1056:
practical purposes, self-incompatible—that is, they cannot pollinate themselves. Therefore each apple tree within the forest and even each pip, usually five, within each individual fruit will be different. There are many apples on a mature tree, so natural selection has a rich and diverse population upon which to work. Birds, of course, eat all manner of fruit. But most birds eat seeds—a dietary feature not conducive either to the selection or spread of a fruit tree. Sweet apples are often eviscerated by birds, but the seeds are frequently left in the empty shell of the pome. The reason is that apple (and pear and quince) seeds are rich in cyanoglycosides, which are highly repellent, particularly to birds... Moreover, the placenta of the apple fruit, the womb, contains inhibitory substances that prevent the germination of the apple seed in situ. This is a commonly observed phenomenon in fruits as
Michael Evenari showed in 1949. So what then does, or did, distribute the original apple seed? The bear...
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2070:
143:
685:
180:
150:
2084:
173:
52:
4143:
955:
759:
5134:
3530:
791:
779:
5146:
771:
938:, which stretches for 230 km north of Issyk Kul and connects to the mountain foreland near Alma Ata. The glacial glaciers from the Kungey Alatau also calved into Lake Issyk Kul, with the Ak-Sai valley glacier developing a mountain foreland glacier. The Chon-Kemin valley was glaciated up to its inflow into the Chu valley.
1055:
What natural features of the unique Tian Shan might have contributed to this rigorous selection program? Time is, as we have seen, not a problem. The turnover of individual trees is likewise conducive to the rapid evolution of a tree species, as is the fact that sweet apples are now, at least for all
917:
between the
Kokshaal-Tau mountain chain to the south and the Terskey Alatau mountain chain to the north. The Kokshaal-Tau extends for 570 km from Pik Dankowa in the west to Pik Pobeda in the east-northeast. This mountain chain, along with the parallel Terskey Alatau and the Tian Shan plateau in
989:
climate. This defined its ecological features which could sustain its distinctive ecosphere. The mountains were subjected to constant geological changes with constantly evolving drainage systems which affected the patterns of vegetation, as well as exposing fertile soil for newly emerging seedlings
941:
Altogether, the glacial Tian Shan glaciation occupied an area of approximately 118,000 square kilometers. The glacier snowline was about 1200m lower during the last ice age than it is today. This would result in a depression of the average annual temperature of 7.2 to 8.4 °C for the
661:
typically forms in the Tian Shan at elevations above 3,500-3,700 meters. Discontinuous permafrost can be found as low as 2,000 meters in specific locations influenced by unique topographical and climatic conditions, though it generally occurs between 2,700-3,300 meters altitude.
2606:
Kuhle, M. (2004). "The High
Glacial (Last Ice Age and LGM) glacier cover in High- and Central Asia. Accompanying text to the mapwork in hand with detailed references to the literature of the underlying empirical investigations". In Ehlers, J.; Gibbard, P. L. (eds.).
3025:
United
Nations University (2009) digital video "Finding a place to feed: Kyrgyz shepherds & pasture loss": Shepherd shares family's observations and adaptation to the changing climate in highland pastures of Kyrgyzstan's Tian Shan
1046:
Among the vegetation colonizing the Tian Shan came, likely via birds from the east, the ancestors of what we know as the "sweet" apple. The fruit probably then looked like a tiny, long-stalked, bitter apple something like
4200:
665:
The Tian Shan's glaciers are rapidly receding, losing 27% or 5.4 billion tons of ice annually since 1961— nearly four times the global average of 7%. By 2050, half of the remaining ice is projected to disappear.
2800:
926:
during glacial times. The only remaining interglacial remnant of this glaciation is the 61 km long South
Inylschek glacier. The outlet glacier tongues of the plateau glacier flowed northward down to Lake
3679:
4476:
2828:
4127:
4016:
2522:
4070:
2574:
Kuhle, M.; Schröder, N. (2000). "New
Investigations and Results on the Maximum Glaciation of the Kirgisen Shan and Tian Shan Plateau between Kokshaal Tau and Terskey Alatau". In Zech, W. (ed.).
3937:
3564:
4117:
2711:
Juniper, Barrie E. (2007). "The
Mysterious Origin of the Sweet Apple: On its way to a grocery counter near you, this delicious fruit traversed continents and mastered coevolution".
424:
350:
2549:
Kuhle, M. (1994). "New
Findings on the Ice-cover between Issyk-Kul and K2 (Tian Shan, Karakorum) during the Last Glaciation". In Zheng Du; Zhang Qingsong; Pan Yusheng (eds.).
5184:
397:
323:
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west 570 kilometres (350 mi) to the point where China, Kazakhstan, and
Kyrgyzstan meet. Here is the highest part of the range – the Central Tian Shan, with
2836:
4576:
4001:
2632:
Grosswald, M. G.; Kuhle, M.; Fastook, J. L. (1994). "Würm
Glaciation of Lake Issyk-Kul Area, Tian Shan Mts.: A Case Study in Glacial History of Central Asia".
2514:
4056:
3787:
3557:
3016:
5087:
4711:
2680:
1043:). The Tian Shan region also included important animals like bears, deer, and wild boar, which helped to spread seeds and expand ecological diversity.
4177:
889:
runs northeast towards the Talas Ala-Too and separates the upper Naryn basin from Fergana proper. The southern side of these mountains merge into the
142:
5177:
4290:
2058:
has the same meaning. The Chinese name Tian Shan is most likely a direct translation of the traditional Kyrgyz name for the mountains, Teñir Too.
4890:
5503:
5478:
5473:
3550:
3048:
4242:
3573:
2950:
2498:
2376:
5483:
5092:
4329:
2868:
2412:
98:
4237:
2807:
2779:
2046:, and the term is believed to refer to the Tian Shan rather than the range 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) further east now known as the
1821:
172:
2340:
5508:
5498:
5488:
5170:
5082:
2406:
4442:
766:(borders marked in red). The Tian Shan makes up large parts of southern Kyrgyzstan. The indentation on the west is the Fergana Valley
3733:
3064:
3041:
2616:
2558:
877:
there is an 800 kilometres (500 mi) group of mountains that curves west-southwest from south of Issyk Kul Lake separating the
715:(god mountains) run from 350 to 40 kilometres (217 to 25 mi) east of Ürümqi. Then there is a low area between Ürümqi and the
2438:
4589:
1978:, is the lord of all spirits and the religion's supreme deity, and it is the name given to the second highest peak of Tian Shan.
