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162:, the British took many books from the libraries collection of geography and history texts. These losses were followed by further thefts by local thieves. By 1940, the collection dwindled to less than 20,000 volumes. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to governmental effort and donations by private collectors, the collection recovered somewhat to about 30,000 volumes, mostly rare antique Ming dynasty printed and hand copied volumes.
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263:(1271–1368 AD) and had ushered in a new climax in the Ming dynasty. The examination scale was increasing. Publishers responded to the growing number of examination candidates to print brochures. Successful model exams were popular and widely available. A wide variety of books, ranging from cheap versions of popular novels to expensive reprints of classics have a wealth of content. The novels of the Ming and
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313:" has been incorporated into Tianyi Pavilion and transformed into "East Garden" as part of the garden. Tianyi Pavilion is part of the residential area of the Fan Family and the entire area of the traditional structure of the street and the alley has disappeared. It consists of three parts: West Park, South Park and East Park.
673:
Yan, Wei; Dong, Wei (2015) Context"Thinking of
Contemporary Urban History Space under the Basis of Enlightenment of Chinese Traditional Cultural Philology: Taking West Expansion Plan of Tianyi Pavilion as An Example». International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and
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to external forces was better. By the Ming dynasty, printing technology reached another peak. Chinese printers were able to produce illustrations of various colors, displaying various shades of colors and contrasting colors, imitating the hands of
Chinese masters of calligraphy and painting. At the
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Since 1989, the ancestral halls along the roads such as
Qinjiatang, Wen's family temple, Chen family museum, and some factory buildings have been incorporated into Tianyi Pavilion and have become a showcase of traditional culture. The area of Tianyi Pavilion has reached the peak including the main
272:. The possession of books increasingly tended to define social status. Collection books had also gained a powerful boost from publishing. As the books became cheaper, the number and scale of private libraries grew during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. A collection of several thousand
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that: Fan Qin divided his family property into two parts prior, the collection of books and other family production. The eldest son volunteered to abandon the inheritance rights of other family property, and inherited more than 70,000 volumes of books collected by his father. While the Fan's
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represented the pinnacle of
Chinese classical novels. Three of the four famous novels in China were completed and widely circulated in the Ming dynasty. From another perspective, it also illustrated the importance and prosperity of culture and books received in the
193:), a widely planted plant in China that has been a major source of papermaking fibers since the 8th century. Paper is traditionally made using natural materials, hand tools, utensils and naturally occurring reagents. This technology had further improved in the
372:
Tianyi
Pavilion thus increased its visibility among scholars. Since then, Tianyi Pavilion had gradually ended its external closure and is open to famous scholars, although there were not many scholars who had obtained this opportunity.
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to go upstairs to read the
Tianyige library books. Huang Zongxi became the first foreigner to enter Tianyi Pavilion. Huang Zongxi prepared a bibliography for Tianyi Pavilion and writes "Records of the collection in Tianyi Pavilion".
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Non-combustible materials were introduced into some key building components. For instance, using clay to wrap wood structures. Non-combustible masonry could be used to create partitions between two adjacent buildings and set
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descendants maintained and supplemented the
Tianyige collection, they also established ethnic rules that maintain the Tianyige collection, which stipulates that the books are shared by children and grandchildren.
256:, and commercialization and the sprouting of capitalism also appeared in the Ming dynasty. At the same time, the literacy rate and educational development have also been further improved during the Ming dynasty.
722:
683:
Grace Cheng, W.Y., Lo, S.M., Fang, Z. & Cheng, C.X. (2004) A view on the means of fire prevention of ancient
Chinese buildings – from religious belief to practice. Structural Survey, Vol. 22 Issue: 4,
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Newly built a room for stacking cargo. Tianyi
Pavilion experienced a new period of expansion. It is considered as a cultural heritage site that has been under national protection.
500:
599:
Tang, & Smith. (2014). A note on
Chinese Bamboo paper: The impact of modern manufacturing processes on its photostability. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 15(3), 331–335.
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visited Tianyi Ge, and ordered officials to draw schematics of Tianyi Ge's building plan and book cases as prototype to build several imperial libraries including
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Lin, H. (2015). Coloring the Book in Ming-Qing China: Polychrome Woodblock Printing, ca. 1600–1900 1. Quarterly Journal of Chinese Studies, 3(3), 33–49.
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In 1982, Tianyi Ge was established by the Chinese authorities as a National Heritage Site. The Qin Family Drama Stage is also located in the complex.
