299:
297:
272:
186:
180:
6045:
5176:
1661:, chapter 10: "Egyptian Sirius/Sothic Dates and the Question of the Sirius–Based Lunar Calendar", Rolf Kraus, 2006, pp. 439–57.
1061:
associates Amenhotep's name with Thutmose's name well before Amenhotep's death. Second, Thutmose's first-born son with Ahmose,
791:
652:
589:
475:
354:
316:
304:
228:
106:
97:
1138:
reign from 1506 BC to 1493 BC (low chronology), but a minority of scholars date it from 1526 BC to 1513 BC (high chronology).
5969:
5226:
4953:
4809:
2474:
799:
767:
765:
690:
688:
592:
587:
567:
522:
428:
425:
422:
394:
319:
318:
310:
183:
178:
149:
1246:
As many as 20 sites in the Levant suffered destruction at this time. For example, the fiery destruction of Stratum XVIII at
569:
564:
5522:
5312:
5244:
5109:
4976:
4886:
4699:
2817:
5094:
5031:
4314:
1808:
5455:
4564:
4476:
3961:
3738:
3729:
1432:
1431:, the excavation's financial sponsor, as a gesture of appreciation for his support. Davis in turn presented it to the
980:
948:
5989:
5284:
4617:
4354:
4181:
4113:
2695:
1598:
1126:
5805:
3576:
1558:
bald, the features are refined, and the mouth still bears an expression characteristic of shrewdness and cunning.
1672:
1407:
6075:
3650:
3421:
3283:
2348:
1610:
984:
1414:
donated this quartzite sarcophagus which was made in her reign for the reburial of her father, Thutmose I, in
6050:
5490:
5405:
5382:
3699:
3561:
3498:
3287:
3087:
2903:
2232:
2457:
5994:
5984:
5532:
5511:
5430:
4344:
4204:
3814:
3448:
3408:
3202:
3144:
3028:
2832:
2495:
2397:
2158:
1154:
Upon Thutmose's coronation, Nubia rebelled against Egyptian rule. According to the tomb autobiography of
6004:
5480:
5445:
5425:
5415:
5377:
3881:
3235:
2461:
3977:
1217:, to the south, upstream on the Nile. Thus the river became known in Egypt as simply "inverted water."
5505:
5460:
4833:
4461:
4396:
4249:
4244:
3951:
3946:
3799:
3225:
3013:
2892:
1392:
1155:
1282:
6040:
5495:
5470:
5435:
5372:
4747:
4722:
3926:
3921:
3345:
2776:
1579:
1444:
1347:
996:
61:
1459:
was plundered; the sarcophagus's lid was broken and all this king's valuable precious jewelry and
507:
5785:
5772:
5349:
4359:
3931:
3906:
2973:
2748:
1939:
1931:
1204:
Although it has not been found in modern times, he apparently set up a stele when he crossed the
1499:, revealed in 1881. It had been interred along with those of the 18th- and 19th-dynasty leaders
999:; he is the first king confirmed to have done this (though Amenhotep I may have preceded him).
5840:
5819:
5713:
5680:
5392:
4727:
4349:
4229:
3851:
3779:
3437:
3240:
3230:
3162:
2488:
2425:
2273:
1466:
1428:
1062:
863:
6019:
5846:
5674:
5440:
5194:
4777:
4074:
3970:
3911:
3335:
3315:
2263:
2195:
1923:
1575:
1401:
1295:
1049:
667:
5791:
5761:
5720:
5656:
5400:
5330:
5200:
4539:
4194:
3916:
3310:
2948:
2916:
2755:
2460:
George Steindorff and Keith C. Seele, 1942, University of Chicago Press (Scanned version,
2334:
2219:
2165:
1586:
1496:
1291:
1271:
1177:
1117:
was recorded in the reign of Thutmose's predecessor, Amenhotep I, which has been dated to
1110:
2127:
2057:
Joyce Tyldesley, Hatchepsut: The Female Pharaoh, Penguin Books, hardback, 1996. pp.121-25
1339:, Memphis, and Edfu, as well as minor expansions to buildings in Nubia, at Semna, Buhen,
1319:
5999:
5887:
5685:
5646:
5364:
5320:
5189:
4273:
4199:
4029:
3901:
3861:
3609:
3461:
3426:
3416:
3350:
3305:
3187:
3182:
2762:
2741:
2707:
2418:
1962:
Nubia in the New Kingdom. Lived Experience, Pharaonic Control and Indigenous Traditions
1642:
1633:
Clayton, Peter. Chronicle of the Pharaohs, Thames and Hudson Ltd, paperback 2006, p.100
1547:
1303:
1263:
1210:
1130:
1007:
841:
46:
2252:"Identifications of ancient Egyptian royal mummies from the 18th Dynasty reconsidered"
1480:
6034:
5566:
5465:
5297:
5267:
4943:
4798:
4655:
4524:
4364:
4339:
4289:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3876:
3683:
3614:
3604:
3466:
3220:
2968:
2911:
2864:
2701:
2660:
1943:
1564:
1489:
1424:
1397:
1351:
1340:
1332:
1163:
1159:
1122:
1114:
1057:
known not to be the case for two reasons. First, Amenhotep's alabaster bark built at
1011:
923:
886:
1853:
Lorna Oakes, Pyramids, Temples and Tombs of Ancient Egypt, Hermes House, 2003. p.207
5651:
5485:
5475:
5450:
5302:
5252:
5211:
4937:
4849:
4737:
4650:
4630:
4549:
4514:
4509:
4334:
4044:
3866:
3856:
3819:
3774:
3688:
3678:
3668:
3584:
3300:
3177:
2986:
2927:
2787:
2734:
2639:
1590:
1512:
1312:
1045:
2339:"Thutmose I," The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Ed. Donald Redford. Vol. 3
1365:
1578:, which is mainly observed in southern, western and central Asia (highest in the
5755:
5700:
5551:
5500:
5420:
5292:
5184:
5166:
5124:
5035:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4870:
4854:
4827:
4792:
4782:
4717:
4670:
4660:
4645:
4635:
4582:
4544:
4519:
4499:
4489:
4255:
4239:
4214:
4209:
4009:
3936:
3846:
3829:
3784:
3759:
3693:
3673:
3658:
3640:
3370:
3365:
3172:
2999:
2979:
2793:
2727:
2718:
2602:
1918:
Weinstein, James M. (1981). "The Egyptian Empire in Palestine: A Reassessment".