1097:
755:
in the south make a reversed Z or S, the northeast enclosing part of Dzungaria and the southwest enclosing the upper Ili valley.
5493:
4915:
4112:
3836:
5109:
5104:
236:
4835:
4612:
4488:
4459:
4413:
2034:
1995:
4895:
4805:
2747:
2701:
Great Courses: 'The Botanist's Eye'(DVD 2 chapter 7) by Catherine Kleier, PhD from California Polytechnic State University.
4454:
4381:
4170:
2003:
5114:
4566:
4880:
4865:
4423:
229:
91:
4900:
4830:
4905:
4594:
4435:
4104:
3595:
3533:
2102:
982:
The Tian Shan in its immediate geological past was kept from glaciation due to the "protecting" warm influence of the
670:
5119:
4747:
4795:
4526:
3236:
2897:"Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan: Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies"
2097:
681:
The Tian Shan have a number of named ranges which are often mentioned separately (all distances are approximate).
5193:
4910:
3782:
3739:
3641:
2576:
Pamir and Tian Shan. Contribution of the Quaternary History. International Workshop at the University of Bayreuth
2551:
Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Karakorum and Kunlun Mountains (ISKKM), Kashi, China, June 1992
31:
2993:
2467:
684:
576:(also known as Victory Peak) , shared by Kyrgyzstan and China. At 7,439 metres (24,406 ft) high, it is the
4875:
4706:
4408:
4276:
4272:
4163:
4100:
3702:
484:
402:
328:
4785:
4142:
4870:
4690:
4496:
4280:
3864:
2670:
597:
577:
4946:
4295:
4268:
3870:
2896:
971:) at altitudes of over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft); the lower slopes have unique natural forests of wild
4386:
5395:
5099:
5062:
4855:
3878:
3841:
3645:
1051:, the Siberian crab. The pips may have been carried in a bird's crop or clotted onto feet or feathers.
1007:
Ancestors of important crop vegetation were established and thrived in the area, among them: apricots (
5150:
4850:
4727:
4302:
3919:
3349:
3113:
943:
913:
The Tian Shan plateau, stretching 100 to 120 km wide, is located on the northern margin of the
5224:
5036:
5001:
4981:
4885:
4860:
4820:
4584:
4418:
4324:
4209:
4079:
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4011:
3991:
3806:
3797:
3688:
3649:
3361:
3248:
3216:
2165:
2051:
1111:
859:
488:
362:
288:
273:
2880:祁連山即天山也，匈奴呼天為祁連 (translation: Qilian Mountain is the Tian Shan, the Xiongnu called the sky qilian)
735:
which runs east northeast along Sino-Kazakh border. They start 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of
5468:
5431:
5219:
4815:
4810:
4757:
4632:
3952:
3874:
3772:
3759:
3505:
3423:
3303:
3263:
3242:
3230:
3159:
3108:
3081:
3073:
2916:
2728:
2651:
2583:
2189:
748:
720:
704:
604:
class these as the two northernmost peaks surpassing 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) in the world.
5405:
5291:
5410:
2973:. 1988. London: Marshall Editions Ltd. Reprint 1989. Sydney, NSW: Collins Publishers Australia.
5374:
5138:
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4777:
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967:
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51:
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2720:
2643:
2332:
2180:
2124:
2089:
2047:
1009:
898:
835:
783:
695:
In China the Tian Shan starts from about 600 to 400 kilometres (370 to 250 mi) east of
620:
5343:
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4376:
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3258:
3179:
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2150:
1021:
923:
902:
867:
831:
740:
723:
start just south of Ürümqi and run west-northwest 450 kilometres (280 mi) separating
627:
573:
532:
528:
524:
469:
461:
74:
3010:
491:. The western portion in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan was then listed in 2016.
954:
5077:
5011:
4976:
4941:
4790:
4642:
4430:
4366:
4309:
4264:
3884:
3636:
3440:
3408:
3383:
3342:
3313:
3298:
2434:
2267:
1093:
1073:
1001:
972:
959:
894:
882:
874:
847:
843:
827:
823:
795:
601:
558:
453:
2937:
The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West
758:
487:, the eastern portion of Tian Shan in western China's Xinjiang Region was listed as a
5462:
5441:
5400:
5286:
5021:
4991:
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4752:
4531:
4506:
4464:
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4398:
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3820:
3626:
3480:
3393:
3337:
3273:
3174:
3154:
2920:
2655:
1514:
1114:), (elevation 3,539 m (11,611 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
1048:
1039:
996:
originated in the Tian Shan Mountains. The plant then made its way to Turkey via the
935:
886:
855:
608:
550:
2515:"Central Asia Mountain Range Has Lost a Quarter of Ice Mass in 50 Years, Study Says"
862:('Ala-too' is a Kyrgyz spelling of Alatau). At the east end of the Talas Alatau the
5436:
5312:
5250:
5041:
5026:
4971:
4956:
4951:
4737:
4403:
4346:
4285:
3996:
3600:
3144:
2075:
2021:
1986:
One of the earliest historical references to these mountains may be related to the
1033:
983:
863:
851:
834:(shady and sunny Ala-Too). North of the Kyungey Ala-Too and parallel to it is the
815:
752:
554:
457:
4196:
696:
673:
was one of the first European to extensively document the Tian Shan in the 1850s.
2491:
PERMAFROST: Sixth International Conference. Proceedings. July 5–9, Beijing, China
5317:
5281:
5260:
5255:
5016:
5006:
4762:
4685:
4516:
4356:
4336:
4232:
3965:
3889:
3859:
3851:
3830:
3777:
3707:
3542:
3472:
3325:
3222:
1077:
914:
878:
819:
811:
736:
708:
651:
647:
635:
581:
504:
480:
57:
2493:, vol. 2, South China University of Technology Press, pp. 1105–1107,
5245:
5229:
4961:
4767:
4655:
4217:
4083:
4027:
4021:
3815:
3802:
3792:
3767:
3744:
3616:
3581:
3329:
3196:
3127:
2634:
2065:
919:
803:
763:
712:
700:
658:
589:
585:
566:
542:
The Tian Shan range extends eastwards for approximately 2,900 kilometers from
516:
512:
508:
222:
218:
214:
210:
251:
238:
113:
100:
5426:
5364:
5276:
5214:
5209:
5162:
5067:
4996:
4546:
4510:
4031:
3664:
3631:
3620:
3610:
3452:
3366:
3191:
3185:
3168:
2892:
2029:
2025:
1081:
997:
928:
806:
the mainline of the Tian Shan continues as Narat Range from the base of the
790:
778:
728:
724:
689:
643:
639:
611:, at 3,752 metres (12,310 ft), marks the border between Kyrgyzstan and
547:
3033:
1834:
Climate data for Tian Shan (Kyrgyzstan weather station), 1991–2020 normals
842:. West of the eye, the range continues 400 kilometres (250 mi) as the
56:
The Tian Shan range on the border of China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan with
2912:
934:
Similarly, strong glaciation was present in the high mountain area of the
5390:
5369:
4931:
4742:
4675:
4604:
4361:
4259:
4186:
3723:
3669:
3605:
2773:
1971:
807:
612:
562:
543:
536:
520:
476:
2732:
17:
5057:
4936:
4670:
4650:
4622:
4227:
4122:
3975:
3909:
3894:
3826:
3712:
3659:
3402:
3210:
2724:
2647:
1987:
986:
2459:
770:
414:
340:
5447:
4680:
4665:
4660:
4222:
2990:
2858:
2132:
2043:
2011:
1975:
890:
839:
654:
is a prominant feature in the mountain range's northwestern section.
