Thames Tideway Tunnel

917:, this determined how the examination would be carried out, including consideration of more detailed hearings on site-specific matters, as well as project-wide issues. While the inspectors gave a commitment to consider the alternatives to the tunnel, in the event they were not reviewed as part of the examination. Government legislation and the NPSWW required that all efforts be made to reduce carbon emissions in new projects, but the examiners did not manage to study this issue. Once the Inspectorate concluded its examination of the application, a recommendation on whether or not to issue a development consent order would be submitted to ministers to make the final decision. 369:

suburbs were equipped with separated foul water and rainwater drainage pipe work. Extending such separate systems would stop sewage flooding of homes and businesses, as well as into the rivers and the estuary, would reduce carbon emissions, and be cheaper in the long term, than the multitude of pumped water tanks otherwise needed to stop homes flooding plus the Tideway tunnel. Pipes would be laid in a number of streets in each Borough each year over say twenty years, limiting traffic diversions. By 2011 overflows into the river took place more than once a week and as little as 2mm of rainfall can trigger a discharge. The mean total of this was 39,000,000 m (3.9

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and proper domain of its business which reduces tax; this is conventional practice. It explains that the money raised was used for essential maintenance and upgrade works. The earliest year in which customers' bills would be affected was 2014–15, with charges rising gradually after that. The project was estimated to add up to £70 to £80 (excluding inflation) to average annual wastewater bills from around 2019. However, these figures were subsequently revised downwards. In August 2015, the impact was expected to be around £20 to £25 per year by the mid-2020s.

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outer London Boroughs is that separated storm drainage can sustainably prevent all pollution. In a 2006 report commissioned for Ofwat, Jacobs Babtie strongly recommended using the computer model of the existing system to do detailed studies of the effects of laying separate storm water pipes, but their advice and that from Ofwat in 2007 concerning the poor value of the tunnel was not followed. A number of parties questioned the integrity of the TTSS study, in particular the dismissal of separation and future

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sites were sent letters explaining that these sites were being considered as alternative sites, and invited to attend drop-in sessions to pose questions and gain a better understanding of the project. In total ten two-day sessions and one community liaison meeting were held. These were attended by over 800 people. In all 168 comment cards and 147 pieces of site specific correspondence were received and considered.

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minimise the impacts of the construction and ensure best practice standards and requirements across all sites and contracts. The Code also covered transport (both road and river), noise and vibration mitigation, air quality and water resources, land quality, waste management and resource use, ecology and conservation and historic environment. In the report that concluded its inspection of these documents, the

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making them eligible for discounted water treatment bills. This would reduce pressure on the foul system and take away the need for the tunnel. In November 2010 the draft National Policy Statement for Waste Water (NPSWW) was issued, and eventually published largely unaltered, despite Parliamentary objections that it promoted the Tideway Tunnel as the only solution.

839:(TBMs) were needed to excavate the main tunnel plus two others for smaller connection tunnels. It also required two types of construction sites: main tunnel sites, where the TBM was either launched or received, and CSO sites, where interception tunnels and a connection culvert were built to connect the existing sewer to the new tunnel. 902:

Thames Water's consultation for the project had been adequate. All the application documents were made available in their own section of the Planning Inspectorate's National Infrastructure website. Thames Water also made the documents available for scrutiny at six public places along the route, three either side of the river.

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Mills, plus some £1bn for the Lee Tunnel and upgrade of works at Beckton. The total costs of all the Tideway schemes have therefore increased from £1.7bn six years ago to £4.6bn today (all costs at relevant year prices). There is no guarantee that the current estimate will not be subject to further escalation.

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fully operational in 2025. In May 2024, a 1.5m thick reinforced concrete wall separating it from the Lee Tunnel 66m below ground was removed to allow commissioning and testing. This will enable flows captured by the Thames Tideway Tunnel to be transported to Beckton sewage treatment works for treatment.

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confirmed the extent of leveraging on the balance sheet, reducing tax due and allowing annual payouts of dividends – money which some feel should have cut the cost of the scheme. Thames Water maintains that it has done nothing unusual by making tax-deductible investments in the natural

945:

The estimated cost of the project has escalated, from £1.7bn in 2004 (including Stratford to East Ham part and sewage treatment civil engineering construction movements (STW) costs) to £2.2bn in 2007 (also including Lee Tunnel and STW costs) to £3.6bn now for the shorter Thames Tunnel as far as Abbey

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The number of CSO discharges is set to fall from an average of 60 a year to less than five. The Environment Agency is satisfied that the Tideway water quality after such discharges will be acceptable. When both the tunnels are operational, overflows will occur only after sustained periods of intense

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to promote the infiltration of rain-water, preventing it from reaching the combined sewer system, thus reducing peak flows and limiting the number of CSO overflows. Some of these advocates denounce Thames Water's 2011 five theoretical case studies of the solution (finding the threefold cost), citing

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found that Thames Water had "underestimated of impacts on those that have been identified as having a significant effect and underestimated the number of receptors experiencing a significant effect" (12.97) and concluded "We do not consider that proposals meet the first aim of the NPS test to avoid

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Following this consultation, and taking into consideration all the feedback received, the proposed route was finalised as the Abbey Mills route and the preferred construction and drive sites were identified. Several sites were also identified as needing further, targeted consultation which resulted