1571:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1508:
1504:
1460:
1236:
1133:, as a minority of scholars argue, Thutmose would have been crowned in 1526 BC.
1093:
1089:
1077:, by Ahmose. Wadjmose died before his father, and Nefrubity died as an infant.
1037:
1015:
988:
926:
882:
855:
88:
78:
2359:
2293:"22 Ancient Pharaohs Have Been Carried Across Cairo in an Epic 'Golden Parade'"
1471:
more than two centuries after his death, with offerings and rites honoring him.
5872:
5826:
5779:
5734:
5706:
5527:
5410:
5335:
5262:
5151:
4966:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4876:
4864:
4844:
4817:
4787:
4767:
4712:
4665:
4640:
4572:
4534:
4504:
4234:
4034:
4024:
3794:
3789:
3754:
3663:
3635:
3456:
3360:
3355:
3340:
3325:
3133:
3127:
3041:
2769:
2587:
2524:
1532:
1516:
1411:
1290:
Thutmose I organized great building projects during his reign, including many
1232:'. The last is believed to be the first historical reference to that kingdom.
1214:
1070:
1019:
859:
5812:
5727:
5690:
5616:
5610:
5537:
5517:
5234:
5216:
5161:
5141:
5004:
4839:
4822:
4772:
4625:
4592:
4587:
4529:
4328:
4149:
4102:
4014:
3991:
3764:
3630:
3599:
3167:
2993:
2874:
2611:
2155:
History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, Volume 4 (of 12),
1960:
Davies, Vivian (2017). "Nubia in the New Kingdom: the Egyptians at Kurgus".
1812:
1440:
1205:
1081:
1074:
871:
845:
4054:
2277:
1146:
1044:, was of non-royal parentage and may have been a lesser wife or concubine.
2199:
535:
382:
260:
137:
5882:
5877:
5866:
5833:
5748:
5741:
5695:
5667:
5661:
5626:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5206:
5146:
4989:
4961:
4554:
4484:
4296:
4282:
4262:
4224:
4136:
4081:
4039:
3871:
3841:
3804:
3749:
3594:
3471:
3376:
3320:
3215:
3122:
3116:
3105:
3071:
2955:
2941:
2934:
2921:
2885:
2625:
1713:
1500:
1336:
1239:. Initially these campaigns may have aimed at defeating the power of the
1176:
in victory and in the power of his return from overthrowing the wretched
1085:
1066:
1053:
1041:
897:
867:
20:
2157:
Project Gutenberg Ebook, Release Date: December 16, 2005. EBook #17324.
5859:
5798:
5641:
5325:
5136:
5130:
5118:
4999:
4994:
4931:
4910:
4755:
4707:
4607:
4597:
4322:
4219:
4189:
4171:
4160:
4143:
4095:
4088:
4019:
3941:
3589:
3397:
3383:
3295:
3246:
3152:
3095:
3046:
2879:
2869:
2849:
2782:
2632:
2511:
2268:
2251:
2159:
https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/7/3/2/17324/17324-h/v4c.htm#image-0047
1935:
1362:, which also contains a sarcophagus with the name of Thutmose I on it.
1229:
1225:
1134:
1118:
976:
54:
5766:
5636:
5273:
5156:
4761:
4732:
4602:
4577:
4369:
4303:
4129:
4122:
4049:
4004:
3998:
3824:
3744:
3330:
3157:
3110:
3064:
3036:
2962:
2840:
2799:
2681:
2646:
2618:
1540:
1520:
1328:
1307:
1240:
1221:
1167:
1058:
938:
247:
1927:
1597:
along with those of 17 kings and four queens in an event termed the
1014:—would date his reign to 1526–1513 BC. He was succeeded by his son
5852:
5631:
5621:
5599:
5257:
4166:
4154:
4067:
3984:
3835:
3769:
3431:
3253:
3100:
3058:
3052:
2844:
2803:
2674:
2667:
2653:
1492:
1479:
1465:
1406:
1364:
1318:
1299:
1281:
1267:
1247:
1220:
Textual sources from the time of Thutmose I include references to
1189:
1185:
1145:
992:
972:
746:
673:
372:
He whose years are perfect/beautiful, he who causes hearts to live
5604:
5594:
4984:
4859:
4060:
3390:
3210:
3192:
3077:
2859:
2854:
2688:
1456:
1452:
1415:
1388:
1384:
1359:
1355:
919:
915:
125:
5912:
5029:
4394:
3496:
2522:
2484:
1346:
Thutmose I was the first king who definitely was buried in the
987:. He received the throne after the death of the previous king,
3809:
2318:
1387:
in a double burial with his daughter Hatshepsut rather than
1327:
In addition to Karnak, Thutmose I also built statues of the
2480:
991:. During his reign, he campaigned deep into the Levant and
750:
546:
498:
405:
283:
162:
2250:
Habicht, M.E; Bouwman, A.S; Rühli, F.J (25 January 2016).
1585:
What was thought to be his mummy could be viewed in the
1286:
Court of the 4th pylon: obelisk of Thutmose I at Karnak
1184:
In the second year of Thutmose's reign, the king cut a
937:
Pylons IV and V, two obelisks, and a hypostyle hall at
45:
A stone head, most likely depicting Thutmose I, at the
1383:
Thutmose I was originally buried and then reburied in
1920:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
1018:, who in turn was succeeded by Thutmose II's sister,
971:
in older history works in Latinized Greek; meaning "
754:
677:
554:
511:
411:
386:
289:
264:
170:
141:
5565:
5550:
5391:
5363:
5348:
5311:
5283:
5243:
5225:
5175:
5108:
5093:
5060:
5051:
4975:
4952:
4885:
4808:
4746:
4698:
4683:
4616:
4563:
4475:
4460:
4425:
4416:
4313:
4272:
4180:
4112:
3960:
3728:
3713:
3649:
3623:
3575:
3560:
3527:
3518:
3447:
3407:
3282:
3267:
3201:
3143:
3086:
3027:
3012:
2902:
2831:
2816:
2717:
2601:
2586:
2553:
2544:
2113:
2111:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2065:
2063:
944:
933:
911:
903:
893:
877:
851:
837:
651:
474:
353:
227:
105:
84:
74:
60:
53:
28:
2417:
1964:. British Museum Publications on Egypt and Sudan.