616:
81:
2466:. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
4627:
4471:
4319:
4155:
4095:
3749:
1027:
1015:
993:
976:
953:
789:
777:
769:
757:
731:
basin. Their north end abuts on the 200 kilometres (120 mi)
683:
593:
569:
in the east, as defined by both Western and Chinese cartography.
464:
at 7,439 metres (24,406 ft) high. Its lowest point is at the
206:
2979:. Eleventh Edition. 2003. London, England: Times Books Group Ltd.
3655:
3009:
2055:
946:
compared with today, assuming a comparable precipitation ratio.
483:, which can be translated as "Lord of the Spirits". At the 2013
5166:
4159:
4052:
3546:
3037:
858:, the south side of which is the 200 kilometres (120 mi)
452:, meaning the "Mountains of God/Heaven", is a large system of
4141:
1084:
and killing half of Europe's population in the mid 1300s.
965:
The Tian Shan holds important forests of Schrenk's spruce (
1080:
may have originated in the Tian Shan, spreading along the
2553:. Beijing: China Meteorological Press. pp. 185–197.
822:. West of this, the Tian Shan split into an 'eye', with
854:
and then Kazakhstan from the upper valley of the river
2611:. Vol. 3. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 175–199.
2489:
Gorbunov, A.P. (1993), "Geocryology in Mt. Tianshan",
2371:. USA: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 378.
596:
tripoint and at 7,010 metres (23,000 ft), is the
2544:
2542:
2540:
2367:
Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980).
499:
The Tian Shan range is located north and west of the
5419:
5383:
5357:
5331:
5300:
5269:
5238:
5202:
5050:
4924:
4776:
4720:
4699:
4641:
4603:
4575:
4487:
4208:
3984:
3951:
3928:
3850:
3758:
3687:
3580:
3471:
3392:
3324:
3284:
3153:
3080:
2601:
2599:
420:
410:
393:
385:
377:
369:
360:
346:
336:
319:
311:
303:
295:
286:
272:
267:
228:
202:
129:
90:
80:
70:
65:
39:
2934:
826:in its center. The south side of the lake is the
3020:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. 909–911.
2362:
2360:
2358:
2173:
794:Snow-capped peaks of the Tian Shan seen from an
2833:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2197:
1053:
30:"Tianshan" redirects here. For other uses, see
4026:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
3615:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
2609:Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology
5178:
4171:
4064:
4002:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
3558:
3049:
2933:Mallory, J. P. & Mair, Victor H. (2000).
2312:
2310:
2028:, is the Xiongnu word for "sky" or "heaven".
8:
2748:"DNA analysis reveals source of Black Death"
2260:
2254:
2239:
2233:
2218:
2212:
2158:
619:ranges in the northern Tian Shan is home to
2578:. Bayreuth, University Bayreuth. p. 8.
2321:. Vol. IV (3rd ed.). p. 281.
2281:
2275:
2142:
5185:
5171:
5163:
5088:East Turkistan National Awakening Movement
4712:Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
4178:
4164:
4156:
4071:
4057:
4049:
3565:
3551:
3543:
3056:
3042:
3034:
2977:The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World
2588:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1830:
1106:
36:
931:, calving in this 160 km long lake.
27:System of mountain ranges in Central Asia
2282:
2261:
2240:
531:, while to north and east, it meets the
4291:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
2941:. London: Thames & Hudson. p.
2390:
2388:
2306:
2114:
905:, which continues almost to Samarkand.
580:. The Tian Shan's second highest peak,
359:
5270:Four Sacred Tibetan Buddhist Mountains
5239:Four Sacred Chinese Buddhist Mountains
4128:Silk Roads: Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor
2581:
553:, resulting from the collision of the
479:. Its second-highest peak is known as
4243:Chief Official of the Western Regions
2864:漢書: 顏師古註 Hanshu: Yan Shigu Commentary
2829:"Tian Shan Climate Normals 1991-2020"
2401:. Stacey International. p. 163.
650:that originate in the Tian Shan. The
527:. To the south, it connects with the
507:. It straddles the border regions of
419:
409:
392:
384:
376:
368:
345:
335:
318:
310:
302:
294:
285:
7:
5145:
4330:Turkic settlement of the Tarim Basin
2671:"How the apple took over the planet"
2525:from the original on August 18, 2015
2415:from the original on 14 January 2023
2395:Wilkinson, Philip (2 October 2003).
2169:
626:The Tian Shan is separated from the
468:, which is 154 m (505 ft)
4238:Protectorate of the Western Regions
2808:China Meteorological Administration
2780:China Meteorological Administration
2683:from the original on August 9, 2020
2208:
2042:in relation to the homeland of the
1822:China Meteorological Administration
918:between, were covered by connected
866:range runs southeast enclosing the
546:, Uzbekistan. It forms part of the
5083:East Turkistan Government in Exile
4891:2014 China–Vietnam border shootout
3961:Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
25:
2754:from the original on 18 June 2022
2669:Janik, Erika (October 25, 2011).
179:
149:
5144:
5133:
5132:
4590:Xinjiang Agricultural University
3696:Ancient Building Complex in the
3678:
3529:
3528:
2513:Naik, Gautam (August 17, 2015).