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Tianyi Pavilion Historic District is located in the middle and western part of the historical street of Yuehu West Street in the old city of
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The increasing availability and low cost of books had promoted the popularity of literacy. The examination exam had been canceled since the
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In 1676, Fan Qin's descendants passed out more than one hundred kinds of books to scholars for reading. He approved the famous scholar
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is linked to the element of water, thus it was believed by providing a watery name would protect the library against fire damage.
652:
Andrew H. Plaks, Four Masterworks of the Ming Novel (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987), esp. pp. 497–98.
643:
Yu, L., & Walker, Galal. (2003). A History of Reading in Late Imperial China, 1000–1800, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
102:, it is the oldest existing private library in China. At its peak, it boasted a collection of 70,000 volume of antique books.
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in certain key locations. In addition, the pool in the library could serve as a fire tank for fire protection.
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time, the artists' printers discovered and developed this technology, adding a strong color to their books
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Needham, Joseph. The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China 4. Cambridge University Press. 1994: 14.
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Tianyi Pavilion was restored and refurbished, and the front and back yards of the library were added.
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201:(1587–1666 AD) documented the work rolled up by the gradual process of this manufacture in his book
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309:. In the cultural undertakings of the feudal Chinese in the Ming dynasty, Wen Yuan's "
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616:. Bi Sheng... who first devised, about 1045, the art of printing with movable type
280:(equivalent to one thousand titles) were significant. Libraries with about 30,000
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of China, printing technology had continued to develop. In the late Yuan dynasty,
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Cheap bamboo papermaking. The bamboo paper is made from pulpy bamboo shoots (
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invented wooden printing. Compared with muddy characters, the resistance of
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634:
Van Zanden, Jan Luiten. (2015). Urbanization in China, ca. 1100–1900. 0063.
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body of the museum (library), the garden and the traditional architecture.
276:(bound chapters or volumes) were considered worthy of respect, and 10,000
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Rossabi, M. (2016). Imperial China, 1350–1900. Choice, 54(1), 99.
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Cultural expansion and social transformation in the 15th century
288:'s death (1585 AD), Tianyi Pavilion contained over 70 thousand
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The development of urbanization that began gradually in the
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refers to the concept of cosmic unity first described in a
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The Zhuangyuan Hall located within the Tianyi Ge compound
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Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Zhejiang
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Ming dynasty antique books in Tianyi Chamber collection
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China: The World's Oldest Living Civilization Revealed
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The walls were specially constructed to prevent fire.
743:Educational organizations established in the 1560s
698:"Records of the collection in Tianyi Pavilion"
443:Statue of Fan Qin, the founder of the chamber
431:The Zunjing Hall located within the Tianyi Ge
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207:(The Exploitation of the Works of Nature).
74:'One Sky Pavilion'), translated as
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219:invention of movable type printing in the
185:Technical improvements in paper production
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152:Complete Library of the Four Treasuries
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301:Position and the spatial distribution
82:, is a library and garden located in
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579:. Thames & Hudson. p. 299.
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510:, modeled after the Tianyi Chamber
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728:1561 establishments in China
342:Inheritance and development
141:in the Forbidden City, and
34:Tianyi Ge inscription board
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364:Documented in the book of
733:Ming dynasty architecture
545:29.872643°N 121.535506°E
467:Tianyi Chamber book case
522:List of Chinese gardens
377:Update and preservation
147:Chengde Mountain Resort
479:Qin family Drama Stage
407:Tianyi Chamber library
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573:John Makeham (2008).
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94:. Founded in 1561 by
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296:Introduction
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536:121°32′08″E
111:Han dynasty
98:during the
712:Categories
684:pp.201–209
560:References
533:29°52′22″N
382:1933–1934:
336:fire doors
217:typography
215:Since the
172:Background
158:After the
139:Wenyuan Ge
90:Province,
65:Tiān Yī Gé
18:Tian Yi Ge
229:wood type
225:Wang Zhen
143:Wenjin Ge
105:The name
48:Tianyi Ge
42:Tianyi Ge
516:See also
88:Zhejiang
394:Gallery
286:Fan Qin
145:in the
133:of the
107:Tian Yi
96:Fan Qin
52:Chinese
27:Library
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492:Majong
307:Ningbo
124:Tianyi
84:Ningbo
62::
60:pinyin
54::
388:1982:
119:. In
92:China
610:ISBN
581:ISBN
290:juan
282:juan
278:juan
274:juan
129:The
71:lit.
46:The
78:or
56:天一閣
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689:^
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197:.
86:,
68:;
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700:.
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50:(
20:)
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