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Abbey Mills Route – this route would connect the Thames Tunnel to the head of the Stratford to East Ham part at Abbey Mills Pumping Station. This would follow the same route but deviate north-east to Abbey Mills. The main tunnel length would be about 9 km (5.6 mi) less than

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Construction of the 25 km (16 mi) long tunnel was completed in March 2024 at a total cost of about £5bn. For test purposes, the first sewage was expected to flow into the tunnel during the summer of 2024 and, once testing was completed, it would be handed over to Thames Water, and become

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As the TBM moved forward, precast concrete segments were brought in and fixed together to create the tunnel wall. Excavated material would be transported out the tunnel via a conveyor belt and processed before being taken off-site. In order to minimise disruption, Thames Water committed to use the

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Based on this first round of consultation and interim engagement it was recommended that, for the project to be as cost-effective as possible and cause the least disruption, while still meeting the requirements of the UWWTD, the preferred scheme for the Thames Tideway Tunnel would need to involve:

622:

In response to the comments received, changes and improvements to some of the sites, including the potential use of alternative sites and alternative technical solutions, were considered. Based on this a round of interim engagement took place from March to August 2011. Residents around 11 specific

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as a solution. Some groups that opposed the tunnel stated that it is an unsustainable 19th-century solution to a 21st-century problem. They argued that rainwater from roads should be sent directly to canals, rivers or the estuary, and that landowners could install soakaways for their roof run off,

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In 2001, London's population density was 18,457 people per square kilometre, compared to just 6,825 per square kilometre in Bazalgette's day. As the population has grown, so has development involving the building on and paving over large areas. This has altered the natural drainage of the sewerage

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The estimated capital cost – excluding financing, operations and maintenance – was £3.8bn with an additional £1.1bn for preparatory works. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, additional costs of £233m were incurred. The 2021-22 annual report gave an updated cost of £4.3bn.

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Some people who live alongside proposed sites were concerned about the noise, disruption and potential loss of public space resulting from construction. To address this Thames Water put together a Code of Construction Practice to outline site-specific and project-wide requirements and measures to

953:

Following detailed analysis it was decided that the best means to deliver the project would be through a regulated infrastructure provider (IP) as this would maximise value for money. The IP, originally to be formed through a competitive process starting in the spring of 2013, would hold its own

441:

After evaluation of alternatives it was decided that only one strategy, the screening, storage or treatment at the point of discharge, would meet the estuary objectives fully. The remainder were found to be either impractical or insufficient to provide a solution, although the evidence from the

368:

hosted just over 8.1 million residents and Thames Water in a leaflet of that year explained how its works and how sewers needed expansion. The older inner boroughs have combined sewerage systems which cannot cope with the extra hard standings. As London continued to grow the new developments and

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on 28 February 2013. It included a relatively recent quite inaccurate study of Separation. The Inspectorate then had 28 days to decide whether the application was valid and whether the consultation undertaken was adequate. On 27 March 2013, it was decided that the application was valid and that

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A long list of 373 potential sites was created using a desktop survey of the land on either side of the 34 most polluting CSOs (as identified in the Thames Tideway Strategic Report). These sites were then further evaluated against more detailed planning, engineering, environmental, property and

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On 3 June 2013, it was announced that the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government had appointed inspectors Jan Bessell, Libby Gawith, Emrys Parry, Andrew Phillipson and David Prentis as the examining authority to consider any matters arising. As part of this process, interested

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At the main drive sites, four main activities took place: shaft construction (where a concrete cylinder 25–30 m (82–98 ft) in diameter and about 40–60 m (130–200 ft) deep was constructed), tunnelling preparations (preparing the site for arrival of the TBM), TBM assembly and

842:

Construction of the shafts at the CSO sites, to transfer flows from the existing sewer to the tunnel, would vary depending on the depth, the amount of flow they need to carry and the geology. The shaft would be a concrete cylinder with an internal diameter of 6–24 m (20–79 ft) and

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In August 2015, the independent investors to finance and deliver the scheme were confirmed. Bazalgette Tunnel Limited, a new special-purpose company appointed to take the project forward, received its licence from Ofwat as a new regulated utilities business, separate from Thames Water. The

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However, procurement for main contractors (who would eventually be contracted to the IP) for up to three packages of work valued at around £500m each started in the summer of 2013. On 29 July, Thames Water announced that a contract notice for work on the tunnel had been published in the

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If Thames is unwilling to make a rights issue, the owners, Macquarie, should be expected to return funds to the utility. If they do not, Thames should go into special administration (allowing for continued service to customers) and another company or financier allowed to take over its

1179:

householders' assistance such as emptying water butts, gardening more, and not using land for parking, and say this could be the cheapest option. Green infrastructure would have further benefits for London in addition to addressing the rainwater overflow problem, such as:

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consulted with relevant authorities to get feedback from stakeholders who would potentially be affected by the construction of the Thames Tideway Tunnel. Thames Water sought feedback on the proposed tunnel routes and potential locations of construction sites.

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In January 2013, it was announced the IP was to be delayed because Thames Water as main funder sought state financial assurances. This was a polemic. Opponents argued the government should not bear any such risks; Thames Water have noted the government faced

618:

The three tunnel routes, as well as the shortlist of sites, were then put out for consultation between September 2010 and January 2011. In total 2,389 feedback forms (both online and hard copy), 480 pieces of correspondence and five petitions were received.