1036:It has been speculated that Thutmose's father was
1294:and tombs, but his greatest projects were at the
34:Thutmosis, Tuthmosis, Thothmes in Latinized Greek
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1840:
1838:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1570:A 2020 genetic study performed by a team under
1567:populations and a “typical Nubian morphology”.
1555:
1553:Gaston Maspero described the mummy as follows:
1437:
1173:
1080:Thutmose had also one son by his another wife,
2006:
2004:
2002:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1700:
1698:
1003:
2496:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
1785:
1783:
1443:, Aakheperkare, the son of Re, Thutmosis the
8:
1354:. His tomb, however, has been identified as
6071:Pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
5909:
5562:
5360:
5105:
5057:
5048:
5026:
4695:
4472:
4422:
4413:
4391:
3725:
3572:
3524:
3515:
3493:
3279:
3024:
2828:
2598:
2550:
2541:
2519:
2503:
2489:
2481:
2149:
2147:
1052:of Thutmose, was probably the daughter of
781:
773:
758:
704:
696:
681:
583:
575:
558:
515:
415:
390:
293:
268:
174:
145:
102:
39:
25:
2389:Schwachstellen der Chronologie-Diskussion
2267:
2188:International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
1649:, Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988, p. 202.
1488:Thutmose I's mummy was discovered in the
1243:, who were formerly strong in this area.
2407:Shaw, Ian & Nicholson, Paul (1995).
1595:National Museum of Egyptian Civilization
2353:. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
1626:
1616:Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt Family Tree
1531:, as well as the 21st-dynasty pharaohs
1323:Stela of Thutmose I in the Cairo Museum
1298:under the supervision of the architect
1121:, assuming the observation was made at
1032:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree
159:
19:For the name Thutmose (Thutmosis), see
2327:Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten
1955:
1953:
1683:from the original on February 6, 2009
7:
70:1526 BC to 1513 BC (high chronology)
68:1506–1493 BC (low chronology)
2291:Parisse, Emmanuel (5 April 2021).
1832:Jürgen von Beckerath (1997), p.120
1768:Dodson & Hilton 2004: 126, 131
1306:constructed, with columns made of
493:Great is the manifestation of the
14:
2475:Hatshepsut: from Queen to Pharaoh
2391:. Göttinger Miszellen, Göttingen.
2256:Yearbook of Physical Anthropology
2128:"Dragging a Statue of Thutmose I"
2364:. Macmilian and Company, London.
2233:"Mummy awakens new era in Egypt"
1885:Steindorff and Seele (1942) p.35
1844:Steindorff and Seele (1942) p.34
1196:Campaign in the Levant and Syria
631:
539:
207:
2409:The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt
2231:Anderson, Lisa (14 July 2007).
1901:Shaw and Nicholson (1995) p.289
1084:, who was likely a daughter of
1004:generally dated to 1506–1493 BC
2346:Breasted, James Henry (1906).
1671:Bart, Anneke (February 2007).
1335:, buildings at Armant, Ombos,
1150:Map Of Egypt (15th century BC)
1:
5523:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
2325:Jürgen von Beckerath (1997).
1497:Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
1418:(Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)
659:
482:
361:
235:
113:
2329:. Verlag Philipp von Zabern.
1092:. This son succeeded him as
5456:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
2441:The Royal Mummies (reprint)
2424:. Oxford University Press.
2411:. The British Museum Press.
2382:. Librairie Arthéme Fayard.
1659:Ancient Egyptian Chronology
1484:Alleged mummy of Thutmose I
1433:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
6092:
4355:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
3739:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
3503:Second Intermediate Period
2380:A History of Ancient Egypt
2373:. Oxford University Press.
2341:. Oxford University Press.
1647:A History of Ancient Egypt
1369:Thutmose the First painted
1192:, at the second cataract.
1166:of the 12th Dynasty—to be
1029:
622:
549:
476:Prenomen (Praenomen)
450:
408:
329:
286:
198:
165:
18:
6017:
5919:
5908:
5806:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
5496:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
5047:
5025:
4412:
4401:Third Intermediate Period
4390:
3514:
3492:
2540:
2529:First Intermediate Period
2518:
1105:Dates and length of reign
658:
553:
481:
410:
360:
288:
234:
169:
112:
94:
38:
33:
6066:Ancient Egyptian mummies
6061:15th-century BC pharaohs
6056:16th-century BC pharaohs
5518:Cleopatra VII Philopator
3775:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
2533: (<3150–2040 BC)
2458:When Egypt Ruled the Est
2439:Smith, G Elliot (2000).
2378:Grimal, Nicolas (1988).
2349:Ancient Records of Egypt
1611:History of Ancient Egypt
1048:, who held the title of
975:is born") was the third
366:Nefer·renput S'ankh·ib·u
246:He who appears with the
124:Strong bull, beloved of
5491:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
5406:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
3700:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
2420:Exploring Ancient Egypt
2387:Helk, Wolfgang (1983).
2369:Gardiner, Alan (1964).
1599:Pharaohs' Golden Parade
1257:Rebellions in the south
240:Kha·em·neseret Aa·pehty
6046:16th-century BC births
5533:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
5512:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
5506:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
5461:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
5431:Arsinoe III Philopator
4345:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
3815:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
3755:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
3346:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
1862:Oakes, op. cit., p.207
1759:Steindorff (1942) p.36
1560:
1485:
1472:
1449:
1419:
1370:
1324:
1287:
1182:
1151:
1002:Thutmose I's reign is
5481:Ptolemy X Alexander I
5446:Ptolemy VI Philometor
5426:Ptolemy IV Philopator
5421:Berenice II Euergetes
5416:Ptolemy III Euergetes
5378:Philip III Arrhidaeus
3887:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
3882:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
3236:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
2462:University of Chicago
2371:Egypt of the Pharaohs
2361:Life in Ancient Egypt
2358:Erman, Adolf (1894).