2470:from the original on 7 July 2018
2343:from the original on 5 July 2019
2082:
2068:
572:The Tian Shan's highest peak is
178:
171:
148:
141:
60:(7,010 m) visible at center
50:
4916:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
4113:Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
3837:Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries
2971:The Contemporary Atlas of China
2871:from the original on 2023-01-14
2441:from the original on 2013-06-27
2154:
615:. The lower-altitude, forested
565:era. The range encompasses the
4836:September 2009 Xinjiang unrest
4460:Second East Turkestan Republic
4414:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
2319:History of the Asiatic Nations
2276:
2219:
2137:
2035:Records of the Grand Historian
2016:
2007:
1999:
1:
5504:World Heritage Sites in China
5479:Mountain ranges of Kyrgyzstan
5474:Mountain ranges of Kazakhstan
4728:Apak Khoja and Xiang Fei Tomb
4455:First East Turkestan Republic
4382:Dzungar conquest of Altishahr
3574:World Heritage Sites in China
2746:Hunt, Katie (June 15, 2022).
1098:Köppen climate classification
873:As for the area south of the
739:in Kazakhstan and end at the
584:(King Heaven), straddles the
460:. The highest peak is at the
86:7,439 m (24,406 ft)
5301:Four Sacred Taoist Mountains
4881:2013 Tiananmen Square attack
4866:Tianjin Airlines Flight 7554
4424:Holy War of the Seven Khojas
3713:Kaiping Diaolou and Villages
3008:Bealby, John Thomas (1911).
2464:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
2369:Natural Wonders of the World
2174:
2159:
1110:Climate data for Tian Shan (
838:in Kazakhstan just south of
485:Conference on World Heritage
162:Show map of Continental Asia
5484:Mountain ranges of Xinjiang
4906:Assassination of Juma Tayir
4595:Xinjiang Medical University
3596:Classical Gardens of Suzhou
2991:Russian mountaineering site
2255:
2234:
2213:
2198:
2103:Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky
1587:Average precipitation days
1373:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1233:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1000:and became a symbol of the
688:Tian Shan with the ancient
623:-speaking pastoral tribes.
598:highest point of Kazakhstan
578:highest point in Kyrgyzstan
561:tectonic plates during the
475:The Tian Shan is sacred in
45:Tengri Tagh, Tengir-Too, 天山
5525:
5110:China–Kyrgyzstan relations
5105:China–Kazakhstan relations
4472:People's Republic of China
3237:Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains
2337:Aga Khan Trust for Culture
2098:Tectonics of the Tian Shan
1952:
1833:
1819:
1109:
503:and directly north of the
363:UNESCO World Heritage Site
289:UNESCO World Heritage Site
29:
5509:Sacred mountains of China
5499:Sites along the Silk Road
5489:Geography of Central Asia
5195:Sacred Mountains of China
5128:
4911:Xinjiang internment camps
4194:
4139:
4090:
3783:Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
3740:Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art
3676:
3526:
3071:
2806:(in Simplified Chinese).
2778:(in Simplified Chinese).
2271:
2250:
2229:
2193:
2147:'Heaven Mountain'
2128:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1772:
1725:
1677:
1633:
1586:
1512:
1442:
1372:
1302:
1232:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
434:
430:
356:
282:
134:
49:
44:
32:Tianshan (disambiguation)
5115:China–Pakistan relations
4896:April 2014 Ürümqi attack
4876:June 2013 Shanshan riots
4806:1997 Ürümqi bus bombings
4567:Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
3703:Historic Centre of Macau
3589:Archaeological Ruins of
3065:Mountain ranges of China
3029:Accessed 1 December 2009
2901:Journal of World History
2802:
2775:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data
2774:
2317:Prichard, James (1844).
5384:Five Garrison Mountains
4871:April 2013 Bachu unrest
4691:Chinese Islamic cuisine
4094:Cold Winter Deserts of
3895:Ancient City of Pingyao
3865:Chengde Mountain Resort
3017:Encyclopædia Britannica
2020:), which, according to
901:). West of this is the
830:and the north side the
782:In the Karakol valley (
5494:Geography of East Asia
5448:Nyidên, Dabba (Yading)
5420:Other Sacred Mountains
5358:Three Famous Mountains
5332:Three Sacred Mountains
5120:China–Turkey relations
4901:May 2014 Ürümqi attack
4831:July 2009 Ürümqi riots
4436:Reconquest of Xinjiang
4296:Four Garrisons of Anxi
4147:
3871:Putuo Zongcheng Temple
3768:Chengjiang Fossil Site
3722:Historic Monuments of
2801:"Experience Template"
2272:Tyan-Shan / Tangritog‘
2184:
1066:
962:
799:
787:
775:
767:
751:in the middle and the
692:
5100:World Uyghur Congress
5093:Independence movement
5063:Migration to Xinjiang
4856:Pishan hostage crisis
4145:
3842:Three Parallel Rivers
3646:Cemetery of Confucius
2913:10.1353/jwh.2001.0034
2333:"Ensemble Tengir-Too"
1019:spp.), pomegranates (
957:
793:
781:
773:
761:
687:
278:Mesozoic and Cenozoic
114:42.03500°N 80.12556°E
5446:Three Holy Peaks of
5442:Qomolangma (Everest)
5203:Five Great Mountains
4851:2011 Kashgar attacks
4796:1992 Ürümqi bombings
4748:Grand Bazaar, Ürümqi
4527:Gurbantünggüt Desert
4303:Beiting Protectorate
4080:World Heritage Sites
3920:Beijing Central Axis
3734:Gaocheng Observatory
3114:Tarbagatai Mountains
2256:Tengir-Too / Ala-Too
1163:Record high °C (°F)
958:Koldeneng Valley in
944:Last Glacial Maximum
444:, also known as the
5037:Ghulam Osman Yaghma
4886:2014 Kunming attack
4861:2012 Yecheng attack
4821:2008 Kashgar attack
4721:Visitor attractions
4585:Xinjiang University
4547:Karakoram Mountains
4419:Afaqi Khoja revolts
4325:Kara-Khanid Khanate
4123:Tamgaly Petroglyphs
4038:Badain Jaran Desert
4034:of China (Phase II)
3807:Leshan Giant Buddha
3650:Kong Family Mansion
3362:Zhongtiao Mountains
3249:Gaoligong Mountains
3217:Bayan Har Mountains
2519:Wall Street Journal
2460:"Western Tien-Shan"
2283:تيەن-شەن / تەڭرىتاغ
2277:Тян-Шан / Тангритоғ
2262:تەڭىر-توو / الا-توو
2251:Теңир-Тоо / Ала-Тоо
2241:تٵڭٸرتاۋى / الاتاۋ
2052:Tannu-Ola mountains
1996:traditional Chinese
1883:Daily mean °C (°F)
1634:Average snowy days
1443:Record low °C (°F)
1303:Daily mean °C (°F)
1112:Urumqi Glacier No.1
920:ice-stream-networks
860:Talas Ala-Too Range
489:World Heritage Site
248: /
110: /
5287:Rinpoche (Kailash)
4816:2008 Uyghur unrest
4811:2007 Xinjiang raid
4786:1989 Ürümqi unrest
4633:Tocharian clothing
4148:
4146:Flag of Kazakhstan
3875:Xumi Fushou Temple
3773:Dazu Rock Carvings
3623:of China (Phase I)
3534:Landforms of China
3506:Yuecheng Mountains
3424:Jingshan Mountains
3304:Changbai Mountains
3264:Qionglai Mountains
3243:Hengduan Mountains
3231:Tanggula Mountains
3109:Borohoro Mountains
3074:Geography of China
2996:2013-04-24 at the
2725:10.1511/2007.63.44
2713:American Scientist
2648:10.1007/BF00812878
2235:Täñırtauy / Alatau
2230:Тәңіртауы / Алатау
2050:. The name of the
2004:simplified Chinese
1037:) and mulberries (
963:
800:
788:
776:
768:
749:Borohoro Mountains
747:in the north, the
721:Borohoro Mountains
693:
638:to the south. The
411:Reference no.