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20–60 m (66–197 ft) deep. Ventilation structures at CSO sites to allow air in and out of the shaft were also required. Construction at these sites was expected to take between 2½ and 3½ years and once complete each site would be landscaped.

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catchment so that now most rainfall and surface water run-off goes directly into London's sewers, rather than being naturally absorbed into permeable ground. An area twice the size of Hyde Park has been lost to hard surfacing every year up to 2001.

600:

Route – a similar alignment, but this would have cut additionally across the Rotherhithe Peninsula, reducing the length of the main tunnel by approximately 1.8 km (1.1 mi) but requiring longer connection tunnels from some

2734: 1102:, a project lockdown and revised working practices meant the project was delayed by nine months and had incurred additional costs of £233m (taking the estimated project cost to £4.133bn). Completion was targeted for the first half of 2025. 3438: 352:

was designed to capture both rainwater runoff and the sewage produced by four million people. As a failsafe, to prevent sewage backing up and flooding people's homes, Bazalgette's system had the ability to overflow into the Thames via 57

471:: a deep, broad storage and conveyance tunnel dug and lined from Jenkins Lane, Beckton to Abbey Mills, Stratford, sloping down the reverse way. This 6.9 km (4.3 mi) tunnel, running down to 75 m (246 ft) deep from 2822:"Thames Tideway Tunnel – Examining authority's Report of Findings and Conclusions and Recommendation to the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government and the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs" 4216: 305:

This tunnel will drain 34 of the most polluting combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and has been forecast to lead to the overflows operating for 3.7% of the time on a maximum of four days per year at the time of commissioning.

1162:, particularly uncovering streams and rivers in some places in inner London Boroughs where they were culverted in the past. Their most progressive arguments are for replacing paved, impermeable surfaces in London with 2895: 3080: 1114:

Since the initial proposal, questions focussed on the cost, the location of construction sites, duration, disruption, and whether a tunnel was the correct solution for London and for Thames Water customers.

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The final part is the Thames Tideway Tunnel. When built, it intercepts the outflows from London's most polluting CSOs, stores them and directs (conveys) them to sewage treatment works for processing.

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rainfall and after the tunnels have captured the most damaging 'first flush' from the foul sewers. The remaining total overflow will average 2.6 million cubic metres per year, on 2011 estimates.

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10 L), or 16 million tonnes annually from the greatest-polluting CSO point in London. Thames Water awarded the £635 million construction contract to the MVB joint venture of

894:

In October 2012, the deadline of the tunnels' Section 48 consultation closed. This lasted 12 weeks and was the last opportunity for the public to have their say on the updated proposal.

854:

In 2017, the public voted on a short-list of 17 to name the six TBMs. They were named after female pioneers of their fields linked to where each began to dig. One began tunnelling from

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On 12 September 2014, the UK Government approved the plans, overriding some of the findings of the Planning Inspectorate. The decision gave rise to at least three Judicial Reviews.

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The second phase of consultation was carried out between November 2011 and February 2012 when local authorities, land owners, local businesses and communities were consulted on:

373:

10 L), that is 39 million tonnes, of storm sewage entering the river. These discharges, a mixture of raw sewage and rainwater, needed to be cut to comply with the EU's

3167: 2920: 397:, was intended to assess the impact of the CSO discharges into the Thames and to identify objectives and propose potential solutions, while keeping costs and benefits in mind. 1593: 3918: 390: 2452: 1685: 668:

Preferred sites and permanent works (taking into account the feedback received from the first phase of consultation such as the move from greenfield to brownfield sites)

268:. The tunnelling phase of the project was completed in April 2022; construction ended in March 2024 ahead of a testing and handover phase expected to conclude in 2025. 1365: 377:(UWWTD). If cut to such levels, it would thus restore the ecology of the river to that of 1865–70 or better, that is, before such unmitigated growth took place. 3084: 851:

river as much as possible to transport materials both in and out of the construction sites. At the main tunnelling sites, work was expected to occur 24 hours a day.

3413: 2270: 1438: 2296: 2166: 2504: 2114: 3911: 2426: 2218: 2036: 2010: 1158:

system (SUDS) under Central London streets and open spaces with small pumping stations in places of low gradient. They outline the added benefits of building

862:, after the engineer and advocate for women's employment rights, who set up the first women-only engineering company in Fulham. The others were cryobiologist 2796: 2400: 3055: 2952: 2322: 2244: 2140: 2659: 2478: 2735:"Application by Thames Water Utilities Limited for the Thames Tideway Tunnel Notice of preliminary meeting and availability of relevant representations" 2088: 1958: 933:

The budget for the scheme steadily increased since it was first estimated. For example, the budget in 2004 was estimated at £1.7bn, which included the

878:

who set up Bermondsey Medical Mission for Southwark's poor and disadvantaged residents. The machine for the Greenwich Connection Tunnel was named after

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Bazalgette Tunnel Limited (BTL) is the licensed infrastructure provider for its finance, building, maintenance and operation. It has as investors:

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The Application for Development Consent – for the final, detailed plan for the construction – was delivered to the

1984: 992:(OJEU). Following prequalification questionnaires, Thames Water invited shortlisted contractors to tender between November 2013 and April 2014. 590:

River Thames Route – such an alignment, broadly, would follow the river from west London to Beckton STW and would cut across the

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in the west of London for over 25 km (16 mi) across the full width of Inner London finally reaching −70 m (−230 ft) at

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delayed this to early 2025. The main tunnel has an internal diameter of 7.2 m (24 ft) and runs from −30 m (−98 ft) at

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for the Frogmore Connection Tunnel from Wandsworth to Fulham. The TBM for the east section from Bermondsey was named after doctor

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The three-part solution to implement screening, storage and treatment was collectively known as the London Tideway Improvements.