2200:10.1002/oa.1390010317
2048:Gardiner (1964) p.170
1739:Gardiner (1964) p.179
1483:
1469:
1410:
1368:
1322:
1285:
1149:
1142:Military achievements
1069:, and two daughters,
922:; Mummy found in the
742:Ḏḥwty-ms(jw)-ḫˁ-mj-rˁ
5914:Dynastic genealogies
5538:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
4834:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
4748:High Priests of Amun
4250:Merankhre Mentuhotep
3952:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
3947:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
3800:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
3507: (2040–1550 BC)
3226:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
2176:Smith (2000) p.25-28
2078:Tyldesley, pp.123-24
2010:Breasted (1906) p.41
1996:Breasted (1906) p.27
1987:Breasted (1906) p.25
1871:Breasted (1906) p.28
1704:Gardiner 1964 p. 176
1622:Notes and references
1393:Karl Richard Lepsius
1156:Ahmose, son of Ebana
369:Nfr-rnpwt-s-ˁnḫ-jb.w
5436:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
5373:Alexander the Great
4405: (1550–664 BC)
3927:Mershepsesre Ini II
3922:Merkawre Sobekhotep
3316:Neferkare IV Khendu
2030:Grimal (1988) p.300
1798:Helk (1983) pp.47-9
1789:Grimal (1988) p.202
1725:Grimal (1988) p.203
1580:Indian subcontinent
1348:Valley of the Kings
1228:, and the 'land of
997:Valley of the Kings
959:(sometimes read as
929:(Theban Necropolis)
250:, great of strength
5773:Trebonianus Gallus
4360:Senakhtenre Ahmose
3978:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
3932:Sewahenre Senebmiu
3907:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
3336:Neferkare V Tereru
3306:Neferkare III Neby
2974:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
2416:Shaw, Ian (2003).
2269:10.1002/ajpa.22909
2218:9 May 2021 at the
2164:2011-09-17 at the
2153:Maspero, Gaston.
1978:Erman (1894) p.503
1486:
1473:
1420:
1371:
1325:
1288:
1152:
881:Unknown (possibly
739:Djehutymes Khamyre
6026:
6025:
6013:
6012:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5820:Claudius Gothicus
5714:Severus Alexander
5681:Septimius Severus
5546:
5545:
5344:
5343:
5089:
5088:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5012:
4728:Osorkon the Elder
4679:
4678:
4456:
4455:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4350:Nubkheperre Intef
4230:Sekhemre Shedwast
3852:Sehetepkare Intef
3780:Semenkare Nebnuni
3709:
3708:
3556:
3555:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3263:
3262:
3241:Netjerkare Siptah
3163:Neferirkare Kakai
3008:
3007:
2812:
2811:
2582:
2581:
2453:
2452:
2431:978-0-19-511678-6
2396:Maspero, Gaston.
2132:www.metmuseum.org
2039:Shaw (2003) p.168
1809:"Manetho's Kings"
1777:Erman (1894) p.43
1429:Theodore M. Davis
1278:Building projects
1010:rather than from
954:
953:
949:18th Dynasty
831:
830:
827:
826:
822:
821:
818:
817:
811:
810:
803:
802:
749:, appearing like
737:
736:
733:
732:
726:
725:
718:
717:
647:
646:
643:
642:
639:
638:
626:
625:
618:
617:
614:
613:
607:
606:
599:
598:
530:
529:
526:
525:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
454:
453:
448:
447:
444:
443:
402:
401:
398:
397:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
333:
332:
327:
326:
323:
322:
280:
279:
276:
275:
243:Ḫˁ-m-nsrt-ˁ3-pḥtj
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:
214:
202:
201:
194:
193:
190:
189:
157:
156:
153:
152:
118:Kanakht Meryma'at
6083:
6020:List of pharaohs
5910:
5675:Pescennius Niger
5563:
5559:
5558:
5471:Ptolemy IX Soter
5441:Cleopatra I Syra
5361:
5357:
5356:
5106:
5102:
5101:
5058:
5049:
5042:
5041:
5027:
4778:Djedkhonsuefankh
4696:
4692:
4691:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4443:
4438:
4423:
4414:
4407:
4406:
4392:
3985:Qareh Khawoserre
3971:Yakbim Sekhaenre
3912:Mersekhemre Ined
3726:
3722:
3721:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3525:
3516:
3509:
3508:
3494:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3025:
3021:
3020:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2551:
2542:
2535:
2534:
2520:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2482:
2444:
2435:
2423:
2412:
2403:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2354:
2342:
2335:Bleiberg, Edward
2330:
2319:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2262:(S61): 216–231.
2247:
2241:
2240:
2228:
2222:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2194:(3–4): 235–239.