337:Reference no.
119:42.03500; 80.12556
66:Highest point
5456:
5455:
5160:
5159:
5073:Chinese Turkestan
4846:2011 Hotan attack
4841:2010 Aksu bombing
4826:Shaoguan incident
4778:Xinjiang conflict
4733:Flaming Mountains
4623:Meshrep gathering
4542:Turpan Depression
4537:Taklamakan Desert
4521:Southern Xinjiang
4477:PRC incorporation
4443:Republic of China
4387:Dzungar–Qing Wars
4250:Kingdom of Khotan
4153:
4152:
4133:Western Tien-Shan
4046:
4045:
4007:South China Karst
3971:Xinjiang Tianshan
3730:Shaolin Monastery
3540:
3539:
3518:Western Mountains
3513:Longmen Mountains
3496:Nanling Mountains
3486:Daliang Mountains
3463:Xuefeng Mountains
3436:Jiuling Mountains
3431:Luoxiao Mountains
3379:Yandang Mountains
3356:Taihang Mountains
3350:Lüliang Mountains
3254:Yunling Mountains
3097:Dzungarian Alatau
3030:
3011:"Tian-shan"
2952:978-0-500-05101-6
2500:978-7-5623-0484-5
2398:Myths and Legends
2378:978-0-89577-087-5
2145:
1957:
1956:
1827:
1826:
1775:possible sunshine
1680:relative humidity
1092:Tian Shan has an
1072:which caused the
1062:Barrie E. Juniper
968:Picea schrenkiana
745:Dzungarian Alatau
733:Dzungarian Alatau
717:Turfan Depression
669:Russian explorer
632:Taklimakan Desert
501:Taklamakan Desert
466:Turpan Depression
438:
437:
406:
373:Western Tien-Shan
332:
299:Xinjiang Tianshan
230:Range coordinates
192:Show map of China
16:(Redirected from
5516:
5196:
5187:
5180:
5173:
5164:
5148:
5147:
5136:
5135:
4557:Kunlun Mountains
4392:Dzungar genocide
4352:Chagatai Khanate
4315:Uyghur Khaganate
4255:Sixteen Kingdoms
4180:
4173:
4166:
4157:
4108:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4050:
3985:Multiple regions
3915:Yungang Grottoes
3905:Temple of Heaven
3881:
3833:
3736:
3718:Longmen Grottoes
3698:Wudang Mountains
3682:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3544:
3532:
3531:
3458:Wuling Mountains
3446:Wugong Mountains
3419:Wudang Mountains
3205:Kunlun Mountains
3145:Liupan Mountains
3133:Qilian Mountains
3122:Kunlun Mountains
3058:
3051:
3044:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3013:
2957:
2956:
2940:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2835:. Archived from
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2642:(2/3): 273–310.
2629:
2623:
2622:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2546:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2510:
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2475:
2456:
2450:
2449:
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2431:
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2424:
2422:
2420:
2392:
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2329:
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2314:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2278:
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2258:
2252:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2201:
2195:
2177:
2171:
2162:
2156:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2130:
2119:
2092:
2090:Mountains portal
2087:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2048:Qilian Mountains
2018:
2009:
2001:
1831:
1590:
1107:
1076:now know as the
1064:
1010:Prunus armeniaca
899:Trans-Alay Range
836:Trans-Ili Alatau
784:Issyk-Kul Region
774:Map of Tian Shan
709:Barkol Mountains
703:(Hami) with the
400:
326:
263:
262:
260:
259:
258:
253:
249:
246:
245:
244:
241:
193:
182:
181:
175:
163:
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145:
125:
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120:
115:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
54:
37:
21:
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5459:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5415:
5379:
5353:
5327:
5296:
5265:
5234:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5161:
5156:
5124:
5046:
5032:Shirzat Bawudun
4987:Saifuddin Azizi
4920:
4801:Ghulja incident
4772:
4716:
4707:Cotton industry
4695:
4637:
4599:
4571:
4562:Pamir Mountains
4552:Altai Mountains
4483:
4377:Dzungar Khanate
4372:Yarkent Khanate
4204:
4190:
4184:
4154:
4149:
4137:
4099:
4086:
4077:
4047:
4042:
3980:
3976:Qinghai Hoh Xil
3947:
3924:
3868:
3846:
3824:
3812:Mount Qingcheng
3754:
3727:
3683:
3674:
3576:
3571:
3541:
3536:
3522:
3501:Jiuyi Mountains
3491:Dalou Mountains
3467:
3414:Dabie Mountains
3388:
3372:Tianmu Mountain
3320:
3309:Wanda Mountains
3294:Greater Khingan
3280:
3269:Daxue Mountains
3259:Ailao Mountains
3180:Pamir Mountains
3157:
3149:
3140:Helan Mountains
3091:Altai Mountains
3076:
3067:
3062:
3007:
2998:Wayback Machine
2987:
2982:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2891:
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2886:
2874:
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2111:
2088:
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2074:
2069:
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1984:
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1958:
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1187:
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1177:
1172:
1167:
1090:
1065:
1060:
1022:Punica granatum
952:
924:plateau glacier
911:
903:Turkestan Range
893:in Tajikistan (
868:Suusamyr Valley
832:Kyungey Ala-Too
741:Dzungarian Gate
679:
628:Tibetan Plateau
574:Jengish Chokusu
533:Altai Mountains
529:Pamir Mountains
525:Northwest China
497:
470:below sea level
462:Jengish Chokusu
454:mountain ranges
365:
291:
256:
254:
250:
247:
242:
239:
237:
235:
234:
198:
197:
196:
195:
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183:
166:
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160:
159:
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118:
116:
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96:
75:Jengish Chokusu
61:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5522:
5520:
5512:
5511:
5506:
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5496:
5491:
5486:
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5454:
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5444:
5439:
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5085:
5080:
5078:East Turkestan
5075:
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5065:
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5054:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5034:
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5024:
5019:
5014:
5012:Zhang Chunxian
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4977:Ehmetjan Qasim
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4942:Jahangir Khoja
4939:
4934:
4928:
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4908:
4903:
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4843:
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4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4791:Barin uprising
4788:
4782:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4715:
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4703:
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4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4613:Doppa Festival
4609:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
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4469:
4468:
4467:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4431:General of Ili
4428:
4427:
4426:
4416:
4411:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4374:
4369:
4367:Turpan Khanate
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4310:Tibetan Empire
4307:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4283:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4246:
4245:
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4230:
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4220:
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4212:
4206:
4205:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4160:
4151:
4150:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4053:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3885:Forbidden City
3882:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3825:including the
3818:
3809:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3728:including the
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3693:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3653:
3639:
3637:Wuyi Mountains
3634:
3629:
3624:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3586:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3547:
3538:
3537:
3527:
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3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3493:
3488:
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3477:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3441:Mufu Mountains
3438:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3411:
3409:Daba Mountains
3406:
3398:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3384:Wuyi Mountains
3381:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3343:Lang Mountains
3334:
3332:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3314:Qian Mountains
3311:
3301:
3299:Lesser Khingan
3296:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3239:
3234:
3227:
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3220:
3213:
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3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
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3172:
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3137:
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3130:
3118:
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3069:
3068:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3022:
3005:
3000:
2986:
2985:External links
2983:
2981:
2980:
2974:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2951:
2925:
2907:(2): 261–291,
2884:
2861:(2015-08-20).
2850:
2820:
2792:
2765:
2738:
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2661:
2624:
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2408:978-1900988612
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2100:
2094:
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2079:
2063:
2060:
1983:
1980:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1955:
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1939:
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1760:
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1730:
1728:sunshine hours
1723:
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1710:
1707:
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1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1094:alpine climate
1089:
1086:
1074:bubonic plague
1068:The strain of
1058:
1002:Ottoman Empire
990:to thrive in.
960:Ili Prefecture
951:
948:
910:
907:
895:Alay Mountains
883:Fergana Valley
875:Fergana Valley
844:Kyrgyz Ala-Too
828:Terskey Alatau
824:Issyk Kul Lake
796:Issyk Kul Lake
678:
675:
496:
493:
436:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
422:
418:
417:
412:
408:
407:
395:
391:
390:
387:
383:
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379:
375:
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367:
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348:
344:
343:
338:
334:
333:
321:
317:
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309:
308:
305:
301:
300:
297:
293:
292:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:
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270:
269:
265:
264:
232:
226:
225:
204:
200:
199:
185:
184:
177:
176:
170:
169:
168:
167:
155:
154:
147:
146:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
127:
126:
94:
88:
87:
84:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
63:
62:
55:
47:
46:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5521:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
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5492:
5490:
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5475:
5472:
5470:
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5449:
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5443:
5440:
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5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
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5299:
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5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
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5272:
5268:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5225:Heng (Shanxi)
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5176:
5174:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5153:
5152:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5058:Uyghur people
5056:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5022:Salih Hudayar
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4992:Rebiya Kadeer
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4967:Sabit Damolla
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4753:Id Kah Mosque
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
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4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
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4648:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4591:
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4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4532:Kumtag Desert
4530:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4508:
4507:Junggar Basin
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4465:Ili Rebellion
4463:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4448:Xinjiang Wars
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4399:Kumul Khanate
4397:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4342:Mongol Empire
4340:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4181:
4176:
4174:
4169:
4167:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4144:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4074:
4069:
4067:
4062:
4060:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3943:Mukden Palace
3941:
3939:
3938:Koguryo sites
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:Summer Palace
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3879:Puning Temple
3876:
3872:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3821:Potala Palace
3819:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3689:South Central
3686:
3681:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Mount Sanqing
3625:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3591:Liangzhu City
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3563:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3535:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:Cang Mountain
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3338:Yin Mountains
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3275:
3274:Min Mountains
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:Transhimalaya
3173:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3156:
3155:Qinghai-Tibet
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2954:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2895:(Fall 2001),
2894:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2839:on 2024-04-14
2838:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2809:
2805:
2796:
2793:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2766:
2753:
2749:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2618:0-444-51462-7
2614:
2610:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2577:
2570:
2567:
2562:
2560:7-5029-1800-0
2556:
2552:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2482:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2295:
2269:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2170:𐰴𐰣 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃
2167:
2164:
2161:
2152:
2149:
2140:
2134:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2080:
2077:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1960:
1953:Source: NOAA
1951:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1837:
1832:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:Mean monthly
1724:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1585:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1515:precipitation
1511:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1049:Malus baccata
1044:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1031:), cherries (
1030:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
988:
985:
980:
978:
974:
970:
969:
961:
956:
949:
947:
945:
939:
937:
936:Kungey Alatau
932:
930:
925:
921:
916:
908:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
887:Fergana Range
884:
880:
876:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
846:, separating
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
797:
792:
786:, Kyrgyzstan)
785:
780:
772:
765:
760:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
691:
686:
682:
676:
674:
672:
671:Peter Semenov
667:
663:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
609:Torugart Pass
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:orogenic belt
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
494:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
433:
429:
426:
423:
416:
413:
404:
399:
396:
388:
380:
372:
370:Official name
364:
355:
352:
349:
342:
339:
330:
325:
322:
314:
306:
298:
296:Official name
290:
281:
277:
275:
271:
266:
261:
233:
231:
227:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
174:
144:
133:
128:
123:
95:
93:
89:
85:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
64:
59:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
5338:
5220:Heng (Hunan)
5149:
5137:
5042:Rahile Dawut
5027:Sattar Sawut
4972:Sheng Shicai
4957:Yang Zengxin
4952:Zuo Zongtang
4758:Karakul Lake
4738:Jiaohe ruins
4501:
4404:Qing dynasty
4347:Yuan dynasty
4286:Tang dynasty
4132:
4107:, Kaskakulan
4105:Barsa-Kelmes
3997:China Danxia
3970:
3953:Northwestern
3760:Southwestern
3601:Fujian tulou
3401:
3354:
3241:
3229:
3215:
3203:
3184:
3167:
3160:Southwestern
3120:
3102:
3101:
3089:
3082:Northwestern
3015:
2976:
2970:
2936:
2928:
2904:
2900:
2887:
2879:
2873:. Retrieved
2863:
2853:
2841:. Retrieved
2837:the original
2823:
2811:. Retrieved
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2768:
2756:. Retrieved
2741:
2719:(1): 44–51.
