48:
322:
204:
235:) "they ascended" describes the ascension of the earliest indigenous people to the mountainous highlands of Eritrea as the plateau's first settlers. The Tigrinya tribe were first mentioned around the 8th to 10th centuries, in which period manuscripts preserving the inscriptions of
242:
The word kebessa (in the form khebsi) has also been found in
Ancient Egyptian inscriptions in reference to puntites, however concentrating later on during the Ptolemaic period, the word khebsi roughly translates to "those who cut or detach the incense from the tree".
283:) around 800 BC. It was the oldest known indigenous culture in the Horn Africa. Archaeologist Peter Schmidt compared the Asmara settlement to Athens and Rome. The language known as Tigre was believed to be spoken in the region around 1000 BC.
294:(Daamat) was believed to be home to a settled community in Southern Eritrean and Tigray from around 8th century BC to 4th century BC. There is little archaeological evidence of the D'mt Kingdom.
816:
632:
338:
Rock art near
Qohaito appears to indicate habitation in the area since the fifth millennium BC, while the town is known to have survived until the sixth century. Mount
367:
were interspersed with buildings in the town. Old edifices included the pre-Christian Temple of Mariam Wakino and the Sahira Dam, which might also be pre-Aksumite.
494:
733:
370:
The ruins at
Qohaito were first located in 1868, though they were erroneously identified as a "Greek depot" at the time. A related site outside of
809:
47:
602:
577:
538:
517:
762:
941:
802:
717:
636:
478:
351:
314:
has petitioned the
Ethiopian government to return artifacts removed from the site, though their efforts have been rebuffed.
951:
355:, a Greco-Roman document dated to the end of the first century, which thrived as a stop on the trade route between
311:
946:
825:
757:
Phillipson, David (2012);Foundations of an
African Civilisation: Aksum and the northern Horn, 1000 BCâAD 1300;
252:
203:
907:
255:. It is the most widely spoken language in Eritrea, and the fourth most spoken language in Ethiopia after
833:
737:
651:
597:. Theodore M. Davis' excavations: Bibân el MolÝk (Repr. 1906 ed.). London: Duckworth. p. 36.
572:. Theodore M. Davis' excavations: Bibân el MolÝk (Repr. 1906 ed.). London: Duckworth. p. 34.
512:. Theodore M. Davis' excavations: Bibân el MolÝk (Repr. 1906 ed.). London: Duckworth. p. 35.
321:
236:
239:(fl. 6th century) contain notes on his writings including the mention of a tribe called Tigretes.
842:
488:
315:
758:
713:
598:
573:
513:
474:
192:
111:
91:
774:
442:
307:
893:
675:
663:
375:
149:
875:
690:
417:
935:
915:
145:
141:
137:
888:
860:
395:
129:
106:
20:
920:
865:
855:
850:
364:
342:, Eritrea's highest mountain, and a small successor village lies near the site.
471:
Fegley, Randall (1995). Eritrea (World
Bibliographical Series). ABC-CLIO. p. 7
339:
133:
125:
24:
794:
443:"Africa :: Eritrea â The World Factbook â Central Intelligence Agency"
378:, lies about 15 kilometres to the south and was excavated in the 1960s.
778:
326:
303:
291:
256:
188:
76:
371:
356:
280:
276:
262:
Tigrinya dialects differ phonetically, lexically, and grammatically.
593:
Davis, Theodore M.; Naville, Edouard; Carter, Howard, eds. (2004).
568:
Davis, Theodore M.; Naville, Edouard; Carter, Howard, eds. (2004).
508:
Davis, Theodore M.; Naville, Edouard; Carter, Howard, eds. (2004).
556:
Historical
Geography of Ethiopia from the first century AD to 1704
360:
320:
318:, a pre-Aksumite or early Aksumite era obelisk, is situated here.
202:
195:. There also exists a sizable Tigrinya community in the diaspora.