2183:
2177:
2174:
2168:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2124:
2118:
2117:Tyldesley, p.126
2115:
2106:
2105:Tyldesley, p.125
2103:
2097:
2096:Tyldesley, p.124
2094:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2069:Tyldesley, p.122
2067:
2058:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2011:
2008:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1915:
1902:
1899:
1886:
1883:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1811:. Archived from
1805:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1740:
1737:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1402:Ahmose Nefertari
1296:Temple of Karnak
1088:and a sister of
1050:Great Royal Wife
782:
774:
759:
755:
705:
697:
682:
678:
660:
635:
634:
584:
576:
559:
555:
547:
543:
542:
536:
516:
512:
508:
483:
416:
412:
406:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:
362:
294:
290:
284:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:
236:
211:
210:
175:
171:
163:
146:
142:
138:
134:
133:
114:
103:
43:
26:
16:Egyptian pharaoh
6091:
6090:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6080:
6076:Egyptian Museum
6031:
6030:
6027:
6022:
6009:
5915:
5892:
5792:Macrianus Minor
5721:Maximinus Thrax
5657:Marcus Aurelius
5556:
5555:
5554:
5542:
5401:Ptolemy I Soter
5387:
5354:
5353:
5352:
5340:
5307:
5279:
5239:
5221:
5201:Psammetichus IV
5171:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5085:
5063:
5054:
5043:
5040:(664 BC–313 AD)
5039:
5038:
5009:
4971:
4948:
4944:Menkheperre Ini
4881:
4804:
4742:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4675:
4612:
4559:
4540:Neferneferuaten
4466:
4465:
4464:
4452:
4451:
4441:
4436:
4435:Pharaohs
4428:
4419:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4374:
4309:
4268:
4195:Sobekhotep VIII
4176:
4108:
3956:
3917:Sewadjkare Hori
3719:
3718:
3717:
3705:
3645:
3619:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3552:
3530:
3521:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3476:
3443:
3403:
3311:Djedkare Shemai
3273:
3272:
3271:
3259:
3197:
3139:
3082:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3004:
2898:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2808:
2713:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2578:
2556:
2547:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2514:
2509:
2471:
2454:
2438:
2432:
2415:
2406:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2357:
2345:
2333:
2324:
2316:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2237:Chicago Tribune
2230:
2229:
2225:
2220:Wayback Machine
2211:
2207:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2166:Wayback Machine
2152:
2145:
2136:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2014:
2009:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1928:10.2307/1356708
1917:
1916:
1905:
1900:
1889:
1884:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1818:
1816:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1743:
1738:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1673:"Ancient Egypt"
1670:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1607:
1587:Egyptian Museum
1478:
1381:
1376:
1280:
1272:viceroy of Kush
1259:
1198:
1144:
1111:heliacal rising
1107:
1102:
1034:
1028:
870:
866:
862:
858:
844:
833:
832:
823:
792:
766:
753:
744:
740:
738:
689:
676:
671:
665:
632:
588:
568:
563:
540:
502:
501:
492:
488:
439:
373:
371:
367:
317:
308:
303:
298:
251:
245:
241:
208:
179:
128:
123:
121:K3-nḫt-mrj-m3ˁt
119:
100:
69:
67:
49:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6089:
6087:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6051:1493 BC deaths
6048:
6043:
6033:
6032:
6024:
6023:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5890:
5888:Maximinus Daza
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5844:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5809:
5802:
5795:
5788:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5710:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5671:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5647:Antoninus Pius
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5571:
5569:
5560:
5557:(30 BC–313 AD)
5548:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5397:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5369:
5367:
5358:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5321:Artaxerxes III
5317:
5315:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5231:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5197:
5192:
5190:Petubastis III
5187:
5181:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5127:
5122:
5114:
5112:
5103:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5073:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5055:
5052:
5045:
5044:
5030:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4981:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4958:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4891:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4814:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4693:
4685:3 Intermediate
4681:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4470:
4467:(1550–1070 BC)
4458:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4410:
4409:
4395:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4325:
4319:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4278:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4200:Neferhotep III
4197:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4118:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4030:Sewadjkare III
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3999:Maaibre Sheshi
3995:
3992:'Ammu Ahotepre
3988:
3981:
3974:
3966:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3902:Merhotepre Ini
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3862:Sobekhotep III
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3734:
3732:
3723:
3720:(1802–1550 BC)
3715:2 Intermediate
3711:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3610:Mentuhotep III
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3570:
3567:(2040–1802 BC)
3562:Middle Kingdom
3558:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3512:
3511:
3499:Middle Kingdom
3497:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3462:Neferkare VIII
3459:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3429:
3427:Nebkaure Khety
3424:
3419:
3417:Meryibre Khety
3413:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3351:Neferkamin Anu
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3277:
3274:(2181–2040 BC)
3269:1 Intermediate
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3188:Djedkare Isesi
3185:
3183:Menkauhor Kaiu
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3056:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3022:
3019:(2686–2181 BC)
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2826:
2823:(3150–2686 BC)
2818:Early Dynastic
2814:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2704:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2607:
2605:
2596:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2538:
2537:
2523:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2469:External links
2467:
2466:
2465:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2436:
2430:
2413:
2404:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2355:
2343:
2331:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2283:
2242:
2223:
2205:
2178:
2169:
2143:
2119:
2107:
2098:
2080:
2071:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2012:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1949:
1903:
1887:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1846:
1834:
1825:
1800:
1791:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1741:
1727:
1718:
1706:
1694:
1663:
1651:
1643:Nicolas Grimal
1635:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1603:
1548:Gaston Maspero
1477:
1474:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1304:hypostyle hall
1279:
1276:
1258:
1255:
1197:
1194:
1143:
1140:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1040:. His mother,
1027:
1024:
952:
951:
946:
942:
941:
935:
931:
930:
913:
909:
908:
905:
901:
900:
895:
891:
890:
879:
875:
874:
853:
849:
848:
839:
835:
834:
829:
828:
825:
824:
820:
819:
816:
815:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
797:
794:
789:
786:
778:
777:
771:
768:
763:
735:
734:
731:
730:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
715:
712:
709:
701:
700:
694:
691:
686:
663:
656:
655:
649:
648:
645:
644:
641:
640:
637:
636:
629:
627:
624:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
608:
605:
604:
601:
600:
597:
596:
593:
590:
580:
579:
573:
570:
565:
551:
550:
544:
533:
531:
528:
527:
524:
523:
520:
504:
503:
486:
479:
478:
472:
471:
468:
467:
464:
463:
460:
459:
457:
455:
452:
451:
449:
446:
445:
442:
441:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
409:
403:
400:
399:
396:
395:
375:
374:
365:
358:
357:
351:
350:
347:
346:
343:
342:
339:
338:
336:
334:
331:
330:
328:
325:
324:
321:
320:
314:
311:
305:
300:
287:
281:
278:
277:
274:
273:
253:
252:
239:
232:
231:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
213:
212:
205:
203:
200:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
167:
166:
160:
158:
155:
154:
151:
150:
130:
129:
117:
110:
109:
101:
98:Royal titulary
96:
95:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
64:
58:
57:
51:
50:
47:British Museum
44:
36:
35:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6088:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6029:
6021:
6016:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5911:
5907:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5553:
5549:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5466:Cleopatra III
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5351:
5347:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5271:
5269:
5268:Nepherites II
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5224:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5096:
5092:
5082:
5079:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5050:
5046:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5024:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4799:Psusennes III
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4690:(1069–664 BC)
4686:
4682:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:Ramesses VIII
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4525:Amenhotep III
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4463:
4459:
4448:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4415:
4411:
4402:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4365:Seqenenre Tao
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4340:Sobekemsaf II
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4290:Wepwawetemsaf
4287:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3897:Merneferre Ay
3895:
3893:
3892:Wahibre Ibiau
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3877:Sobekhotep IV
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3716:
3712:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3684:Amenemhat III
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3615:Mentuhotep IV
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:Mentuhotep II
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3563:
3559:
3549:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3517:
3513:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3467:Wahkare Khety
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3422:Neferkare VII
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:Seth-Peribsen
2967:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:Hotepsekhemwy
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2702:Double Falcon
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2593:(pre-3150 BC)
2589:
2588:Protodynastic
2585:
2575:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2543:
2539:
2530:
2526:
2525:Protodynastic
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1922:(241): 1–28.