2716:
2712:
2706:
2697:
2685:. Retrieved
2674:
2664:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2608:
2575:
2569:
2550:
2527:. Retrieved
2518:
2508:
2490:
2484:
2472:. Retrieved
2463:
2454:
2443:. Retrieved
2429:
2419:11 September
2417:. Retrieved
2397:
2368:
2345:. Retrieved
2336:
2327:
2318:
2136:
2117:
2076:China portal
2039:
2038:, mentioned
2033:
2024:commentator
2015:
1991:
1985:
1969:
1517:mm (inches)
1100:
1091:
1069:
1067:
1054:
1045:
1038:
1034:Prunus avium
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1006:
992:
984:Indian Ocean
981:
966:
964:
940:
933:
912:
872:
870:or plateau.
864:Suusamyr Too
852:Naryn Region
816:Kakshaal Too
801:
753:Ketmen Ridge
711:. Then the
694:
680:
668:
664:
656:
625:
606:
602:Mountaineers
571:
541:
498:
474:
458:Central Asia
449:
445:
441:
439:
5282:Amne Machin
5017:Ilham Tohti
5007:Wang Lequan
4763:Kizil Caves
4517:Tarim Basin
4357:Moghulistan
4337:Qara Khitai
4233:Han dynasty
4012:Grand Canal
3966:Mogao Caves
3890:Zhoukoudian
3860:Mount Wutai
3831:Norbulingka
3778:Fanjingshan
3708:Shennongjia
3223:Amne Machin
2214:Tengri tagh
1078:Black Death
915:Tarim basin
879:Tarim Basin
848:Chüy Region
820:Khan Tengri
818:range) and
812:Peak Pobeda
737:Taldykorgan
705:Qarlik Tagh
699:, north of
657:Continuous
652:Aksu Canyon
648:Tarim River
636:Tarim Basin
582:Khan Tengri
505:Tarim Basin
481:Khan Tengri
446:Tengri Tagh
274:Age of rock
255: /
117: /
92:Coordinates
58:Khan Tengri
5463:Categories
5292:Ghado Jobo
4962:Jin Shuren
4768:Niya ruins
4686:Tunurkawab
4218:Tocharians
4101:Altyn-Emel
4084:Kazakhstan
4028:Yellow Sea
4022:Tusi Sites
4017:Silk Roads
3992:Great Wall
3869:including
3816:Dujiangyan
3803:Mount Emei
3793:Jiuzhaigou
3745:Wulingyuan
3617:Yellow Sea
3197:Yengisogat
3128:Altyn-Tagh
2893:Liu, Xinru
2875:2016-09-10
2813:10 October
2785:10 October
2635:GeoJournal
2529:August 18,
2445:2013-06-22
2435:"新疆天山成功申遗"
2296:References
2199:Tenger uul
2194:Тэнгэр уул
2185:Tanrı Dağı
2175:Tenğri tağ
2166:Old Turkic
1589:(≥ 0.1 mm)
1013:), pears (
804:Kyrgyzstan
764:Kyrgyzstan
713:Bogda Shan
701:Kumul City
659:permafrost
590:Kyrgyzstan
586:Kazakhstan
567:Bogda Shan
517:Uzbekistan
513:Kyrgyzstan
509:Kazakhstan
450:Tengir-Too
394:Designated
320:Designated
223:Tajikistan
219:Uzbekistan
215:Kyrgyzstan
211:Kazakhstan
105:80°07′32″E
102:42°02′06″N
5469:Tian Shan
5339:Tian Shan
5323:Qingcheng
5277:Kawagarbo
5068:Altishahr
4997:Nur Bekri
4982:Wang Zhen
4947:Yaqub Beg
4577:Education
4511:Dzungaria
4502:Tian Shan
4489:Geography
4409:Qing rule
4032:Bohai Sea
3930:Northeast
3788:Huanglong
3665:West Lake
3632:Mount Tai
3621:Bohai Sea
3611:Huangshan
3453:Huangshan
3367:Mount Tai
3286:Northeast
3192:Argu Tagh
3186:Karakoram
3169:Himalayas
3103:Tian Shan
3026:mountains
3003:Tien Shan
2921:162211306
2843:April 14,
2687:March 15,
2656:140639502
2584:cite book
2301:Citations
2220:Тәңри тағ
2190:Mongolian
2032:, in the
2030:Sima Qian
2026:Yan Shigu
1082:Silk Road
1070:Y. pestis
1025:), figs (
998:Silk Road
929:Issyk Kul
881:from the
808:Borohoros
729:Ili River
727:from the
725:Dzungaria
690:Silk Road
644:Ili River
640:Syr Darya
548:Himalayan
495:Geography
442:Tian Shan
252:42°N 80°E
203:Countries
186:Tian Shan
156:Tian Shan
130:Geography
82:Elevation
40:Tian Shan
5432:Zhongnan
5344:Changbai
5139:Category
4932:Amursana
4743:Gaochang
4676:Pamirdin
4362:Kara Del
4265:Göktürks
4260:Gaochang
4187:Xinjiang
4118:Saryarka
3724:Dengfeng
3670:Kulangsu
2994:Archived
2869:Archived
2758:June 18,
2752:Archived
2733:27858899
2681:Archived
2523:Archived
2468:Archived
2439:Archived
2413:Archived
2341:Archived
2209:تەڭرىتاغ
2138:Tiānshān
2062:See also
1972:Tengrism
1966:Tengrism
1961:Religion
1820:Source:
1773:Percent
1768:2,431.4
1678:Average
1582:(20.37)
1513:Average
1508:(−39.5)
1503:(−31.9)
1498:(−33.5)
1463:(−12.3)
1458:(−24.2)
1453:(−30.5)
1448:(−39.5)
1059:—
707:and the
634:and the
613:Xinjiang
563:Cenozoic
559:Eurasian
544:Tashkent
537:Mongolia
521:Xinjiang
477:Tengrism
386:Criteria
312:Criteria
18:Tianshan
5375:Yandang
5151:Commons
5051:Related
4937:Mingrui
4700:Economy
4671:Youtazi
4651:Dapanji
4643:Cuisine
4605:Culture
4277:Eastern
4273:Western
4228:Xiongnu
4210:History
4201:capital
3827:Jokhang
3798:Lijiang
3660:Hongcun
3652:in Qufu
3403:Qinling
3394:Central
3211:Hoh Xil
2964:Sources
2803:中国气象数据网
2750:. CNN.
