496:
little reason to alter the nation's basic charter. Earlier constituent assemblies had written thirteen constitutions (only ten of which had entered into force), and the latest had been adopted in 1924. The handpicked
Constituent Assembly of 1936 incorporated thirty of the articles of the 1924 document into the 1936 constitution. The major changes were the elimination of the prohibition on immediate reelection of a president and vice president and the extension of the presidential term from four to six years. Other changes included restoration of the
52:
646:
contributed soldiers and marines to the ranks, also the Force. Honduran Air patrolled the coasts of the
Caribbean Sea near Mexico in search of German submarines; Apart from this, the Doctor and General Carías Andino "did not tremble" to expel the German consul Christian Zinsser from Honduras, considering him "the fifth column in Central America and with ties to the Gestapo." The value of the ties between the Carías government and nearby dictatorial regimes became somewhat questionable in 1944 when popular revolts in
707:
1356:
736:
electricity, water or enough food and their work was a condition of near slavery and more than plantation centers and miners they were more similar to concentration camps or forced labor. as some prisoners were also sent to these areas to work as an alternative option instead of staying in penal centers. Also, much of the country's infrastructure was built with the labor of prisoners, mostly political and civil opponents.
308:
Andrés Ramírez, Manuel
Cartagena, Jeremías Cobos, Pedro Martínez, Atilio Sánchez, Albino Santos, Jesús Erazo, Vicente Vega, Vicente Maldonado, Luciano Casaca, Porfirio Santos, Gregorio Bautista, Ramón Tabora, Maximiliano B. Rosales, Manuel Zepeda, Leopoldo F. Orellana, Manuel Chávez, Federico Castro, Francisco González. On 26 May 1912, the said organization was renamed the Copaneca Workers' Society. In 1912 General
683:, trying to overcome years of inactivity and division, nominated Ángel Zúñiga, the same individual whom Carías had defeated in 1932. The Liberals rapidly became convinced that they had no chance to win and, charging the government with manipulation of the electoral process, boycotted the elections. This act gave Gálvez a virtually unopposed victory, and in January 1949 he assumed the presidency.
323:. During this time he would be promoted to the rank of general. During the "vindicating revolution" in 1924 he would lead several military offensives. After the Second Civil War had the presidency of Honduras for a very short time, however General Carias Andino would be appointed as "Chief of the revolution" would assume for the second time the brief power between 24 March to 28 April 1924.
327:
Provisional
President, under whose regime General Gregorio Ferrera took up arms. Once the civil wars were over, he already had a great military experience on the battlefield, this led to an important position in the government of Honduras, he would run for president of Honduras for the rest of the decade without any victory, although that would not stop him from trying to reach power.
312:, assumed the presidency of Honduras for the second time, although with identical ideologies they were adversaries with Carias. in 1914, the candidate of the National Party of Honduras was Francisco Bertrand Barahona and the national writer: Alberto de Jesús Membreño, a position he assumed as provisional between 1915 and 1916, upon the retirement of President Barahona.
284:
Reina, Doctor
Vicente Mejía Colindres, Carlos Gauggel, a German citizen, Engineer Manuel Bueso Pineda, Monsignor Emilio Morales Roque, Doctor Julio C. Bueso Cáceres. The Hospital succeeded thanks to activities and economic contributions from both the public and private donors until in 1940 there was a study by the Executive Branch to take charge of health care.
992:
663:, demanding the release of political prisoners. Despite strong government measures, tension continued to grow and Carías was ultimately forced to release some prisoners. This gesture failed to satisfy the opposition and anti-government demonstrations continued to spread. In July several demonstrators were killed by troops in
744:
Evaluating the Carías presidency is a difficult task. His tenure in office provided the nation with a badly needed period of relative peace and order. The country's fiscal situation improved steadily, education improved slightly, the road network expanded, and the armed forces were modernized. At the
731:
massacre that occurred in 1937 against the Garífuna population, ordered by Carías himself, stands out. Another highly remembered crime was the so-called "San Pedro Sula massacre" that occurred on 6 July 1944, after the military forces repressed unarmed citizens of San Pedro with acts of brutality who
674:
Eager to curb further disorders in the region, the United States began to urge Carías to step aside and allow free elections when his current term in office expired. Carías, who by then was in his early seventies, ultimately yielded to these pressures and announced
October 1948 elections, in which he
283:
Project until the completion of its building. Among the personalities that volunteered to work in the realization of this
Hospital Center were: Ramón López Cobos, Ciro Mora, Francisco Bueso Cuéllar, Doctor Filadelfo Bueso, Doctor JJ Jones, Doctor Ramón López Cobos, Doctor Jesús H. Medina, Jerónimo J.