3721: 2456: 1675: 3142: 4134: 3696: 1847: 1799: 1773: 1747: 1247: 531: 333: 314: 1369: 2712:"A Panel of 5 examining inspectors has been appointed to examine the application for the Thames Tideway Tunnel application" 3736: 3731: 1163: 519: 405:

After four years, the Thames Tideway Strategic Study report was published in 2005, and outlined the following objectives:

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A total of 1,374 feedback forms (online and hard copy), 4,636 pieces of correspondence and nine petitions were received.

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selection of five out of 52 possible access shafts to be built including three to be combined with CSO interception; and

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Some people prefer an option that Thames Water's studies show would be up to three times more expensive. This is a

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Detailed proposals for the preferred sites (again taking into account feedback from the phase one consultation)

394: 329: 3471: 2848:"Planning Act 2008: Application for the proposed Thames Water Utilities Limited (Thames Tideway Tunnel) Order" 2663: 2482: 1127:

customers. This has angered customers who dispute an accounting practice confirmed by the industry regulator.

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The new preferred route and sites were then sent out for a second round of public consultation and feedback.

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that currently overflows into the estuary. These events occur when rainfall volumes exceed the capacity of

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Instigated in 2001, the Thames Tideway Strategic Study, conducted by a group comprising Thames Water, the

349: 276: 265: 3317: 2635:"Notice publicising a proposed application for a development consent order for the Thames Tideway Tunnel" 2378: 2066: 1916: 1614: 4191: 4165: 3872: 3857: 3832: 3797: 3767: 3661: 3657: 3529: 1142: 914: 898: 836: 2932: 909:

A preliminary meeting, open to those who had registered an interest, began on 12 September 2013 at the

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and DIF. Since the licence award, it also trades as Tideway. On 3 November 2015, the award was made by

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The successful contractors for the three main tunnelling contracts were announced in February 2015:

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The effects the project would have (as outlined in the preliminary environmental information report)

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Less than a year later, in November 2011, a further £500 million was added to the estimate.

784: 754: 540:– an £85 million upgrade to improve water quality and produce renewable energy on site 386: 1048:

special-purpose company is backed by pension funds and other long-term investors represented by

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a main tunnel 23 km (14 mi) long with an internal diameter of 7.2 m (24 ft);

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Carnwath Road riverside – main tunnel drive and reception and connection tunnel reception site

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The second part was the £675 million project to modernise and extend London's five major

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In the 2011 census returns (that is, omitting residents who did not disclose their residence)

345: 261: 4114: 4078: 4063: 4023: 3968: 3817: 3576: 1196: 1171: 543: 2793:"More on the Government's summary dismissal of the Planning Inspectorate's recommendations" 2609: 228:

Proposed route. Black arrows show direction of boring machine movement, not flow of sewage

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These intend to improve the standard to which the sewage is treated, thus improving the

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to treat more sewage, thus greatly reducing the need for storm discharges to the river:

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selection of seventeen out of 71 CSO alternate positionings from the final shortlist.

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Earlier avoidance of EU fines for not meeting water standards than under the scheme

1212: 1124: 975: 863: 579: 249: 245: 3464:"The role of the civil engineer in society: engineering ethics and major projects" 3220: 1851: 1825: 1803: 1777: 1751: 1725: 1652: 1409: 1251: 640:

indirect interception of a further 12, and a local solution for the remaining CSO;

3081:"Thousands of jobs to be created as contractors named for London's 'super sewer'" 4109: 3581: 1146:

significant adverse impacts on health and quality of life from noise" (12.357).

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lowering into the shaft, and then driving the TBM to excavate the main tunnel.

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The need for the project and whether a tunnel was the most appropriate solution

317:. Following treatment the water will then be released into the Thames Estuary. 4083: 3963: 3665: 1175: 1167: 934: 594:, reducing the length of the tunnel where there are no CSOs to be intercepted. 468: 325: 310: 70: 17: 4008: 3998: 3626: 3291:"BBC – Democracy Live – Peers calls on Thames Water not to pay shareholders" 1020: 971: 808: 715: 665:

The preferred tunnel route (including the detailed alignment of the tunnel)

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effects with an associated reduction in cooling load and carbon emissions

1037: 802: 547: 495:, in January 2010. Construction began in 2010 and on 28 January 2016 the 488: 1123:

The £4.3bn cost of the Thames Tideway Tunnel project is to be funded by

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2016: Primary work completed; Main works preliminary construction begins

321:

The final cost was £5bn. It is set to become fully operational in 2025.