2474:17 July
2181:Turkish
2160:Tiansan
2125:Chinese
1988:Xiongnu
1974:, Khan
1948:(21.4)
1938:(10.2)
1933:(22.8)
1928:(34.5)
1923:(41.0)
1918:(42.1)
1913:(37.9)
1908:(31.8)
1903:(23.9)
1898:(12.4)
1888:(−2.9)
1577:(0.11)
1572:(0.23)
1567:(0.56)
1562:(1.61)
1557:(3.89)
1552:(5.27)
1547:(4.26)
1542:(2.35)
1537:(1.35)
1532:(0.46)
1527:(0.18)
1522:(0.10)
1493:(−7.2)
1478:(19.6)
1468:(−1.8)
1438:(17.0)
1423:(18.0)
1418:(28.0)
1413:(34.9)
1408:(36.0)
1403:(32.0)
1398:(24.4)
1393:(16.9)
1378:(−2.4)
1368:(24.0)
1358:(14.9)
1353:(24.6)
1348:(34.7)
1343:(41.5)
1338:(42.6)
1333:(38.7)
1328:(31.6)
1323:(24.3)
1318:(14.9)
1298:(33.0)
1293:(16.0)
1288:(23.4)
1283:(33.6)
1278:(44.4)
1273:(50.9)
1268:(51.4)
1263:(47.7)
1258:(41.0)
1253:(34.3)
1248:(24.6)
1243:(16.5)
1238:(12.6)
1228:(66.6)
1223:(37.8)
1218:(43.7)
1213:(52.2)
1208:(61.5)
1203:(65.3)
1198:(66.6)
1193:(60.1)
1188:(59.9)
1183:(55.8)
1178:(47.3)
1173:(36.0)
1168:(32.7)
1088:Climate
987:monsoon
973:walnuts
950:Ecology
909:Ice Age
762:Map of
719:. The
630:by the
403:session
381:Natural
329:session
315:vii, ix
307:Natural
268:Geology
5437:Gongga
5406:Yiwulü
5401:Kuaiji
5370:Lushan
5349:Kunlun
5313:Longhu
5308:Wudang
5251:Jiuhua
5002:Li Zhi
4925:People
4661:Sangza
4497:Cities
4281:Second
4223:Yuezhi
4197:Ürümqi
4189:topics
3910:Xanadu
3658:, and
3642:Temple
3606:Lushan
2949:
2919:
2731:
2654:
2615:
2557:
2497:
2405:
2375:
2347:5 July
2247:Kyrgyz
2226:Kazakh
2205:Uyghur
2155:Тянсан
2151:Dungan
2135::
2133:pinyin
2127::
2044:Yuezhi
2040:Qilian
2017:Qílián
2014::
2012:pinyin
2006::
1998::
1992:Qilian
1976:Tengri
1943:(0.9)
1893:(1.8)
1839:Month
1765:134.2
1762:153.4
1759:208.4
1756:225.2
1753:232.7
1750:212.7
1747:215.9
1744:250.8
1741:250.5
1738:231.0
1735:172.5
1732:144.1
1673:123.1
1629:145.5
1488:(0.5)
1483:(6.1)
1473:(8.8)
1433:(1.0)
1428:(8.2)
1388:(7.2)
1383:(0.3)
1363:(7.9)
1313:(7.7)
1308:(4.5)
1119:Month
994:Tulips
977:apples
922:and a
891:Pamirs
885:. The
840:Almaty
743:. The
697:Ürümqi
677:Ranges
621:Turkic
617:Alatau
555:Indian
421:Region
401:(40th
347:Region
327:(37th
257:42; 80
5365:Huang
5318:Qiyun
5261:Wutai
5256:Putuo
4681:Xurpa
4666:Samsa
4628:Muqam
4618:Music
4320:Qocho
4269:First
4096:Turan
3852:North
3750:Yinxu
3473:South
3326:North
2917:S2CID
2729:JSTOR
2676:Salon
2652:S2CID
2268:Uzbek
2109:Notes
1990:word
1941:−17.3
1936:−12.1
1896:−10.9
1891:−16.8
1886:−19.4
1878:Year
1664:10.0
1661:13.4
1652:15.2
1649:19.1
1646:14.9
1617:13.7
1614:19.4
1611:23.1
1608:21.6
1605:18.4
1602:14.4
1580:517.1
1550:133.8
1545:108.3
1506:−39.7
1501:−35.5
1496:−36.4
1491:−21.8
1486:−17.5
1481:−14.4
1471:−12.9
1466:−18.8
1461:−24.6
1456:−31.2
1451:−34.7
1446:−39.7
1431:−17.2
1426:−13.2
1386:−13.8
1381:−17.6
1376:−19.1
1361:−13.4
1311:−13.5
1306:−15.3
1236:−10.8
1158:Year
1040:Morus
1028:Ficus
1016:Pyrus
856:Talas
850:from
798:beach
594:China
207:China
5246:Emei
5230:Song
4279:and
3877:and
3829:and
3814:and
3805:and
3732:and
3656:Xidi
3648:and
3644:and
3582:East
3330:East
3328:and
3158:and
2947:ISBN
2845:2024
2815:2023
2787:2023
2760:2022
2689:2020
2613:ISBN
2590:link
2555:ISBN
2531:2015
2495:ISBN
2476:2016
2421:2016
2403:ISBN
2373:ISBN
2349:2019
2144:lit.
2056:Tuva
2022:Tang
1982:Name
1946:−5.9
1931:−5.1
1906:−0.1
1901:−4.5
1875:Dec
1872:Nov
1869:Oct
1866:Sep
1863:Aug
1860:Jul
1857:Jun
1854:May
1851:Apr
1848:Mar
1845:Feb
1842:Jan
1682:(%)
1670:4.4
1667:5.6
1658:9.3
1655:9.8
1643:9.9
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