1921:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1815:on 2003-01-28
1814:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1682:
1678:
1677:euler.slu.edu
1674:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1490:Deir el-Bahri
1482:
1475:
1468:
1464:
1463:were stolen.
1462:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:canopic chest
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:Howard Carter
1394:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:Deir el-Bahri
1349:
1344:
1343:, and Quban.
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1284:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1164:Sesostris III
1161:
1157:
1148:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
950:
947:
943:
940:
936:
932:
928:
925:
924:Deir el-Bahri
921:
917:
914:
910:
906:
902:
899:
896:
892:
888:
887:Ahmose Sapair
884:
880:
876:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
854:
850:
847:
843:
840:
836:
813:
807:
806:
798:
795:
790:
787:
784:
783:
780:
779:
776:
775:
772:
769:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
752:
748:
743:
728:
722:
721:
713:
710:
707:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
695:
692:
687:
684:
683:
680:
679:
675:
670:
669:
662:
661:
657:
654:
650:
630:
628:
621:
609:
603:
602:
594:
591:
586:
585:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
571:
566:
561:
560:
557:
556:
552:
548:
545:
538:
537:
534:
532:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
506:
505:
500:
496:
491:
487:Aa·kheperkare
485:
484:
480:
477:
473:
458:
456:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
417:
414:
413:
407:
404:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
384:
381:
380:
377:
376:
370:
364:
363:
359:
356:
352:
337:
335:
315:
312:
306:
301:
296:
295:
292:
291:
285:
282:
271:
270:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
249:
244:
238:
237:
233:
230:
226:
206:
204:
197:
185:
182:
177:
176:
173:
172:
168:
164:
161:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
131:
127:
122:
116:
115:
111:
108:
104:
99:
93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
66:12 regnal yrs
65:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
6028:
5865:
5858:
5851:
5839:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5811:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5778:
5771:
5754:
5747:
5740:
5733:
5726:
5719:
5712:
5705:
5673:
5666:
5652:Lucius Verus
5609:
5510:
5486:Berenice III
5476:Cleopatra IV
5451:Cleopatra II
5383:Alexander IV
5303:Nectanebo II
5272:
5253:Nepherites I
5212:Artaxerxes I
5199:
5129:
5117:
5100:(664–332 BC)
5080:
5036:Roman Period
4938:Shoshenq VII
4936:
4909:
4869:
4850:Shoshenq III
4832:
4797:
4760:
4738:Psusennes II
4651:Ramesses VII
4631:Ramesses III
4515:Amenhotep II
4510:Thutmose III
4494:
4446:
4335:Sobekemsaf I
4327:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4261:
4254:
4159:
4142:
4137:'Aper-'Anati
4135:
4128:
4121:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4045:Sekheperenre
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3867:Neferhotep I
3857:Seth Meribre
3834:
3820:Djedkheperew
3737:
3698:
3689:Amenemhat IV
3679:Senusret III
3669:Amenemhat II
3585:Mentuhotep I
3547:
3436:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3301:Neferkare II
3252:
3245:
3178:Nyuserre Ini
3132:
3115:
3070:
3063:
3051:
2992:
2987:Neferkasokar
2985:
2978:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2891:
2884:
2792:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2735:Finger Snail
2733:
2726:
2706:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2573:
2447:
2443:. Duckworth.