53:
619:
Documents
Tigrigna (Ăthiopien Septentrional): Grammaire et Textes
275:
The oldest settled pastoral and agricultural community lived in
798:
207:
One of the options for the
Ancient Egyptian word for puntite
550:
548:
224:
212:
174:
779:"Geographical Results of the Abyssinian Expedition",
325:
Bronze oil lamp excavated at Matara, dating from the
211:
One view believes that the name comes from the word
906:
874:
841:
832:
119:
100:
82:
70:
60:
52:Tigrinya Eritrean traditional dress at an event in
38:
633:"New discoveries in Africa change face of history"
437:
435:
230:
218:
169:
163:
810:
8:
537:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMunro-Hay1991 (
33:
691:"Oldest Africa Settlement found in Eritrea"
310:kingdoms. Since Eritrean independence, the
838:
817:
803:
795:
493:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
46:
32:
781:Journal of the Royal Geographical Society
532:
464:
462:
558:(London: British Academy, 1989), pp. 38f
345:Qohaito is often identified as the town
387:
671:
659:
649:
486:
712:. Rowman Altamira. pp. 259â260.
7:
223:), meaning "she ascended". The word
71:Regions with significant populations
621:. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck.
14:
710:Historical archaeology in Africa
187:, are an ethnic group native to
302:Metera was a major city in the
279:(the villages and towns around
734:"Eritrea wants artefacts back"
352:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
1:
736:. 2005-10-02. Archived from
631:Greenfield, Richard (2001).
225:
213:
175:
970:
312:National Museum of Eritrea
18:
231:
219:
170:
164:
124:
105:
87:
75:
65:
45:
942:Ethnic groups in Eritrea
826:Ethnic groups in Eritrea
635:. No 401. Archived from
469:Fegley, Randall (1995).
329:(circa 8th century BCE).
286:
266:Settlements and kingdoms
19:Not to be confused with
708:Schmidt, Peter (2006).
689:Schmidt, Peter (2002).
646:– via New Africa.
595:The tomb of HâtshopsÎtÝ
570:The tomb of HâtshopsÎtÝ
510:The tomb of HâtshopsÎtÝ
253:North Ethiopic language
16:Ethnic group in Eritrea
670:Cite journal requires
418:"Languages of Eritrea"
398:. Orville Jenkins Home
330:
208:
363:. It is thought that
324:
237:Cosmas Indicopleustes
206:
179:), also known as the
120:Related ethnic groups
66:2 millionâ3.3 million
617:Leslau, Wolf (1941)
554:G.W.B. Huntingford,
35:
331:
209:
952:Tigrinya language
929:
928:
902:
901:
843:Cushitic-speakers
604:978-0-7156-3125-6
579:978-0-7156-3125-6
519:978-0-7156-3125-6
396:"Tigrinya People"
349:described in the
193:Tigrinya language
191:. They speak the
156:
155:
112:Eritrean Orthodox
959:
839:
819:
812:
805:
796:
789:
772:
766:
755:
749:
748:
746:
745:
730:
724:
723:
705:
699:
698:
686:
680:
679:
673:
667:
662:has extra text (
661:
657:
655:
647:
645:
644:
628:
622:
615:
609:
608:
590:
584:
583:
565:
559:
552:
543:
542:
530:
524:
523:
505:
499:
498:
492:
484:
466:
457:
456:
454:
453:
439:
430:
429:
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425:
414:
408:
407:
405:
403:
392:
234:
233:
228:
222:
221:
216:
178:
173:
172:
167:
166:
61:Total population
50:
36:
969:
968:
962:
961:
960:
958:
957:
956:
947:Habesha peoples
932:
931:
930:
925:
898:
870:
828:
823:
793:
792:
773:
769:
756:
752:
743:
741:
732:
731:
727:
720:
707:
706:
702:
688:
687:
683:
669:
658:
648:
642:
640:
630:
629:
625:
616:
612:
605:
592:
591:
587:
580:
567:
566:
562:
553:
546:
536:
531:
527:
520:
507:
506:
502:
485:
481:
468:
467:
460:
451:
449:
441:
440:
433:
423:
421:
416:
415:
411:
401:
399:
394:
393:
389:
384:
336:
327:Kingdom of DĘżmt
300:
289:
273:
268:
249:
201:
160:Tigrinya people
115:
110:(predominantly
109:
96:
56:
41:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
967:
966:
963:
955:
954:
949:
944:
934:
933:
927:
926:
924:
923:
918:
912:
910:
904:
903:
900:
899:
897:
896:
891:
886:
880:
878:
872:
871:
869:
868:
863:
858:
853:
847:
845:
836:
830:
829:
824:
822:
821:
814:
807:
799:
791:
790:
767:
763:978-1847010414
750:
725:
718:
700:
681:
672:|journal=
623:
610:
603:
585:
578:
560:
544:
535:, p. 187.