1049: 554: 534:– a £190 million upgrade to extend treatment capacity by 60% 528:– a £220 million upgrade to extend treatment capacity by 44% 522:– a £140 million upgrade to extend treatment capacity by 50% 476: 272: 241: 3173:. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy. July 2019 855: 695: 253: 1201:

Enjoyment, aesthetics and health benefits of green spaces and nature

434:

Screening, storage or treatment at the discharge point to river; and

3318:"Water companies pay billions to shareholders but little tax. Why?" 1594:"Census gives insights into characteristics of London's population" 811:

pumping station – CSO interception and connection tunnel drive site

769:

pumping station – CSO interception and connection tunnel drive site

712:

pumping station – CSO interception and connection tunnel drive site

3485:"Roger S. Ulrich, Ph.D., EDAC | The Center for Health Design" 2896:"Walney wind farm gets consent as A160 beats records – Other News" 2325:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. 21 November 2011. Archived from 2221:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. 21 November 2011. Archived from 2195:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. 21 November 2011. Archived from 2143:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. 21 November 2011. Archived from 2013:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. 11 November 2011. Archived from 1987:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. 21 November 2011. Archived from 1128: 955: 689: 290:

Started in 2016, the project was due to be completed by 2024. The

284: 223: 2273:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. 7 December 2011. Archived from 1953: 1951: 682:

in further refinement and improvement of designs at those sites.

2686:"Green light for examination of Thames Tideway Tunnel proposals" 257: 4217:

Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (United Kingdom)

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Proceedings of the ICE – Civil Engineering, Volume 165, Issue 3

3195:"London super sewer causes stink over opaque funding structure" 1392:"Green Light for examination of Thames Tideway Tunnel Proposal" 412:

To reduce aesthetic pollution due to sewage-derived litter; and

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and sewage treatment works upgrade costs. In the words of the

3363:"Supersewer tunneling set to force hundreds from their homes" 2561: 781:

foreshore – CSO interception and connection tunnel drive site

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foreshore – CSO interception and connection tunnel drive site

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foreshore – CSO interception and connection tunnel drive site

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foreshore – CSO interception and connection tunnel drive site

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community considerations resulting in a shortlist of sites.

3266:"Final work starts to connect super sewer to London system" 1848:"Long Reach Sewage Treatment Works – Sewage Works Upgrades" 1478:"In London, the Long Wait for a Super Sewer Is Almost Over" 3934:

Approved and current major construction projects in London

3414:"Axe supersewer and adopt my greener plan, says US expert" 2874:"Southwark Council launches 'super sewer' legal challenge" 1826:"Riverside Sewage Treatment Works – Sewage Works Upgrades" 1774:"Crossness Sewage Treatment Works – Sewage Works Upgrades" 431:

Separation of foul and surface drainage and local storage;

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Adoption of source control and sustainable urban drainage;

309:

The tunnel will transfer the combined sewers water to the

3439:"Tideway Tunnel chief responds to 'supersewer' criticism" 1308:"Tideway | Tunnelling complete on London's 'super sewer'" 252:

intended to capture, store and convey almost all the raw

1800:"Beckton Sewage Treatment Works – Sewage Works Upgrades" 1505:""Sweet Thames, run softly": Constructing a Clean River" 706:

Storm Tanks – main tunnel reception and CSO interception

1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1748:"Mogden Sewage Treatment Works – Sewage Works Upgrades" 1368:. Thames Tideway Forum. 3 November 2015. Archived from 3412:

Lindsay Watling and Matthew Beard (17 December 2012).

2662:. Infrastructure.planningportal.gov.uk. Archived from 745:

pumping station – CSO and connection tunnel drive site

3441:. Waterbriefing.org. 17 December 2012. Archived from 3361:

Matthew Beard and Lindsay Watling (16 October 2012).

3240:"London 25km Super Sewer hooked up for commissioning" 3029:"Contract Notice published for Thames Tideway Tunnel" 2585:"Video | First of six TBMs delivered to Tideway site" 2453:"King Edward Memorial Park Foreshore – Thames Tunnel" 1931:"Thames Tunnel – main report on Phase 2 consultation" 1726:"Sewage Works Upgrades – London Tideway Improvements" 796:

Chambers Wharf – main tunnel drive and reception site

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mitigation – contrasted to the tunnel's significant

73:, Abbey Mills, between Hackney and Stratford, London 4148: 4092: 3939: 3750: 3684: 3645: 3559: 1094:

2024: All works completed (now scheduled for 2025).

966:fines if the work was not done. In a letter to the 958:, and would build, manage and maintain the tunnel. 751:– CSO interception and connection tunnel drive site 733:

CSO – interception and connection tunnel drive site

718:– CSO interception and connection tunnel drive site 605:

the River Thames Route and save about £900 million.