654:
deposed Ubico and Hernández. For a time, it seemed as if revolutionary contagion might spread to
Honduras as well. A plot, involving some military officers as well as opposition civilians, had already been discovered and crushed in late 1943. In May 1944, a group of women began demonstrating outside
491:
abroad. At the end of 1935, however, stressing the need for peace and internal order, Carías began to crack down on the opposition press and political activities. Meanwhile, the
National Party, at the president's direction, began a propaganda campaign stressing that only the continuance of Carías in
274:
Tiburcio Carias Andino was born in the
Republic of Honduras on 15 March 1876. His parents were Calixto Carias Galindo and Sara Francisca Andino Rivera. During his childhood Tiburcio Carias Andino is appointed Director of the Boys' School, and professor at the "El Porvenir" institute, where he taught
504:
to women. Finally, the new constitution included an article specifying that the incumbent president and vice president would remain in office until 1943. But Carías, by then a virtual dictator, wanted even more, so in 1939 the legislature, now completely controlled by the National Party, obediently
326:
Paralero to this Fausto Dávila former minister of the López Gutiérrez government, he would continue with the administration for a week. Later, on the cruise ship "USS Denver" negotiations began between the revolutionaries and the government, after which General Vicente Tosta Carrasco was appointed
735:
Another aspect was the torture at the hands of the military in the different prisons to prisoners, most of whom were political opponents, who became saturated with prisoners at one point during his mandate. Many of the workers in the plantations and mines lived in subhuman conditions with little
495:
The method chosen by Carías to extend his term of office was to call a constituent assembly that would write a new constitution and select the individual to serve for the first presidential term under that document. Except for the president's desire to perpetuate himself in office, there seemed
307:
On 5 April 1908, the Society of Craftsmen "El Porvenir" was founded by Carias, who served as its president. The co-founders included Ramón Hernández, Salvador Lara, Benjamín Escobar, Juan Castrillo, Antonio Selva, Abraham Mejía, Coronado Ramírez, José Francisco Urquía Tabora, Francisco Barnica,
572:
was declared illegal, but the Liberal Party continued to function and the leaders of the 1935 revolt, who were asylum seekers. Abroad, they were offered free passages to return to the country by means of air flights if they so wished, however by the end of 1935, trying to appease the political
645:
in 1941. Thus, Honduras was known as one of the Latin American countries allied to the United States of America. In 1941 after the Japanese attack on the US bases stationed in Pearl Harbor, the northern country declared war on the "German-Japanese Axis", as would its Honduran friend, who also
600:
after the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Reich and the Republic of Honduras were normalized in 1936. In the same way he did to the Japanese emperor Hirohito in 1937. Similar to fascist movements in the European context, Carias sought to create a national identity based on a
470:
As months passed, Carías moved slowly but steadily to strengthen his hold on power. He gained the support of the banana companies through opposition to strikes and other labor disturbances. He strengthened his position with domestic and foreign financial circles through conservative economic
512:
and other opponents of the government reacted to these changes by attempting to overthrow Carías. Numerous efforts were made in 1936 and 1937, but all were successful only in further weakening the National Party's opponents. By the end of the 1930s, the National Party was the only organized
722:
in its history. El Cariato was characterized mainly by heavy censorship in the media as the government supervised the press and radio and brutality against unarmed civilians by the armed forces. One of the ethnic groups most affected by the policies imposed during this period was the
454:
were abandoned, and thousands of Hondurans were thrown out of work. By 1937 a means of controlling the disease had been found, but many of the affected areas remained out of production because a significant share of the market formerly held by Honduras had shifted to other nations.