533:Munro-Hay 1991
525:
518:
500:
479:
473:. California.
458:
431:
409:
386:
385:
383:
380:
335:
332:
299:
296:
288:
285:
272:
269:
267:
264:
251:Tigrinya is a
248:
245:
200:
197:
181:Biher-Tigrinya
154:
153:
122:
121:
117:
116:
103:
102:
98:
97:
95:
94:
88:
85:
84:
80:
79:
73:
72:
68:
67:
63:
62:
58:
57:
51:
43:
42:
39:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
965:
964:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
937:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
911:
909:
905:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
879:
877:
873:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
846:
844:
840:
837:
835:
831:
827:
820:
815:
813:
808:
806:
801:
800:
797:
788:(1868), p. 23
787:
783:
782:
776:
775:C. R. Markham
771:
768:
764:
760:
754:
751:
740:on 2006-06-20
739:
735:
729:
726:
721:
715:
711:
704:
701:
696:
692:
685:
682:
677:
665:
660:|volume=
653:
639:on 2019-07-12
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89:
86:
81:
78:
74:
69:
64:
59:
55:
49:
44:
37:
26:
22:
908:Nilo-Saharan
883:
834:Afro-Asiatic
785:
780:
770:
753:
742:. Retrieved
738:the original
728:
709:
703:
694:
684:
652:cite journal
641:. Retrieved
637:the original
626:
618:
613:
594:
588:
569:
563:
555:
528:
509:
503:
470:
450:. Retrieved
446:
422:. Retrieved
420:. Ethnologue
412:
400:. Retrieved
390:
369:
350:
346:
344:
337:
301:
290:
287:D'mt Kingdom
274:
261:
250:
241:
210:
184:
180:
159:
157:
107:Christianity
30:Ethnic group
21:Tigre people
447:www.cia.gov
424:15 November
936:Categories
744:2007-02-05
719:0759109656
643:2020-08-27
480:1851092455
452:2020-08-23
402:28 October
382:References
340:Emba Soira
489:cite book
126:Tigrayans
83:Languages
25:Tigrayans
894:Rashaida
884:Tigrinya
308:Aksumite
247:Language
176:TÉgrÉùùa
171:áĽáᨠáľááá
152:peoples
148:⢠other
101:Religion
92:Tigrinya
34:Tigrinya
876:Semitic
334:Qohaito
316:Hawulti
257:Amharic
214:tägärät
199:History
189:Eritrea
185:Kebessa
150:Habesha
77:Eritrea
916:Kunama
761:
716:
601:
576:
516:
477:
376:Matara
372:Senafe
357:Adulis
298:Metera
281:Asmara
226:tägäru
146:Harari
142:Gurage
138:Amhara
889:Tigre
861:Bilen
365:crops
361:Aksum
347:Koloe
130:Tigre
54:India
921:Nara
866:Saho
856:Beja
851:Afar
759:ISBN
714:ISBN
676:help
664:help
599:ISBN
574:ISBN
539:help
514:ISBN
495:link
475:ISBN
426:2023
404:2023
359:and
306:and
304:DĘżmt
292:D'mt
220:á°áá¨áľ
165:áľááá
158:The
40:áľááá
695:BBC
277:Ona
271:Ona
232:á°ááŠ
183:or
134:Zay
23:or
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27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