2440:
2419:
2408:
2398:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2360:
2347:
2338:
2326:
2314:Bibliography
2300:. Retrieved
2297:ScienceAlert
2296:
2286:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2236:
2226:
2208:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2172:
2154:
2135:. Retrieved
2131:
2122:
2101:
2074:
2053:
2044:
2035:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1961:
1919:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1828:
1817:. Retrieved
1813:the original
1803:
1794:
1773:
1764:
1721:
1716:(2000) p.400
1709:
1685:. Retrieved
1676:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1629:
1584:
1576:haplogroup L
1569:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1513:Thutmose III
1487:
1450:
1438:
1421:
1382:
1345:
1326:
1313:Thutmose III
1289:
1260:
1252:
1245:
1234:
1219:
1203:
1199:
1183:
1174:
1153:
1108:
1079:
1046:Queen Ahmose
1035:
1001:
981:18th Dynasty
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:
741:
668:Ḏḥwtj-msj(w)
666:
490:ˁ3-ḫpr-k3-Rˁ
489:
368:
355:Golden Horus
242:
120:
5756:Gordian III
5701:Diadumenian
5501:Cleopatra V
5355:(332–30 BC)
5350:Hellenistic
5293:Nectanebo I
5185:Cambyses II
5167:Psamtik III
5125:Tefnakht II
4927:Takelot III
4922:Osorkon III
4917:Shoshenq VI
4871:Pedubast II
4855:Shoshenq IV
4828:Shoshenq II
4793:Pinedjem II
4783:Menkheperre
4718:Psusennes I
4671:Ramesses XI
4661:Ramesses IX
4646:Ramesses VI
4636:Ramesses IV
4583:Ramesses II
4545:Tutankhamun
4520:Thutmose IV
4500:Thutmose II
4490:Amenhotep I
4462:New Kingdom
4397:New Kingdom
4256:Senusret IV
4240:Dedumose II
4215:Nebiriau II
4210:Nebiryraw I
4205:Mentuhotepi
4010:Khakherewre
3937:Merkheperre
3847:Imyremeshaw
3830:Sedjefakare
3785:Sehetepibre
3760:Ameny Qemau
3694:Sobekneferu
3674:Senusret II
3659:Amenemhat I
3641:Iyibkhentre
3371:Neferirkare
3366:Neferkauhor
3173:Shepseskare
3014:Old Kingdom
3000:Khasekhemwy
2980:Neferkara I
2949:Weneg-Nebty
2794:Scorpion II
1572:Zahi Hawass
1537:Pinedjem II
1529:Ramesses IX
1525:Ramesses II
1509:Thutmose II
1505:Amenhotep I
1461:grave goods
1237:Amenhotep I
1094:Thutmose II
1090:Amenhotep I
1038:Amenhotep I
1016:Thutmose II
989:Amenhotep I
965:Tuthmosis I
927:royal cache
883:Amenhotep I
856:Thutmose II
664:Djehutymes
89:Thutmose II
79:Amenhotep I
75:Predecessor
6041:Thutmose I
6035:Categories
5873:Diocletian
5827:Quintillus
5780:Aemilianus
5735:Gordian II
5707:Elagabalus
5528:Arsinoe IV
5411:Arsinoe II
5336:Darius III
5263:Psammuthes
5152:Psamtik II
4967:Bakenranef
4905:Pedubast I
4900:Takelot II
4895:Harsiese A
4877:Osorkon IV
4865:Shoshenq V
4845:Osorkon II
4818:Shoshenq I
4788:Smendes II
4768:Pinedjem I
4713:Amenemnisu
4666:Ramesses X
4641:Ramesses V
4593:Amenmesses
4573:Ramesses I
4535:Smenkhkare
4505:Hatshepsut
4495:Thutmose I
4245:Montuemsaf
4235:Dedumose I
4035:Nebdjefare
4025:Merdjefare
3795:Nedjemibre
3790:Sewadjkare
3664:Senusret I
3636:Qakare Ini
3457:Meryhathor
3361:Neferkaure
3356:Qakare Iby
3341:Neferkahor
3326:Neferkamin
3134:Thamphthis
3128:Shepseskaf
3042:Sekhemkhet
2893:Horus Bird
2770:Scorpion I
2137:2021-11-16
1819:2017-06-20
1533:Pinedjem I
1517:Ramesses I
1495:above the
1412:Hatshepsut
1127:Heliopolis
1071:Hatshepsut
1030:See also:
1020:Hatshepsut
957:Thutmose I
860:Hatshepsut
229:Nebty name
107:Horus name
29:Thutmose I
6005:Ptolemaic
5813:Gallienus
5728:Gordian I
5691:Caracalla
5617:Vespasian
5611:Vitellius
5393:Ptolemaic
5235:Amyrtaeus
5217:Darius II
5162:Ahmose II
5142:Psamtik I
5081:uncertain
5069:Pharaohs
5005:Tanutamun
4840:Takelot I
4823:Osorkon I
4773:Masaharta
4723:Amenemope
4626:Setnakhte
4588:Merneptah
4530:Akhenaten
4447:uncertain
4329:Nebmaatre
4150:Sakir-Har
4103:Yaqub-Har
4015:Nebefawre
3765:Hotepibre
3631:Segerseni
3600:Intef III
3548:uncertain
3536:Pharaohs
3168:Neferefre
2994:Hudjefa I
2875:Semerkhet
2612:Hedju Hor
2574:uncertain
2562:Pharaohs
2351:, Vol. II
1968:: 65–106.
1944:164015977
1445:justified
1441:Two Lands
1206:Euphrates
1082:Mutnofret
1075:Nefrubity
961:Thutmosis
934:Monuments
872:Nefrubity
846:Mutnofret
85:Successor
5965:21 to 23
5883:Galerius
5878:Maximian
5867:Numerian
5834:Aurelian
5786:Valerian
5749:Balbinus
5742:Pupienus
5696:Macrinus
5668:Pertinax
5662:Commodus
5627:Domitian
5590:Claudius
5585:Caligula
5580:Tiberius
5575:Augustus
5195:Darius I
5147:Necho II
4990:Shebitku
4962:Tefnakht
4555:Horemheb
4485:Ahmose I
4297:Pantjeny
4283:Senebkay
4263:Pepi III
4225:Bebiankh
4082:Shenshek
4040:Nebsenre
3872:Sihathor
3842:Khendjer
3805:Renseneb
3750:Nerikare
3595:Intef II
3472:Merykare
3377:Wadjkare
3321:Merenhor
3216:Userkare
3123:Menkaure
3117:Bikheris
3106:Djedefre
3072:Qahedjet
2956:Wadjenes
2942:Horus Sa
2935:Nubnefer
2922:Nynetjer
2886:Sneferka
2626:Ni-Neith
2512:Pharaohs
2464:website)
2337:(2001).