430:, and crushed the uprising in short order. Most of Carías's first term in office was devoted to efforts to avoid financial collapse, improve the military, engage in a limited program of road building, and lay the foundations for prolonging his own hold on power.
458:
Carías had made efforts to improve the military even before he became president. Once in office, both his capacity and his motivation to continue and to expand such improvements increased. He gave special attention to the fledgling air force, founding the
487:(Partido Comunista de Honduras—PCH) was outlawed, but the Liberal Party continued to function, and even the leaders of a small uprising in 1935 were later offered free air transportation should they wish to return to Honduras from their
552:. Relations were particularly close with Ubico, who helped Carías reorganize his secret police and also captured and shot the leader of a Honduran uprising who had made the mistake of crossing into Guatemalan territory. Relations with
690:, the incumbent President Gálvez had intended to step aside and allow a free and fair contest. Carías intended to return to the presidency, but his candidacy caused a split in the ruling National Party. The Liberal candidate
745:
same time, nascent democratic institutions withered, opposition and labor activities were suppressed and national interests at times were sacrificed to benefit supporters and relatives of Carías or major foreign interests.
732:
had started a protest in the streets of the city demanding their resignation. More than 70 deaths were registered and a still unknown number of hundreds of wounded by military repression, among them the elderly and women.
407:
candidate, Carías, won the election by a margin of some 20,000 votes. On 16 November 1932, Carías assumed office, beginning what was to be the longest period of continuous rule by an individual in Honduran history.
359:
of the Liberal Party. He accepted the result, as the election had been comparatively free and fair, marking a then-rare peaceful transfer of power between the two major parties. He was the President of
1764:
411:
Lacking, however, was any immediate indication that the Carías administration was destined to survive any longer than most of its predecessors. Shortly before Carías's inauguration,
471:
policies. Even in the height of the depression, he continued to make regular payments on the Honduran debt, adhering strictly to the terms of the arrangement with the British
556:
were somewhat more strained as a result of the continuing border dispute, but Carías and Somoza managed to keep this dispute under control throughout the 1930s and 1940s.
245:, briefly in 1924 as constitutional president and later in the form of a dictatorial regime from 1933 until 1949. He was elected president of Honduras in the midst of the
1774:
573:
activities against their government and maintain the internal peace of the country, brutally repressed and censored newspapers, journalists, and political leaders.
513:
functioning political party in the nation. Numerous opposition leaders had been imprisoned, and some had reportedly been chained and put to work in the streets of
1234:
347:
against the divided Liberals, but only won a plurality of the vote. The resulting deadlock was followed by disturbances, and elections the following year saw
279:
in the faculty of jurisprudence and political science at the Central University of Honduras. During 15 February 1905. Tiburcio Carias Andino, was part of the
1749:
675:
would refrain from being a candidate. He continued, however, to find ways to use his power. The National Party nominated Carías's choice for president,
1625:
460:
596:, to the extent that both regimes served as patrons for his government from 1938 onwards. Carias was not shy about sending letters to the dictator
1769:
698:
seized power in a coup, abruptly ending three decades of stable government in Honduras, of which Carías had been president for 16 of those years.
568:
Political control was institutionalized little by little under the command of Carías, there was a great anti-communist campaign and therefore the
1038:
1784:
450:
in the banana-producing areas. Within a year, most of the country's production was threatened. Large areas, including most of those around
537:
367:
On 1 February 1933 he became President of Honduras again, this time for 16 years. Despite growing unrest and severe economic strains, the
1711:
438:
The economic situation remained extremely bad throughout the 1930s. In addition to the dramatic drop in banana exports caused by the
1425:
1227:
1121:
976:
694:
won a plurality, but short of a majority (a result echoing the elections of 1902 and 1923), resulting in a deadlock. Vice President
1410:
1340:
1330:
492:
office could give the nation continued peace and order. The constitution, however, prohibited immediate reelection of presidents.
1779:
1681:
656:
1243:
1024:
1010:
687:
671:
but were unsuccessful in their efforts to topple the government. The military remained loyal and Carías continued in office.