207: 196: 184: 173: 162: 154: 146: 141: 131: 123: 106: 98: 90: 82: 77: 66: 58: 50: 42: 37: 3193: 2974: 2953:"Invalid UDL link. - TED Tenders Electronic Daily" 1676:"Boris Johnson opens new 'super sewer' Lee Tunnel" 1630:Thames Tideway Strategic Study – Executive Summary 974:(former Director General of Ofwat) and politician 3336:"Londoners to pay £25 a year for Thames clean-up" 3004:"Thames Water delays £4.1bn 'super sewer' tender" 1925: 1923: 2660:"The process – National Infrastructure Planning" 2507:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 2481:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 2455:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 2429:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 2403:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 2377:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 2351:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 2299:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 2247:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 2169:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 2117:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 2091:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 2065:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 2039:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 1961:. Thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk. Archived from 1079:2015: Main works and financing contracts awarded 3466:. Prof Richard Ashley. 1 August 2012. section " 2562:"Thames Tunnel Construction Animation on Vimeo" 2530: 2528: 2526: 2271:"Victoria Embankment Foreshore – Thames Tunnel" 1802:. Thames Water. 22 January 2013. Archived from 1708:"Boris Flushed With Pride At New 'Super Sewer'" 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 569:Thames Tideway Tunnel planning and consultation 27:Sewage system being created for London, England 3143:"All systems go for £4.2bn London super sewer" 2976:"Thames Water is obliged to fund big projects" 2297:"Blackfriars Bridge Foreshore – Thames Tunnel" 2167:"Chelsea Embankment Foreshore – Thames Tunnel" 1850:. Thames Water. 27 August 2012. Archived from 1776:. Thames Water. 27 August 2012. Archived from 1674:Amy Ashenden; Luke Garrett (28 January 2016). 578:Following the Thames Tideway Strategic Study, 415:Protect the health of recreational water users 3919: 3537: 3112:"Green light for £4.2bn London 'super sewer'" 2795:. Clean Thames Now and Always. Archived from 2505:"Abbey Mills Pumping Station – Thames Tunnel" 2323:"Shad Thames Pumping Station – Thames Tunnel" 2245:"Albert Embankment Foreshore – Thames Tunnel" 2115:"Falconbrook Pumping Station – Thames Tunnel" 1435:"Who will pay for the Thames Tideway Tunnel?" 1394:. Thames Water. 27 March 2013. Archived from 1366:"Green light for £4.2bn London 'super sewer'" 1340:"Thames Tideway Tunnel super sewer completed" 820:Bekesbourne Street – system modification site 479:is forecast to capture 16,000,000 m (1.6 8: 3388:"Section 48 – code of construction practice" 1750:. Thames Water. 5 March 2013. Archived from 1063:The funding scheme used was later named the 882:, the first female scientist to work at the 799:Earl pumping station – CSO interception site 32: 2923:. Consumer Council for Water. January 2011. 2921:"Thames Water's Thames Tunnel Consultation" 2824:. The Planning Inspectorate. Archived from 2427:"Greenwich Pumping Station – Thames Tunnel" 2219:"Heathwall Pumping Station – Thames Tunnel" 906:parties were able to make representations. 3926: 3912: 3904: 3544: 3530: 3522: 2939:. 3 November 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2013 2771:"London's 'super sewer' gets the go ahead" 1653:"Lee Tunnel – London Tideway Improvements" 1242: 1240: 1183:Increased resilience to drought and floods 793:pumping station – system modification site 739:– CSO and connection tunnel reception site 424:Four potential strategies were discussed: 31: 2037:"Carnwath Road Riverside – Thames Tunnel" 2011:"Putney Bridge Foreshore – Thames Tunnel" 1553:. Thames Water. July 2011. Archived from 1548:"Why does London need the Thames Tunnel?" 835:To build the Thames Tideway Tunnel, four 3056:"Thames Tideway names preferred bidders" 2401:"Deptford Church Street – Thames Tunnel" 3118:. Thames Tideway Tunnel. Archived from 3106: 3104: 3102: 3083:. Thames Tideway Tunnel. Archived from 2744:. Planning Inspectorate. Archived from 1620:(Summer 2010) accessed: 16 January 2014 1542: 1236: 574:Initial design and phase 1 consultation 2560:Thames Tunnel Plus (4 November 2011). 2141:"Cremorne Wharf Depot – Thames Tunnel" 1540: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1119:Cost and reward to the business owners 990:Official Journal of the European Union 586:Three tunnel routes were considered: 546:– a £40 million upgrade in 409:To protect the ecology of the Tideway; 3054:Wynne, Alexandra (27 February 2015). 1281:"Tideway sewer hits nine-month delay" 1076:2014: Planning decisions and approval 954:license from the industry regulator, 805:Church Street – CSO interception site 287:, ensuring the start of the project. 