2278:26808107
2216:Archived
2162:Archived
1714:Bleiberg
1681:Archived
1605:See also
1501:Ahmose I
1086:Ahmose I
1067:Wadjmose
1063:Amenmose
1054:Ahmose I
1042:Senseneb
969:Thothmes
918:, later
898:Senseneb
868:Wadjmose
864:Amenmose
852:Children
745:Born of
672:Born of
21:Thutmose
5860:Carinus
5841:Tacitus
5799:Quietus
5642:Hadrian
5326:Khabash
5157:Wahibre
5137:Necho I
5131:Nekauba
5119:Ammeris
5062:Dynasty
5000:Taharqa
4995:Shabaka
4932:Rudamun
4911:Iuput I
4756:Herihor
4708:Smendes
4608:Twosret
4598:Seti II
4442:female)
4427:Dynasty
4323:Rahotep
4220:Semenre
4190:Djehuti
4172:Khamudi
4161:Yanassi
4144:Salitis
4096:Yakareb
4089:Khamure
4020:Sehebre
3942:Merkare
3590:Intef I
3529:Dynasty
3438:Imhotep
3398:Iytjenu
3384:Khuiqer
3296:Menkare
3247:Neferka
3231:Pepi II
3153:Userkaf
3047:Sanakht
2870:Anedjib
2850:Hor-Aha
2783:Iry-Hor
2777:Shendjw
2749:Pen-Abu
2633:Hat-Hor
2555:Dynasty
2302:5 April
1936:1356708
1337:el-Hiba
1292:temples
1230:Mitanni
1226:Naharin
1168:dredged
1135:Manetho
1131:Memphis
1119:1517 BC
1008:Memphis
979:of the
977:pharaoh
945:Dynasty
907:1493 BC
838:Consort
55:Pharaoh
6000:Argead
5847:Probus
5767:Decius
5762:Philip
5637:Trajan
5365:Argead
5274:Muthis
5227:XXVIII
5207:Xerxes
5075:female
5053:Period
4762:Piankh
4733:Siamun
4603:Siptah
4578:Seti I
4418:Period
4370:Kamose
4304:Snaaib
4274:Abydos
4130:Semqen
4123:Sharek
4075:Sheneh
4055:'Apepi
4050:Bebnum
4005:Nehesy
3825:Sebkay
3745:Sonbef
3542:female
3520:Period
3331:Nikare
3221:Pepi I
3158:Sahure
3111:Khafre
3096:Snefru
3065:Sedjes
3037:Djoser
2963:Senedj
2841:Narmer
2800:Narmer
2682:Wazner
2647:Hsekiu
2619:Ny-Hor
2568:female
2546:Period
2448:
2428:
2276:
1942:
1934:
1687:16 May
1565:Nubian
1541:Siamun
1539:, and
1527:, and
1521:Seti I
1379:Burial
1333:Abydos
1329:Ennead
1264:Kurgus
1241:Hyksos
1222:Retenu
1160:Thebes
1123:Thebes
1115:Sothis
1059:Karnak
1026:Family
1012:Thebes
939:Karnak
912:Burial
894:Mother
878:Father
842:Ahmose
248:uraeus
5853:Carus
5632:Nerva
5622:Titus
5600:Galba
5567:XXXIV
5552:Roman
5331:Arses
5258:Hakor
5177:XXVII
4887:XXIII
4477:XVIII
4437:(male
4167:Apepi
4155:Khyan
4068:Wazad
3836:Wegaf
3770:Iufni
3624:Nubia
3432:Setut
3254:Nefer
3101:Khufu
3059:Khaba
3053:Nebka
2917:Nebra
2845:Menes
2804:Menes
2756:Stork
2719:Upper
2675:Neheb
2668:Thesh
2654:Khayu
2603:Lower
1940:S2CID
1932:JSTOR
1591:Cairo
1493:Cache
1476:Mummy
1374:Death
1341:Aniba
1308:cedar
1300:Ineni
1268:Semna
1248:Gezer
1190:Buhen
1186:stele
1100:Reign
993:Nubia
985:Egypt
973:Thoth
747:Thoth
674:Thoth
653:Nomen
62:Reign
5686:Geta
5605:Otho
5595:Nero
5313:XXXI
5298:Teos
5245:XXIX
5110:XXVI
5095:Late
5072:male
5032:Late
4985:Piye
4954:XXIV
4860:Pami
4810:XXII
4399:and
4315:XVII
4061:Nuya
3730:XIII
3539:male
3501:and
3391:Khui
3288:VIII
3211:Teti
3193:Unas
3078:Huni
2880:Qa'a
2860:Djet
2855:Djer
2763:Bull
2742:Fish
2708:Wash
2689:Mekh
2565:male
2426:ISBN
2304:2021
2274:PMID
1689:2023
1582:).
1457:KV38
1453:KV38
1416:KV20
1389:KV38
1385:KV20
1360:KV20
1356:KV38
1215:Nile
1178:Kush
1073:and
920:KV38
916:KV20
904:Died
126:Maat
5285:XXX
5034:to
4977:XXV
4700:XXI
4565:XIX
4182:XVI
3962:XIV
3810:Hor
3651:XII
3284:VII
3029:III
2865:Den
2661:Tiu
2527:to
2264:doi
2260:159
2196:doi
1924:doi
1589:in
1331:at
1211:Niy
1129:or
1113:of
983:of
963:or
885:or
497:of
6037::
5995:31
5990:30
5985:27
5980:26
5975:25
5970:24
5960:20
5955:19
5950:18
5945:12
5940:11
4618:XX
4550:Ay
4114:XV
3577:XI
3409:IX
3203:VI
3088:IV
2928:Ba
2904:II
2843:/
2802:/
2788:Ka
2640:Pu
2295:.
2272:.
2258:.
2254:.
2235:.
2190:.
2146:^
2130:.
2110:^
2083:^
2062:^
2015:^
2001:^
1952:^
1938:.
1930:.
1906:^
1890:^
1876:^
1837:^
1782:^
1744:^
1730:^
1697:^
1679:.
1675:.
1645:,
1601:.
1543:.
1535:,
1523:,
1519:,
1515:,
1511:,
1507:,
1503:,
1224:,
1109:A
1022:.
967:,
751:Ra
499:Ra
495:Ka
5935:4
5931:3
5928:2
5924:1
3449:X
3286:/
3145:V
2833:I
2728:A
2696:A
2504:e
2497:t
2490:v
2434:.
2402:.
2306:.
2280:.
2266::
2239:.
2202:.
2198::
2192:1
2140:.
1966:3
1946:.
1926::
1822:.
1691:.
1447:.
1180:.
889:)
23:.
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