368:
352:
340:
1640:
400:
351:
of the National Party elected, although Carías was able to exercise a degree of influence during Barahona's presidency. In
1530:
361:
1220:
372:
90:
1580:
1565:
584:, where the ideal of the Honduran model citizen was exacerbated. It is known that General Carias was a sympathizer of
569:
484:
1415:
1650:
1605:
1570:
1187:
1004:
545:
419:
404:
392:
356:
344:
214:
102:
1320:
1066:
1723:
1645:
1635:
1540:
1280:
964:
680:
679:, who had been minister of war since 1933. Exiled opposition figures were allowed to return to Honduras, and the
518:
509:
415:
396:
320:
1052:
316:
250:
1671:
1630:
1445:
1435:
1430:
1355:
691:
528:
During his presidency, Carías cultivated close relations with his fellow Central American dictators, generals
51:
1676:
1655:
1490:
1465:
1450:
1370:
1275:
810:
719:
1310:
1440:
1420:
1315:
642:
234:
1691:
1460:
1194:
1158:
614:
581:
242:
121:
67:
1615:
1290:
1204:
957:
Haggerty, Richard; Millet, Richard (1995). "The Era of Tiburcio Carias Andino". In Merrill, Tim (ed.).
676:
114:
293:
1759:
1754:
1686:
1620:
1305:
1295:
1285:
695:
1600:
1575:
1545:
1485:
1455:
1345:
1300:
1270:
1265:
1260:
968:
754:
348:
301:
297:
706:
522:
1718:
1706:
1560:
1550:
1495:
451:
1515:
1480:
1395:
1520:
1385:
1375:
1325:
1117:
1092:
982:
972:
606:
1212:
439:
376:
246:
500:, reductions in the powers of the legislature, and denial of citizenship and therefore the
1585:
1525:
1147:
634:
336:
254:
146:
300:
Cuéllar assumed the presidency of the republic and appointed Carias, as Governor of the
1728:
1696:
1555:
1535:
1510:
1505:
1475:
1470:
664:
475:
and also satisfying other creditors. Two small loans were paid off completely in 1935.
447:
443:
395:, however, resisted pressure from his own party to manipulate the results to favor the
309:
1743:
1701:
1595:
1335:
1173:
996:
715:
630:
589:
497:
384:
258:
238:
158:
442:, the fruit industry was further threatened by the outbreak in 1935 of epidemics of
626:
597:
593:
422:, had risen in revolt. Carías had taken command of the government forces, obtained
276:
20:
315:
Carias would become famous as a military leader during the Honduran civil wars of
1111:
668:
660:
651:
638:
541:
529:
514:
427:
186:
1405:
727:
community, being constantly silenced and attacked by the military forces. The
472:
464:
986:
647:
553:
549:
533:
412:
388:
1246:
724:
610:
501:
230:
190:
625:
Despite the fact that the general maintained diplomatic relations with
602:
585:
24:
609:. As a result, during his government the excavations of the cities of
257:
by opposing strikes, strongly aligned its government with that of the
958:
483:
In 1935, political controls were instituted slowly under Carías. The
1039:"Dictadura cariista: corrupción y narcotráfico - Diario El Heraldo"
1093:"LA MASACRE DE SAN PEDRO SULA. 6 DE JULIO 1944 » Criterio.hn"
705:
488:
463:
in 1934 and arranging for a United States colonel to serve as its
275:
Mathematics classes. After graduating from high school he studied
1053:"Carta de Hitler al Presidente Carías Andino - Nacer en Honduras"
995:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
714:
The dictatorship of General Carias Andino, like other regimes in
601:
mythical and idealized past, in this case extolling the Honduran
728:
380:
292:
In 1907, Carias fought alongside the liberal forces and in the “
1216:
423:
261:, and kept the country in strict adherence to debt payments.
505:
extended his term in office by another six years (to 1949).