7: 3671:Thames Gateway Water Treatment Works 2898:. Bircham Dyson Bell. Archived from 2479:"Bekesbourne Street – Thames Tunnel" 2089:"King George's Park – Thames Tunnel" 1688:from the original on 28 January 2016 870:for the Central area and suffragist 507:Sewage treatment works modernisation 357:(CSO) along the banks of the river. 3316:Boffey, Daniel (10 November 2012). 2536:"Project Information Paper – Build" 1959:"Acton Storm Tanks – Thames Tunnel" 1509:The London Literary Society Journal 1466:. Bazalgette Tunnel Ltd. p. 6. 4029:Northumberland Development Project 3637:1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak 2850:. Defra & DGLG. Archived from 1893:"Site Selection Methodology paper" 694:Thames Tideway construction site, 25: 3702:Coppermills Water Treatment Works 2933:"Super-sewer's price rises £500m" 2193:"Kirtling Street – Thames Tunnel" 1441:from the original on 1 April 2019 1038:Vinci Construction Grands Projets 787:foreshore – CSO interception site 654:Phase 2 and targeted consultation 544:Long Reach Sewage Treatment Works 489:VINCI Construction Grands Projets 3717:Crossness Sewage Treatment Works 2349:"Chambers Wharf – Thames Tunnel" 1632:(2005). Accessed 17 January 2014 1250:. Tideway London. Archived from 831:Proposed design and construction 538:Riverside Sewage Treatment Works 526:Crossness Sewage Treatment Works 463:Stratford to Beckton: Lee Tunnel 455:Screening, storage and treatment 311:Stratford to East Ham Lee Tunnel 3722:Deephams Sewage Treatment Works 3192:Plimmer, Gill (8 August 2017). 3141:Morby, Aaron (24 August 2015). 2063:"Dormay Street – Thames Tunnel" 1655:. Thames Water. 17 January 2013 1461:"Tideway Annual Report 2021-22" 763:– main tunnel double drive site 637:direct interception of 21 CSOs; 375:Waste Water Treatment Directive 3697:Beckton Sewage Treatment Works 3031:. Thames Water. Archived from 3002:Pitt, Vern (31 January 2013). 2688:. Thames Water. Archived from 1828:. Thames Water. 27 August 2012 1596:. Ons.gov.uk. 11 December 2012 532:Beckton Sewage Treatment Works 334:Beckton Sewage Treatment Works 315:Beckton Sewage Treatment Works 214:5 billion (2024 estimate) 1: 3737:Mogden Sewage Treatment Works 3732:Hampton Water Treatment Works 2773:. BBC News. 12 September 2014 2610:"Nine Elms on the South Bank" 2541:. Thames Water. November 2011 1728:. Thames Water. 23 March 2011 1503:Skilton, David (March 2007). 1306:Horgan, Rob (29 April 2022). 1088:2019: Secondary lining begins 520:Mogden Sewage Treatment Works 503:, confirmed the tunnel open. 344:Built between 1859 and 1875, 236:is a 25 km (16 mi) 177:−70 m (−230 ft) at 3843:Queen Elizabeth II Reservoir 3742:Walton water treatment works 3468:Examples of ethical dilemmas 3238:Morby, Aaron (14 May 2024). 1222:Continued overflows forecast 826:– main tunnel reception site 467:This earliest phase was the 166:−30 m (−98 ft) at 4187:London water infrastructure 3964:Canary Wharf's New District 3707:Cricklewood Pumping Station 3692:Abbey Mills Pumping Station 3597:Metropolitan Board of Works 3393:. Thames Water. Summer 2012 3264:Morby, Aaron (3 May 2024). 2614:Nine Elms on the South Bank 1985:"Barn Elms – Thames Tunnel" 1898:. Thames Water. Summer 2011 1098:In August 2020, during the 1025:Laing O'Rourke Construction 824:Abbey Mills pumping station 242:the tidal section (estuary) 4243: 4202:2024 in the United Kingdom 3823:Lee Valley Reservoir Chain 1156:sustainable urban drainage 1054:Amber Infrastructure Group 939:Consumer Council for Water 935:East Ham to Stratford part 3888:William Girling Reservoir 3727:Greenwich pumping station 3712:Crossness Pumping Station 3474:. Retrieved 30 July 2013. 2640:. Thames Water. July 2012 1166:options and implementing 815:King Edward Memorial Park 610:Route and sites selection 448:blue-green infrastructure 264:'s and other engineers' 218: 192: 4227:Infrastructure in London 4197:Tunnelling organizations 4079:Westfield London Phase 2 3813:King George VI Reservoir 3602:Metropolitan Water Board 1936:. Thames Water. May 2012 880:Annie Scott Dill Russell 395:Greater London Authority 355:combined sewer overflows 330:London Borough of Newham 3959:Brent Cross Cricklewood 3954:Battersea Power Station 3808:King George V Reservoir 3803:Kempton Park Reservoirs 3418:London Evening Standard 3367:London Evening Standard 3168:"RAB Model for Nuclear" 2941:(subscription required) 2714:. Planning Inspectorate 1681:London Evening Standard 1085:2018: Tunnelling begins 817:– CSO interception site 313:for onward delivery to 188:7.2 m (24 ft) 158:25 km (16 mi) 3883:West Warwick Reservoir 3878:Walthamstow Reservoirs 3853:Queen Mother Reservoir 3793:High Maynard Reservoir 3778:East Warwick Reservoir 3676:Thames Water Ring Main 3612:William Chadwell Mylne 3340:The Construction Index 1285:The Construction Index 985: 970:in November 2012, Sir 948: 837:tunnel boring machines 699: 513:sewage treatment works 350:London sewerage system 328:, runs deep under the 266:London sewerage system 229: 4166:Thames Tideway Tunnel 3984:Elephant & Castle 3873:Tilehurst Water Tower 3858:Stain Hill Reservoirs 3833:Low Maynard Reservoir 3798:Island Barn Reservoir 3768:Bessborough Reservoir 3662:Thames Tideway Tunnel 3658:Thames Tideway Scheme 3270:Construction Enquirer 3244:Construction Enquirer 3147:Construction Enquirer 3116:Thames Tideway Tunnel 1150:The need for a tunnel 1143:Planning Inspectorate 1091:2022: Tunnelling ends 980: 943: 915:Planning Inspectorate 899:Planning Inspectorate 884:Greenwich Observatory 864:Audrey 'Ursula' Smith 693: 631:the Abbey Mills route 346:Sir Joseph Bazalgette 240:running mostly under 234:Thames Tideway Tunnel 227: 150:Various (see article) 127:Bazalgette Tunnel Ltd 113:Bazalgette Tunnel Ltd 94:Various (see article) 33:Thames Tideway Tunnel 4161:London Power Tunnels 4100:40 Leadenhall Street 4044:Paddington Waterside 4014:King's Cross Central 3848:Queen Mary Reservoir 3773:Chingford Reservoirs 2963:on 17 February 2013. 