1025:"La pasión por Tiburcio Carías Andino - Diario El Heraldo"
355:, Carías was the National Party's candidate but lost to
667:. In October a group of exiles invaded Honduras from
1664:
1363:
1253:
1067:"LA MASACRE DE GARÍFUNAS EN SAN JUAN EN TELA, 1937"
210:
196:
173:
168:
152:
140:
120:
108:
96:
84:
65:
42:
1116:(in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Editorial Guaymuras.
580:was characterized as a highly nationalistic and
1765:Presidents of the National Congress of Honduras
31: and the second or maternal family name is
1228:
811:"Presidentes del Congreso Nacional 1900–2014"
8:
339:during the Second Civil War in 1924. In the
1235:
1221:
1213:
1135:
364:from 1926 to 1929, and from 1930 to 1931.
80:16 Novembro 1932 – 1 January 1949
50:
39:
1164:First Chief of the Liberating Revolution
375:was surprising because the onset of the
229:(5 March 1876 – 23 December 1969) was a
797:
785:
773:
766:
371:were relatively peaceful and fair. The
16:President of Honduras from 1933 to 1949
1775:National Party of Honduras politicians
1113:Tiburcio Carías: Anatomía de una época
1002:
517:. Others, including the leader of the
136:27 April 1924 – 30 April 1924
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
718:, was not exempt from having several
7:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
383:of governments elsewhere throughout
369:1932 Honduran presidential elections
1750:20th-century presidents of Honduras
391:traditions than those of Honduras.
963:(3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.:
14:
343:, Carías was a candidate for the
1354:
1244:Presidents and heads of state of
990:
387:, in nations with much stronger
253:, maintained the support of the
710:Corpses from the 1944 massacre.
637:, he had to declare war on the
605:identity as heir people of the
1770:World War II political leaders
296:” he was promoted to General.
1:
1073:(in Spanish). 20 October 2018
362:National Congress of Honduras
418:, despite the opposition of
373:peaceful transition of power
23:, the first or paternal
1785:Honduran military personnel
1665:Democratic era (since 1982)
570:Communist Party of Honduras
485:Communist Party of Honduras
479:Increase in political power
1801:
1110:Argueta, Mario R. (2008).
1009:: CS1 maint: postscript (
18:
1352:
1201:
1192:
1184:
1170:
1156:
1143:
1138:
965:Federal Research Division
960:Honduras: a country study
582:militaristic dictatorship
220:
164:
129:
91:Abraham Williams Calderón
73:
61:
49:
461:Military Aviation School
241:. He served as the 38th
1780:People from Tegucigalpa
1188:Vicente Mejía Colindres
720:human rights violations
588:and had admiration for
525:, had fled into exile.
401:José Ángel Zúñiga Huete
357:Vicente Mejía Colindres
310:Manuel Bonilla Chirinos
103:Vicente Mejía Colindres
815:XplorHonduras Honduras
711:
643:attack on Pearl Harbor
249:. He strengthened the
227:Tiburcio Carías Andino
44:Tiburcio Carías Andino
1195:President of Honduras
1159:President of Honduras
709:
692:Ramón Villeda Morales
538:Maximiliano Hernández
281:Hospital de Occidente
243:president of Honduras
206:Tegucigalpa, Honduras
122:President of Honduras
68:President of Honduras
56:Carías Andino in 1936
1501:Council of Ministers
1401:Council of Ministers
1391:Council of Ministers
1381:Council of Ministers
969:Library of Congress
755:History of Honduras
657:Presidential Palace
403:. As a result, the
349:Miguel Paz Barahona
1205:Juan Manuel Gálvez
1139:Political offices
971:. pp. 28–32.
712:
677:Juan Manuel Gálvez
607:Mayan civilization
576:The regime of the
331:Becoming president
115:Juan Manuel Gálvez
1737:
1736:
1211:
1210:
1202:Succeeded by
1179:
1171:Succeeded by
1153:
1005:cite encyclopedia
696:Julio Lozano Díaz
237:with the rank of
224:
223:
1792:
1715:
1358:
1341:Martinez Salinas
1331:Martinez Salinas
1237:
1230:
1223:
1214:
1199:1932–1949
1185:Preceded by
1177:
1151:
1144:Preceded by
1136:
1127:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1000:
994:
993:
954:
827:
826:
824:
822:
817:. 11 August 2015
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
546:Anastasio Somoza
440:Great Depression
377:Great Depression
335:Carías became a
304:, in 1907–1908.
302:Copán Department
298:Miguel R. Dávila
294:Battle of Lizapa
255:banana companies
247:Great Depression
235:military officer
203:
200:23 December 1969
183:
181:
169:Personal details
155:
143:
134:
125:(Constitutional)
111:
99:
87:
78:
54:
40:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1709:
1660:
1631:Villeda Morales
1606:Mejía Colindres
1581:López Gutiérrez
1571:Mejía Colindres
1359:
1350:
1276:Jeronimo Zelaya
1249:
1241:
1207:
1198:
1190:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1161:
1154:
1150:
1148:Francisco Bueso
1134:
1124:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1001:
991:
979:
956:
955:
830:
820:
818:
809:
808:
804:
796:
792:
784:
780:
772:
768:
763:
751:
742:
704:
635:Empire of Japan
623:
566:
481:
436:
379:had led to the
333:
290:
288:Military career
272:
267:
233:politician and
211:Political party
205:
201:
185:
179:
177:
153:
147:Francisco Bueso
141:
135:
130:
124:
109:
97:
85:
79:
74:
57:
45:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1798:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1646:López Arellano
1643:
1638:
1636:López Arellano
1633:
1628:
1626:Military junta
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1172:
1169:
1155:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1132:External links
1130:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:. 6 July 2017.
1084:
1058:
1055:. 25 May 2010.
1044:
1030:
1016:
977:
828:
802:
790:
778:
765:
764:
762:
759:
758:
757:
750:
747:
741:
738:
703:
700:
665:San Pedro Sula
622:
619:
565:
558:
480:
477:
448:Black sigatoka
444:Panama disease
435:
432:
405:National Party
345:National Party
341:1923 elections
332:
329:
289:
286:
271:
268:
266:
263:
222:
221:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
204:(aged 93)
198:
194:
193:
175:
171:
170:
166:
165:
162:
161:
156:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
127:
126:
118:
117:
112:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
88:
86:Vice President
82:
81:
71:
70:
63:
62:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
43:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1797:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:Suazo Córdova
1670:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:Carías Andino
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:Carías Andino
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1371:Zelaya y Ayes
1369:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1321:Milla Guevara
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1175:
1174:Vicente Tosta
1166:
1165:
1160:
1149:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1123:9789992633731
1119:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1006:
998:
997:public domain
988:
984:
980:
978:0-8444-0836-0
974:
970:
966:
962:
961:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
829:
816:
812:
806:
803:
799:
794:
791:
787:
782:
779:
775:
770:
767:
760:
756:
753:
752:
748:
746:
739:
737:
733:
730:
726:
721:
717:
716:Latin America
708:
701:
699:
697:
693:
689:
684:
682:
678:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:Fascist Italy
628:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
595:
591:
590:Fascist Italy
587:
583:
579:
574:
571:
563:
559:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
519:Liberal Party
516:
511:
506:
503:
502:right to vote
499:
498:death penalty
493:
490:
486:
478:
476:
474:
468:
466:
462:
456:
453:
449:
445:
441:
433:
431:
429:
425:
421:
420:Vicente Mejía
417:
414:
409:
406:
402:
398:
397:Liberal party
394:
393:Vicente Mejía
390:
386:
385:Latin America
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
330:
328:
324:
322:
318:
313:
311:
305:
303:
299:
295:
287:
285:
282:
278:
269:
264:
262:
260:
259:United States
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:major general
236:
232:
228:
219:
216:
213:
209:
199:
195:
192:
188:
176:
172:
167:
163:
160:
159:Vicente Tosta
157:
151:
148:
145:
139:
133:
128:
123:
119:
116:
113:
107:
104:
101:
95:
92:
89:
83:
77:
72:
69:
64:
60:
53:
48:
41:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1610:
1601:Paz Barahona
1590:
1531:Arias Boquín
1500:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1291:Vigil Cocaña
1193:
1163:
1157:
1112:
1104:Bibliography
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1070:
1061:
1047:
1033:
1019:
959:
819:. Retrieved
814:
805:
800:, p. 31
798:Argueta 2008
793:
788:, p. 21
786:Argueta 2008
781:
776:, p. 15
774:Argueta 2008
769:
743:
734:
713:
685:
673:
627:Nazi Germany
624:
598:Adolf Hitler
594:Nazi Germany
577:
575:
567:
561:
527:
523:Ángel Zúñiga
507:
494:
482:
469:
457:
437:
410:
366:
334:
325:
314:
306:
291:
280:
277:criminal law
273:
251:Armed Forces
226:
225:
202:(1969-12-23)
184:5 March 1876
154:Succeeded by
131:
110:Succeeded by
75:
37:
32:
28:
21:Spanish name
1760:1969 deaths
1755:1876 births
1621:Lozano Díaz
1441:Castellanos
1301:Ángel Arias
1178:Provisional
669:El Salvador
661:Tegucigalpa
652:El Salvador
542:El Salvador
530:Jorge Ubico
515:Tegucigalpa
473:bondholders
428:El Salvador
399:candidate,
187:Tegucigalpa
142:Preceded by
98:Preceded by
1744:Categories
1707:Micheletti
1656:Paz García
1641:Cruz Uclés
1556:M. Bonilla
1536:M. Bonilla
1521:P. Bonilla
1281:Bustamante
761:References
641:after the
633:, and the
562:El Cariato
465:commandant
389:democratic
270:Early life
180:1876-03-05
1724:Hernández
1456:Inestroza
1431:Guardiola
1364:1839–1982
1254:1821–1839
1077:5 October
648:Guatemala
615:El Puente
560:Begin of
554:Nicaragua
550:Nicaragua
534:Guatemala
413:dissident
381:overthrow
265:Biography
132:In office
76:In office
1712:Disputed
1682:Callejas
1561:Bertrand
1551:Bertrand
1247:Honduras
1146:General
1071:El Pulso
987:31434665
821:14 March
749:See also
725:Garífuna
681:Liberals
510:Liberals
452:Trujillo
416:Liberals
231:Honduran
191:Honduras
19:In this
1566:Aguirre
1516:Vásquez
1426:Aguilar
1416:Cabañas
1386:Ferrera
1376:Ferrera
1336:Herrera
1316:Marquez
1306:Morazán
1296:Morazán
1286:Morazán
1271:Bendaña
1261:Herrera
655:of the
617:began.
603:mestizo
586:fascism
578:Cariato
337:general
25:surname
1729:Castro
1702:Zelaya
1697:Maduro
1692:Flores
1677:Azcona
1651:Melgar
1616:Gálvez
1576:Bográn
1546:Dávila
1541:Oquelí
1526:Sierra
1506:Bográn
1491:Medina
1466:Medina
1451:Medina
1446:Montes
1436:Montes
1396:Chávez
1326:Rivera
1152:Acting
1120:
985:
975:
740:Legacy
702:Crimes
564:regime
544:, and
33:Andino
29:Carías
1687:Reina
1596:Tosta
1586:Bueso
1511:Leiva
1486:Gómez
1481:Mejía
1476:Leiva
1471:Arias
1421:Bueso
1411:Gómez
1406:Lindo
1311:Valle
1266:Milla
1168:1924
621:1940s
611:Copán
489:exile
434:1930s
426:from
66:38th
1719:Lobo
1496:Soto
1461:Cruz
1346:Lino
1118:ISBN
1079:2021
1011:link
983:OCLC
973:ISBN
823:2021
729:Tela
688:1954
650:and
639:Axis
613:and
592:and
508:The
446:and
424:arms
353:1928
321:1924
319:and
317:1919
197:Died
174:Born
1162:as
686:In
659:in
548:in
540:in
532:in
215:PNH
27:is
1746::
1069:.
1007:}}
1003:{{
989:.
981:.
967:,
831:^
813:.
629:,
536:,
521:,
467:.
189:,
1714:)
1710:(
1236:e
1229:t
1222:v
1126:.
1081:.
1041:.
1027:.
1013:)
999:.
825:.
182:)
178:(
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