2742:Letter dated 25 July 2121:on 22 September 2012 1854:on 18 September 2012 1806:on 18 September 2012 1780:on 18 September 2012 1160:green infrastructure 1065:Regulated Asset Base 1021:Ferrovial Agroman UK 1012:Balfour Beatty Group 929:Funding and delivery 890:Planning application 749:Cremorne Wharf Depot 420:Potential strategies 277:Amber Infrastructure 116:(trading as Tideway) 4004:Greenwich Peninsula 3893:Wraysbury Reservoir 3868:Sunnyside Reservoir 3788:Grimsbury Reservoir 3763:Bath Road Reservoir 3592:London water supply 3587:London sewer system 3445:on 18 February 2016 3181:– via gov.uk. 2751:on 18 February 2016 2303:on 13 December 2012 2147:on 10 February 2012 2043:on 3 September 2012 1991:on 13 December 2012 1754:on 10 February 2013 1484:. 24 September 2023 1372:on 17 November 2015 1254:on 12 February 2019 1186:Reduction in urban 1032:: Joint venture of 1019:: Joint venture of 1002:: Joint venture of 921:Planning acceptance 779:Victoria Embankment 592:Greenwich Peninsula 34: 4212:2020s architecture 4059:Southall Gas Works 3863:Staines Reservoirs 3838:Molesey Reservoirs 3828:Lockwood Reservoir 3653:Abingdon Reservoir 3221:"Tideway timeline" 3060:New Civil Engineer 2983:. 11 November 2012 2902:on 4 December 2014 2589:New Civil Engineer 2583:Smale, Katherine. 2511:on 2 February 2012 2485:on 2 February 2012 2459:on 2 February 2012 2355:on 2 February 2012 2277:on 2 February 2012 2199:on 2 February 2012 2173:on 6 December 2011 2095:on 2 February 2012 2017:on 5 February 2012 1965:on 5 February 2012 1560:on 16 January 2014 1312:New Civil Engineer 785:Blackfriars Bridge 755:Chelsea Embankment 737:King George's Park 700: 686:Site list and type 561:Acton to Stratford 557:'s water quality. 437:In-river treatment 387:Environment Agency 381:Options assessment 230: 4222:Tunnels in London 4174: 4173: 4120:Landmark Pinnacle 4074:Westfield Croydon 4049:Royal Albert Dock 4009:Kidbrooke Village 3949:Barking Riverside 3901: 3900: 3783:Farmoor Reservoir 3758:Banbury Reservoir 3617:New River Company 3572:Joseph Bazalgette 3297:. 15 January 2013 3122:on 26 August 2015 3087:on 27 August 2015 3035:on 21 August 2013 2854:on 8 October 2014 2828:on 8 October 2014 2799:on 9 October 2014 2407:on 24 August 2013 1206:urban heat island 1100:COVID-19 pandemic 913:. Chaired by the 872:Charlotte Despard 868:Millicent Fawcett 773:Albert Embankment 722:Putney Embankment 324:Its outfall, the 292:COVID-19 pandemic 222: 221: 163:Highest elevation 16:(Redirected from 4234: 4115:Heron Quays West 4064:South Quay Plaza 4024:London Riverside 4019:Lewisham Gateway 3969:Chelsea Barracks 3928: 3921: 3914: 3905: 3818:Knight Reservoir 3577:Edmund Colthurst 3546: 3539: 3532: 3523: 3518: 3517: 3515:Official website 3500: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3489:Healthdesign.org 3481: 3475: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3435: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3392: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3342:. 24 August 2015 3332: 3326: 3325: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3197: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3172: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3108: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3014: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2978: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2959:. 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Thames Water. 1431: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1336: 1323: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1287:. 25 August 2020 1277: 1264: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1244: 1197:carbon footprint 1071:Planned timeline 1042:Bachy Soletanche 493:Bachy Soletanche 482: 372: 174:Lowest elevation 35: 21: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4207:2020s in London 4177: 4176: 4175: 4170: 4144: 4135:Riverside South 4105:100 Bishopsgate 4088: 3999:Embassy Gardens 3941: 3935: 3932: 3902: 3897: 3746: 3680: 3641: 3632:William Webster 3555: 3550: 3513: 3512: 3509: 3504: 3503: 3493: 3491: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3462: 3458: 3448: 3446: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3422: 3420: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3371: 3369: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3300: 3298: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3272: 3263: 3262: 3258: 3248: 3246: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3200:Financial 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